Chapter 5England Comes to America

John Cabot Born as Giovanni Caboto in Genoa, Italy

Moved to England in 1484, called John Cabot Wanted to find a Westward route to the

Indies Same idea, timeframe as Columbus

Asked Henry VII to fund a trip Henry approved trip, Cabot had to fund himself 18 men set sail on the Matthew 7 week trip Landed on Cape Breton Island▪ Thought it was the Indies

Second Trip

Reported back to England, given funding for second trip 300 men, two ships Sailed coasts of Newfoundland, Nova

Scotia, Maine, and Massachusetts Neither King Henry VII or King Henry

VIII followed up on the discoveries

Francis Drake English privateer

Sent on missions by the British to raid the Spanish Successful

Queen Elizabeth tasked him with sailing around the world Circumnavigation Raid Spanish ships and settlements on the way Sailed with the Golden Hind and 4 others Sailed along/around South America Raided Catholic Churches ▪ Called “El Draco” (the dragon) by the Spaniards

Sailed up the Pacific Coast Crossed the Pacific, through the Indian Ocean, around Africa, and

back to England▪ Ferdinand Magellan had already made this voyage

He was knighted by the queen Led further expeditions against the Spanish

Eventually killed on a raid in 1596

Walter Raleigh

Raleigh sent an expedition to the New World Did not go with it Brought back furs, pearls, and two

Indians▪ Manteo and Wanchese

Named the lands Virginia▪ After Queen Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen ▪ He and the Queen were very close

Roanoke Sent Sir Richard Grenville and Manteo,

along with 108 settlers, to Roanoke Island NC Not a success▪ Arrived too late in year to plant crops

Sir Francis Drake brought colonists back to England

Raleigh thought Roanoke wouldn’t work Wanted settlers to go to Chesapeake Bay Sailors of next expedition landed at Roanoke▪ Refused to go further north

Lost Colony Tried to set up new colony at Roanoke John White to lead colony

Virginia Dare born, first English child born in America

White returned to England for supplies▪ Couldn’t go back to Roanoke for 3 years due to war

with Spain No settlers at Roanoke when he returned

Houses dismantled Word “Croatoan” carved there▪ Name of Island off coast

“Lost Colony”

Raleigh Loses Favor Had a falling out with the Queen

Imprisoned King James I became King of England

Imprisoned Raleigh for 13 more years Sent to New World to try to find gold

Told not to fight with Spanish Got sick, sent men ashore without him They fought with Spanish▪ His son was killed in battle

Returned to England Executed for fighting with Spanish

John Smith Told many stories of his life Served in French army

Fought the Turks alongside the Austrians▪ Made a Captain by the Austrians

Wounded, captured, made a slave As a slave, given as a gift

Woman he was gifted to fell in love with him Given to her brothers for training to fight for

Turkish sultan Killed one of the brothers▪ Escaped Russia to go to England

Jamestown

London Company sent expedition to Virginia Smith was part of the expedition as a

colonist Set up Jamestown

In honor of King James Protected, but built near swampy ground▪ Still faced many Indian attacks

John Smith captured by Algonquin Indians While searching for supplies

Pocahontas John Smith captured by Algonquin

Indians While searching for supplies

Invited to feast by Chief Powhatan About to be beaten by Indians there Saved by Matoaka▪ Chief’s daughter▪ Known as Pocahontas (“playful one”)

Smith released Indians grew friendly with Jamestown

colonists

The Colony Survives Native Americans brought food to colonists

Many colonists had been nobles▪ Were looking for easy wealth, refused to work

John Smith elected one-term governor Forced everyone to work▪ Made many enemies

Some people complained to England that he was harsh on colonists Said he had not sent valuables to England

Sent back to England Right before this he had been injured in a gunpowder

explosion Pocahontas believed he had been killed in it

John Rolfe and Tobacco John Rolfe brought tobacco to Jamestown

British had been paying Spanish much for their tobacco Became primary crop of Jamestown

Rolfe fell in love with Pocahontas Pocahontas had been taken prisoner by English due to war

between English and Powhatan They let her go▪ She said she had been treated well

She was baptized and married Rolfe▪ Ended the war

Pocahontas Took the name Rebecca Son, Thomas Rolfe Went to London▪ Met up with John Smith

Got sick and died at age 22