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Findings Report: Spring 2010
Englewood Community Nutrition & Physical
Activity Survey
2
April 28, 2010
In the summer of 2009, Teamwork Englewood/Strategy 5 and the Consortium to Lower Obesity in Chicago Children (CLOCC) conducted a survey of Englewood residents. The purpose of the survey was to gather information about the current healthy lifestyle behaviors in children and caregivers. Surveyors asked neighborhood residents for information about weight status, physical activity habits, and nutrition and eating behaviors for themselves and a child in their care. The purpose of this study was (1) to find out how many children and child caregivers are overweight or obese, (2) to provide data to community organizations to use for program design or to apply for funding, and (3) to provide baseline information for future evaluation of community efforts towards child health.
Key FindingsOver half of children and adults in
Englewood are overweight or obese.
Only 4% of caregivers of overweight children identified their child as overweight; only 18% of caregivers of obese children identified their child as overweight.
The percent of overweight among adults increases with amount of time living in Englewood.
Most adults (> 85%) think that obesity is a serious problem for adults and children in the community.
Most adults (68%) do not believe that children in the neighborhood eat well.
Most caregivers (59%) report their children are eating 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily.
Most adults (68%) do not believe that children in the neighborhood get enough exercise.
Most caregivers (91%) report their children meet the recommendation of 1 hour or more of physical activity daily.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Overweight* Obese**
28%29%
48%
15%
Children Adults
Obesity Prevalence in Englewood(n children=173, n adults=192)
*Defined as BMI between 25 - 30 for adults and BMI in the 85th - 94.9th percentile for children.**Defined as BMI over 30 for adults and BMI in the 95th percentile for children.
Introduction
3
MethodsFrom the months of May – August, 2009, local resident surveyors approached adults at various locations around Greater Englewood. The adults were asked if they would like to participate in a survey about their health behaviors and those of a child in their care. Participants had to be the primary caregiver of a child between the ages of 2 and 18 years old and live within the area bordered by 55th St. on the north, 75th St. on the south, the Dan Ryan on the east, and Hamilton Ave. on the west. Participants completed the survey for themselves as well as the survey regarding their child’s behaviors. The adult portion of the survey consisted of 54 questions and the child portion consisted of 36 questions. Specific topics included demographics; weight status and perceptions; nutrition – knowledge, attitudes and behaviors; physical activity – knowledge, attitudes and behaviors; stages of change; and healthy environment – perceived safety, grocery shopping, opportunities for physical activity, and child’s screen time. At the completion of the survey participants received a $15 Target gift card.
Participant Demographics205 adults completed surveys for themselves and a child in their care. Because some children were outside the age range for this study, some surveys were excluded from the final results. The total of completed child surveys used was 191. Almost all of the adults surveyed were Black/African American (97%), as were their children (96%). Seventy-five percent of participants were female, while their children were more evenly split with 56% of children being female. Over half of the adult caregivers were the child’s mother; other common relationships were father (18%), grandparent (9%), and other (13%). The adult participants’ ages ranged from 18-82 with an average of 34 years. The children ranged in age from 2-18 with 42% between the ages of 2-5, 38% between the ages of 6-12, and 20% between the ages of 13-18 years. Household size ranged from 1-12 people, with about half of households having more than 4 people. About half of the respondents had lived in Englewood for less than 5 years.
218Adults Screened
206Eligible and Consented
12 Adults Ineligible:1 had completed health survey in past month
7 were not the primary caregiver of a child 2-184 did not live in designated area
185Completed Child Survey
198Completed Adult Survey14 Completed Child Surveys
Ineligible:child was not between 2 - 18 years old
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Weight Status
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2-5 yrs (n=66) 6-12 yrs (n=66) 13-18 yrs (n=35)
11%
39%76%
20%23%
5%
% Overweight % ObeseChild Weight Status by Age
p < .0001
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
18-39 yrs (n=130 ) 40-59 yrs (n=51) 60+ yrs (n=5)
60%
35%
23%
0%
41%26%
% Overweight % Obese
p < .001
Adult Weight Status by Age
5
Weight Status
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2009-Eng. Sinai-NL* Sinai-Roseland* NYC** U.S.***
16%24%
56%46%48%
16%19%10%18%15%
% Overweight % Obese
Child Weight Status (2-18 years)Comparison with Sinai Survey, NYC
and National Data
*Not age-adjusted **Sinai Improving Community Health Survey, age-adjusted
^ IL BRFSS 2003, age-adjusted ^^ U.S. BRFSS 2006-2008, age-adjusted
0%
15%
30%
45%
60%
Englewood* North Lawndale** Roseland** Chicago^ U.S.^^ U.S. - Black^^
36%26%26%
39%41%31%
% Obese
Adult Weight StatusComparison of 2009 Englewood Survey with Sinai
Survey, Chicago and National Data
* 2-12 yrs **K-5th grade *** NHANES, 2003-2006
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Weight Status
0%
10%
20%
30%
Englewood* Chicago**
4%4%
8.0%8.0%
15.0%16.0%
% Moderate (30-<35)% Severe (35-<40)% Extreme (40+)
Prevalence of Obesity (Moderate, Severe, and Extreme) Among Adults (n=188)
0%
23%
47%
70%
Female (n=140) Male (n=46)
17%
32%
26%30%
% Overweight% Obese
Adult Weight Status by Gender (n=193)
p < .001
Percent of Caregivers who Correctly Identified Their Own Weight Status (n=194)
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Under/Normal Overweight Obese
47%42%
19%
Perception of Weight Status
*Not age-adjusted **Source: BRFSS 2003, age-adjusted
7
Weight Status - Perception of Weight Status
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Underweight About the Right Weight Overweight
8%
73%
19%
Percent of Caregivers Who Identified Their Under/Normal Weight Child’s Weight Status as the Following:
Percent Correct: 92%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Underweight About the Right Weight Overweight
4%
92%
4%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Underweight About the Right Weight Overweight
18%
65%
18%
Percent of Caregivers Who Identified Their Overweight Child’s Weight Status as the Following
Percent Correct: 4%
Percent of Caregivers Who Identified Their Obese Child’s Weight Status as the Following
Percent Correct: 18%
n = 62
n = 80
n = 25
8
Diet and Nutrition Findings - Children
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
2-5 years 6-12 years 13-18 years
39%
65%64%
How Often do You Give the Following
Snacks to Your Child?
% of caregivers who said often
% of caregivers who said sometimes
Combined % often/sometimes
Fresh Fruit 54 42 96
Ice Cream 36 57 94
Fresh Vegetables 53 40 92
Cheese 41 51 92
Cookies 36 55 91
Crackers 40 51 90
Canned Fruit 41 47 88
Dry cereal 47 33 80
Popcorn 30 50 80
Candy 31 48 79
Doughnut/Munchkins 28 50 78
Hot (flaming) chips 36 31 68
Trail Mix 17 35 51
Dried fruit/raisins 20 29 48
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Caregiver < 5 Caregiver 5+
76%
47%
Percent of Children Meeting the Recommendation of Eating 5 Servings of
Fruits & Vegetables Each Day by Age (n=179)
Percent of Children Meeting the Recommendation of Eating 5 Servings of
Fruits & Vegetables Each Day by Caregiver’s Fruit and Vegetable Intake
p < .0001
9
0%
30%
60%
90%
Total Sample 2-5 yrs 6-12 yrs 13-18 yrs
38%
55%
74%60%
p < .005
Percent of Children Who Drink 2 or More Servings of 100% Fruit Juice Per Day -
Overall and by Age
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Total Sample 2-5 yrs 6-12 yrs 13-18 yrs
58%53%55%55%
13%12%
27%19%
29%36%
18%27%
0 servings 1 servings 2 or more servings
Soda and Sweetened Beverage Consumption Overall and by Age(Not Including 100% Fruit Juice)
p < .08
Child’s Weight Status Mean Median Range
Under/Normal 1.6 2.0 0-8
Overweight 1.1 1.0 0-3
Obese 2.0 2.0 0-4
Diet and Nutrition Findings - Children
Mean intake for obese children is significantly greater than for overweight children. No difference with under/normal weight.
Fruit Juice Consumption by Weight Status
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Total Sample2-5 yrs 6-12 yrs 13-18 yrs
60%48%
18%
36%
Percent of Children Who Drink 4 or More Servings of Water Per Day -
Overall and by Age
p < .001
10
Diet and Nutrition Findings - Children
Food Choices Average # of servings
Median # of servings Range of servings
Fruits & Vegetables, not including juice
3.9 4.0 0-14
Fruit, not including juice
1.8 2.0 0-6
Vegetables, not including potatoes
1.5 1.0 0-6
Potatoes, not fried 0.7 0.0 0-4
Potatoes, fried 0.6 0.0 0-4
Fast Food 0.7 1.0 0-4
High Sugar Foods(cookies, doughnuts, pastries, cakes, or popsicles)
2.0 2.0 0-7
Whole milk 2% milk 1% milk p-value
Age of Child2-5 years
6-12 years13-18 years
27.1%41.5%66.7%
72.9%56.6%22.2%
0%1.9%
11.1%
<0.0005
Time in Englewood< 5 Years> 5 Years
26.1%51.5%
71.0%47.0%
2.9%1.5%
<0.005
Age of Caregiver18-30 years> 30 years
29.6%44.9%
70.4%50.7%
0%4.4%
< 0.05
Type of Milk by Age of Child, Time in Englewood, and Age of Parent
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Diet and Nutrition Findings - Adults
Nutrition Knowledge• Out of 11 nutrition knowledge questions, the average score was 75% correct with a median
score of 82% correct and a range of 9% - 100% correct.• Most adults did not know the recommended number of servings of fruits and vegetables they
should have every day.• 21% answered correctly (5-9 servings).• 78% answered incorrectly (1-4 servings).• 1% answered “don’t know.”• The average of the responses was 3.6 servings, with a median of 4 and a range of 1-7.
• The questions most often answered incorrectly were:• About how large is one serving of meat? (Correct Response: A deck of cards)
• 37% answered incorrectly.• Most common incorrect response: “Both your hands” - 20%.
• Which has more fat: one regular size muffin or one slice of wheat bread? (Correct Response: one regular size muffin)• 27% answered incorrectly.
• Which has more fat: pretzels or regular chips? (Correct Response: regular chips)• 27% answered incorrectly.
How Important Is: % Very important % Somewhat important
Combined % very or somewhat important
Choosing a diet with plenty of fruits & veggies?
73 25 98
Maintaining a healthy diet? 70 26 95
Diet and nutrition to you personally?
60 33 93
Eating a variety of foods? 56 36 92
Choosing a diet low in fat? 60 30 89
Eating at least 2 servings of dairy products/day?
53 32 85
Choosing a diet with plenty of breads, cereals, rice, and pasta?
37 32 70
Importance of Diet and Nutrition
12
Diet and Nutrition Findings - Adults
Mean Median Range
Fruits & Vegetables 4.5 4.0 0-14
Fruit, not including juice
1.1 0.6 0-5
100% Fruit Juice 1.2 1.0 0-8
Vegetables, not including potatoes
1.0 0.6 0-5
Green Salad 0.9 0.4 0-7
Potatoes, not fried 0.3 0.3 0-4
Potatoes, fried 0.6 0.3 0-7
Servings of Different Food Items Per Day
Servings of Milk Per WeekWhole Milk 2% Milk 1% or Skim Milk
5 or more 23% 30% 7%
1-4 22% 29% 6%
Less than 1 17% 14% 12%
None 38% 26% 75%
How Often do You Read the Nutrition-Related Information on Food Packages
When Deciding What to Buy?*
0%
13%
25%
38%
50%
Always Sometimes Rarely Never
19%20%
31%29%
*.5% Answered “Don’t Know/Not Sure”
Daily Servings of Fruits and Vegetables (n=197)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
<1 1 to <3 3 to <5 5+
42%
19%
33%
6%
13
Diet and Nutrition Findings - Adults
% Strongly agree
% Agree Combined % strongly agree/agree
I eat more on weekends. 6 33 39
Some people are meant to be overweight. 12 24 36
I eat more when I’m alone than when I eat around others.
10 26 36
If I’m craving food, my body must need it. 5 31 36
With my schedule, it’s impossible to eat right.* 11 23 34
There’s too much stress in my life for me to effectively manage my weight.*
7 20 27
When I’ve done something good, I reward myself with food.
3 22 25
Perceptions About Diet and Barriers to Healthy Eating
*Statistically significant difference by weight status
0%
13%
25%
38%
50%
Overall Under/Normal Overweight Obese
42%
27%
16%
27%
p < .01Percent of Adults Who Agreed or Strongly Agreed with the Statement, “There’s Too Much Stress In My Life for Me to Manage My Weight.”
0%
13%
25%
38%
50%
Overall Under/Normal Overweight Obese
49%
35%
24%34%
Percent of Adults Who Agreed or Strongly Agreed with the Statement, “With My Schedule, it’s Impossible to Eat Right.”
p < .05
14
Diet and Nutrition Findings - Other Factors
Store Options and Food Availability
Most frequently used grocery stores Aldi – 70.2% Food 4 Less – 61.1% Jewel/Osco – 47.0% Moo and Oink – 33.3% Walmart – 28.8% Save A Lot – 22.2%
Where would you most likely get fresh fruits and vegetables? Store mentioned before – 75.3% Farmer’s Market – 9.1% Food Pantry – 8.1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Level of Satisfaction
2%7%
38%53%
Very SatisfiedSomewhat SatisfiedNot Too SatisfiedNot At All Satisfied
Level of Satisfaction with the Selection of Food Items at the Store Where Adults Usually Shop for Food:
Convenience
Knowing how to prepare food
Selection
Price
Meets my tastes/preferences
Meets my family’s tastes/preferences
Quality
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
9%
17%
19%
9%
21%
19%
23%
90%
82%
80%
89%
77%
78%
75%
Very Important Somewhat Important
Factors Influencing Decisions when Eating or Purchasing Food
15
Physical Activity Findings - Children
Active Play Per Day 91% of children participate in active play for more than 1 hour/day. 50% of children participate in active play for more than 4 hours/day.
Screen Time Per Day% 2 hrs or less per
dayMean
(minutes)Median
(minutes)Range
(minutes)
TV Time 32% 215 180 0-600
Video Games/ Computer 62% 146 120 0-600
Total Screen Time 13% 351 300 60-960
Walk or Bike to School 59% of school age children live close enough to their school that they could walk or bike. Of those children that live within walking distance of their school, 80% walk or bike 4-5
days/week. Median days walk = 5 Median days bike = 0
Physical Education Class and Sports Team Participation (n=147) The average school-age child attends physical education class 2 days/week (median=1). 44% of children played on a sports team or participated in some form of organized physical
activity during the previous 12 months.
0%
33%
67%
100%
Overall 2-5 yrs 6-12 yrs 13-18 yrs
76%63%
13%
44%By Age (n=185)
p < .001
0%
33%
67%
100%
Overall Under/NormalOverweight Obese
49%52%
80%63%
By Weight Status for Children 5 Years and Older (n=120)
p = .005
Participation in Organized Physical Activity
16
Physical Activity Findings - Adults
Physical Activity KnowledgeHow much moderate physical activity does an average adult need per day to maintain good health? 60% of respondents answered correctly: 30-60 minutes. 25% of respondents responded 120 minutes (most common incorrect answer).
Statement Correct answer Percent of adults who responded correctly
Regular physical activity can improve your health.
TRUE 99%
Physical activity is as important as diet in helping someone lose weight.
TRUE 95%
It takes a lot of money or expensive equipment to become fit.
FALSE 87%
You have to train like a marathon runner to become more physically fit.
FALSE 87%
Simply walking is strenuous enough to help maintain good health.
TRUE 69%
People who need to lose weight are the only ones who benefit from physical activity.
FALSE 60%
Most people get enough physical activity from their daily routine.
FALSE 39%
17
Physical Activity Findings - Adults
% Strongly agree % Agree Combined % agree/strongly agree
I’ve been thinking about being more physically active, but I just can’t seem to get started.
10 39 49
I am just too tired after work to engage in physical activity.
6 25 31
My usual social activities with family or friends don’t include physical activity.
6 24 30
I don’t have access to jogging trails, swimming pools, bike paths, etc.
5 19 24
My free time during the day is too short to include physical activity.
7 15 22
Physical activity takes too much time away from other commitments – work, family, etc.
5 17 22
I don’t have enough money to be physically active.
6 15 21
I’m embarrassed about how I will look when I engage in physical activity with others.
8 11 19
I don’t like being physically active.
4 15 19
Barriers to Physical Activity
18
Physical Activity Findings - Adults
Screen Time Half of adults spend more than 4 hours watching TV each day. Half of adults spend more than 2 hours using a computer each day.
Physical Activity Behavior 37% meet the CDC’s recommendation of 20
minutes of vigorous or 30 minutes of moderate physical activity 5 or more days per week.
Most common activities: 64% - Walking 28% - Dancing/Aerobics 25% - Basketball 14% - Bicycling 14% - Jogging/Running
Most common locations to exercise or play a sport: 62% - At home 44% - Around the neighborhood 21% - YMCA 21% - Shopping mall 10% - Ogden Park 8% - Salvation Army
1%10%
14%
26%
49%
0 Days 1-2 Days3-4 Days 5-7 DaysDon’t Know
0
1
3
4
Physical Labor (Home/Work) Walk/Bike for Transportation Walk/Bike for Health Walk/Bike for Leisure
1.41.31.7
3.0
Average Hours Spent Physically Active Per Day
On How Many of the Past 7 Days Did You do Any Kind of Physical Activity in a Place Such as a “Y,”
Gym, Etc.?
19
Physical Activity Findings - Other Factors
Community Conditions 93% of adults say there is a “park, playground, or open space” within walking distance of their
home. 82% of adults agree the park/playground walking distance from their house is safe during the
day.
I Would Walk More Often if I Felt Safer in my Community(% Strongly Agree/Agree)
I Feel Comfortable with my Child Playing Outside in my Community(% Strongly Agree/Agree)
p = .03
p = .01
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Overall < 5 years 5 or more years
66%
80%73%
0%
15%
30%
45%
60%
Overall < 5 years 5 or more years
59%
40%
52%
20
This report is brought to you by the Steering Committee for Strategy 5 of the Englewood Quality of Life Plan:
Adam B. Becker, PhD, MPHCLOCC
Joyce BrownEnglewood Food Network
Rev. Gay ChisumAddressing Asthma in Englewood
Anne ClancyHeartland Alliance
Sunday DavisSalvation Army
Doris JonesTeamwork Englewood
Orrin WilliamsGrowing Home
Contact InformationFor more information about programs and resources to address healthy living in Englewood, please contact:
Iona DavisTeamwork Englewood773-602-4507
For more information about the survey or survey results, please contact:
Lara Jaskiewicz, MPH, [email protected]
Sarah Welch, [email protected]
To download a copy of this report, please visit:
www.clocc.net
Eating Right and Being Healthy are as Easy as:
5 Servings of fruits and vegetables a day
4 Servings of water a day
3 Servings of low fat dairy a day
2 Hours or less of screen time a day
1 Hour or more of physical activity a day
Support was provided by: The Chicago Community Trust, Kraft Foods, Michael Reese Health Trust, and The Otho S. A. Sprague Memorial Institute.
