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ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES APPLIED FROM THE ATOM TO THE UNIVERSE

WITH TRANSMUTATION OF NITROGEN 14 INTO CARBON 14

AS AN EXAMPLE

by Bob Beckwith and Drew Craig

Six well known orthogonal dimensions are used routinely by

electrical engineers. The six dimensions of engineering consist of

the three dimensions of Euclidean space x, y, and z as shown in

Fig. 1, the time dimension T as shown in Fig. 2, the electric field

E as shown in Fig. 3, and the magnetic field B. By extending the

force model outward we find explanations extending from the effect

called gravity here on Earth to the structure of the universe. By

defining divided space as differentiated from universal space we

find a foundation for levitation, teleportation and time travel.

It is the educated as well as the practical experience of

engineers that effects in each of these dimensions are independent

of the other five, i.e. the six dimensions are orthogonal. It is

well known to electrical engineers how a motor works. It turns, a

time function, through some three dimensional positions, using

forces produced by the interaction of the E and B fields. It is

known that these forces are analog in nature which, however are

often conveniently quantized for analytical analysis into force

lines of a chosen quanta of force.

There is no reason known to engineers for the effects of the

six fields to cease to function at some very small space dimension.

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We therefore hold that there is no lower dimensional limit for the

application of these fundamental principles of engineering.

Taking our engineering approach to the macro universe we

hypothesize far force lines pulling all neutrons and protons of the

universe together thus forming a force model of the universe. The

result of the pull of all of the atoms of ones body (or any other

object) and all of the atoms of the earth creates the effect that

we call gravity. We do not believe that gravity otherwise exists.

Aether consists of far force lines between all atoms of

universal space. Aether therefore has a density of the total

number of lines in all directions per cubic volume of space, say in

lines per cubic centimeter. Aether is a variable, being highest

when holding solids together, of moderate magnitude within

superclusters and zero in dark voids.

Fig. 4 shows an electromagnetic wave packet which travels

along a far force line much as a wave will travel along a rope tied

solidly at one end when an end you are holding is moved. As the

density of the aether approaches zero, the electromagnetic wave

travels at the speed of light. When an atom travels rapidly along

force lines to which is connected it too can achieve speeds

approaching the speed of light when the aether density approaches

zero.

We further hypothesize near lines of negative force projecting

from all neutrons and protons to hold each other apart so as to

prevent them from annihilating each other. These near forces fall

off to zero at some rate. Readers are free to assign any functions

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of force vs distance they prefer for near and far force lines

should they choose to follow our hypotheses further.

As to the time dimension, we can not accept a physical

universe with five dimensions going from plus to minus infinity but

with the time dimension starting at a point to convenience

mathematicians in our lifetime here on earth and their big bang

theory. We believe otherwise that time also goes from plus to

minus infinity with an infinite number of universes collapsing and

rebanging chaotically as shown in Fig. 2. Our universes have

always been here!

To explore the concept of a universe that has always been here

we suggest modeling a chaotic collapse of our present universe.

Perhaps black holes first consist of super dense material held

together with the far force lines hypothesized herein. As they

grow larger the near force lines may be overcome and energy

released as atoms annihilate each other. Our universe may collapse

as black holes combine releasing the energy of the physical

universe. When the energy at a core exceeds the pressure of

collapsing matter, another big bang starts much like the single big

bang now in vogue. The major difference may be that the big bang

starts before all the material is in. Information about the

universe may then survive to guide the formation of a new universe

in the model of all previous universes.

Fig. 3 shows the E plane with isoelectroniums 6 found at -2

position, electrons 7 at -1 position, neutrons 8 at the zero point,

protons 9 at the +1 position and alpha particles at the +2

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position.

Note that alpha particles consist of two neutrons and two

protons having a net charge of +2. Isoelectroniums have been

theorized by Dr. Rogerro Santilli as consisting of two tightly

bound electrons.

The +2 position may also represent the position of a tightly

bound pair of protrons should such pairs exist as the dual of

isoelectroniums. Compacted matter may be possible with infinite

combinations of electrons and neutrons at an integral series of +

and - points along Fig. 3. Again it seems reasonable that the

dimension of Fig. 3 should go from plus to minus infinity.

Fig. 5 is a two dimensional representation of the far force

lines of universal space. Fig. 6 shows a ball of divided space.

We contend that once formed, divided space can travel through

universal space at infinite speed. Divided space is then the

foundation for the levitation/teleportation/time travel (LTT)

phenomena.

Magnetic levitation was first demonstrated at Nottingham

University by Dr. Peter Main on April 13, 1997. Main’s experiment

was verified at the National High Magnetic Laboratory at Florida

State University on about December 1, 1997. In these experiments

it was shown that objects of any nature (including frogs) can be

levitated by use of a high magnetic field. In our simple

explanation, when experimentally applied magnetic field force lines

exceed the strength of the far force lines between objects and the

earth then objects of any nature used in the experiment levitate.

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The dark voids cannot be seen for the simple fact that there

are no force lines along which electromagnetic waves such as

photons of light can travel. When we look at dark voids we are

looking outside of the universe! There is nothing there.

Should there be an atom in a dark void it would be pulled into

the universe at infinite speed, there being no continuous force

line along which it must travel at the limiting speed of light.

The outer limit of the universe is therefore unstable, at any

surface the universe must be either expanding or contracting. This

implies a universe having a jagged hyper active outer boundary

having anything other than a simple expanding bubble structure.

An article in Science, 288:2121,2000, describes the phenomenon

called “the fingers of God” because galaxies seem to line up in

filaments pointing at us. Our far force hypothesis indicates that

this same pointing effect will be seen from any point in the

universe as a result of the variable aether density. The fingers

point at anyone in the universe looking at them!

If the direction that light travels is taken as the definition

of a straight line then simple Euclidean geometry cannot be

extended to the superclusters and dark voids. This complicates our

view of the universe to say the least. It appears that it may be

impossible to describe the universe in only three dimensions!

The authors hold that neutrons and protons differ in their

energy content. Energy must therefore be added to one proton in

the nucleus of a N14 atom in order to convert it into to a neutron

thus changing the atom to C14. This conversion then releases a

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non-energetic valence electron. This source of the electron

replaces older theories that the electron comes from the nucleus

and resolves the difficult explanation of how the electron gets out

of the atom.

Let us look at comparisons of properties of N14 and C14:

Nitrogen 14 Carbon 14

Atomic weights

14.00307401 (Ref. 1, p11-43) 14.00324199 (Ref. 1, p11-42)

Spin 0 +1

Atomic number 6 7

Protons 7 6

Neutrons 7 8

Inner electrons 2 2

Outer electrons 5 4

As we go down the table we see features of the process of

transmuting from one nitrogen 14 atom to one carbon 14 atom. It is

clear that it is necessary to convert one proton into a neutron.

It is useful to observe the conservation of energy in the

overall process of adding energy for transmutation of nitrogen 14

into carbon 14 and with the release of energy with the eventual

decay of C14 back into N14:

1) Nuclear masses:

C14 = 14.003241982 Atomic Mass Units (AMUs)

N14 = 14.003074002 AMU

2) The difference in AMU is:

C14 - N14 = 0.000167980 = 1.67980-4 AMU

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3) One AMU = 1.6605402-27 kG (Ref. 1, p1-1)

4) The difference in mass is then:

(1.67980-4 AMU)(1.6605402-27) = 2.7893754-31 kG

5) Using E = mc2 the gain in energy of the C14 is:

(2.7893754-31)(2.99792458 * 108)2

= 2.5069656 * 10-14 Joules

6) One electron volt = 1.60217733 10-19 Joules

(Ref. 1, p1-1)

7) The gain in energy in transmutation of one atom of N14

into an atom of C14 is:

(2.5069656 * 10-14)/(1.60217733 * 10-19)

= 156,472 electron volts

8) From the Table of Isotopes the decay mode of C14 back

into N14 yields: (Ref.1, p11-42)

9) 0.15648 meV = 156,480 electron volts

The difference of 8 electron volts between 7) and 9) may be

explainable as representing neutrinos emitted in the decay. The

closeness of the two numbers fulfills the conservation of energy in

the overall process and confirms C14 decay to N14, not to C12 as

popularly believed by some authors.

Beckwith Electric Research is exploring extensions of the

theoretical work contained herein with the purpose of producing

repeatable experiments of interest.

One subject of our research is in developing equipment for

measuring the fundamental component of the Tesla/Schumann (TS)

frequencies of earth resonance. It appears that rotation at the TS

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frequency creates a vortex of the earth’s electromagnetic field

capable of producing divided spaces. This leads to an interest in

Tesla’s work in electromagnetic stimulation of the fundamental TS

component at about 7.32 Hz which he perused for some nine months in

1899 at his Colorado Springs laboratory. Our force model of the

universe may explain results of his experiments and gives us an

incentive to attempt to replicate them.

Research results will be made available as they are obtained

at our web site at beckwithelectric.com/ber

Extension of the principles of engineering into the world of

science yields some surprising implications and is the basis for

this paper. An overall lines of force model of the universe is

presented as extending from the transmutation of one atom into

another to overall phenomena of the universe. This yields

explanations of phenomena that are relatively simple and related to

one another in ways that support this extension of engineering

principles.

As engineers we accept with difficulty the infinite number of

dimensions we are told are used in quantum mechanics to model the

atom. We have no experience to support the concept of an infinite

number of dimensions. Furthermore we read about mathematical

models someimes required wherein electrons are first mysteriously

annihilated and then recreated as they leave the nucleus of an

atom. By assuming only an energy difference between neutrons

and protons and by extending principles of the six dimensions of

engineering inward into the atom we avoid these problems.

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Our engineering hypothese do stand in contradiction with

established phenomena specific explanations. At least one observed

phenomena called “The Fingers of God” is explained whereas no other

has been advanced.

Positive statements are often be used within this paper. We

only wish, however, that these alternate explanations be considered

in comparison to others now in existence.

REFERENCES

1. THE CRC HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, the edition

pages 1-1, 1-4, 11-42, 11-43.

2. Journal of New Energy Vol. 4, No. 1. Rogerro Maria

Santilli, President, The Institute of Basic Research, P.O. Box

1577, Palm Harbor, FL 34682.

FIGURES

Fig. 1 The x, y and z dimensions.

Fig. 2 The time dimension consisting of an infinite

number of exploding and collapsing universes.

Fig. 3 A plot of the electric (E) dimension with locations

for isoelectroniums, electrons, neutrons, protons and alpha

particles.

Fig. 4 An electromagnetic wave packet traveling along a far

force line.

Fig. 5 The far force lines of universal space.

Fig. 6 The force lines of a divided space ball.

BECO\BER\FAS1 © and Printed February 6, 2001

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