ENGAGING WITH MAHARASHTRA’S Programme: The Way …...Satyarupa Shekhar Sreedhar Ramamurthi, Ananya Bhatia Shweta Tambe Kirtee Shah, Radhika Singh, Neeta Chalke Aravind Unni Anirudh

ENGAGING WITH MAHARASHTRA’S

Programme: The Way Forward

What is the Smart City Mission?

...there is no universally accepted

definition of a smart city. It means

different things to different people. The

conceptualisation of Smart City,

therefore, varies from city to city and

country to country, depending on the

level of development, willingness to

change and reform, resources and

aspirations of the city residents”-

Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

Flagship public policy and national program of the Government of India. Launched in 2015.

Seeks to give a new direction to urban development nationwide.

H a r n e s s e s I n f o r m a t i o n Communication Technology (ICT) to improve city efficiency, productivity, security, liveability, sustainability, and governance.

Cities compete for access to funding and the status of a ‘smart city’ t h r o u g h a ‘c o m p e t i t i ve a n d cooperative federalism’ strategy.

Why is the Smart City Mission important?

How will it be accomplished109 cities selected under SCM out of hundreds of proposals.

Rs.100 crore per year for five years from the central government for each city.

Matching financial contribution expected from both municipal and state governments.

Each smart city must also raise additional funds through taxation, bonds, user charges and Public-Private Partnerships (PPP).

A Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), structured and legislated as a private limited company, to be set up to implement the initiative in each city.

India is projected to add 404 million people to its urban population between 2014 and 2050.

India’s urban population experienced the highest growth among the world’s major economies between 2010 and 2015.

Such rapid urbanisation puts major stress on India's cities – socially, politically, economically and environmentally.

Meeting India’s urban challenge requires finding ways and methods that are innovative, resource conser ving, inclusive, cost effective, flexible, and environmentally, socially, and culturally sustainable.

Comprehensive development through

SCM will improve quality of life,

create employment and enhance

incomes for all, especially the poor

and the disadvantaged, leading to

inclusive cities.”- Ministry of Housing

and Urban Affairs.

Objectives

The objective of this study, which is being carried out by a diverse coalition of concerned professionals, NGOs, and academicians, is to collaborate with citizens to achieve our mutual aims of inclusivity, efficiency, spatial equity, political accountability, and social, financial, cultural, and environmental sustainability.

Based on people’s perspectives, we will advocate for citizen-centric development within the Smart City Mission, whilst involving government officials, private corporations, SPVs, and other stakeholders in the process.

a. Investigate, through discourse and document analysis, how the SCM is envisaged, planned and being implemented in each of the smart cities in Maharashtra.

b. Examine each city’s p l a n n i n g , p rov i s i o n s , resources and project implementation under the SCM in the context of existing and future needs of the city.

c. Explore the convergences and divergences between the SCM and other GOI urban missions.

Developing a comprehensive understanding of the SCM

from the perspectives of its diverse stakeholders.

1.

2.Feeding into the

Smart City Mission

a. Analyse the unfolding programme and its possible impacts within broader urbanisation trajectories in the state.

b. Analyse whether the city development proposals align with the challenges as well as the opportunities identified by the city.

c. Produce constructive & systematic feedback and analysis.

3.Articulating a People-Centric

Perspective

a. Collate and present citizens' perspectives on the SCM through qual i tat ive and quantitat ive fieldwork, including interviews with key actors and workshops with stakeholders.

b. Raise awareness about the SCM within urban communities.

c. Produce an advocacy agenda that reflects citizen views, concerns and priorities, while remaining in dialogue with the stated program objectives.

Research Questions

Visioning and Planning

How has the smart city programme been envisaged and implemented by the government of Maharashtra and what are the key patterns are emerging across the selected cities?

What factors have impacted the structuring of smart city proposals in cities? (e.g. existing infrastructure, social, environmental, economic problems; publ ic part ic ipat ion; economic opportunities)

What are the financing strategies and allocations being rolled out by smart city in i t i a t ives and what a re the i r implications?

What are the possible positive and negative impacts of the proposals on city livability, sustainability, inclusion, and equity? Who actually benefits?

What are the realities at the Area Based Development site (ABD) and in what ways do the proposals address these realities?

Looking at both ABD areas and Pan-City (city wide) projects, does the structure and mechanisms of city governance change, and if so, what are its implications?

Has the SPV been operationalized and if so, how is it dealing with the municipal government on one hand, and the planning authority on the other?

What contestations to the smart city programme have emerged at the city level, and why?

In their implementation, are smart city projects deviating from the way they were envisaged and why?

Governance

Impacts

Maharashtra’s Nine Smart Cities: An Overview

Urbanization Challenges in Maharashtra

Urban Population : 5 crore45.23% of the total population (2011), increasing by 10 lakh per annum.

Half of Maharashtra’s total population of 13 crore will be urban by 2022.

Mumbai, Pune and Nashik account for more than 50% of Maharashtra’s urban population.

Rapid urbanization has caused stress on even basic urban infrastructure, affecting quality of life.

24% of Maharashtra’s urban population resides in slums; greater Mumbai accounts for almost half of Maharashtra’s slum population.

During 1991-2001, Mumbai U.A experienced the highest degree of in-migration in the country, both f r o m w i t h i n t h e s t a t e o f Maharashtra and other states.

64.14% of the population are employed in agriculture andallied activities.

High population density in the urban regions puts pressure on limited land parcels, inflating land prices.

Housing need in Maharashtra is expected to grow to 1 crore housing units (50 lakh each in urban and rural) by 2022.

Maharashtra contributes 13% of national industrial output.

Almost 46% of the GSDP is contributed by industry.

Rapid growth has led to illegally constructed buildings with poor quality of sanitation, drinking water and other facilities on government and private lands.

Maharashtra’s NineSmart Cities:An Overview

About the ityC Area: 244 km2 Population: 3.12 million (2011) Density: 603/km2 Literacy Rate: 86.15% (2011)

Smart City Focus Areas Affordable housingPhysical infrastructure World class customer careRiver water cleaningStart-up zone Transit hub

Chief Consultant

Proposed Budget

Development Authorities

McKinsey & Company

2363 croreState and central funding 1000 crore Schemes: 1026 crore PPP/CSR: 337 crore

Pune Municipal Corporation and Pune Smart City Development Corporation Limited (SPV)

Area: 180 km2 Population: 951,000 (2011) Density: 290/km2 Literacy Rate: 82.80% (2011)

Clean and efficient infrastructureInclusive mobilityBusiness and job creationClean and sustainablePreserve heritage

CRISIL

2247 croreState and central funding: 733 crore Schemes: 1268 crore PPP/CSR: 246 crore

Solapur Municipal Council and Solapur City Development Corporation Limited (SPV)


About the City Area: 147 km2 Population: 1.8 million (2011) Density: 1,157/km2 Literacy Rate: 89.41% (2011)

Smart City Focus Areas Water and lake front developmentEnvironmentally friendly transportUpgrading sewage and drain networks Safety and securityDigital connectivity

Chief Consultant

Proposed Budget


CRISIL

5404 croreState and central funding 948 crore Schemes: 379 crore PPP/CSR: 4078 crore

Thane Municipal Corporation and Thane Smart City Limited (SPV)

Area: 137 km2 Population: 1.2 million (2011) Density: 15,000/km2 Literacy Rate: 91.37% (2011)

Traffic management Upgrading green and public spaces Sewage and waste management Underground power cabling

CRISIL


Kalyan-Dombivali Municipal Corporation and Smart Kalayn-Dombivali Development Corporation Limited (SPV)


About the ityC Area: 181 km2 Population: 1.7 million (2011) Density: 9,770/km2 Literacy Rate: 89% (2011)

Smart City Focus Areas Pawana cleaning and riverfront developmentAccessibility improvement at BRTS stationsSurveillance control centresWi-Fi hotspots, citizen support centresStreet-scaping and junction improvement

Chief Consultant

Proposed Budget


CRISIL

1095 croreState and central funding: 990 crore

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation and SPV

Area: 259 km2 Population: 1.5 million (2011) Density: 393/km2 Literacy Rate: 90% (2011)

TrafficTransportation and parkingWater supply

CRISIL


Nashik Municipal Corporation and Nashik Municipal Smart CityDevelopment Corporation Ltd (SPV)


About the ityC Area: 235 km2 Population: 2.4 million (2011)Density: between 75-150 and 250-400 pph Literacy Rate: 92% (2011)

Smart City Focus Areas Smart living Smart environment Smart mobility Smart governance

Chief Consultant

Proposed Budget


CRISIL

1002 croreState and central funding 583 crore Schemes: 367 crore PPP/CSR: 36 croreUsers: 17 crore

Nagpur Municipal Corporation and Nagpur Smart and SustainableCity Development Corporation Limited (SPV)

Area: 93 km2 Population: 1.2 million (2011) Density: 15,000/km2 Literacy Rate: 88% (2011)

Water, waste and sewageinfrastructure/managementAffordable housing Safety and securityPower and energy efficient management Urban mobilityEnvironment infrastructure and services E-governance

Knight Frank (India) with Fortress Infrastructure services and PSP Financial Consultants


Aurangabad Municipal Corporation and Aurangabad Smart City Development Corporation (SPV)

About the ityC Area:Population: 650,000 (2011)Density: 2,400/km2 Literacy Rate: 92% (2011)

270 km2

Smart City Focus Areas CleanlinessHealthSmart securitySmart farmingSmart transportation

Chief Consultant

Proposed Budget


CRISIL

Proposal still to be finalised

Amravati Municipal Corporation and SPV (TBC)


ContactWe invite input especially from:

Please contact our Secretariat Office in Ahmedabad or Head Office in Pune.

COORDINATING OFFICES:

Radhika Singh and Kirtee Shah, INHAF, Ahmedabad

D-1, Malti Co-op. Housing Society, Near Sahara Hotel, Senapati Bapat Road, Pune, 411016Neeta Chalke: [email protected], 8308077600 | Enid Still: [email protected], 7507660240|

Local NGOs

Citizen groups

Professionals

Academic and ResearchOrganizations

Associations of Trade, Business and Industry

Media and

Concerned citizens

51/A, Thakorebag Flats Annexe, 5th Floor,Opp. Sardar Sewa Samaj Hall, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009Kirtee Shah: [email protected], 9925010706 | Radhika Singh: [email protected], 9920604102 |

Enid Still and Neeta Chalke, INHAF, Pune

Institutions/Agencies: Action Aid, New Delhi:

Centre for Environment Education (CEE),

Pune:

Centre for Urban Policy and Governance, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS),

Mumbai:

Centre for Promoting Democracy, Mumbai:

Citizen Consumer and Civic ActionGroup (CAG), Chennai:

Environics Trust, New Delhi:

Habitat and Livelihood Welfare

Association, Mumbai:

Habitat Forum (INHAF), Ahmedabad and

Pune:

Indo-Global Social Service Society (IGSSS),

Delhi:

Kamla Raheja Vidyanidhi Institute for

Architecture and Environmental Studies

(KRVIA), Mumbai:

Maharashtra Social Housing and Action

League (MASHAL), Pune:

Mahila Housing Trust (MHT), Ahmedabad:

Mumbai Environmental Social Network,

Mumbai:

KT Suresh

Sanskriti Menon, Avinash Madhale

Amita Bhide

Sitaram Shellar

Satyarupa Shekhar

Sreedhar Ramamurthi, Ananya Bhatia

Shweta Tambe

Kirtee Shah, Radhika Singh, Neeta Chalke

Aravind Unni

Anirudh Paul

Sharad Mahajan, Ashok Kulkarni

Bijal Brahmbhatt

Trupti Amritwar Vaitla

Samanvaya Social Ventures Pvt. Ltd.,

Chennai:

School of Ecology, Infrastructure and Human

Settlement Management, IIEST, Shibpur:

Sustainability Initiatives (SI), Pune

Symbiosis School of Economics (SSE), Pune:

Youth for Unity and Voluntary Action(YUVA), Mumbai:

Ramasubramanian

Souvanic Roy

Anagha Paranjape-Purohit

Jyoti Chandiramani, Debdulal Thakur

Marina Joseph, Nitin Meshram

Amitabh Kundu,

Anjali Mohan,Enid Still,

Banashree Banerjee,Darshani Mahadevia,

Dinesh Abrol,

Mayuresh Bhadsalve,

Netra Shirke,Om Prakash Mathur,Persis Taraporevala,Ravikant Joshi,

Saswat Bandyopadhyay,Vidyadhar Phatak,

Distinguished Fellow,

Research Information System, New Delhi Urban & Regional Planner

Research Scholar, Savitribai Phule

Pune University Architect Planner Urban Planner and

Researcher Coordinator of South Asia

Sustainability Hub and Knowledge Network,

JNU, and Institute for Studies in Industrial

Development Urban Development

Practitioner, Thane Matdata JagranAbhiyan

Political Worker Urban Specialist

Urban Researcher Urban Finance and

Management Specialist Urban Planner

Urban Planner

This coalition is essentially a citizen initiative. It is a way for the “citizen voice” to reach p l a n n e r s a n d r e l e v a n t authorities.

The aim of this exercise, undertaken voluntarily in public interest by a coalition of over 25 civic groups, professionals, NGOs, academic institutions, researchers, and concerned citizens, is to feed into the policy and program implementation of smart cities in Maharashtra, with a view to improve outcomes in form of greater inclusivity, urban efficiency, spatial equity, political accountability, and sustain-ability, so as to maximise positive impacts and mitigate possible negative consequences.

Coalition

Individuals:

Text and Design: Radhika Singh, Rhea Goyal, Enid Still

Documents

ENGAGING WITH MAHARASHTRA’S Programme: The Way …...Satyarupa Shekhar Sreedhar Ramamurthi, Ananya Bhatia Shweta Tambe Kirtee Shah, Radhika Singh, Neeta Chalke Aravind Unni Anirudh