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Enhancing 9-1-1Location AccuracyA Panel Discussion – Oct 6, 2015
ROGER HIXSON – NENA
BOB SHERRY – INTRADO
ROGER MARSHALL - TCS
Three Challenges around Wireless E9-1-1 Location
•Call Routing Challenge
•Enhanced (Phase II) Location Challenge
•Indoor Location ChallengeAvoid conflating these: they are distinct!
Call Routing Challenge•Cellsite/Sector based routing is used for E9-1-1 today
◦ usually delivered as a street address, sometimes delivered with Longitude and Latitude
•Wireless Traffic Plans are pre-determined routing instructions◦ Agreements between wireless carrier and Public Safety
◦ Infrequent updates to the WTP can cause undesirable (non-final) Rerouting results – (e.g., demographic changes, cellsite adds/changes)
•Non-optimal Routing Results – sometimes RF coverage reaches beyond cell site map boundaries◦ If this boundary condition happens, the result is that the call is sent to the PSAP assigned to the serving cell
site - not where the call is expected to be handled. This is considered a “non-final” routed call, but not a misrouted call.
Location based routing using Longitude and Latitude as inputs to GIS systems is an new development topic within the CSRIC V WG1 and has many facets, including Small Cell (e.g., Femtocells, Picocells) deployments, new emerging location technologies and hybridization, and is dependent on overall accuracy of the position estimate information produced as well as the base map information it is compared to.
Enhanced (Phase II) Location Challenge
•Phase II location, (Long/Lat), takes time to determine, access via E9-1-1 data links
•Call routing, by comparison, has become quicker w/ network and operations changes
•An initial “bid” usually happens automatically, w/o Telecommunicator intervention
•A “Rebid”, often a manual process is sometimes needed to get Phase II location (up to 70% of the time)
•Phase II position information, once determined, is available - cached at the MPC/GMLC (~87%)
•If Telecommunicators (or their CPE) “Rebid” too soon, (e.g., less than standardized ~30 sec interval), updated Phase II location may not be available.
Initial Bid Timing vs. Location Fix
Initial Bid generally <8 sec
…but location fixes can take up to 24 seconds
Washington DCMay, 2013Single carrier
11,585 calls10,812 bids
6.7% abandoned
Phase II on Initial Bids: 258823.9%
~15 sec3-5 sec
23-24 sec
Phase II available in time for Initial Bid data
Importance of Location Rebids
•Rebidding often is not done ◦ Washington DC: Only 1.8% made a Rebid (191 of 10,811 calls)◦ CalNENA policy not to perform rebids: 2006 thru 2014◦ Dispatch info sometimes overwritten by rebids (i.e., CAD/CPE)
On initial bid (by CoS)
75.4% Phase I 0.7% Poor Phase II21.8% Phase II A-GPS 2.1% Phase II AFLT
Rebid after 30 seconds (by CoS):9,614 of 10,811 had a Phase II fix = 88.9%
11.1% Phase I 1.7% Poor Phase II73.3% Phase II A-GPS13.9% Phase II AFLT
87.2%
NG9-1-1 Improves Phase II Data Retrieval
NG9-1-1 increases ability to get and utilize location• Location data can be pushed - rather than only pulled
◦ SIP Subscribe/Notify◦ No need for re-bid strategy - location information can be presented as it becomes
available
• Multiple location elements can be sent – courtesy of PIDF-LO◦ A-GPS fix (improvements using add’l GNSS, like GLONASS)◦ OTDOA fix (faster than A-GPS)
• Richer set of location for Indoors & Outdoors◦ Better location achievable from new location technologies◦ Additional Data incl. supplemental address info, building floor plans (text and graphics)
Presence Information Data Format - Location Object
18
Indoor Location Challenge• Phase II outdoors traditionally has been A-GPS location
• GPS signals don’t propagate well into deep indoor environments
• FCC 4th Report & Order on Location Accuracy requires carriers to meet several rules, of which 3 are primary, outlined as follows:
Lat/Lon delivered at 50m or better (with Confidence at 90%)
Dispatchable Location, a street address that includes supplemental location data
such as floor, building, unit, etc., where available, stored in the NEAD (National
Emergency Address Database)
Vertical component (Z-axis) required, either altitude or floor number, etc.
Indoor Location – NEAD
•NEAD is provisioned with Wi-Fi and BLE identifier information along with a validated civic street address
•Organizations such as CTIA, ATIS, IETF, NENA and others are engaged in building requirements, architectures, and specifications
◦ Several CTIA LA (Location Accuracy) work groups are engaged◦ ATIS WTSC Joint ELOC Task Force is developing an initial architecture
•New Location Technologies will emerge and be tested◦ ATIS ESM is describing testing requirements and methodologies◦ Some early prototypes have been developed, such as a LIS-NEAD and Enterprise
Wi-Fi Positioning
Proposed Standard NEAD ArchitectureLegacy PSAP Delivery
E-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFMSC
NEADWi-Fi (BSSID)
BLE(UUID)
Legacy Emergency Services Network
Incoming Emergency9-1-1 Call ALI
E-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFPSAPCPE
SR
eSMLC
Data ProvisionFunction
[deliver coarse location][deliver dispatchable location]
TargetDevice
9-1-1 LRF/GMLC
AccessNetwork
DetailNot Shown
CarrierData
Sources
OtherData
Sources
Proposed Evolved NEAD ArchitectureLegacy PSAP Delivery
E-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFMSC
NEADWi-Fi (BSSID)
BLE(UUID)
Legacy Emergency Services Network
Incoming Emergency9-1-1 Call ALI
E-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFPSAPCPE
SR
eSMLC
Data ProvisionFunction
[deliver coarse location][deliver dispatchable location]
TargetDevice
CarrierData
Sources
9-1-1 LRF/GMLC
AccessNetwork
DetailNot Shown
E-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFWi-FiProbeData
E-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFE-CSCFWi-Fi
EnterpriseLoc Engine
OTTAddress Database
Interface Development EffortCurrent and Future
OtherData
Sources
Enterprise Indoor Location – Washington DC
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)Wi-Fi AP
Controllers (2 Cisco MSEs)
Dispatchable Location
Indoor Map
Indoor Location
Satellite Overlay for Campus View(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Satellite Map (Campus View)
Expanded Indoor Location View
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Indoor Map (Expanded View)
Dispatchable Location
North Orientation
Multi-Story Enterprise Location
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Enterprise Location for Dispatchable
Location using Measured Wi-Fi
Multi-faceted Location – Seattle, WA(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Enterprise Location (Indoor
Map)
Dispatchable Location
Indoor Map
Other Data Sources
National Emergency Address Database (NEAD)
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
NEAD Location (Wi-Fi APs)
NEAD
Wi-Fi Access Points
Dispatchable Location (Address, Floor, Additional Info)
Global Wi-Fi Services (Geodetic Location)
(Vendor specific demo/prototype)Global Wi-Fi
Services (Enhanced Location)
Geodetic Location
Additional Location Data Sources(Vendor specific demo/prototype)
Other Data Sources (Enhanced Location)
Bluetooth
Data from Mobile Device
Billing DataCaller-supplied
