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Installation GuideUse this Installation Guide for step-by-step instructions on how to create your easy-to-install MiraStoneTM segmental retaining wall system.
Engineered for strength…designed for beauty
» cornerstonewallsolutions.com
by CORNERSTONE®
MiraStone™
he MiraStoneTM retaining wall system was developed with the installer in mind. MiraStone’s durable, high shear strength concrete SecureLugs fit into lower units’ hollow cores, allowing significant lateral movement without losing unit to unit interlock. Tapered sides with removable wings make it easy to build tight curves and straight walls with complete accuracy. MiraStone’s large hollow core, filled with gravel, provides a superb geogrid to block connection.
MiraStone® is committed to providing complete technical and construction information to installers and engineers to ensure the successful completion of any retaining wall project. Your best choice is MiraStoneTM for value, beauty, durability, ease of construction, and complete retaining wall excellence.
Design Advantage Economic Advantage
• Unitsaremadefromhighcompressionandlow-absorptionconcrete,thatprovidesdurabilityandresistancetoweathering.
• Largehollowcorereducesefflorescenceproblemsandtheuseofcostlypigments.
• Unitsprovideexcellentsolutionsforgravity,geogridreinforced,steel/concrete,plantableandothertypesofwallstructures.
• Providessuperiorenvironmentaladvantagesbothbyusinglessconcreteinmanufacturingandbytheresultingefficiencyoftransportation.
• Providessuperiorflexibilityincreatingcurves,corners,stepsandterracedwalls.
• MiraStoneTMsystemwillsavetime,labor,andmaterialcosts.
• MiraStoneTMwallscancostconsiderablylessthanconventionalcastinplaceconcretewallsortraditionalmasonrysystems.
• MiraStoneTMlight-weight,hollowcoreunitsarelessexpensivetoshipandhandle.
• MiraStoneTMlaborandequipmentcostsarelowbecausenospecialequipmentisrequiredandsemi-skilledworkerswillfindtheunitseasytoassemble.
• Asmallcrewcaneasilyinstall200to600squarefeetofwallunitsaday.
• OnepersoncaneasilyhandlethelightweighthollowcoreMiraStoneTMunit.
• Theone-stepSecureLugsystemoutperformsthepinsorclipmethod,speedingupinstallationtimeconsiderably.
• Thehollowcoremakesiteasytosawcut,addspeciallightingorplacefencepostsintowhenaddingcreativedetails.
Installation Advantage
Design, Installation & Economic Advantagesby CORNERSTONE®
MiraStone™
Cap
3"Heightx18"Widthx12"Depth(76Hx457Wx305mmD)Weight:46lbs(21kgs)
90 Degr ee Cor ner
6"Heightx18"Widthx9"Depth(152Hx457Wx229mmD)Weight:35lbs(16kgs)
Str a ight FaCe
6"Heightx18"Widthx12"Depth(152Hx457Wx305mmD)Weight:57lbs(26kgs)FaceArea=.75sq.ft.
*All dimensions vary between manufacturers. Verify with local producer for correct measurements.
Dimensions 6" HeigHt x 18" WiDtH x 12" DeptH (152 H x 457 W x 305 mm D)Face area .75 sq Ft (0.07 m2)Volume oF VoiDs .296 Ft3 (.008 m3)WeigHt 57 lbs (26 kgs)
Faces Varies
graVel FilleD WeigHt 94 lbs (43 kgs)concrete FilleD WeigHt 101 lbs (46 kgs)batter/setback 4.5° 1/2"/unit
by CORNERSTONE®MiraStone™
1 118
12 1413
15
22
Gravity Wall Geogrid Reinforced Wall Wall Details
Base Elevation Changes Convex/Outside Curves Concave/Inside Curves
Outside Corner
1716
Inside Corner Stair Details
24
Estimating ChartsPillar Details
MIRASTONE TM » Installation Guide » cornerstonewallsolutions.com
a DDr eSS:
Cornerstone® Wall Solutions
803-1625 Manitoba Street • Vancouver, BC
V5Y 0B8 • Canada
phone & em a il:
Toll Free: 1-800-939-9193
Phone: 604-939-7999
Email: [email protected]
a FFili ationS:
Cornerstone® Wall Solutions is a proud member
of the National Concrete Masonry Association,
the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute
and the National Precast Concrete Association.
liCenSing:
Cornerstone® Wall Solutions licences products
to manufacturers. Opportunities are still
available. Contact us for more information.
» cornerstonewallsolutions.com
MiraStone™ Gravity Wall
ravity (SRW) segmental retaining wall systems are structures lower in height that use the MiraStoneTM unit weight combined with gravel core infill to resist earth pressures behind and on top of the wall. The 1/2”/unit (4.5 degree or 1”/vertical foot) batter or setback of the MiraStoneTM wall along with proper soil conditions below and behind the wall provide the stability of the structure. For walls 4.0ft (1.2m) and taller a qualified engineer should be consulted.
note: Bolded installation terms are defined in our online glossary at: www.cornerstonewallsolutions.com
• Markthebottomandtopofthewallexcavationlocationwithspraypaintorstakes;
• Establishproperelevationbottomandtopofwallbeforeexcavating;
• OrganicMaterialsshouldnotbeusedinStructuralBackfillZone;
• StoreandprotectStructuralBackfillMaterialsfrominclementweatherduringconstruction.
OrganicMaterials
ProposedWallLocation
ReinforcedBackfillZone
StakesGrass
• CompactSubBaseto95%StandardProctorDensityorgreater;
• RemoveanyOrganicorpoorsoilsintheSubBaseandreplacewithproperStructuralFillMaterialsbeforecompacting.
CompactorTrenchWidth+/-3.0ft
SubBase
• ExcavateandprepareSubBaseLevelingPadTrench6”belowfirstcourse;
• LevelingPadrenchisapproximately2.5’to3’wide;
• NormalwallBurialDepthorEmbedmentDepthis6”to12”oroneblock;
• Excavatecutlinetoa2to1slopeorgreater;
• Backofwallexcavationdepthintothebankshouldbe12”beyondthebackoftheSubBaseLevelingTrench.
BackofWallExcavationDepth
ExcavatedMaterials
EmbedmentDepth SubBase
RetainedSoil
LevelingPadTrench
ExcavationCutLine
Step 3: Sub Base Compaction
Step 2: Excavation
Step 1: PlanningGravity Wall
CompactedGravelLevelingPad
CompactedGravelLevelingPad
• CompacttheGravelLevelingPadto95%StandardProctorDensityorgreater;
• CorrectMoistureContentinthegravelwillhelpinreachingpropercompaction.
WellGradedGravelApprox+/-6”Deep
RakeforRoughGrading
• PlaceWellGradedGravel(alsoknownasRoadBaseAggregates)ontopoffabricinthelevelingpadtrenchapproximately6”deep;
• Roughgradegravelwitharakeclosetofinishbaseelevation.
BaseStabilizationFabric
TrenchDepth6”LevelingPadTrench
• (Optional)place5’to6’wideBaseStabilizationFabricontopoflevelingpadtrench;
• BaseStabilizationFabricswillhelppreventsubbasematerialsfrommixingwiththegravelbaselevelingpadduringcompaction;
• FabricalsoprovidesextraStructuralBearingStabilitytothebaselevelingpad.
Step 6: Compact Leveling Pad
Step 5: Rough Leveling Pad
Step 4: Base StabilizationGravity Wall
• Placefirst3’longScreedPipeacrossthetrenchatoneendofthewalloratthelowestelevation;
• Scratchatrenchforthepipeinthecompactedgravelwithachippinghammer;
• Usea2’levelorLaserLeveltosetthescreedpipetotheproperlevel.Addgravelunderneathandaroundscreedpipetosupportwhileleveling;
• Placethesecondscreedpipeacrossthetrenchapproximately9’fromthefirstscreedpipe.Levelthesecondscreedpipetothesameelevationasthefirstscreedpipebyusinga4’levelontopofaScreedBoard,StraightEdgeorwithaLaserLevel;
CompactedGravelLevelingPad
ScreedBoardorStraightEdge
ScreedPipe
4”Level 2”Level
• ScreedthegravellevelingpadwithaScreedBoardorStraightEdgeacrossthetrenchontopoftwoscreedpipes;
• ThecoarserthegravelthemorebackandforththescreedingactionwhendrawingtheScreedacrossthelevelingpad;
• Toomuchpressureonthescreedstraightedgemaydislodgethelevelofthescreedpipeswhilescreeding;
• Asecondscreedpassmaybeneededtoinsureanaccuratelevelhasbeenachieved;
• Continuetoscreedthelevelingpaduntilcompletingthefulllengthofthetrenchoruptothefirstelevationchange.
CompactedGravelLevelingPad
ScreedBoardorStraightEdge
ScreedPipe
• Continuingonfromthepreviousstep,placeandlevelscreedpipesthefulllengthofthetrenchlevelingpadoruntilreachingabaseelevationchange.
• PlaceorremoveextraWellGradedGravel(alsoknownasRoadBaseAggregates)leveltothetopofthescreedpipesasneeded;
• (Ifmorethan1½inchesofloosegravelisadded,repeatthecompactionstepsagainbeforescreeding).
CompactedGravelLevelingPad
ExtraGravel
ScreedPipe
ScreedPipe
Step 9: Screeding Leveling Pad
Step 8: Extra Gravel
Step 7: Level Screed PipesGravity Wall
LevelingPad
SecureLugsRemoved
• MiraStoneTMbaseunitswillhavetheSecureLugsremovedbeforeplacingonthelevelingpad;
• Placeeachunitontopofthelevelingpadinsuchawayasnottodisturbthelevelgravel.
BaseUnitswithSecureLugsRemoved
SteelStakewithStringLineAttached
• Removethescreedpipesfromthelevelingpad;
• PlaceasteelstakeorMiraStoneTMunitateitherendofthelevelingpadtoestablishthebackofthefirstcourseofunits;
• SecuretightlyastringlinetothestakesorMiraStoneTMunitsateitherendwhichwillprovidetheguidetolineupthebackofeachbaseunit;
• ThedistanceofthestringlinebetweenthesteelstakesorMiraStoneTMunitsmayvaryduetoheavywinds.
LevelFronttoBack
LevelUnittoUnit
RubberMallet
• Unitsarelaidsnugtogetherandparalleltothestraightorcurvedline;
• Arubbermalletshouldbeusedifunitheightandalignmentadjustmentisneeded;
• Useashort2’leveltomakesuretheunitsarelevelfronttoback;
• Usea4’leveltomakesuretheunitsarelevelunittounitalongthelengthofthewall;
• CorrectbatterandstraighthorizontallinesinthecompletedMiraStoneTMwalldependontheaccuracyofthebaselevelingpadandunits.
Step 12: Level Units
Step 11: Lay First Course
Step 10: Remove SecurelugsGravity Wall
ImpermeableMaterial
ImpermeableMaterial
ToeofWall
HandCompactor
HollowCore
• Backfillbehind,infront(toeofwall)andinthehollowcoresoftheunitswithImpermeableMaterialsuptothedesiredlevelofthePerforatedDrainPipeortothetopofthefirstcourse;
• Compacttheimpermeablematerialsbehind,infrontandinthehollowcoresoftheunits;
• Sweepthetopoftheunitscleanofallrockanddirtbeforeplacingthenextcourseofunits;
• Sweepingshouldcreatea1 ⁄ 2”voidinthecoretoaccommodatetheSecureLug’sinterlock.
BurialDepth
CompacttheBackfillMaterialsBeforeInsertingDrainageGravel
6”Lifts
• PlaceandcompactBackfillMaterialsinmaximumLiftsof6”.
• Liftsmaybelessinheightthan6",dependingonthetypeofsoilorsizeofequipment;
• Backfillmaterialswillbeplaced6”to12”behindtheunitsallowingforClearCrushDrainGravel(AngularAggregatesfreeoffines)betweentheMiraStoneTMunitsandcompactedbackfillmaterials;
• ByaddingClearCrushDrainGravel(AngularAggregatefreeoffines)aftercompactionofBackfillMaterials,thiswillpreventunduepressureagainstthewallwhichcancausetheunitstomoveoutofalignment;
• Eachliftshouldbecompactedto95%StandardProctororgreater;
• ThecorrectMoistureContentintheBackfillMaterialswillhelpinreachingproperCompactionDensity.
• PerforatedDrainPipeshouldhaveadequateslopetodrainwaterintherightdirectiontowardseachDrainPipeOutlet;
• DrainPipeOutletcanbeevery30or50feet;
• PerforatedDrainPipecanbeaSockWrappedsystemtohelppreventfinesfrommigratingintothepipe.
DrainPipeOutlet
Slope
Slope
Cut4"SquareOutofBottom–CornerStoneTM
Step 15: Backfill
Step 14: Drain Pipe Outlet
Step 13: Impermeable FillGravity Wall
• ClearCrushDrainGravel(AngularAggregatesfreeoffines)isplacedinthehollowcoresand6”to12”behindthewallunitsaftercompactionoftheBackfillMaterials.Thiswillpreventunduepressureagainstthewallwhichcancausetheunitstomoveoutofalignment;
• ClearCrushDrainGraveldoesnotneedtobecompacted;
• SweepthetopoftheMiraStoneTM unitscleanofallrockanddirtbeforeplacingthenextcourses;
• MakesuretheClearCrushDrainGraveldirectlybehindthewallunitsisplacedflushtothetopoftheunits;
• MakesuretheBackfillMaterialsareaswellcompactedandlevelaspossible.
ReinforcedBackfillMaterials
Course3 ClearCrushDrainGravelPlacedFlushtoTopofUnits
Broom
• Continuetoinstalleachcourseofunitsfollowingthesamestepsasabove;
• InstallandcompactBackfillMaterialsin6”liftsuntilwalliscomplete;
• GroutaroundDrainPipeOutlettopreventClearCrushDrainGravelorDrainageAggregates(AngularAggregatesfreeoffines)frommigrating.
GroutAroundDrainPipeOutlet
PerforatedDrainPipe
ClearCrushDrainGravelCourse3
Step 17: Continue Installation
Step 16: Drainage GravelGravity Wall
• CompletethetopofthewallwithMiraStoneTMcapunits;
• Properlysecurethecapunitsusinga ConcreteAdhesive;
• Makesureallunitsarefreeofdirtandstonesbeforeinstallingthecaps;
• PlaceasolidbeadofConcreteAdhesivearoundthetopofeachMiraStoneTMunit.
• Placeabeadofadhesivebetweeneachjointofthecapunits.
CapUnit ConcreteAdhesive
*Final determination of the suitability of the contemplated use, and its manner of use are the sole responsibility of the user
• Insurethatfinalgradingisdoneontopandbottomofthewall;
• Makesuretoprotectnewlyplacedplantingsoilfromerosionduringheavyrainsorsurfacerunoff;
• PleaseNote:Finaldeterminationofthesuitabilityofthecontemplateduse,anditsmannerofusearethesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.
GrassGrass DrainPipeOutlet
PlantingSoil
• Placea6ftwideSoilSeparatingFilterFabricontopofthebackfillanddrainagegravelandagainstthebackofthelastunitsbeforeplacingtheplantingsoils;
• ThefabricwillpreventplantingsoilfinesfromstainingthefaceofthewallandmigratingintotheClearCrushDrainGravel(AngularAggregatefreeoffines).
SoilSeparatingFilterFabric
BackfillMaterial
DrainageGravel
Step 20: Final Grading
Step 19: Soil Separation Fabric
Step 18: CappingGravity Wall
Geogrid Reinforced Wall
reating a MiraStoneTM reinforced wall system involves the use of geogrids for reinforcement. MiraStoneTM walls 4.0ft (1.2m) and taller will automatically have active pressures because of their height. Walls smaller than 4.0ft (1.2m) may also require geogrid reinforcement depending on other related factors. Parking lots, roadways, or positive slopes above walls for example, require the use of reinforcement to help resist the increased pressure behind the wall. Geogrid used with the appropriate lengths, layers, and compacted backfill materials will resist these active forces above and behind the wall. For walls 4.0 ft and taller a qualified engineer should be consulted.
note: Bolded installation terms are defined in our online glossary at: www.cornerstonewallsolutions.com
CorrectGeogridOrientation
• ExcavateandprepareSubBaseLevelingTrench6”belowfirstcourse;
• LevelingPadTrenchisapproximately2.5’to3’wide;
• NormalwallBurialDepthorEmbedmentDepth is6”to12”oroneblock(formoreinformationrefertodesignmanual);
• Excavatecutlinetoa2to1slopeorgreater;
• BackofwallexcavationdepthintothebankatthebaseofthewallshouldbefromthefaceofwalltothedesignedlengthofGeogrid.LevelingPad
TrenchBackofWallExcavationDepth
ExcavationCutLine
ExcavatedMaterials
EmbedmentDepth SubBase
RetainedSoil
• Cut GeogridReinforcementtolengthspecifiedindesign;
• GeogridsaremanufacturedintwodirectionsUni-axialorBi-axial.Uni-axialgridhasonedirectionofstrengthandthatdirectionhastobeorientedperpendicularlytothefaceofthewallduringinstallation.Bi-axialgridcanbelaidintwodirections,perpendicularandlengthwisetothefaceofwall(ensurethatthelengthwisedirectionisstillinaccordancetothelengthspecifiedbytheEngineer’sdesign);
• Correctgeogridorientation,strengthandlengthiscrucialtothesuccessofthewallproject;
• Eachgeogridlengthshouldbelaidparallelandadjacenttoeachotherbutneveroverlapping.
GeogridReinforcement
GeogridStrengthOrientation
GeogridReinforcementCutinLengthsDesignedbyEngineer
Step 2: Cut Geogrid
Step 1: PlanningGeogrid Reinforced Wall
• PlacethegeogridasfarforwardontheMiraStoneTMunitsaspossiblewithoutrevealingitontheface;
• PlacethenextcourseofMiraStoneTMunitsontopofthelowerunitsandgeogridatahalfbond;
• ThetwoSecureLugswillfitsecurelyintothehollowcoresofthetwounitsbelowandlockthegeogridintothegravelcore;
• PulltheunitforwardtoengageandaligntheSecureLugs;
• CompletetheinstallationofunitsontheGeogridReinforcedcourses;
• Makesureeachunitisinstalledagainstthenextunit,leavingnogapsbetweenunitjoints;
• TensionthegeogridinsuchawayasNOTtodisturbthealignmentoftheupperunits;
• Usestakesorbackfillmaterialstomaintainthetensionduringbackfilling;
• Donotdriveequipmentdirectlyontopofgeogrid.
• BackfillandCompacttheReinforcedZonebyplacingmaterialsfromthebackofthewalltowardstheendofthegeogrid;
• Installdrainagegravelinthecoresand6”to12”behindtheunitsafterplacingandcompactingbackfillmaterials;
• InstallandcompactBackfillMaterialsin6”liftsuntilwalliscomplete.
TensionedGeogrid StakesPlacedtoMaintainGeogridTension
DrainPipeOutlet 6”Lifts ReinforcedZone
ClearCrushDrainGravel
GeogridElevationsSettoEngineerDesign
Step 4: Reinforced Backfill
Step 3: Lay GeogridGeogrid Reinforced Wall
MiraStone™ Wall Details
his section provides detailed, illustrated step-by-step instructions for using MiraStoneTM to construct wall details including: inside curves, outside curves, elevation changes, and both inside and outside corners.
Curves, corners and elevation changes are the portions of a wall project that adapt to the specifics of the site and the needs of its users. Correct construction and professional completion of these wall details greatly enhances the visual appeal of the finished project and avoids the time and costs associated with improper installation.
note: Bolded installation terms are defined in our online glossary at: www.cornerstonewallsolutions.com
• Thetopoftheinstalledbaseunitwillbeusedtoestablishthestepupgravellevelingpadelevation;
• Makesuretobackfillandcompactthegravelinandaroundthelastunitofthefirstcourse;
• Finishedgradeofthelevelingpadshouldbean1/8”to1/4”abovetopoffirstcourseunitstoallowforasmallamountofsettlement;
• Repeattheabovescreedingstepsonthesecondelevationgravellevelingpad;
• Placethefirstunitonthesecondcourseatahalfbondontopoflast&secondlastofthefirstcourseunits;
• Thetwo SecureLugswillfitintothehollowcoresofthetwounitsbelow.Toalignthewall,placeastringlineatthebackoftheunitsforastraightwallorplaceaPVCpipeforacurvedwall;
• Pullupperunitforwardtoengageandalignunits;
• Thebatterorsetbackwillbe1/2”/unit(4.5degreeor1”/verticalfoot)forMiraStoneTM;
• Placethesecondunithalfonthelastunitandhalfonthesecondgravellevelingpad.EnsurethattheSecureLug isremovedonthelevelingpadsideoftheunit.
TopofBaseUnit BaseLevelingPadFirstUnitSecondCourse
CornerUnit
CappingUnitsAttachedwithConcreteAdhesive
SecondUnitOne~SecureLugRemoved ThirdUnit~BothSecureLugsRemoved
WellCompacted
Step 1: Base Elevation ChangesBase Elevation Changes
WorkLeft WorkRight
StartCenterofCurve
CenterofCurve
+/-3"(75mm)BackfillMaterialsBetweenGeogridOverlaps
DoNotOverlapGeogridonMiraStone®Units
PVCFlexPipe
FirstCourse
SmallerRadius LargerRadius
MinConvexRadius3.6'(1.1m
)
WingsRemoved• Ifpossible,startbuildingacurvefromthecenter
andworkleftandrightthroughthecurve;
• UsePVCFlexPipestocreatesmoothandaccurateConvexcurves;
• Usethebackoftheunitforalignment;
• RemoveoneorbothMiraStoneTMwingswhenbuildingaConvexcurve;
• Buildeachcourseofunitsbystartingatthesameplaceandthesamebondasthelastcourse;
• Convexcurveshaveaslightincreaseinbatterorsetbacktothestandard1/2”forMiraStoneTM;
• ThetallerthewallthelargertheConvexfirstcourseneedstobe.Theradiusofeachadditionalcoursewillbeslightlysmallerthanthelowercourse;
• MiraStoneTMminimumConcavecurveisapproximately3.6footradius.
• Eachgeogridlengthshouldbelaidperpendicularlytothewallface;
• GeogridshouldnotoverlapontheMiraStoneTMunits;
• Correctgeogridorientation,strengthandlengthiscrucialtothesuccessofthewallproject.
Step 1: Convex First CourseConvex/Outside Curves
Step 2: Convex Geogrid Curve
• Ifpossible,startbuildingacurvefromthecenterandworkleftandrightthroughthecurve;
• UsePVCFlexPipestocreatesmoothandaccurateConcavecurves;
• Usethebackoftheunitforalignment;
• Buildeachcourseofunitsbystartingatthesameplaceandthesamebondasthelastcourse;
• Concavecurveshaveaslightincreaseinbatterorsetbacktothestandard5/8”;
• ThetallerthewallthesmallertheConcavefirstcourseneedstobe.Theradiusofeachadditionalcoursewillbeslightlylargerthanthelowercourse;
• MiraStoneTMminimumConcavecurveisapproximately3.6footradius.
• Eachgeogridlengthshouldbelaidperpendicularlytothewallface;
• GeogridshouldnotoverlapontheMiraStoneTMunits;
• Toensure100%coverage,placeasecondlayerofgeogridcenteredtotheunreinforcedtrianglezoneonecourseabovethemaingeogridlayer;
• Correctgeogridorientation,strengthandlengthiscrucialtothesuccessofthewallproject.
StartCenterofCurve
UnreinforcedTriangleZone
MainGeogridLayer
CenterofCurve
WorkLeft WorkRight
GeogridPlacedatCentertoUnreinforcedTriangleZone
SecondaryGeogridLayer
SmallerRadius LargerRadius
PVCFlexPipe
FirstCourse
Step 2: Concave Geogrid Curve
Step 1: Concave First CourseConcave/Inside Curves
MinConvexRadius
3.0'(0.9m)
• Usea90°Cornerunittobuildanoutsidecorner;
• Placethefirst90°Cornerunitonthebaselevelingpadtostarttheoutsidecorner;
• Placeaunitoneithersideagainstthe90°Cornerunit;
• ContinuetolaytheCornerStone®basecourseoneithersideofthecorneruntilfirstcourseiscompleted;
• Flipandturnthesecondcourse90°Corneroverlappingtheshortsideandhalfofthebaseunit.Thisunitshouldbepushedback1/2”toachievepropersetback;
• ContinuetolaythesecondMiraStoneTMcourseoneithersideofthecorneruntilsecondcourseiscompleted;
• The90°Cornerscanbegluedorconcretecorefilledtoensureapropercoursetocourseoutsidecornerinterlock.
• Eachgeogridlengthshouldbelaidperpendicularlytothewallface;
• GeogridshouldnotoverlapontheMiraStoneTMunits;
• Laythe1stgeogridcornersectionperpendicularlytoonesideofthecorner;
• Laythe2ndgeogridsectionperpendicularlytotheothersideofthecornerbutnotoverlappingthe1stgeogridsection;
• Laythesecondarygeogridlayeronecourseaboveandperpendiculartothelowermaingeogridlayerdirectionalstrength;
• Correctgeogridorientation,strengthandlengthiscrucialtothesuccessofthewallproject.
FirstCourse SecondCourse
90°Corner 90°CornerFlippedandTurned
ThirdCourse~SameasFirstCourse
SecondGeogridCornerSection
SecondGeogridCornerSection
GeogridLayersShouldNotOverlap
MainGeogridLayer
FirstGeogridCornerSection
90°Corner
1/2"Setback
AdhesiveCanbeAppliedtoCornerUnits
AdhesiveCanbeAppliedtoCornerUnits
Step 2: Convex Geogrid Curve
Step 1: Outside First CourseOutside Corner
FirstGeogridSection
FirstGeogridSection:
SecondGeogridSection
Height/4OverlapThroughtheBackfill
1/2"
• PlacethesecondunitatrightangleandcenteredtothefirstMiraStoneTM baseunit.Continuetoinstallthebaseunitsrightandleftofthefirstinsidecornerunits;
• Placethesecondunitatrightangleandcenteredtothe1stunitonthesecondcourse;
• Makesuresecondcourseunitsareplacedata1/2”setbacktothelowerinsidecorner;
• Continuetoinstalltheunitsleftandrightoftheinsidecornertocompletethesecondcourseofthewall;
• Repeattheabovestepbystepinstallationuntilthewallheightiscompletedoruntilreachingthefirstgeogridlayer.
• Eachgeogridlengthshouldbelaidperpendicularlytothewallface;
• GeogridshouldnotoverlapontheMiraStoneTMunits;
• Laythe1stgeogridcornersectionperpendicularlytoonesideofthecornerandoverlaph/4throughthebackfill(HeightofWall÷4);
• Laythe2ndgeogridsectionperpendicularlytothe1stgeogrid;
• Laythesecondgeogridlayerperpendicularlyandoverlaph/4throughthebackfilloppositetothefirstgeogridlayer;
• Theh/4overlapwillalternatelayertolayertoproperlysecuretheinsidecorner;
• Correctgeogridorientation,strengthandlengthiscrucialtothesuccessofthewallproject.
SecondCourseStaggered1/2”
SecondBaseUnitCentered
FirstBaseUnit
SecondUnitCentered
First
SecondGeogridLayer: SecondGeogridSection
Step 2: Inside Geogrid Corner
Step 1: Inside First CourseInside Corner
MiraStone™ Stair Details
roper installation of stairs in a wall project requires the same care and thoroughness as the creation of the wall itself. MiraStone’s design features, including the hollow core and SecureLug, simplify the process and provide installers with a range of options to create stairs that are striking and unique. This section provides illustrated step-by-step instructions for using MiraStoneTM to construct stair details.
note: Bolded installation terms are defined in our online glossary at: www.cornerstonewallsolutions.com
FirstCourseBuried
• Whenbuildingsteps,exercisethesamecareusedintypicalwallconstruction;
• Preparethesub-baseandbaselevelingpadbyfollowingMiraStoneTMGravityWallInstallationSteps1to9;
• Buildeachstepinsequencewitheachcourseoftheregularwallunitsforbestresultsofwalltostepinterlock.
GravelFilledWallUnits
BackfillandCompact
FirstCourseBuried
HollowCoreStepUnits
• MiraStoneTM firstbaseunitswillhavetheSecureLugsremovedbeforeplacingonthelevelingpad;
• Firstcourseofstepunitswillbetotallyburied;
• Backfillbehindthefirstcourseunitswithgravel,thencompactandlevelflushtothetopofthefirstcourse;
• Donotfillthestepunits’hollowcoreswithgravelifyouplantouseconcrete.
SecondCourseWallUnits
BacktoBackUnits
HalfBond
• Placethesecondcourseofunitsontopofthebaseunits;
• Placeasecondrowofunitsbacktobackbehindthesecondcourseofunitsonhalfbond;
• Backfillbehindthesecondcourseofunitswithgravel,thencompactandlevelflushtothetopofthesecondcourse;
• Donotfillthestepunits’hollowcoreswithgravelifyouplantouseconcrete.
Step 3: Lay Second Course
Step 2: Lay First Course
Step 1: Base Leveling PadStair Details
StairTread
BackfillandCompact
BackfillandCompactBehindUnits
• PlacethethirdcourseofunitsonthelowerbackwardfacingunitswiththeSecureLugsplacedintothe2hollowcoresofthelowerunitsonhalfbond;
• PulltheunitsforwardtolocktheSecureLugsintothelowerbackwardunits;
• Thethirdcourseunitswillbeinaforwardbatterapproximately1.5inchleaving10.5inchesexposedonthefrontfirststep;
• Placeasecondrowofunitsbacktobackbehindthethirdcourseofunitsonhalfbond.
• Continuetoinstalleachcourseofstepunitsfollowingthesamestepsasabove;
• Thetopandfinalstepdoesnotneedbackwardunits.
ThirdCourse
1.5”ForwardBatter
90°CornerSecureLugInterlock
Step 5: Continue Installation
Step 4: Lay Third CourseStair Details
ConcreteCoreFillAllStepUnits
GravelFilledWallUnits
BackfillandCompactBehindUnits
FourthCourse
TypicalWallConstruction
• Concretefillingthecoresofallthestepunitswillprovideforgreaterstairstability;
• Concretecorefillflushtothetopoftheunits;
• Useasteelbartohandvibratethecorestoinsureproperfilling;
• Option:Unitcorescanbefilledwithgravelbutmustbewellcompacted.
• MiraStoneTM12inchdeepcapunitscanbeusedasastairtread;
• Option:Pavers,PatioSlabsorNaturalStonecanalsobeusedasastairtread.
StairReturnsWallsNearVertical
1.5”Overhang
12”(300mm)Tread
6”(150mm)Riser
ConcreteAdhesive
StairTreadCaps
Step 7: Stair Treads
Step 6: Concrete Core StepsStair Details
ConcreteCoreFillAllStepUnits
3”(76mm)Cap
• The12inchcapwilloverhangthestepunitsbyapproximately1.5inchoneachstep;
• Theriserwillbeafull6inchesusingtheaboveinstallation;
• Properlysecurethecapunitsusingaconcreteadhesive;
• Makesureallunitsarefreeofdirtandstonesbeforeinstalling;
• Placeabeadofadhesivebetweeneachjointofthecaps.6"Riserx12"Tread
• Lowerriserscanbemadesuchas6”or7”byloweringtheburiedunits1to2inchesbelowthetopofthebackwardburiedunit;
• Largertreadscanbecreatedbymovingtheburiedunitsbackofftheforwardstepcourse3to4inchestocreatea15to16inchtread;
• Avarietyofriserheightsandtreadlengthscanbecreatedtosuityourproject.
ConcreteCoreFillAllStepUnits
BackwardsBuriedUnits
ConcreteBetweenUnits
1.5”Overhang
Step 9: Lower Step Risers
Step 8: 8” Riser Cross SectionStair Details
12”(300mm)Tread
15”(380mm)Tread
6”(150mm)Riser
6”(150mm)Riser
6"Riserx15"Tread
MiraStone™ Pillar Details
illars add a finishing touch of elegance to any MiraStoneTM wall project. They can be used to create distinguished entranceways to any residence or business and the unit’s hollow cores greatly simplify the placement of lighting in the pillars. This section provides simple instructions for the creation of a 27" pillar.
note: Bolded installation terms are defined in our online glossary at: www.cornerstonewallsolutions.com
• CompletethepillarwithaPillarCap;
• SecurethePillarCapwithaconcreteadhesive*Pillar cap approximately 32” (508mm) .
• PlacesecondcourseoftheMiraStoneTM90°Cornerunitsdirectlyontopofthefirstcourse;
• Flipandturnthesecondcoursecornerunitsupsidedowntocreateanoverlappingbond;
• ClearCrushDrainGravel (AngularAggregatesfreeoffines)shouldbeplacedinthecoresandmiddleofpillar(concretecorefillingoptional)useadryconcretemixtopreventleachingofcement;
• ConcreteAdhesiveshouldbeappliedtoallunitstoensurecoursetocourseinterlock.
LevelingPad
BaseStablizationFabric
ConcreteAdhesive
27”
27”
• RepeatStep1andStep2untildesiredheightofpillarhasbeenreached.
PillarCap32”
FlipandTurn
OverlappingBondsonEachCourse
GravelFilledCores
• ExcavateandprepareyourSubBaseLevelingPad;
• Installlevelingpadofwellgradedgravel(alsoknownasroadbaseaggregates)aminimumof8"(200mm)thickand40"(1000mm)square.Compactto95%standardproctordensity
• Installthefirst4cornerunitsperpendicularandsquaretoeachother;
• Ensurefirstbasecourseislevelandsquaretocenterofpad;
• Burythefirstcoursecompletelyforstability.
Compactto95%StandardProctorDensity
SubBaseLevelingPad14”BelowFinishedGrade
MiraStoneTM 8”90°CornerUnit :6"Heightx18"Widthx9"Depth(152Hx457Wx229mmD)
Weight:65lbs(29kgs)
Step 3: Additional Course
Step 2: Second Course
Step 1: Leveling Pad27" Pillar
Step 4: Completion
Estimating Charts
he soil friction angle in these charts is used to calculate the pressure soil will have on a MiraStoneTM Geogrid reinforced wall. This guide outlines 26, 30 & 34 degree friction angle soil types. Additionally, three different top-of-wall load conditions are used in each of the soil types i.e. no surcharge load, 100 psf load and a 4 to 1 slope.
The assumed weight for the three soil types is approximately 120 lb/ft3 (19kN/m3). A well graded gravel
leveling pad with a minimum of 1 (6”) unit of burial is assumed for base sliding resistance. All sub base,
leveling pad and backfill materials should be compacted to a minimum of 95% Standard Proctor.
The MiraStone™ concrete SecureLug has a built in batter or set back of 4.5 degrees or 1”/vertical foot
of wall. For more specific soil analysis refer to ourwebsite, or consult a qualified engineer.
These preliminary design charts are used by owner, designer, architect and installer to calculate
construction cost only and are not for construction purposes. A qualified engineer should be consulted
for a final construction design.
Geogridsaremeshestypicallymadeofaregularpatternoftensileelementsusuallymadeofafairlyrigidtypeofplastic.Theseareusedtostrengthenfillmaterialsingeotechnicalapplications.Theyprovideincreasedshearstrengthbetweensoilstratainterfaces.Theirtensilestrengthcanpreventordecreasethedegreeofdifferentialsettlementinsomeapplicationssuchasbeneathstructuresorroadsbytransmittingtheloadoverabroaderareaofsoil,therebydiminishingtheverticalstress—andsubsequentcompression—inthesoil.
Geogrid Reinforced Cross Section
by CORNERSTONE®MiraStone™
FrogStoneCase A & B
FrogStoneCase E
4’0”
4’3” 4’0”
5’0”
4’3”
4’3”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
7’0”
4’3”
4’0”
5’0”
4’0”
4’3”
5’9”
4’3”
4’6”
6’6”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
8’0”
5’3”
4’0”
4’3”
4’0”
4’3”
5’6”
4’9”
5’0”
6’6”
5’9”
5’9”
6’3”
7’9”
4’9”
ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.000 0.472 0.917 1.000 1.583 2.694 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 9.75 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75
FrogStoneCase A & B
FrogStoneCase E
4’0”
4’3” 4’0”
5’0”
4’3”
4’3”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
7’0”
4’3”
4’0”
5’0”
4’0”
4’3”
5’9”
4’3”
4’6”
6’6”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
8’0”
5’3”
4’0”
4’3”
4’0”
4’3”
5’6”
4’9”
5’0”
6’6”
5’9”
5’9”
6’3”
7’9”
4’9”
ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.444 0.556 1.028 1.111 1.694 2.806 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 9.75 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75
FrogStoneCase A & B
FrogStoneCase E
4’0”
4’3” 4’0”
5’0”
4’3”
4’3”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
7’0”
4’3”
4’0”
5’0”
4’0”
4’3”
5’9”
4’3”
4’6”
6’6”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
8’0”
5’3”
4’0”
4’3”
4’0”
4’3”
5’6”
4’9”
5’0”
6’6”
5’9”
5’9”
6’3”
7’9”
4’9”
ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.444 0.472 0.972 1.083 1.806 2.833 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 10.50 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION • FOR PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION ONLYTheabovechartsareintendedforpreliminaryestimationonlyandalldesignsmustbereviewedbyaprofessionalengineer.Useofthechartsarethesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.CornerStoneWallSolutionsInc.assumesnoliabilityforimproperuseofthecharts.
Case A: Flat At Top & Bottom Of Wall - No Surcharge26° Soil
Case B: Flat At Top & Bottom Of Wall - 100 PSf Surcharge
Case C: 4/1 Slope at Top- flat Bottom
High Plastic Silts and Clays
ApproximateEquivalentGeogrids:SRW:3Series,Strata:SG150,Synteen:SF20,Mirafi:2XT,Tensar:BX1200,Luckenhaus/Raugrid:3/3-20,Huesker/Fortrac:35/20-20
FrogStoneCase A & B
FrogStoneCase E
4’0”
4’0” 4’0”
4’6”
4’3”
4’3”
5’0”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’3”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
5’0”
4’3”
4’3”
5’6”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’9”
4’3”
4’0”
4’0” 4’0”
4’9”
4’3”
4’3”
5’6”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’9”
4’0”
ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.000 0.444 0.889 0.944 1.500 2.611 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 9.75 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75
FrogStoneCase A & B
FrogStoneCase E
4’0”
4’0” 4’0”
4’6”
4’3”
4’3”
5’0”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’3”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
5’0”
4’3”
4’3”
5’6”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’9”
4’3”
4’0”
4’0” 4’0”
4’9”
4’3”
4’3”
5’6”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’9”
4’0”
ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.444 0.444 0.917 1.000 1.556 2.667 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 9.75 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75
FrogStoneCase A & B
FrogStoneCase E
4’0”
4’0” 4’0”
4’6”
4’3”
4’3”
5’0”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’3”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
5’0”
4’3”
4’3”
5’6”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’9”
4’3”
4’0”
4’0” 4’0”
4’9”
4’3”
4’3”
5’6”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’9”
4’0”
ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.000 0.444 0.889 0.972 1.556 2.667 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 9.75 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75
Case A: Flat At Top & Bottom Of Wall - No Surcharge30° Soil
Sandy Silts and Clays
Case B: Flat At Top & Bottom Of Wall - 100 PSf Surcharge
Case C: 4/1 Slope at Top- flat Bottom
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION • FOR PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION ONLYTheabovechartsareintendedforpreliminaryestimationonlyandalldesignsmustbereviewedbyaprofessionalengineer.
Useofthechartsarethesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.CornerStoneWallSolutionsInc.assumesnoliabilityforimproperuseofthecharts.
ApproximateEquivalentGeogrids:SRW:3Series,Strata:SG150,Synteen:SF20,Mirafi:2XT,Tensar:BX1200,Luckenhaus/Raugrid:3/3-20,Huesker/Fortrac:35/20-20
FrogStoneCase A & B
FrogStoneCase E
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’3”
4’3”
4’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’3”
4’3”
4’3”
4’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0” 4’0”
4’3”
4’3”
4’3”
5’0”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’3”
4’0”
ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.000 0.000 0.889 0.889 1.472 2.556 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 9.75 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75
FrogStoneCase A & B
FrogStoneCase E
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’3”
4’3”
4’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’3”
4’3”
4’3”
4’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0” 4’0”
4’3”
4’3”
4’3”
5’0”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’3”
4’0”
ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.444 0.444 0.889 0.917 1.472 2.583 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 9.75 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75
FrogStoneCase A & B
FrogStoneCase E
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’3”
4’3”
4’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’3”
4’3”
4’3”
4’9”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’0”
4’0”
4’0”
4’0” 4’0”
4’3”
4’3”
4’3”
5’0”
5’9”
5’9”
5’9”
6’3”
4’0”
ExposedHgtwo/cap 2'0" 3'0" 4'0" 5'0" 6'0" 8'0" GridSqYdperLnFt 0.000 0.444 0.889 0.917 1.500 2.611 #BlockperLnFt 3.75 5.25 6.75 8.25 9.75 12.75 #CapperLnFt .75 .75 .75 .75 .75 .75
Case A: Flat At Top & Bottom Of Wall - No Surcharge34° Soil
Sandy Gravel
Case B: Flat At Top & Bottom Of Wall - 100 PSf Surcharge
Case C: 4/1 Slope at Top- flat Bottom
DO NOT USE FOR CONSTRUCTION • FOR PRELIMINARY ESTIMATION ONLYTheabovechartsareintendedforpreliminaryestimationonlyandalldesignsmustbereviewedbyaprofessionalengineer.Useofthechartsarethesoleresponsibilityoftheuser.CornerStoneWallSolutionsInc.assumesnoliabilityforimproperuseofthecharts.
ApproximateEquivalentGeogrids:SRW:3Series,Strata:SG150,Synteen:SF20,Mirafi:2XT,Tensar:BX1200,Luckenhaus/Raugrid:3/3-20,Huesker/Fortrac:35/20-20
» cornerstonewallsolutions.com
WALL SOLUTIONSCornerStone® a DDr eSS:
Cornerstone® Wall Solutions Inc.
803-1625 Manitoba Street • Vancouver, BC
V5Y 0B8 • Canada
phone & em a il:
Toll Free: 1-800-939-9193
Phone: 604-939-7999
Email: [email protected]