KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY

Engineering tools for lithium-ion batteries Development of predictive models for aging and lifetime Maria Varini Göteborg, April 2016

Starting date: 2015-01-01

Ending date: 2019-06-30

Partners in the project: KTH (Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan),

Energimyndigheten

Support (fundings): 9 040 969 kr

Information about the project

The Li-ion battery

High energy density

High specific energy

High power density

Performance requirements

Dominating the market of consumer

electronics

Used/Evaluated for

• Electric vehicles

• Large scale energy storage

T. Kim, J. Park, S. K. Chang, S. Choi, J. H. Riu, H. Song, ”The current move for lithium ion batteries towards the next

phase”, Adv. Energy Mater. 2 (2012), 860 – 872.

Lifetime requirements

Average lifetime for consumer electronics:

3-5 years

Requirements from automotive sector (HEV, BEV, PHEV)

10 -15 years

How to know if the battery meets the requirements?

Relevant for the entire value chain (new battery

chemistries…)

Prediction of battery performance and lifetime

that takes into account

• Operating conditions

• Materials

• Design

Li-ion battery modeling

- Empirical models (fitted to experimental data)

simple construction

fast computational speed

bound to the conditions in which data were collected

- Physics-based models

Parameteres need to be determined from experimental

data.

description of phenomena

accurate prediction

heavy from the computational point of view

high number of parameters required

K. Uddin, A. Picarelli, C. Lyness, N. Taylor, J. Marco, "An Acausal Li-Ion Battery Pack Model for Automotive Applications", Energies 2014, 7(9), 5675-

5700.

H. Lundgren, P. Svenz, H. Ekström, C. Tengstedt, J. Lindström, M. Behm. G. Lindbergh, “Thermal Management of Large-format Prismatic Lithium-Ion

Battery in PHEV Applications”, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 163 (2), A309 – A317 (2016).

Modeling performance and lifetime

Modeling performance and lifetime

• Performance models

• Models of aging processes on a local scale

different causes and interaction between them

Capacity fade/(energy loss)

Impedance rise/(power fade)

difficult to quantify the impact of every process

long term processes

• Integral lifetime prediction models

Current status

• Experimental

data

• Parameterization

Current status

Focus: effect of temperature (10, 25 and 40 dC)

Electrochemical tests

• Li NMC 111 (LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2)

half cell

three electrodes (R.E.)

Current status

Focus: effect of temperature (10, 25 and 40 dC)

Parameters extracted in function of T and SoC

- Diffusion coefficient of Li in Li NMC 111