English Language IIUnit 12

Unit 12: Talking About Insurance

insurance – Risk-transfer mechanism that ensures full or partial financial compensation for the loss or damage caused by event(s) beyond the control of the insured party. Under an insurance contract, a party (the insurer) indemnifies the other party (the insured) against a specified amount of loss, occurring from specified eventualities within a specified period, provided a fee called premium is paid. In general insurance, compensation is normally proportionate to the loss incurred, whereas in life insurance usually a fixed sum is paid. Insurance, however, provides protection only against tangible losses. It cannot ensure continuity of business, market share, or customer confidence, and cannot provide knowledge, skills, or resources to resume the operations after disaster. – osiguranje

Unit 12: Vocabularymarine insurance – Coverage against loss of or damage to a ship; and in-transit cargo loss or damage over waterways, land, and air. – pomorsko osiguranje

 

contingency insurance – Secondary insurance cover taken to protect an insured in case the primary insurance cover taken by another party does not respond to the loss for one reason or another. – polisa osiguranja koja pokriva finansijske gubitke koji su rezultat nastanka naznačenog događaja (npr. gubitak dokumentacije)

Unit 12: Vocabularyopen cover insurance – Marine cargo insurance that provides blanket cover against loss or damage to all goods transported by a specific carrier, or by a specific shipper, during a stated period. Under its terms, the insured is required to periodically provide the insurer with the description, quantity, and value of goods shipped during that period. – otvorena polisa; način osiguravanja robe kada vrijednost robe u vrijeme sklapanja ugovora o osiguranju nije poznata (suma se dogovara u vrijeme zaključenja ugovora, a isplaćuje kada je poznata vrijednost robe)

quote the price – to estimate what a cost or price is likely to be – naznačiti, odrediti cijenu

Unit 12: Vocabularyperil /ˈperəl/ - something that is likely to cause injury, pain, harm, or loss : danger – opasnostShe described global warming as “a growing peril.”

 

assurer – osiguravač

 

content /kənˈtɛnt/ - to make (someone) pleased and satisfied : to make (someone) content – sadržavati, zadovoljitiThe toys contented the children, at least for a little while.

jettison /ˈʤɛtəsən/ - to drop (something) from a moving ship, airplane, etc. – baciti u more, odbacitiThe captain gave orders to jettison the cargo.

Future Simple Tense

The structure of the simple future tense is:

Subject + auxiliary verb WILL + main verb

Future Simple TenseHow do we use the Simple Future Tense?

1. No Plan

We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples:

Hold on. I'll get a pen.

We will see what we can do to help you.

Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.

In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking.

We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:

I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.

I think I will have a holiday next year.

I don't think I'll buy that car.

Future Simple Tense

2. Prediction

We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:

It will rain tomorrow.

Who do you think will get the job?

Future Simple Tense

3. Be

When the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:

I'll be in London tomorrow.

I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.

Will you be at work tomorrow?

Personal PronounsPersonal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use them depending on:

number: singular (eg: I) or plural (eg: we)

person: 1st person (eg: I), 2nd person (eg: you) or 3rd person (eg: he)

gender: male (eg: he), female (eg: she) or neuter (eg: it)

case: subject (eg: we) or object (eg: us)

Personal Pronouns

We use personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are talking about. My name is Josef but when I am talking about myself I almost always use "I" or "me", not "Josef". When I am talking direct to you, I almost always use "you", not your name. When I am talking about another person, say John, I may start with "John" but then use "he" or "him". And so on.

Personal Pronouns

number person gender

personal pronouns

subject object

singular

1st male/female I me

2nd male/female you you

3rd

male he him

female she her

neuter it it

plural

1st male/female we us

2nd male/female you you

3rd male/female/neuter they them

Personal PronounsWhen we are talking about a single thing, we almost always use it. However, there are a few exceptions. We may sometimes refer to an animal as he/him or she/her, especially if the animal is domesticated or a pet. Ships (and some other vessels or vehicles) as well as some countries are often treated as female and referred to as she/her. Here are some examples:

This is our dog Rusty. He's an Alsation.

The Titanic was a great ship but she sank on her first voyage.

My first car was a Mini and I treated her like my wife.

Thailand has now opened her border with Cambodia.

Personal PronounsWe often use it to introduce a remark:

It is nice to have a holiday sometimes.

It is important to dress well.

It's difficult to find a job.

Is it normal to see them together?

It didn't take long to walk here.

We also often use it to talk about the weather, temperature, time and distance:

It's raining.

It will probably be hot tomorrow.

Is it nine o'clock yet?

It's 50 kilometres from here to Cambridge.

Possessive PronounsWe use possessive pronouns to refer to a specific person/people or thing/things (the "antecedent") belonging to a person/people (and sometimes belonging to an animal/animals or thing/things).

We use possessive pronouns depending on:

number: singular (eg: mine) or plural (eg: ours)

person: 1st person (eg: mine), 2nd person (eg: yours) or 3rd person (eg: his)

gender: male (his), female (hers)

Possessive Pronounsnumber person gender (of "owner") possessive pronouns

singular

1st male/female mine

2nd male/female yours

3rdmale his

female hers

plural

1st male/female ours

2nd male/female yours

3rd male/female/neuter theirs

Possessive Pronouns Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (subject = My picture)

I like your flowers. Do you like mine? (object = my flowers)

I looked everywhere for your key. I found John's key but I couldn't find yours. (object = your key)

My flowers are dying. Yours are lovely. (subject = Your flowers)

All the essays were good but his was the best. (subject = his essay)

John found his passport but Mary couldn't find hers. (object = her passport)

John found his clothes but Mary couldn't find hers. (object = her clothes)

Here is your car. Ours is over there, where we left it. (subject = Our car)

Your photos are good. Ours are terrible. (subject = Our photos)

Each couple's books are colour-coded. Yours are red. (subject = Your books)

I don't like this family's garden but I like yours. (subject = your garden)

These aren't John and Mary's children. Theirs have black hair. (subject = Their children)

John and Mary don't like your car. Do you like theirs? (object = their car)

Reflexive Pronouns

We use a reflexive pronoun when we want to refer back to the subject of the sentence or clause. Reflexive pronouns end in "-self" (singular) or "-selves" (plural).

Reflexive Pronouns

reflexive pronoun

singularmyselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself

pluralourselvesyourselvesthemselves

Reflexive PronounsNotice that all the above reflexive pronouns can also act as intensive pronouns, but the function and usage are different. An intensive pronoun emphasizes its antecedent.

I made it myself. OR I myself made it.

Have you yourself seen it? OR Have you seen it yourself?

The President himself promised to stop the war.

She spoke to me herself. OR She herself spoke to me.

The exam itself wasn't difficult, but exam room was horrible.

Never mind. We'll do it ourselves.

You yourselves asked us to do it.

They recommend this book even though they themselves have never read it. OR They recommend this book even though they have never read it themselves.