English General

7/30/2019 English General

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AurAllah jisey Chahta hai Izzatdeta hai aur jise Chahta hai zillat deta

hai.(Surah Imran )

ENGLISH GENERAL PORTION :

Part-I: English (weightage = 20%)Vocabulary, Grammar usage, Comprehension

Vocabulary: Well, I have been taking NTS classes for almost a year now and am

accustomed to such types of tests. Nobody can claim to have a complete command over

Vocabulary at all. Therefore, instead of cramming a whole lot of words, I suggest and teach

learning the skill of LEXICOGRAPHY. It enables you to understand the formation and

meaning of words. There are 7-8 very simple techniques of Lexicography which Im sharing

with you all.

LEXICOGRAPHY :

Lexicography focuses on the design, compilation, use and evaluation of general dictionaries.

The edition in the dictionaries takes place on the following basic principles of Word

Formation.

1. Conversion:Definition:

A linguistic process that assigns an already existing word to a newword class ( part of speech ).

This process is also known as a functional shiftorzero derivation.

e.g. 1. The police hared after the thief.

2. You can bank on his talent.

2. Portmanteau wordDefinition:

"Portmanteau word" is used to describe a linguistic blend, namely "a word formed by blending sounds

from two or more distinct words and combining their meanings."

e.g. 1. brunch (breakfast + lunch)

2. motel (motor + hotel)

3. smog (smoke + fog)

4. emoticon ( emotion + Icon )

3. Derivation:Definition:

The process of creating a new word out of one or more old words, either by adding a prefix or suffix or

by compounding.

e.g. ness, ise, ize, ish, ly, al, ify, able, ance, er, en, un, in, im, railway, breakfast


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4. Onomatopoeia:Definition:

Onomatopoeia is a word that phonetically imitates or suggests the source of the sound that it describes.e.g. Meow, roar, chirp, bang.

5. Root:Definition:A word or word element (that is, a morpheme) from which other words grow, usually through the

addition of prefixes and suffixes.e.g. Happy, prison, etc.

6. ETYMOLOGY:

Etymology is the study of thehistoryofwords, their origins, and how their form andmeaninghave

changed over time. By an extension, the term "etymology (of a word)" means the origin of a particular

word.

For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts

about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during earlier periods of their

history and when they entered the languages in question. Etymologists also apply the methods

ofcomparative linguisticsto reconstruct information about languages that are too old for any direct

information to be available.

By analyzing related languages with a technique known as thecomparative method, linguists can makeinferences about their shared parent language and its vocabulary. In this way, word rootshave beenfound that can be traced all the way back to the origin.If you have just a little bit of know-and-how of Etymology then you can easily guess the MOSTPROBABLY right answer instead of banking on mere FLUKE.You will be surprised to know that the realEnglish words are merely 50 % while the remaining are composed with the addition of either a prefix ( theword that is written before the original word. e.g. un, in, im, etc.) and suffix ( the word that is written afterthe original word. e.g. less, ale, ily, etc.)The main thing you need to learn is the root word which gives birth to numerous words.For instance, the word "vid" generally refers to "view". If you know this thing then you can easilyunderstand meanings of the words you have never heard or read before. e.g. video. vision, visual.evidence. and many more such words which will give you the sense of the word.Here again I quote that I had never studied etymology at all but had good common sense of comparingdifferent words and taking out the similarities.

Nothing is easy or difficult to study. All I know is easy to me and vice versa.It also needs one's personal interest as well to develop the skill.Developing the skill of etymology needs your keen observation along with little effort.Another example for etymology is as follows.The words such as spectacle, spectrum, prospect, aspect, spectacular, inspection, inspector, etc, havesome thing in common and that is "spec". So one can easily develop the sense that all these words havemore or less the similar meanings having a common word among them. All have some connection, oneway or the other, with the meaning "VIEW".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_methodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History


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Hence, one can easily guess the meanings of various bizarre words which one comes across duringcomposition paper.

Root, Prefix or Suffix Meaning Examples

a, ac, ad, af, ag,al, an, ap, as, at

to, toward, near, in additionto, by

aside, accompany, adjust, aggression, allocate,annihilate, affix, associate, attend, adverb

a-, an- not, withoutapolitical, atheist, anarchy, anonymous, apathy,aphasia, anemia

ab, abs away from, off absolve, abrupt, absent

-able, -ible Adjective: worth, ability solvable, incredible

acer, acid, acri bitter, sour, sharp acerbic, acidity, acrid, acrimony

act, ag do, act, drive active, react, agent, active, agitate

Acu sharp acute, acupuncture, accurate

-acy, -cy Noun: state or quality privacy, infancy, adequacy, intimacy, supremacy

-ade act, product, sweet drink blockade, lemonade

aer, aero air, atmosphere, aviation aerial, aerosol, aerodrome

ag, agi, ig, act do, move, goagent, agenda, agitate, navigate, ambiguous,action

-ageNoun: activity, or result ofaction

courage, suffrage, shrinkage, tonnage

agri, agro pertaining to fields or soil agriculture, agroindustry

-al Noun: action, result of action referral, disavowal, disposal, festival

-al, -ial, -ical Adjective: quality, relation structural, territorial, categorical

alb, albo white, without pigment albino, albite

ali, allo, alter other alias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego, altruism

alt high, deep altimeter, altitude

am, ami, amor love, like, liking amorous, amiable, amicable, enamoured

ambi both ambidextrous

ambul to walk ambulatory, amble, ambulance, somnambulist

-an Noun: person artisan, guardian, historian, magician

ana, ano up, back, again, anew anode, anagram, anagenetic

-ance, -ence

Noun: action, state, quality or

process

resistance, independence, extravagance,

fraudulence

-ancy, -encyNoun: state, quality orcapacity

vacancy, agency, truancy, latency

andr, andro male, characteristics of men androcentric, android

ang angular angle

anim mind, life, spirit, anger animal, animate, animosity


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ann, annu, enni yearly annual, annual, annuity, anniversary, perrenial

-ant, -entNoun: an agent, somethingthat performs the action

disinfectant, dependent, fragrant

-ant, -ent, -ientAdjective: kind of agent,indication

important, dependent, convenient

ante beforeanterior, anteroom, antebellum, antedate,antecedent antediluvian

anthrop man anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropy

anti, ant against, oppositeantisocial, antiseptic, antithesis, antibody,antinomies, antifreeze, antipathy

anti, antico old antique, antiquated, antiquity

apo, ap, aph away from, detached, formed apology, apocalypse, aphagia

aqu water aqueous

-ar, -aryAdjective: resembling,related to

spectacular, unitary

arch chief, first, rulearchangel, architect, archaic, monarchy,matriarchy, patriarchy, Archeozoic era

-ard, -art Noun: characterized braggart, drunkard, wizard

aster, astr star aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy, astronaut

-ate Noun: state, office, fuction candidate, electorate, delegate

-ate Verb: cause to be graduate, ameliorate, amputate, colligate

-ate Adjective: kind of state inviolate

-ation Noun: action, resulting state specialization, aggravation, alternation

auc, aug, aut to originate, to increase augment , author, augment, auction

aud, audi, aur,aus

to hear, listen audience, audio, audible, auditorium, audiovisual,audition, auricular, ausculate

aug, auc increase augur, augment, auction

aut, auto selfautomobile, automatic, automotive, autograph,autonomous, autoimmune

bar weight, pressure barometer

beon, around, over, about,excessively, make, cause,name, affect

berate, bedeck, bespeak, belittle, beleaguer

belli war rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicose

bene good, well, gentle benefactor, beneficial, benevolent, benediction,beneficiary, benefit

bi, bine two biped, bifurcate, biweekly, bivalve, biannual

bibl, bibli, biblio book bibliophile, bibliography, Bible

bio, bi life biography, biology, biometricsm biome, biosphere

brev short abbreviate, brevity, brief

cad, cap, cas, to take, to seize, to hold receive, deceive, capable, capacious, captive,


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ceiv, cept, capt,cid, cip

accident, capture, occasion, concept, intercept,forceps, except, reciprocate

cad, cas to fall cadaver, cadence, cascade

-cade procession motorcade

calor heat calorie, caloric, calorimetercapit, capt head decapitate, capital, captain, caption

carn flesh carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation, carnal

cat, cata, cath down, with catalogue, category, catheter

caus, caut burn, heat caustic, cauldron, cauterize

cause, cuse, cus cause, motive because, excuse, accusation

ceas, ced, cede,ceed, cess

to go, to yield, move, go,surrender

succeed, proceed, precede, recede, secession,exceed, succession

cent hundred centennial, century, centipede

centr, centri center eccentricity, centrifugal, concentric, eccentric

chrom color chrome, chromosome, polychrome, chromatic

chron timechronology, chronic, chronicle chronometer,anachronism, synchronize

cide, cis, cise to kill, to cut, cut downfratricide, homicide, incision, incision, circumcision,scissors

circum around

circumnavigate, circumflex, circumstance,circumcision, circumference, circumorbital,circumlocution, circumvent, circumscribe,circulatory

cit call, start incite, citation, cite

civ citizen civic, civil, civilian, civilization

clam, claim cry outexclamation, clamor, proclamation, reclamation,acclaim

clin lean, bend decline, aclinic, inclination

clud, clus claus to close, shutinclude, exclude, clause, claustrophobia, enclose,exclusive, reclusive, conclude

co, cog, col, coll,con, com, cor

with, together

cohesiveness, cognate, collaborate, convene,commitment, compress, contemporary, converge,compact, confluence, convenient, concatenate,conjoin, combine, correct

cogn, gnos to knowrecognize, cognizant, diagnose, agnostic,incognito, prognosis

com, con fullycomplete, compel, conscious, condense, confess,confirm

contr, contra,counter

against, oppositecontradict, counteract, contravene, contrary,counterspy, contrapuntal

cord, cor, cardi heart cordial, concord, discord, courage, encourage

corp bodycorporation, corporal punishment, corpse,corpulent, corpus luteum


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cort correct escort, cortage

cosm universe, world cosmos, microcosm, cosmopolitan, cosmonaut

cour, cur, curr,curs

run, course occur, excursion, discourse, courier, course

crat, cracy rule autocrat, aristocrat, theocracy, technocracycre, cresc, cret,crease

grow create, crescent, accretion, increase

crea create creature, recreation, creation

cred believecreed, credo, credence, credit, credulous,incredulous, incredible

cresc, cret,crease, cru

rise, grow crescendo, concrete, increase, decrease, accrue

crit separate, choose critical, criterion, hypocrite

cur, curs runcurrent, concurrent, concur, incur, recur, occur,courier, precursor, cursive

cura care curator, curative, manicure

cycl, cyclo wheel, circle, circular Cyclops, unicycle, bicycle, cyclone, cyclic

de-from, down, away, to do theopposite, reverse, against

detach, deploy, derange, decrease, deodorize,devoid, deflate, degenerate

dec, deca ten, ten times decimal, decade, decalogue, decimate, decathlon

dec, dign suitable decent decorate dignity

dei, div God divinity, divine, deity, divination, deify

dem, demo people, populace, population democracy, demography, demagogue, epidemic

dent, dont tooth dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontal

derm skin, covering hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis, taxidermy

di-, dy- two, twice, double divide, diverge, diglycerides

dia through, across, betweendiameter, diagonal, dialogue dialect, dialectic,diagnosis, diachronic

dic, dict, dit say, speakdictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator, Dictaphone,edict, predict, verdict, contradict, benediction

dis, difnot, opposite of, reverse,separate, deprive of, away

dismiss, differ, disallow, disperse, dissuade, divide,disconnect, disproportion, disrespect, distemper,disarray

dit give credit, audit

doc, doct teach, prove docile, doctor, doctrine, document, dogma,indoctrinate

dominmaster, that which is undercontrol

dominate, dominion, predominant, domain

don give donate, condone

dorm sleep dormant, dormitory

dox thought, opinion, praise orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology


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-drome run, step syndrome, aerodrome, velodrome

duc, duct to lead, pullproduce, abduct, product, transducer, viaduct,aqueduct, induct, deduct, reduce, induce

dura hard, lasting durable, duration, endure

dynam power dynamo, dynamic, dynamite, hydrodynamics

dys-bad, abnormal, difficult,impaired, unfavorable

dysfunctional, dyslexia, dyspathy

e-not, missing, out, fully, away,computer network related

emit, embed, eternal,ether, erase, email, e-tailer

ec- out of, outside echo, eclipse, eclectic, ecesis, ecstasy, exzema

eco-household, environment,relating to ecology oreconomy

ecology, economize, ecospheres, ecomanagement

ecto- outside, external ectomorph, ectoderm, ectoplasm

-ed Verb: past tense dressed, faded, patted, closed, introduced

-edAdjective: having the qualityor characteristics of

winged, moneyed, dogged, tiered

-en Verb: to cause to become lengthen, moisten, sharpen

-en Adjective: material golden, woolen, silken

en-, em-put into, make, provide with,surround with

enamor, embolden, enslave, empower, entangle

-ence, -encyNoun: action or process,quality or state

reference, emergency, dependence, eminence,latency

end- inside, withinendorse, endocardial, endergonic, endoskeleton,endoscope, endogenous

epi- upon, close to, over, after,altered

epicenter, epicarp, epilogue, epigone, epidiorite

equi- equalequidistant, equilateral, equilibrium, equinox,equation, equator

-er, -ier Adjective: comparative better, brighter, sooner, hotter, happier

-er, -orNoun: person or thing thatdoes something

flyer, reporter, player, member, fryer, collector,concentrator

-er, -or Verb: action ponder, dishonor, clamor

erg work, effectenergy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph,ergophobia

-ery

collective qualities, art,

practice, trade, collection,state, condition

snobbery, bakery, geenery, gallery, slavery

-es, -iesNoun: plural of most nounsending in -ch, -s, -sh, -o and-z and some in -f and -y

passes, glasses, ladies, heroes

-es, -iesVerb: third person singularpresent indicative of verbsthat end in -ch, -s, -sh, - and

blesses, hushes, fizzes, defies


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some in -y

-ess female actress, goddess, poetess

-est, -iestAdjective or Adverb:superlative

latest, strongest, luckiest, lyingest

ev-, et- time, age medieval, eternal

ex-out of, away from, lacking,former

exit, exhale, exclusive, exceed, explosion, ex-mayor

exter-, extra-,extro-

outside of, beyondexternal, extrinsic, extraordinary, extrapolate,extraneous, extrovert

fa, fess speak fable, fabulous, fame, famous, confess, profess

fac, fact, fec, fect,fic, fas, fea

do, makedifficult, fashion, feasible, feature, factory, fact,effect, manufacture, amplification, confection

fall, fals deceive fallacy, falsify, fallacious

femto quadrillionth femtosecond

fer bear, carry ferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer, transferfic, feign, fain, fit,feat

shape, make, fashion fiction, faint, feign

fid belief, faith confide, diffident, fidelity

fid, fide, feder faith, trustconfidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity, infidel,federal, confederacy, semper fi

fig shape, form figurem, effigy, figure, figment

fila, fili thread filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibuster

fin end, ended, finished final, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine, define, finale

fix repair, attach fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffix

flex, flect bend flex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility, reflect,deflect,circumflex

flict strike affliction, conflict, inflict

flu, fluc, fluv, flux flowinfluence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently, fluctuate, reflux,influx

-foldAdverb: in a manner of,marked by

fourfold

for, fore before forecast, fortune, foresee

forc, fort strength, strong effort, fort, forte, fortifiable, fortify, forte, fortitude

form shape, resembleform, format, conform, formulate, perform, formal,

formulafract, frag, frai break fracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract, frail

fuge flee subterfuge, refuge, centrifuge

-fulNoun: an amount or quanitythat fills

mouthful

-fulAdjective: having, giving,marked by

fanciful


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fuse pour confuse, transfuse

-fy make, form into falsify, dandify

gam marriage bigamy, monogamy, polygamy

gastr, gastro stomach gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropod

gen kind generous

gen birth, race, producegenesis, genetics, eugenics, genealogy, generate,genetic, antigen, pathogen

geo earth geometry, geography, geocentric, geology

germ vital part germination, germ, germane

gest carry, bear congest, gestation

giga billion gigabyte, gigaflop

gin careful gingerly

gloss, glot tongue glossary, polyglot, epiglottis

glu, glo lump, bond, glue glue, agglutinate, conglomerate

gor to gather, to bring together category, categorize

grad, gress, greeto gather, to bring together,step, go

grade, degree, progress, gradual, graduate, egress

graph, gram, graf write, written, drawgraph, graphic, autograph, photography, graphite,telegram, polygraph, grammar, biography,lithograph, graphic

grat pleasing congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrate

grav heavy, weighty grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitate

greg herd gregarious, congregation, segregate, gregarian

hale, heal make whole, sound inhale, exhale, heal, healthy, healthiness

helio sun heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentric

hema, hemo blood hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia, hemostat

her, here, hes stickadhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent, hereditary,hesitate

hetero other, differentheterodox, heterogeneous, heterosexual,heterodyne

hex, ses, sex six hexagon, hexameter, sestet, sextuplets

homo same homogenize, homosexual, homonym, homophone

hum, human earth, ground, man humus, exhume, humane

hydr, hydra,hydro

waterdehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics,hydrogen, hydrophobia

hyper over, abovehyperactive, hypertensive, hyperbolic,hypersensitive, hyperventilate, hyperkinetic

hypn sleep hypnosis, hypnotherapy

-ia Noun: names, diseases phobia


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-ian, an Noun: related to, one that is pedestrian, human

-iatry Noun: art of healing psychiatry

-ic Adjective: quality, relation generic

-ic, icsNoun: related to the arts and

sciences

arithmetic, economics

-ice Noun: act malice

-ify Verb: cause specify

ignis fire ignite, igneous, ignition

-ileAdjective: having thequalities of

projectile

in, im into, on, near, towards instead, import

in, im, il, ir notillegible, irresolute, inaction, inviolate, innocuous,intractable, innocent, impregnable, impossible,imposter

infra beneath infrared, infrastructure

-ingNoun: material made for,activity, result of an activity

flooring, swimming, building

-ing Verb: present participle depicting

-ing Adjective: activity cohering

inter between, amonginternational, intercept, interject, intermission,internal, intermittent,

intrawithin, during, betweenlayers, underneath

intramural, intranet, intranatal

intro into, within, inward interoffice, introvert, introspection, introduce

-ion Noun: condition or action abduction

-ishAdjective: having thecharacter of

newish

-ismNoun: doctrine, belief, actionor conduct

formalism

-ist Noun: person or member podiatrist

-ite Noun: state or quality graphite

-ity, ty Noun: state or quality lucidity, novelty

-ive Noun: condition native

-ive, -ative, -itiveAdjective: having the quality

of

festive, cooperative, sensitive

-ize Verb: cause fantasize

jac, ject throwreject, eject, project, trajectory, interject, dejected,inject, ejaculate, adjacent

join, junct joinadjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction, injunction,conjunction

judice judge prejudice


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jug, junct, just to join junction, adjust, conjugal

juven young juvenile, rejuvenate

labor work laborious, belabor

lau, lav, lot, lut wash launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilute

lect, leg, lig choose, gather, select, read collect, legible, eligible

leg law legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize

-less Adjective: without, missing motiveless

levi light alleviate, levitate, levity

lex, leag, leg law legal, college, league

liber, liver free liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverance

lide strike collide, nuclide

liter letters literary, literature, literal, alliteration, obliterate

loc, loco place, area location, locally, locality, allocate, locomotion

log, logo, ologyword, study, say, speech,reason, study

catalog, prologue, dialogue, zoology, logo

loqu, locut talk, speak eloquent, loquacious, colloquial, circumlocution

luc, lum, lun, lus,lust

lighttranslucent, luminary, luster, luna, illuminate,illustrate

lude play prelude

-ly Adverb: in the manner of fluently

macr-, macer lean emaciated, meager

magn greatmagnify, magnificent, magnanimous, magnate,magnitude, magnum

main strength, foremost mainstream, mainsail, domain, remain

mal bad, badlymalformation, maladjusted, dismal, malady,malcontent,malfunction, malfeasance, maleficent

man, manu hand, make, domanual, manage, manufacture, manacle,manicure, manifest, maneuver, emancipate,management

mand command mandatory, remand, mandate

mania madness mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromania

mar, mari, mer sea, pool marine, marsh, maritime, mermaid

matri mother matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matron

medihalf, middle, between,halfway

mediate, medieval, Mediterranean, mediocre,medium

mega great, millionmegaphone, megaton, megaflop, megalomaniac,megabyte, megalopolis

mem recall, remembermemo, commemoration, memento, memoir,memorable

ment mind mental, mention


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-ment Noun: condition or result document

meso middle mesomorph, mesoamerica, mesosphere

meta beyond, changemetaphor, metamorphosis, metabolism,metahistorical, metainformation

meter measure meter, voltammeter, barometer, thermometermetr admeasure, apportion metrics, asymmetric, parametric, telemetry

micro small, millionthmicroscope, microfilm, microcard, microwave,micrometer, microvolt

migra wander migrate, emigrant, immigrate

mill, kilo thousand millennium, kilobyte, kiloton

milli thousandth millisecond, milligram, millivolt

min little, small minute, minor, minuscule

mis wrong, bad, badlymisconduct, misinform, misinterpret,mispronounce, misnomer, mistake, misogynist

mit, miss send emit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit, transmit,omit, intermittent, mission, missile

mob, mov, mot move motion, remove, mobile, motor

mon warn, remind monument, admonition, monitor, premonition

mono onemonopoly, monotype, monologue, mononucleosis,monorail, monotheist,

mor, mort mortal, death mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician, mortuary

morph shape, formamorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis,morphology, polymorphic, morpheme, amorphous

multi many, muchmultifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply, multitude,

multipurpose, multinationalnano billionth nanosecond, nanobucks

nasc, nat, gnant,nai

to be born nascent, native, pregnant, naive

nat, nasc to be from, to spring forth innate, natal, native, renaissance

neo newNeolithic, nuveau riche, neologism, neophyte,neonate

-nessNoun: state, condition,quality

kindness

neur nerve neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural, neurotic

nom law, order autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy, economynom, nym name nominate, synonym

nomen, nomin name nomenclature, nominate, ignominious

non nine nonagon

non not nonferrous, nonsense, nonabrasive, nondescript

nov new novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovate


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nox, noc night nocturnal, equinox, noctilucent

numer number numeral, numeration, enumerate, innumerable

numisma coin numismatics

ob, oc, of, op toward, against, in the way oppose, occur, offer, obtain

oct eight octopus, octagon, octogenarian, octave

oligo few, little Oligocene, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic, oligarchy

omni all, every omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, omnivorous

onym name anonymous, pseudonym, antonym, synonym

oper work operate, cooperate, opus

-or Noun: condition or activity valor, honor, humor, minor

ortho straight, correct orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic, unorthodox

-ory Noun: place for, serves for territory, rectory

-ous, -eous, -ose,

-ious

Adjective: having the quality

of, relating toadventurous, courageous, verbose, fractious

over excessive, above overwork, overall, overwork

pac peace pacifist, pacify, pacific ocean

pair, pare arrange, assemblage, two repair, impair, compare, prepare

paleo oldPaleozoic, Paleolithic, paleomagnetism,paleopsychology

pan allPan-American, pan-African, panacea,pandemonium (place of all the demons),

para besideparadox, paraprofessional, paramedic, paraphrase,parachute

pat, pass, path feel, suffer patient, passion, sympathy, pathology

pater, patr father paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron, patronize

path, pathy feeling, suffering pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy, telepathy

ped, pod footpedal, impede, pedestrian, centipede, tripod,podiatry, antipode, podium

pedo child orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatrics

pel, puls drive, push, urgecompel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse, impulse,pulsate, compulsory, expulsion, repulsive

pend, pens, pond hang, weighpendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage,pensive, append

per through, intensive persecute, permit, perspire, perforate, persuade

peri around periscope, perimeter, perigee, periodontal

phage eat macrophage, bacteriophage

phan, phas, phen,fan, phant, fant

show, make visible phantom, fantasy

phe speak blaspheme, cipher, phenomenon, philosopher


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phil love philosopher, philanthropy, philharmonic, bibliophile

phlegma inflammation phlegm, phlegmatic

phobia, phobos fearphobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia, aquaphobia,ergophobia, homophobia

phon sound telephone, phonics, phonograph, phonetic,homophone, microphone, symphony, euphonious

phot, photo lightphotograph, photoelectric, photogenic,photosynthesis, photon

pico trillionth picofarad, picocurie, picovolt

pict paint, show, draw picture, depict

plac, plais please placid, placebo, placate, complacent

pli, ply fold reply, implicate, ply

plore cry out, wail implore, exploration, deploring

plu, plur, plus more plural, pluralist, plus

pneuma,pneumon

breath pneumatic, pneumonia,

pod foot, feet podiatry, tripod

poli citymetropolis, police, politics, Indianapolis,megalopolis, acropolis

poly many polytheist, polygon, polygamy, polymorphous

pon, pos, pound place, putpostpone, component, opponent, proponent,expose, impose, deposit, posture, position,expound, impound

pop people population, populous, popular

port carry porter, portable, transport, report, export, import,support, transportation

portion part, share portion, proportion

post after, behind postpone, postdate

pot power potential, potentate, impotent

pre, pur before precede

prehendere seize, graspapprehend, comprehend, comprehensive,prehensile

prin, prim, prime firstprimacy, prima donna, primitive, primary, primal,primeval, prince, principal

pro for, foward propel

proto firstprototype, protocol, protagonist, protozoan,Proterozoic, protoindustrial

psych mind, soul psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis

punct point, dotpunctual, punctuation, puncture, acupuncture,punctuation

pute think dispute, computer


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quat, quad four quadrangle, quadruplets

quint, penta fivequintet, quintuplets, pentagon, pentane,pentameter

quip ship equip, equipment

quir, quis, quest,quer seek, ask query, inquire, exquisite, quest

re back, again report, realign, retract, revise, regain

reg, recti straighten regiment, regular, rectify, correct, direct, rectangle

retro backwards retrorocket, retrospect, retrogression, retroactive

ri, ridi, risi laughter deride, ridicule, ridiculous, derision, risible

rog, roga ask prerogative, interrogation, derogatory

rupt break rupture, interrupt, abrupt, disrupt, ruptible

sacr, sanc, secr sacredsacred, sacrosanct, sanction, consecrate,desecrate

salv, salu safe, healthy salvation, salvage, salutation

sanct holysanctify, sanctuary, sanction, sanctimonious,sacrosanct

sat, satis enough satient, saturate, satisfy

sci, scio, scientia know science, conscious, omniscient, cognocienti

scope see, watchtelescope, microscope, kaleidoscope, periscope,stethoscope

scrib, script writescribe, scribble, inscribe, describe, subscribe,prescribe, manuscript

se apart, move away from secede

sect, sec cut intersect, transect, dissect, secant, section

sed, sess, sid sitsediment, session, obsession, possess, preside,president, reside, subside

semi half, partialsemifinal, semiconscious, semiannual,semimonthly, semicircle

sen, scen old, grow old senior, senator, senile, senescence, evanescent

sent, sens feel, thinksentiment, consent, resent, dissent, sentimental,sense, sensation, sensitive, sensory, dissension

sept seven septet, septennial

sequ, secu, sue followsequence, consequence, sequel, subsequent,

prosecute, consecutive, second, ensue, pursue

serv save, serve, keepservant, service, subservient, servitude, preserve,conserve, reservation, deserve, conservation,observe

-ship Noun: status, condition relationship, friendship

sign, signi sign, mark, seal signal, signature, design, insignia, significant

simil, simul like, resembling similar, assimilate, simulate, simulacrum,


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simultaneous

sist, sta, stit stand, withstand, make upassist, insist, persist, circumstance, stamina,status, state, static, stable, stationary, substitute

soci to join, companions sociable, society

sol, solus alone solo, soliloquy, solitaire, solitude, solitary, isolate

solv, solu, solut loosen, explainsolvent, solve, absolve, resolve, soluble, solution,resolution, resolute, dissolute, absolution

somn sleep insomnia, somnambulist

soph wise sophomore (wise fool), philosophy, sophisticated

spec, spect, spi,spic

look, seespecimen, specific, spectator, spectacle, aspect,speculate, inspect, respect, prospect,retrospective, introspective, expect, conspicuous

sper render favorable prosper

sphere ball, sphere sphere, stratosphere, hemisphere, spheroid

spir breath spirit, conspire, inspire, aspire, expire, perspire,respiration

stand, stant, stab,stat, stan, sti, sta,st, stead

stand stature, establish, stance

-ster person mobster, monster

strain, strict,string, stige

bind, pull, draw tightstringent, strict, restrict, constrict, restrain, boaconstrictor

stru, struct, stroy,stry

buildconstrue, structure, construct, instruct, obstruct,destruction, destroy, industry, ministry

sub, suc, suf,

sup, sur, sus

under, below, from, secretly,

instead of

sustain, survive, support, suffice, succeed,submerge, submarine, substandard, subnormal,

subvert

sume, sump take, use, waste consume, assume, sump, presumption

super, supra over, abovesuperior, suprarenal, superscript, supernatural,superimpose, supercede

syn, sym together, at the same time sympathy, synthesis, synchronous, syndicate

tact, tang, tag, tig,ting

touchtactile, contact, intact, intangible, tangible,contagious, contiguous, contingent

tain, ten, tent, tin hold, keep, have retain, continue, content, tenacious

tect, teg cover detect, protect, tegular, tegument

tele distance, far, from afar

telephone, telegraph, telegram, telescope,

television, telephoto, telecast, telepathy, telepathy

tem, tempo timetempo, temporary, extemporaneously,contemporary, pro tem, temporal

ten, tin, tain holdtenacious, tenant, tenure, untenable, detention,retentive, content, pertinent, continent, obstinate,contain, abstain, pertain, detain

tend, tent, tens stretch, straintendency, extend, intend, contend, pretend,superintend, tender, extent, tension, pretense


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tera trillion terabyte, teraflop

term end, boundary, limit exterminate, terminal

terr, terra earth terrain, terrarium, territory, terrestrial

test to bear witness testament, detest, testimony, attest, testify

the, theo God, a god monotheism, polytheism, atheism, theology

therm heatthermometer, theorem, thermal, thermos bottle,thermostat, hypothermia

thesis, thet place, put antithesis, hypothesis, synthesis, epithet

tire draw, pull attire, retire, entire

tom cutatom (not cutable), appendectomy, tonsillectomy,dichotomy, anatomy

tor, tors, tort twisttorture, retort, extort, distort, contort, torsion,tortuous, torturous

tox poison toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin

tract, tra, trai,treat

drag, draw, pull attract, tractor, traction, extract, retract, protract,detract, subtract, contract, intractable

trans across, beyond, changetransform, transoceanic, transmit, transportation,transducer

tri three tripod, triangle, trinity, trilateral

trib pay, bestow tribute, contribute, attribute, retribution, tributary

tribute give contribute, distribute, tributary

turbo disturb turbulent, disturb, turbid, turmoil

typ printtype, prototype, typical, typography, typewriter,typology, typify

ultima last ultimate, ultimatum

umber,umbraticum

shadow umbra, penumbra, (take) umbrage, adumbrate

un not, against, opposite unceasing, unequal

uni oneuniform, unilateral, universal, unity, unanimous,unite, unison, unicorn

-ureNoun: act, condition,process, function

exposure, conjecture, measure

vac emptyvacate, vacuum, evacuate, vacation, vacant,vacuous

vade go evade, invadervale, vali, valu strength, worth equivalent, valiant, validity, evaluate, value, valor

veh, vect to carry vector, vehicle, convection, vehement

ven, vent comeconvene, intervene, venue, convenient, avenue,circumvent, invent, convent, venture, event,advent, prevent

ver, veri true very, aver, verdict, verity, verify, verisimilitude


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verb, verv word verify, veracity, verbalize, verve

vert, vers turn, changeconvert, revert, advertise, versatile, vertigo, invert,reversion, extravert, introvert, diversion, introvert,convertible, reverse, controversy

vi way viable, vibrate, vibrant

vic, vicis change, substitute vicarious, vicar, vicissitude

vict, vinc conquer victor, evict, convict, convince, invincible

vid, vis seevideo, evident, provide, providence, visible, revise,supervise, vista, visit, vision, review, indivisible

viv, vita, vivi alive, liferevive, survive, vivid, vivacious, vitality, vivisection,vital, vitamins, revitalize

voc, voke callvocation, avocation, convocation, invocation,evoke, provoke, revoke, advocate, provocative,vocal

vol will malevolent, benevolent, volunteer, volition

volcan fire volcano, vulcanize, Vulcan

volv, volt, vol turn about, rollrevolve, voluble, voluminous, convolution, revolt,evolution

vor eat greedilyvoracious, carnivorous, herbivorous, omnivorous,devour

-wardAdverb: in a direction ormanner

homeward

-wiseAdverb: in the manner of,with regard to

timewise, clockwise, bitwise

with against withhold, without, withdraw, forthwith

-y

Noun: state, condition, result

of an activity society, victory

-y Adjective: marked by, having hungry, angry, smeary, teary

zo animalzoo (zoological garden), zoology, zodiac,protozoan


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ETYMOLOGY TEST

Question 1:Volcan : ?A. ExplosionB. EarthC. ChangeD. FireE. Territory

Question 2:Trans : ?A. AcrossB. ViewC. Similar

D. WaterE. BAit

Question 3:Trib : ?A. AnimalB. StreetC. HouseD. SolveE. Give

Question 4:

Tox : ?A. VehicleB. TimeC. PoisonD. CleverE. Earth

Question 5:Syn : ?A. AnswerB. StruggleC. Serious

D. SevereE. Same

Question 6:The, Theo : ?A. ParadiseB. RoadC. GodD. Church


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E. Hell

Question 7:Sept : ?A. 4B. 8C. 5D. 2E. 7

Question 8:Sol : ?A. SlimB. SharpC. SwiftD. AmazingE. Alone

Question 9:

Spir : ?A. UnhappyB. AnnoyedC. NotoriousD. BreathE. Powerful

Question 10:Proto : ?A. FirstB. ActC. Surpass

D. ApplyE. Supply

Question 11:Pod : ?A. EarthquakeB. FloodsC. ProductivityD. FootE. Famine

Question 12:Phil : ?

A. ElegyB. EpicC. RoadsD. PortraitE. Love

Question 13:Onym : ?A. Army


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B. HorseC. SpearD. NameE. Helmet

Question 14:Every : ?A. omni-B. octa-C. poly-D. carn-E. anglo-

Question 15:Mort : ?A. deathB. philosophyC. ethicsD. semantics

E. grammar

Question 16:Manu : ?A. attentiveB. automaticC. plutoD. timeE. hand

Question 17:-ist : ?

A. stoveB. personC. pricipalD. burnerE. boss

Question 18:Infra : ?A. SleepB. supriseC. supportD. beneathE. synonym

Question 19:helio : ?A. galaxyB. labyrinthC. planetD. sunE. moon

Question 20:


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demo : ?A. societyB. poepleC. countryD. villageE. surroundings

Question 21:Circum : ?A. PlasmaB. VaporsC. solidD. aroundE. pool

Question 22:bibl : ?A. libraryB. pen

C. laboratoryD. headE. book

Question 23:Bar : ?A. PatientB. WalkC. fatigueD. PressureE. Sleep

Question 24:

Anthrop : ?A. manB. arenaC. warfareD. battleE. sword

Question 25:Arch : ?A. pistolB. alarmC. castleD. rule

E. arrow

Question 26:Carbo : ?A. heatB. coalC. nightD. skyE. Steam


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Question 27:Deci : ?A. thirdB. sixthC. seventhD. tenthE. foirth

Question 28:Cav : ?A. StarsB. DogsC. ChickensD. hollowE. Fish

Question 29:dic : ?

A. CommandB. CrueltyC. SpeakD. StrengthE. Nadir

Question 30:dome : ?A. villageB. countryC. cityD. streetE. house

Question 31:Gyn : ?A. FatherB. SonC. ManD. WomenE. Short

Question 32:Demi : ?A. AcrossB. View

C. SimilarD. WaterE. Half

Question 33:Haemo, Hemo : ?A. AnimalB. BloodC. HouseD. Gas


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E. Plasma

Question 34:Hypno : ?A. VehicleB. TimeC. PoisonD. CleverE. Sleep

Question 35:Lact : ?A. AnswerB. StruggleC. Serious

D. MilkE. Same

Question 36:Leg : ?A. SimpleB. RoadC. GodD. LawE. Thought

Question 37:Lumin : ?A. stopB. light

C. darkD. thunderousE. sky

Question 38:Mar : ?A. SlimB. SeaC. SwiftD. AmazingE. Alone

Question 39:Meta : ?A. UnhappyB. AnnoyedC. NotoriousD. BreathE. Aboves


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Question 40:Myth : ?A. SuddenB. SurpriseC. SurpassD. ApplyE. Story

Question 41:Nema : ?A. SteamB. CrowdC. HairD. FoodE. Famine

Question 42:Nov : ?A. EpicB. Critical

C. RailwayD. NewE. Hatred

Question 43:Oct : ?A. 7B. 4C. 6D. 8E. 9

Question 44:Opt : ?A. eyeB. skinC. headD. shoulderE. feet

Question 45:Ora : ?A. spaceB. sea

C. mouthD. semanticsE. vision

Question 46:Phob : ?A. fareB. automaticC. fair


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D. fearE. hand

Question 47:Pluto : ?A. stoveB. lawC. ruleD. wealthE. boss

Question 48:Sanc : ?A. stimulateB. supriseC. distantD. holyE. synonym

Question 49:

Selen : ?A. galaxyB. labyrinthC. planetD. sunE. moon

Question 50:Somn : ?A. researchB. studyC. countryD. tired

E. sleep


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ANSWERS :

fire

across

givepoison

same

God

7

alone

breath

first

foot

love

name

omni

death

hand

person

beneath

sun

people

around

book

pressure

man

rule

coaltenth

hollow

speak

house

women

half

blood

sleep

milk

law

light

sea

above

story

hair

new

8

eye

mouth


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fear

wealth

holy

moon

sleep


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Grammar usage:

The Grammar portion also comprises the basics of grammar that are not difficult whatsoever.

Nobody can claim to have a complete command over grammar whatsoever. Tere are two

methods of handling this portion of the test.

i. Learn all the English Grammar right from the basic till the endii. Read a good book and listen to the commentaries during matches or even English news. It

will enable you get used to listenibg to Correct English. This very induction of listening to

correct English will enable you find out the grammatical mistakes.

I still remember that even prior to my admission in an English Language Academy, I knew how

to speak correct English. I was able to do so because I was used to listening toCorrecr English

while watching matches on TV or even Cartoons. We have never learnt the Noun, Promoun, Very,

Adjective, etc of our mother tongue, still we are able to trace whenever anyone errs somewhere while

speaking our language. Similarly, if you are used to reading and listening to correct English, you will

surely be able to spot the error you come across.

e.g. Larka apna kaam kar rahi hai.

Now, youll quickly notice the mistake because neither your eyes nor ears are used to such errors.

Similarly, if you are accustomed to listening and reading Correct English, youll quickly be able to spot

the error. Even if you are still not satisfied with it, you may well read the book English Grammar In Use

by Raymond Murphy for better understanding. It is a very good booj that contains loads of exercises.

And nothing can be better for you than PRACTICE.

Here is a test for you to check your Grammar.

CORRECTION EXERCISE

Which of phrases given below each sentence should replace the

phrase printed in bold type to make the grammatically correct?

If the sentence is correct as it is, mark 'E' as the answer.

1. The small child does whatever his father was done.

A. has done B. Did

C. Does D. had done

E.No correction

required

2. You need not come unless you want to.


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A. You don't need to come unless you want to

B. You come only when you want to

C. You come unless you don't want to

D. You needn't come until you don't want to

E. No correction required

3. There are not many men who are so famous that they

are frequently referred to by their short names only

A. Initials B. Signatures

C. Pictures D. middle names

E.No correction

required

4. The man to who I sold my house was a cheat.

A. to whom I sell B. to who I sell

C. who was sold to D. to whom I sold

E.No correction

required

5. They were all shocked at his failure in the competition.

A.were shocked at

allB. had all shocked at

C. had all shocked by D.had been all

shocked on

E.No correction

required

6. I need not offer any explanation regarding this incident -

my behaviour is speaking itself.


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A. will speak to itself B. speaks for itself

C. has been speaking D.speaks about

itself

E.No correction

required

7. He is too important for tolerating any delay.

A. to tolerate B. to tolerating

C. at tolerating D. with tolerating

E.

No correction

required

8. The population of Tokyo is greater

than that of any other town in the

world.

A. greatest among any other

B. greater than all other

C.greater than those of any

other

D. greater than any other


9. The performance of our players was rather worst than I had expected.

A. bad as I had expected B. worse than I had expected

C. worse than expectation D. worst than was expected


10. Why did you not threw the bag away?

A. did you not throw B. had you not threw


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C. did you not thrown D. you did not thrown


11. Shapes of gods and goddess are worshipped by people.

A. Images B. Reflections

C. Clay shapes D. Clay toys


12. In addition to enhanced their reputations through strategic use of philanthropy, companies are

sponsoring social initiatives to open new markets.

A. of enhancing their reputation

B. to having enhance their reputation

C. to enhancing their reputation

D. to have their reputation enhancing


13. The intruder stood quietly for few moments

A. for few time B. for the few moments

C. for moments D. for a few moments


14. The police has so far succeeded in recovering only a part of the stolen property.

A. thus far succeeded for recovery

B. so far succeeded in recovery of

C. as for as succeeded in recovery of

D. so far succeeded to recover


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15. He confidentially asked the crowd if they thought he was right and the crowd shouted that they

did.

A. that he did B. that they had

C. that he is D. that he didn't


16. Why should the candidates be afraid of English Language is not clear.

A. the candidates should be B. do the candidates be

C. should be the candidates D. are the candidates


17. He found the gold coin as he cleans the floor.

A. as he had cleaned B. while he cleans

C. which he is cleaning D. while cleaning


18. He admired the speed with which he completed the work and appreciating the method

adopted by him

A. appreciate the method being adopted

B. appreciated the method adopted

C. appreciate the method of adoption

D. appreciated the method adopting method


19. Maria unnecessarily picked up a quarrel with Rani and left the party hurried.

A. has picked up B. picked on


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C. picked D. picking up


20. She cooks, washes dishes, does her homework and then relaxing.

A. relaxing then B. then is relaxing

C. relaxing is then D. then relaxes


21. Acquisition of certain specific skills can be facilitated from general awareness, education to

novel situations

A. can be facilitated by B. may facilitate through

C. can be felicitated with D. may be felicitated with


22. He never has and ever will take such strong measures.

A. had taken nor will ever take B. had taken and will ever take

C. has and never will take D. had and ever will take


23. Technology must use to feed the forces of change.

A. must be used to feed B. must have been using to feed

C. must use having fed D. must be using to feed


24. Anyone interested in the use of computers can learn much ifyou have access to a personal

computer.

A. they have access B. access can be available

C. he or she has access D. one of them have access


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25. They are not beware ofall the facts

A. are not aware for B. are not aware of

C. are not to be aware D. must not to be aware for


26. We can not always convey ourselves in simple sentences.

A. cannot always convey B. can not always express

C. cannot always express D. can not always communicate


27. What does agonise me most is not this criticism, but the trivial reason behind it.

A. most agonising me B. agonises me most

C. agonising me most D. I most agonised


28. As there was no time, the remaining items were deferred into the next meeting.

A. are deferred till B. were deferred till

C. were deferred to D. had deferred with


29. Despite of their differences on matters of principles, they all agree on the demand of hike is

salary?

A. Despite their B. Despite of the

C. Despite for their D. Despite off their



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30. The man who has committed such a serious crime must get the mostly severepunishment.

A. be getting the mostly severely

B. get the most severe

C. have got the most severely

D. have been getting the severe most


31. For many centuries in Indian History there was no city so famous like the city of Ujjain.

A. as B. such as

C. likewise D. so like


32. We don't know how did the thief made an escape.

A. how the thief did make B. how the thief does make

C. how the thief made D. how was the thief made


33. He is a singer of repute, but his yesterday's performance was quite disappointing.

A. performances of yesterday were

B. yesterday performance was

C. yesterday performance were

D. performances about yesterday were


34. Their earnings are such that they find it difficult to make both ends to meet.

A. to makings both ends meet


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B. to make both ends for meeting

C. to make both ends meet

D. for making both ends to meet


35. He has received no other message than an urgent telegram asking him to rush his

village immediately.

A. asked him to rush his village

B. asking him to have rush his village

C. asking him to rush to his village

D. asking him rushing at his village

E.

No correction required

36. One of the most significant phenomenons of our time has been the development of cinema.

A. phenomenon B. phenomena

C. phenomenonna D. phenomenonns


37. Had you been told me about your problem, I would have helped you.

A. If you would have told B. Had you have told

C. had you told D. If you have told


38. It was until many years later that Gandhi became a rebel against authority.

A. It was not until many years B. It was till many years


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C. It was not many years D. Until It was many years


39. Anand has the guts to rise from the occasion and come out successfully.

A. in rising from B. to raise with

C. to rise to D. to rise against


40. If you are thinking about investigation overseas, isn't it makes sense to find an experience

guide?

A. it is not making B. doesn't it make

C. does it make D. is it making


41. This is one of the most important inventions of this century.

A. invention of this century B. invention of these century

C. invention of centuries D. invention of the centuries


42. The orator had been left the auditorium before the audience stood up.

A. had been leaving B. was left

C. had left D. would leave


43. He dislikes the word dislike, isn't he

A. didn't he B. doesn't he

C. hasn't he D. does he


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44. We must take it granted that Madhu will not come for today's function.

A. take it for granted B. taking it granted

C. took it as granted D. have it granted


45. The research study is an eye-opener and attempts to acquaint us with the problems of poor

nations.

A. attempted to acquaint B. attempts at acquainting

C. attempt to acquaint D. attempting to acquaint


46. It was unanimously resolved that the parties should unitedly undertook launching of popular

programmes.

A. should be united undertook B. should be unitedly undertaken

C. should be unitedly undertake D. should unitedly undertake


47. They continued to work in the field despite of the heavy rains.

A. even though there is heavy rain

B. although heavily rains

C. in spite the heavy rains

D. even though it rained heavily


48. It is always better to make people realise the importance of discipline than to impose them on

it.


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A. impose it with them B. impose them with it

C. imposing them on it D. impose it on them


49. My doctor knew that I would eventually recover and do kind of work I would be doing before

A. would have been doing B. would have done

C. had been done D. had been doing


50. Later he became unpopular because he tried to lord it on his followers.

A. to lord it for B. to lord over

C. to lord it over D. to lord it over on


51. The crops are dying; it must not had rained.

A. must had not B. must not be

C. must not have D. must not have been


52. The courts are actively to safeguard the interests and the rights of the poor.

A. are actively to safeguarding

B. have been actively safeguarding

C. have to active in safeguarding

D. are actively in safeguarding


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53. The drama had many scenes which were so humorous that it was hardly possible to keep a

straight face.

A. hardly possible for keeping

B. hardly impossible for keeping

C. hardly impossible for keep

D. hardly possible keeping


54. Hardly does the sun rise when the stars disappeared.

A. have the sun rose B. had the sun risen

C. did the sun rose D. the sun rose


55. You will be late if you do not leave now

A. did not leave B. left

C. will not leave D. do not happen to leave


56. The train will leave at 8.30 pm, we have been ready by 7.30pm so that, we can reach the station

in time.

A. were B. must be

C. are D. should have


57. All the allegations levelled against him were found to be baseless.


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A. level against B. level with

C. levelling with D. levelled for


58. Ramesh is as tall if not, taller than Mahesh.

A. not as tall but B. not so tall but as

C. as tall as, if not D. as if not


59. He hesitated to listen to what his brother was saying.

A. listened to hesitate B. hesitated listen to

C. hesitates to listening D. is hesitated to listen to


60. The prosecution failed in establish in every case today.

A. to B. on

C. as D. upon


61. One of my drawbacks is that I do not have to tolerance of ambiguity.

A. do not have B. cannot have

C. am not D. did not have to


62. They should have calmly thought ofthe advantages that would accrue to them.


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A. should be heavy fined B. should have heavily fined

C. shall have heavy fine D. should be heavily fined


68. We met him immediately after the session in which he had been given a nice speech.

A. would be giving B. has been given

C. will have given D. had given


69. For some days the new professor lectured above the heads ofhis pupils.

A. over the head of B. over the heads of

C. on the heads of D. through the heds of


70. The accused now flatly denies have admitted his guilt in his first statement.

A. having admitted B. had admitted

C. have been admitting D. has admitting


71. We were still standing in the queue when the film was beginning.

A. film began B. film had begun

C. beginning of the film was over D. film begins


72. If I would have realised the nature of job earlier, I would not have accepted it.


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A. If I have had B. In case I would have

C. Had I been D. Had I


73. The crime has growth rapidly in Russia since the disintegration of the communist system.

A. rapid crime has grown B. crime has grown rapidly

C. crimes grow rapidly D. crimes have been rapidly grown


74. They failed in their attempt to repair the demolished portion of that building.

A. for their attempt to repair B. in their attempting to repair

C. with their attempt to repair D. in their attempt for repairs


75. I earnestly believe that you will visit our relatives during your forthcoming trip to Mumbai.

A. had hardly believe that B. sincerely would believe

C. certainly believing that D. could not believe


76. By such time you finish that chapter, I will write a letter.

A. The time when B. By the time

C. By that time D. The time



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81. Because of his ill health, the doctor has advised him not to refrain from smoking.

A. to not refrain from B. to resort to

C. to refrain from D. to be refrained from


82. They have a scheme of rewarding the best of the performers every year.

A. a best performer B. the best among the performer

C. a best among performer D. the best of the performer


83. What happens to all those travellers on the ship was not known?

A. What happened of B. What happened in

C. What is that happens to D. What happened to


84. Making friends is more rewarding than to make enemies.

A. to be unsociable B. to be sociable

C. being unsociable D. making enemies


85. The moment they saw me, they were delight

A. had delighted B. were delighted

C. are delighted D. have been delighted


86. He should not had done it.


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A. had not B. should had not

C. should not have D. should have


87. No sooner do the bells ring than the curtain rose.

A. did the bell ring B. did the bells ring

C. had the bell rang D. had the bell rung


88. The moment the manager came to know fraudulent action of his assistant, he orderimmediately dismissed him.

A. immediately ordered his dismissed

B. ordered his immediate dismissal

C. immediately order dismissal of his

D. ordered for immediately dismissal of him


89. The meeting was attended to by all invitees.

A. all attended to by B. attended by all

C. fully attended to by D. like attending to all


90. If he has to spend five hours in the queue, it was really a wastage.

A. is a really wastage B. is real a wastage

C. has really a wastage D. is really a wastage



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91. The world has seen small real attempt at population and resource planning.

A. few B. little

C. less D. a few


92. My hair stood off ends when I saw the horrible sight.

A. stood at ends B. stood on ends

C. stood to ends D. stands on ends


93. The long or short of it is that I do not want to deal with that new firm.

A. The long and short of it B. The long and short for it

C. The long or short for it D. The shot and long for it

E.

No correction required

94. Can you tell me why did you not speak the truth?

A. why did not you speak B. that why did you not speak

C. why you did not speak D. why did you not spoke


95. The people generally try to curry favour with the corrupt but influential person.

A. cook favour B. seek favour

C. extract favour D. display favour



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96. I have got some tea, but I do not have a sugar.

A. some B. got

C. more D. any


97. Had I realised how close I was to the edge of the valley, I would not have carried the bags

there.

A. Had I been realised B. If I would have realised

C. When I realised D. Had I had realised


98. Most of the Indian workers are as healthy as, if not healthier than, British workers.

A. as if healthy as not healthier B. healthier but not as healthy

C. as healthy, if not healthier D. so healthy, if not healthier


ANSWERS:

1. C

2. A

3. A

4. D


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47.D

48.D

49.D

50.C

51.C

52.B

53.E

54.B

55.E

56.B

57.E

58.C

59.E

60.A

61.A

62.E

63.A

64.D

65.A

66.B

67.D

68.D

69.B

70.A

71.B

72.A

73.B

74.E

75.E

76.B

77.E

78.C

79.C

80.B

81.C

82.E

83.D

84.D

85.B

86.C

87.B

88.B


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89.B

90.D

91.B

92.B

93.A

94.C

95.E

96.D

97.E

98.E


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Comprehension:

The Comprehension portion simply comprises the paragraph given. It has five questions and

each question contains 5 options. You just have to select the right option. There are certain

technical methods for attempting this question too.

The best techinque for attempting this section would be the Sandwich Method. It means thatyou sandwich the questions between the paragraph.

i. Read The Questions

ii. Read The Paragraph

iii. Read The Questions

Moreoer, try and underline the words that indicate the Interrogative Sense of the questions.

i.e. 5 Ws and 1 H : Why, Where, When, What, Whi, How.

NOTE:

A list of One-word substitution will immensely help you in all the 3 portions of English. Here, I amsharing that list.

ONE-WORD SUBSTITUTION

A person who believes in fate Fatalist

A person who is above hundred years Centenarian

A book published after the death of its author Posthumas

A book written by an unknown author Anonymous

A cinema show which is held in the afternoon Matinee

A citizen of the world CosmopoliteA contagious disease which spreads over a huge area Epidemic

A drug or other substance that induces sleep Soporific

A flesh eating animal Carnivorous

A game in which neither party wins Draw

A game in which no one wins Draw

A game or batter in which neither party wins Drawn/ Tie

A Government by a king or queen Monarchy

A Government by one Autocracy

A Government by the few OligarchyA Government by the Nobles Aristocracy

A Government by the officials Bureaucracy

A Government by the people Democracy

A Government by the rich Plutocracy

A grass eating animal Herbivorous

A great lover of books Bibliophile


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A handwriting that cannot be read Illegible

A land animal that breeds in water Amphibian

A letter, poem etc. whose author is unknown Anonymous

A life history written by oneself Autobiography

A life history written by somebody else BiographyA list of books Catalogue

A list of names, books etc. Catalogue

A loss of damage that cannot be compensated Irreparable

A man devoid of kind feeling and sympathy Callous

A man who has too much enthusiasm for his own religion Fanatic

A man who is easily irritated Irritable

A medicine that kills germs Germicide

A medicine that prevents decomposing Antiseptic

A medicine to counteract the effect of another medicine AntidoteA member of the middle class Bourgeois

A method that cannot be imitated Inimitable

A pardonable offense Venial

A person appointed by parties to settle the disputes between them Arbitrator

A person difficult to please Fastidious

A person liable to be called to account for his action Answerable

A person supported by another and giving him/her nothing in return Parasite

A person who always thinks of himself; somebody who is selfish or self-centered

Egotist

A person who attacks first Aggressor

A person who believes easily whatever he is told Credulous

A person who believes that all events are pre-determined Fatalist

A person who cannot read or write Illiterate

A person who does not believe in the institution of marriage Misogamist

A person who has power over all Omnipotent

A person who hates women Misogynist

A person who imports or exports goods into or from a country secretlybecause they are illegal

Smuggler

A person who knows everything Omniscient

A person who loves every body Altruist

A person who readily believes whatever is told to him/her. Credulous

A person who remains unmoved and unaffected by other people'sopinions, suggestions

Impervious

A person who rides on horse-back Equestrian


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A person who speaks two languages Bilingual

A person with an evil reputation Notorious

A person's peculiar habit Idiosyncrasy

A place where orphans live Orphanage

A place where weapons and ammunitions are stored ArsenalA position for which no salary is paid Honorary

A post held without receiving salary Honorary

A post which doesn Honorary

A remedy which never fails Infallible

A sentence whose meaning is unclear Ambiguous

A short message added on to the end of a letter after the signature Postscript

A shortened form of a word or phrase Abbreviation

A sound that cannot be heard Inaudible

A speech delivered without any previous preparation ExtemporeA speech or a presentation made without previous preparation Extempore

A state of perfect balance Equilibrium

A statement which cannot be understood Incomprehensibl

A study of ancient things Archaeology

A study of animals Zoology

A study of birds Ornithology

A study of derivation of words Etymology

A study of man Anthropology

A study of races Ethnology

A study of the body Physiology

A supposed cure for all diseases or problems Panacea

A thing no longer in use Obsolete

A thing that cannot be seen with human eyes Invisible

A thing that is fit to be eaten Edible

A word opposite in meaning to another Antonym

Absence of government Anarchy

All-powerful; possessing complete power and authority Omnipotent

An absolute government by one man Autocracy

An animal or a human being that eats any kind of food Omnivorous

An animal who preys on other animals Predator

An assembly of hearers at a lecture or concert Audience

An exact copy Facsimile

An office with high salary but no work Sinecure

Anything that leads to death Fatal


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Assembly or parliament in which no party has got clear majority Hung

Sentences Start with Alphabet - B

Belonging or pertaining to an individual from birth Congenital

Belonging to the Middle Ages Medieval

Belonging to the same period of time Contemporary

Sentences Start with Alphabet - C

Celebration of a hundredth year, once Centenary

Cut off the head Behead

Sentences Start with Alphabet - D

Destroy or get rid of something completely Eradicate

Do away with wholly Abolish

Sentences Start with Alphabet - F

Free somebody from blame or guilt ExonerateSentences Start with Alphabet - G

General pardon Amnesty

General pardon for political offenders Amnesty

Government by officials Bureaucracy

Government by the nobles Aristocracy

Government by the officials Bureaucracy

Government by the people Democracy

Sentences Start with Alphabet - H

Handwritten book Manuscript

Hard but liable to be easily broken Brittle

Hater of mankind Misanthropist

Having opposing feelings Ambivalent

Sentences Start with Alphabet - I

Impossible to change Incorrigible

Incapable of being dissolved in a liquid Insoluble

Incapable of being seized by attack Impregnable

Inscription on a tombstone Epitaph

Sentences Start with Alphabet - K

Killer of one Matricide

Sentences Start with Alphabet - L

Liable to be called to account Accountable

Life story of a man written by himself Autobiography


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Life story of a man written by other Biography

Looking into one Introspection

Lover of mankind Philanthropist

Sentences Start with Alphabet - M

Medical examination of a dead body PostmortemMen living in the same age Contemporary

Misappropriation of money Embezzlement

Murder of a father Patricide

Murder of a human being Homicide

Murder of a mother Matricide

Murder of an brother Fratricide

Murder of an infant Infanticide

Murder of self Suicide

Murder of the king RegicideSentences Start with Alphabet - N

Not applicable Irrelevant

Sentences Start with Alphabet - O

Of a man showing feminine attributes Effeminate

Of a man or animal that feeds on its own species Cannibal

Of a person extremely desirous of money Avaricious

of a person who can use both hands equally well Ambidextrous

Of a person who cannot be pleased easily Fastidious

Of a person who easily believes whatever is told to him Credulous

Of animals feeding on flesh Carnivorous

Of animals feeding on grass and plants Herbivorous

Of animals living in flocks Gregarious

Of manners more like those of a woman than a man Effeminate

One incapable of being tired Indefatigable

One who always thinks himself to be ill Valetudinarian

One who believes in fate Fatalist

One who believes in God Theist

One who calculates premium Actuary

One who can do anything for money Mercenary

One who can make himself at home in all countries Cosmopolitan

One who can speak two languages Bilingual

One who can throw his voice Ventriloquist

One who cannot be corrected Incorrigible


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One who cannot read or write Illiterate

One who changes sides Turncoat

One who copies from other writers Plagiarist

One who damages public property Vandal

One who dies without a Will IntestateOne who does not believe in the existence of God Atheist

One who does not care for art, literature etc Philistine

One who does not make mistakes Infallible

One who does something not professionally but for pleasure Amateur

One who doesn't know how to read and write Illiterate

One who doubts the existence of god Agnostic

One who eats too much Glutton

One who feels sympathetic towards human beings Humanitarian

One who goes on foot PedestrianOne who has narrow and prejudiced religious views Bigot

One who has no money Pauper

One who has strange habits Eccentric

One who hates mankind Misanthrope

One who hates women Misogynist

One who helps others Good Samaritan

One who is a newcomer Neophyte

One who is all powerful Omnipotent

One who is difficult to please Fastidious

One who is easily deceived Gullible

One who is fond of sensuous pleasures Epicure

One who is greedy for money Avaricious

One who is indifferent to pleasure or pain Stoic

One who is new to a trade or profession Novice

One who is not easily pleased Fastidious

One who is out to subvert a government Anarchist

One who is present everywhere Omnipresent

One who is qualifies for election Eligible

One who is quite like a woman Effeminate

One who is recovering from illness Convalescent

One who is unable to pay his debts Insolvent

One who is unmarried Celibate

One who knows everything Omniscient

One who knows many languages Polyglot


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One who lives in a foreign country Immigrant

One who looks on the bright side of things Optimist

One who looks on the dark side of things Pessimist

One who loves books Bibliophile

One who loves mankind PhilanthropistOne who makes an official examination of accounts Auditor

One who pretends to be what he is not Hypocrite

One who pursues some art or sport as hobby Amateur

One who questions everything Cynic

One who speaks less Reticent

One who thinks only for oneself, a person who is selfish, self absorbed andself centered

Egoist

One who thinks only of himself Egoist

One who thinks only of welfare of women Feminist

One who works for free Volunteer

Sentences Start with Alphabet - P

People living at the same time Contemporaries

People of noble families or the highest social class Aristocracy

People who work together Colleagues

Person who rides on horse-back Equestrian

Persons living in the same age Contemporaries

Practice of having one wife or husband Monogamy

Practice of having several husbands PolyandryPractice of having several wives Polygamy

Practice of having two wives or husbands Bigamy

Sentences Start with Alphabet - R

Recovering from illness Convalescent

Remarks which do not ally apply to the subject under discussion Irrelevant

Rule by the mob Mobocracy

Sentences Start with Alphabet - S

Science of coins or medals Numismatics

Science of origin of universe Cosmology

Somebody or something with the same name as somebody or somethingelse

Namesake

Somebody who doesn Vegetarian

somebody who eats human flesh Cannibal

Somebody who is considerably experienced in something Veteran


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Somebody who works or serves only for personal profit Mercenary

Something said or done without preparation Extempore

Something that cannot be corrected Incorrigible

Something that cannot be imitated Inimitable

Something that has been determined beforehand ForegoneSomething that is essential and cannot be dispensed with Indispensable

Something that is quickly and easily set on fire and burned Inflammable

Something that quickly catches fire Inflammable

Spoken or done without preparation Extempore

state of antagonism Hostility

Statements open to more than interpretation Ambiguous

Study of environment Ecology

Systematic study of election trends Psephology

Sentences Start with Alphabet - TThat can be eaten Edible

That cannot be altered or withdrawn Irrevocable

That is prohibited by law Illicit

That through which light can partly pass Translucent

That through which light can pass Transparent

That through which light cannot pass Opaque

That which cannot be avoided Inevitable

That which cannot be believed Incredible

That which cannot be changed IrrevocableThat which cannot be conquered Invincible

That which cannot be cured Incurable

That which cannot be defended Indefensible

That which cannot be described Indescribable

That which cannot be explained Inexplicable

That which cannot be hurt Invulnerable

That which cannot be imitated Inimitable

That which cannot be noticed Imperceptible

That which cannot be practiced ImpracticableThat which cannot be put into practice Impracticable

That which cannot be read Illegible

That which cannot be satisfied Insatiable

That which cannot be seen Invisible

That which does not bear the name of the writer Anonymous

That which is against law Illegal


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That which is considered wrong or unacceptable by prevailing socialstandards

Illicit

That which is lawful Legal

That which is not likely to happen Improbable

That which is unlikely to happen Improbable

The act of killing an infant Infanticide

The action of looking back on past time Introspection

The area over which an official has control Jurisdiction

The branch of biology dealing with plant life Botany

The custom of having more than one husband at a time Polyandry

The custom of having more than one wife at a time Polygamy

The first speech made by a person Maiden

The killing of an infant Infanticide

The life story of a man written by himself Autobiography

The murder or murderer of one Fratricide

The period between childhood and adulthood Adolescence

The science which treats with life Biology

To date before the true time Antedate

To explain something mysterious or difficult Elucidate

To free somebody from all blame Exonerate

To give one Delegate

To go down in value Depreciate

To go from bad to worse Deteriorate

To increase the gravity of an offence or the intensity of a disease Aggravate

To increase the speed; to hasten the progress of Accelerate

To lay special stress on Emphasize

To rise in value Appreciate

To root out an evil, disease Eradicate

To take away some one Disenfranchisem

To take somebody away by force and hold him or her prisoner, usually forransom

Kidnap

To transfer one's authority to another Delegate

To turn friends in enemies Alienate

To write under a different name Pseudonym

Sentences Start with Alphabet - V

Very negative person Pessimist

Violating the sanctity of a church Sacrilege

Sentences Start with Alphabet - W


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Water fit for drinking Potable

Without life Inanimate

Without payment Gratis

Words which have the same meaning Synonyms

Words written on the tomb of a person EpitaphWork for which no salary is paid Honorary

Worship of idols Idolatry

Documents

English General