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English language, academic literacies & the interna3onalisa3on of the curriculum nexus Murdoch Interna3onalisa3on Symposium , September 2012 Carmela Briguglio Teaching Fellow OLT

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Page 1: English(language,(academic(literacies(&( the ...embeddingioc.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/2/6/13267518/... · English(language,(academic(literacies(&(the(internaonalisaon(of(the(curriculumnexus

English  language,  academic  literacies  &  the  interna3onalisa3on  of  the  curriculum  nexus  

Murdoch  Interna3onalisa3on  Symposium  ,  September    2012  

Carmela  Briguglio  Teaching  Fellow  OLT  

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Office  for  Learning  &  Teaching  (OLT)  

Support  for  this  ac3vity  has  been  provided  by  the  Australian  Government  Office  for  Learning  &  

Teaching.  

The  views  expressed  in  this  ac3vity  do  not  necessarily  reflect  the  views  of  the  Australian  Government  Office  for  Learning  &  Teaching.  

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Australian  Government  

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Some  terms  /  acronyms  used  

•  ESL/  EAL  (English  as  a  second/addi3onal  language)  

•  L1/  L2  (first/second  language  speakers)    

•  EGL  (English  as  a  global  language)    

•  Academic  literacy/literacies  

•  ALL  staff  –  Academic  Language  &  Learning  specialists  

•  Discipline  specific/  specialist/  technical    language    

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   Overview    

•  The  university  context  of  the  21st  century  

•  Implica3ons  of  interna3onalisa3on    

•  English  as  a  global  language  (EGL)  and  the  implica3ons  for  the  ‘interna3onal’  university  

•  Addressing  the  issues  –  past  &  future    

•  A  mul3-­‐layered  model  of  language  development  provision  (MMLDP)  

•  Conclusion  &  discussion  

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University  context  of  21st  century  

•  Massifica9on  of  ter3ary  educa3on  

•  Interna9onalisa9on    

Both  leading  to  complex  diversity  of  the  student  body              (cultural,  linguis3c,  socio-­‐economic)  

•  Eli3st  view  of  ter3ary  educa3on  vs  massifica3on  -­‐  changing  percep3ons  of  ‘university  educa3on’  

•  Online  and  mul3-­‐modal  delivery  of  ‘instruc3on’    

•  Need  for  everyone  to  develop  intercultural  communica3on  skills      

•  University  educa3on  seen  (rightly)  as  a  gateway  to  a  host  of  benefits  and  life  chances.    

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Student  diversity  in  the  ‘interna3onal’  university  

Worldwide  sta9s9cs  •  Global  mobility  of  students  has  quadrupled  over  last  3  decades  

•  3.3  million  interna3onal  students  all  over  world  in  2010    (OECD)  stats  

Sta9s9cs  in  Australia  •  335,273  or  over  28%  of  uni.  student  popula3on  interna3onal      (2010)  

•  307  TNE  programs    in  1996  grew  to  1002  (2007)  

Sta9s9cs  at  Cur9n  •  6,828  interna3onal  students  in  1999  •  11,313  interna3onal  students  in  2002  

•  19,872  interna3onal  students  (out  of  46,634)  in  2010  

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Many  interna3onal  students  ESL/EAL  

•  S3ll  belief  that  all  we  have  to  do  is  raise  IELTS  levels  and  ter3ary  entrance  scores.      

•  Might  help  adract  “beder”  students  -­‐  but  very,  very  few  of  them.      

•  Minimum  level  of  linguis3c  proficiency  in  language  of  instruc3on  is  absolutely  essen3al  –  otherwise  we  are  being  unethical  and  segng  students  up  to  fail    

•  Under  government  regula3on  and  AUQA/  TEQSA  universi3es  obliged  to  provide  language  and  learning  support.          

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The  ter3ary  context  of  the  21st  century,  means  that  …….  •  English  is  a  global  language  +  language  of  instruc3on    

•  All  students  (local  +  interna3onal)  need  academic  literacy/  literacies    

•  All  students  need  to  be  inducted  into  discipline  discourse  in  area  of  study  

•  Staff  need  to  be  overtly  aware  of  own  discipline  discourse    

•  Lidle  doubt  about  correla3on  between  facility  with  language  and  success  in  ter3ary  studies  

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The  posi3on  of  English,  the  language  of  instruc3on  for  many…..  

 The  way  it  has  turned  out,  English  has  become    a  world  language  in  both  senses  of  the  term,  interna8onal  and  global:  interna8onal  as  a  medium  of  literary  and  other  cultural  life;  global,  as  the  co-­‐genitor  of  the  new  technological  age,  the  age  of  informa8on[…]  That  was  not  the  case  50  years  ago  and  it  may  well  not  be  the  case  50  years  from  now;  but  for  the  moment,  that  is  how  it  is.    

(Halliday,  2003,  216)  

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C  Briguglio  Cur3n  University  Australia   9  

English  as  a  global  language  (EGL)  &  universi3es  

•  The  global  student  =  all  students  •  EGL  means  most  interac3ons  in  future  will  be        

•  L1  -­‐>  L2  •  L2  -­‐>  L2  

•  This  does  not  mean  making  ESL  students  ‘na3ve  speakers’  

•  But  developing  all  students  to  become  beder  at  English  as  a  global  language  (EGL),  i.e.  intercultural  communica3on    

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C  Briguglio  Cur3n  University  Australia   10  

Broader  implica3ons    

In  current  and  future  study  and  work  contexts  means  all  students  need  to:  

–  become  beder  at  nego9a9ng  meaning    

–  develop  accommoda9on  strategies  –  be  able  to  deal  with  different  varie9es  of  English  –  expect  and  be  able  to  cope  with  different  English  accents    –  develop  interpretability  as  well  as  intelligibility  skills  (Candlin  1982,  Scollon  &  Scollon  1995)  

–  develop  intercultural  communica9on  skills  

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Helping  students  to  develop  essen3al  EGL  communica3on  skills  

•  Facilita3ng  the  development  of  EGL  skills  

•  English  proficiency  to  high  levels    •  Cultural  understanding  •  Na3onal/regional  varie3es  of  English  •  Accents  •  Intercultural  communica3on  skills  

C  Briguglio  Cur3n  University  Australia  10/15/12  

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What  has  been  the  Australian  response  to  interna3onalisa3on  of  educa3on?  

Student  support  -­‐  significant  increase  par3cularly  aimed  at  interna3onal  students:  

–  in  the  number  of  units/departments  which  provide  support    

–  number  of    ALL    staff    (around  500  in  Australia)    

–  other  support  services  (psychological,  social  etc.)  

Staff  development  -­‐  compara3vely  lidle  –  Any  exci3ng/  significant  developments  in  this  area  usually  due  to  

commided  individual  academics  

–  Staff  development  &  academe  

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Language  development  in  a  ter3ary  context  –  what  we  need  to  keep  in  mind………..  

•  Entry  level  proficiency  means  just  that  

•  Development  required  for  all  students  

•  Development,  not  remedia9on    

•  EAL  students  have  other  different/  par3cular  needs  

•  What  is  good  teaching  for  EAL  students  is  beFer    teaching  for  all  

•  Development  support  needed  throughout  a  ter3ary  course  (ie  at  all  levels).    

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What  academic  staff  can  do  about  language......  

•  As  teachers,  be  aware  of  how  we  use  language  (especially  in  speech)  

•  Be  aware  of  Australian  idiom  and  how  &  when  we  use  it  

•  Purpose  and  audience  in  all  T  &  L  communica3on  

•  Be  knowledgeable  about  language  needs  of  EAL/ESL    students  –  indeed,  all  students  

•  Be  aware  of  the  language  demands  &  academic  discourse  quali3es  of  our  discipline  

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In  an  “interna3onalised”  university,  staff:  •  Are  knowledgeable  about  other  languages  and  cultures  

•  Have  an  understanding  of  linguis9c  needs  of  interna3onal  students  

•  Make  the  effort  to  understand  different  accents  &  pronounce  names  of  all  students  as  they  should  be  

•  Have  &  update  training  in  intercultural  communica3on  skills  and  interna3onalisa3on  of  curriculum  

•  Teach  a  broad  curriculum  that  includes  interna9onal  perspec9ves  in  all  disciplines  

•  Deliberately  structure  learning  to  promote  the  development  of  intercultural  communica3on  skills  

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Is  embedding  language  development  the  answer?  

What  do  you  understand  by  the  term?  

What  do  you  think  it  means  in  regard  to  providing  students  with  language  development  and  support?  

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A  defini3on  of  embedding  language  development  

Embedding  support  for  language  development  means  providing  a  variety  of  strategies  and  opportuni3es  within  the  curriculum,  from  entry  to  comple3on  of  a  course  of  study,  which  will  enable  all  students  to  con3nue  to  develop  their  linguis3c  proficiency  in  English.  

NB:  curricular  and  extra-­‐curricular  strategies  possible  

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And  at  the  university  level……..  

Have  a  number  of  strategies  and  provisions  that  can  meet  the  complex  variety  of  student  needs    

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A  Mul3-­‐layered  Model  of  Language  Development  Provision  (MMLDP)  

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This  model    

•  Includes  a  variety  of  strategies/methods  

•  Assumes  all  strategies  needed  to  cater  for  the  range  of  student  diversity  &  needs  

•   Allows  for  broadest  coverage  for  student  development  at  all  levels  of  their  course  

•  Requires  staff  development      

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Conclusion  

So………  

•  What  is  your  university  doing  well  already?  

•  What  else  do  we  need  to  do?  

•  What  are  other  universi3es  doing?    

•  Where  do  we  need  to  go  from  here?  

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Feedback  This  is  the  research  area  for  my  OLT  Fellowship  

If  you  wish  to  contact  me  to  discuss  any  issues  or  if  your  ins3tu3on  is  interested  in  some  staff  development,  please  contact  me  as  below:  

Ass.  Prof.  Carmela  Briguglio  

Cur3n  Business  School,  Cur3n  University,  Perth,  Western  Australia  Tel:  08  9266  3079  

Email:  [email protected]  

© Curtin University and OLT 10/15/12 22