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Enhancing NOAA Fisheries Seafood Safety, Quality, and
Outreach Programs
Acknowledgment of Team Participants
Linda Chaves Usha Varanasi Walt Dickhoff Tony Lowry Tim Hansen Tom Hom Spencer Garrett Calvin Walker Eric Staiger Brian Vaubel
NOAA’s Mission Implies…
A healthy and sustainable seafood supply
Information about the seafood supply that is available and understandable
Contribution to seafood safety research, inspection, education and trade
Seafood Challenges…
From 150 countries 80% from foreign
sources Seafood safety
problems common Seafood economic
fraud is common Federal resources to
address the problem have been limited
Consumer perception not always factual
Current Seafood Inspection Activities
FDA—regulators (mandatory)
NOAA SIP—(voluntary)
Farm Bill FSIS—regulators
(mandatory) for catfish and farm-raised fish
AMS—(voluntary) for catfish and farm-raised fish
NOAA Fisheries Resources…
Not closely coordinated Seafood Inspection Partnership and
Communication staff Trade staff National Seafood
Inspection Laboratory Science Centers
(NWFSC and PIFSC)
TRENDS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SEAFOOD SAFETY AND
QUALITY The consumer
demand for fish and shellfish continues to grow
Domestic demand for safe seafood will continue to exceed domestic supply from wild stocks
U.S. SEAFOOD SUPPLY AND DEMAND: PAST AND PROJECTED
(Round Weight)
- 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Million MT
Demand = Per capita consumption x population
U.S. Supply = Harvest - Exports
U.S. Harvest
Demand based on new dietary guidelines:2 seafood meals per week
TRENDS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SEAFOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY The contribution
of aquaculture to supply fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic resources will continue to grow
GLOBAL SEAFOOD PRODUCTION
'50 '55 '60 '65 '70 '75 '80 '85 '90 '95 '00 '050
20
40
60
80
100
Million MT
'70 '75 '80 '85 '90 '95 '00 '050
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Million MT
World (excluding US)
United States
- Global and US wild catch stable- Aquaculture production growing
WORLD WILD CATCH
WORLD AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION
Global Fisheries and Aquaculture Production
Source: FAO FishStat
'71 '75 '80 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Capture
Aquaculture
Global Fisheries and Aquaculture Production
TRENDS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SEAFOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY Increasing seafood
consumption and demand are exceeding capacity for seafood inspection
Economic fraud in the nation’s seafood supply is increasing
TRENDS AND THEIR IMPACT ON SEAFOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY Consumer
confidence in seafood safety is declining
The human health benefits of seafood consumption are becoming increasingly apparent
FINDINGS # 1
Current Federal Government resources are inadequate to ensure safety and quality of seafood
Situation will probably worsen with increased aquaculture production
FDA inspects seafood product imports at port; NMFS inspects seafood products in domestic
commerce
Importshipments
Importer/Retailer
Importer/Retailer
FDA inspects approx. 1% of shipments at point of entry (GAO Jan. 2004)
NOAA inspects “lots” of product for firms supplying customers. Statistical expansion of inspected lots represents 1.9 billion pounds annually (one-third of annual consumption)
Consumer
Domestic supply
NMFS inspections2006
Processing Firms
GradeA LBS
PUFILBS
No MarkLBS
Lot Inspection
LBS
TotalLBS
377 51,733 150,487 67,034 1,624,293 1,893,566
OPTIONS
# 1 Work closely with the
Food and Drug Administration and provide support for regulatory activity as well as assisting the seafood industry in understanding food law compliance issues
FINDINGS
# 2
Adequate inspections of imported seafood are not practical given the amount of resources available
OPTIONS
#2
Increase analytical capacities to support seafood monitoring programs in NOAA Fisheries Service at the National Seafood Inspection Laboratory and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and certify NOAA accredited third party laboratories
OPTIONS
# 3
Establish systematic monitoring programs for the U.S. seafood supply for contaminants and species substitutions
OPTIONS
# 4
Develop new and automated technologies for more rapid, timely, and cost-efficient analyses of contaminants and antibiotic residues
OPTIONS
# 5
Increase enforcement of contaminant and drug residue regulations and economic fraud cases based on monitoring programs
OPTIONS
# 6
Increase the capacity of the Seafood Inspection Program to inspect foreign seafood processors to meet U.S. standards
Finding #3 Economic fraud
from species substitution and mislabeling is decreasing consumer confidence
Findings & Options
Option #7 Improve methods
and increase capacity for DNA-based and other chemical methods for species identification
Findings & Options Finding #4
Consumer confidence in the sustainability of the nation’s seafood supply is decreasing
Option#8 Create and apply
sustainability standards for U.S. wild caught fisheries and place a sustainability logo on seafood products deemed by NOAA to come from sustainable fishery stocks
FINDINGS
#5
The U.S. public is unsure of how to balance the benefits and risks of seafood consumption
OPTIONS
# 9
Augment research directed at evaluating benefits versus risks of seafood consumption, including contemporary assessments of mercury, selenium, banned chemical contaminants, emerging chemicals of concern, and omega-3 fatty acids
OPTIONS
# 10
Augment research to better understand human requirements for beneficial factors in seafood and health impacts of seafood contaminants
OPTIONS
# 11
Improve public outreach and communication by providing up-to-date information and descriptions of programs to protect seafood consumers (e.g., NOAA Fisheries Service Fish Watch web page, conferences, and correcting media inaccuracies).
OPTIONS
# 12
Develop and make available to the public databases that track beneficial nutritional content of seafood products such as Omega 3 fatty acid, selenium as well as micro contaminants.
Findings & Options
Finding #6 Established US Product
Quality and Safety Standards are obsolete and do not reflect the capability of modern processing technology although there is a great demand for the use of these standards by the retail trade. International product quality and safety standards are still being developed Option #13
Revise US Grade Standards for Fish and Fishery Products to be more useful in describing high quality and desirable consumer products that will increase demand for seafood products
Option #14 Increase NOAA
Fisheries’ involvement in the Codex Committee for Fish and Fishery Products (CCFFP) beyond the current level of providing an Alternate US delegate
Findings & Options Finding #7
In order to best address some of the problems of seafood safety and quality NOAA will need to organize and coordinate these activities more closely.
Option #15 To enhance NOAA Fisheries seafood
safety and quality capability the function will need specific direction from an Office or staff at the headquarters level. The components that could be brought together for closer collaboration are the Seafood Inspection Program, The National Seafood Inspection Laboratory, Trade staff and Partnership and Communication (with the exception of Recreational Fishing) staff and the addition two positions a trade coordinator and a seafood research coordinator.
Strategic Considerations
Fact: There are real and perceived problems with seafood safety, quality, sustainability and economic integrity
Fact: Seafood Offers vital nutritional benefits to the consumer
How should NOAA react?
By enhancing and coordinating the activities of Seafood Inspection, Partnership and Coordination Staff, Trade Staff, the National Seafood Inspection Laboratory and Seafood research within the science centers (NWFSC & PIFSC)
Possible Effects…
The upside NOAA appears
responsive Addresses political
issues May attract funding Supports intent of
Magnuson-Stevens Reauthorization Act
The downside Should stay within
bounds of mission Will need funding Should attempt to
augment FDA not encroach on FDA mission
Discussion??