England tightens control over the

colonies

After the French & Indian After the French & Indian War, Britain wanted to War, Britain wanted to governgovern all its landholdings in North America equally

Parliament began to Parliament began to impose new laws & impose new laws & restrictions restrictions on colonists

After the period of Salutary Neglect, many colonists felt their colonists felt their freedoms were being freedoms were being limitedlimited

Forbid colonists from Forbid colonists from settling west of the settling west of the Appalachian MountainsAppalachian Mountains

England wanted to prevent further conflict with the Natives, especially after Pontiac’s Rebellion

Colonists wanted to move into the fertile valley of the Ohio River and many felt they had earned the right by helping to win the war

England needed troops in the colonies troops in the colonies to enforce restrictions to enforce restrictions the Proclamation.

Quartering Act (1765) Quartering Act (1765) –Required colonists to –Required colonists to house British soldiers house British soldiers & provide them with & provide them with suppliessupplies

Most of the troops were stationed in New York with General Thomas Gage

England had a huge debt from the war, and the quartering act required even more money.

Colonial assemblies had been responsible for creating taxes to support the colonial military

Sugar Act Sugar Act – tax on – tax on sugar, molasses and other products shipped to products shipped to colonies;colonies; included a harsh punishment for harsh punishment for smugglingsmuggling

Many colonial merchants had been trading smuggled goods and reacted angrily to the new enforcement

Colonial leaders criticized Colonial leaders criticized the direct taxation the direct taxation by Parliament

James Otis argued that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies because they had no because they had no direct representation in direct representation in ParliamentParliament

England argued that since colonists benefited from English laws they were subject to be taxed.

Required that all legal & all legal & commercial documents commercial documents have an official stamp have an official stamp showing a tax had been showing a tax had been paid for thempaid for them

Stamp ActStamp Act: new type of : new type of tax tax – not on imported goods, but applied to items within the colonies. directly on colonistsdirectly on colonists

Colonial leaders continued to question the legality of being taxed without representation

Met in New York City; first time colonies met to act together in protest

Created petition to petition to King protesting the King protesting the actact

Declared right to tax the colonies rested with colonial legislatures

Colonial merchants merchants boycotted British goodsboycotted British goods

Colonists formed secret societies to secret societies to oppose British oppose British policiespolicies

Most were people who’s businesses were most affected by the tax

Many groups staged protests against the taxes; some were violent with fires set and tax collectors tarred and feathered

•The protests had an The protests had an effect on British effect on British MerchantsMerchants. They were scared their trade with the colonies would be hurt

•William Pitt agreed with colonists about taxation and representation and criticized the Stamp Act

•Parliament repealed Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766the Stamp Act in 1766

•Declaratory Act (1766) Declaratory Act (1766) – Parliament declared it – Parliament declared it had supreme power over had supreme power over the coloniesthe colonies