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Science Protecting Plant Health Conference 26-28 September 2017
Dr Sally Troy, Assistant Secretary, Plant Health Policy Branch
Enhancing the Australian
plant biosecurity system amidst
rapid global change
27 September 2017
Global biosecurity risk is changing
Movement – Australian imports
2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
PAX 16M 17M 18M 19M
Cargo containers (Inspected)
(410 000)
>2.5M (230 000)
>2.5M (250 000)
Mail (units) 186M 173M 140M 138M
Vessels 16 000 17 000 18 000 18 000
Global biosecurity risk is changing
Increased movement of ‘stuff’ • People • Goods • Conveyances (vessels) Changes in land use & environs • Pest distribution • Host distribution Changes in Impacts
Plant Biosecurity is complex Host Number
Plant commodities (species) >35 000
Native plant species (excl algae) 24 000
Potential Plant pests >600 000
• Invertebrates ~600 000
• Pathogens
• Viruses & viroids ~2 000
• Bacteria 1 800
• Fungi 14 000
Very large set of possible novel combinations
Regulating Plant Biosecurity is complex
Many participants in our system
Improvements - How to decide what to do next?
How to talk about progress?
How to talk about what the options are?
How to tell if we’re doing the right things?
Agreed priorities & processes support defensible actions
Standard plant-commodity import and export process
IMPORT EXPORT Process triggered Process triggered
Priorities set Priorities set
Risks analysed • Pest status in Australia • Pest status in exporting country • Risk - Pest pathways – E, E, S & I • Measures to manage risk
Technical submission prepared • Pest status in Australia • Pest status in importing country • Risk - Pest pathways – E, E, S • Measures to manage pests
Conditions determined Protocols negotiated
Implement Implement
Operate Operate
Assure Assure
Biosecurity – protecting production & protecting export capacity
2 key principles in the global phytosanitary trade system to ensure that phytosanitary measures are not unjustifiable trade barriers:
1. Pest status 2. Biosecurity Risk [& Appropriate level of protection]
Plant Biosecurity Management Core Processes
Identify and address changing biosecurity risks
Identify and respond to changing pest status
Export
Import
Cha
ngin
g R
isk
Cha
ngin
g St
atus
Plant Biosecurity Management Core Processes
Identify and address changing biosecurity risks
Identify and respond to changing pest status
Export
Import
Cha
ngin
g R
isk
Cha
ngin
g St
atus
What is changing biosecurity risk?
• Changes in the probability of: o Entry o Establishment o Spread o Impact
of a pest, or pests
• From changes in: o Pest biology o Host biology o Pathway o Measures o Impact
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach 1. National prioritisation framework – what do we need to identify and address?
1. Framework (PHC 2015)
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
CAPABILITY
Assess risks
Apply measures (Treat)
Identify (Diagnostics)
Find (Surveillance)
Plan
Negotiate trade protocols
Build awareness
Build capacity & capability
Acquire Knowledge
Find resources
Priorities to • Prevent • Respond • Learn to live with
Priorities for • Agriculture • Environment
Priorities for • Pests • Pathways • Areas
2. Identify National Priority Plant Pests
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
But why – given lists are always wrong??
Specific pests: Focus attention give handles for communication fire the imagination Create some start points help to test the system identify gaps in our capabilities
Biased by • scientific knowledge / or lack • scientific disciplines • production interests of the creators??
2. Identify National Priority Plant Pests
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
Harvest from industry priorities (>350 priorities)
Expert elicitation - Ensure representation of taxonomic disciplines
Review relative impacts
Don’t take no for an answer
2. Identify National Priority Plant Pests
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
Harvest from industry priorities (>350 priorities)
Review relative impacts
Don’t take no for an answer
Identify environment priorities?
Proportional representation?
Mainly $$ values – what about regional importance, social, environmental importance?
Promise review & improvement PRAFHIS project CEBRA work
Expert elicitation - Ensure representation of taxonomic disciplines
National Priority Plant Pests – the “Top 42”
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
Pests Numbers on NPPP List
Arthropods 19
Fungi - Ascomycota 6
Fungi - Basidiomycota 4
“Proteobacteria” 5
Nematodes 3
Molluscs 2
Water moulds - Oomycota 2
Virus 1
Total 42
Mostly plant “commodity” pests, but some contaminant / hitchhikers & some natural pathway pests
• Grains pests • Polyphagous horticulture • Forest pests • Social pests
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
1. Xylella 2. Khapra beetle 3. Exotic fruit flies
4. Karnal Bunt 5. Huanglongbing CLsa & GWSS
6. Gypsy moths
7. Exotic Invasive Tramp ants
8. Mites of bees 9. Giant African Snail
10. Brown marmorated stink bug
11. Zebra Chip CLso (& TPP)
12. Ug99
13. (Russian wheat aphid)
14. Citrus canker 15. Guava rust 16. Airborne Phytophthora
17. Exotic bees 18. Panama Disease Tropical Race 4
19. Potato cyst nematode
20. Liriomyza Leaf miner
21. Fire blight 22. Hessian fly
23. Texas root rot 24. Wheat stem sawfly
25.Golden apple snail
26. Barley stripe rust 27. Heterodera spp.
28.Plum pox virus
29. Exotic drywood termites
30. Exotic subterranean termites
31.Exotic longhorn beetles
32. Bursaphelenchus spp.
33. Fusarium wilt
34. Chilo spp. 35. Black sigatoka
36. Potato late blight
37. Sunn pest
38. Lygus spp. 39. Monochamus spp.
40. Burning moth
41. European canker
42. Dutch elm disease
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
1. Xylella 2. Khapra beetle 3. Exotic fruit flies
4. Karnal Bunt 5. Huanglongbing CLsa & GWSS
6. Gypsy moths
7. Exotic Invasive Tramp ants
8. Mites of bees 9. Giant African Snail
10. Brown marmorated stink bug
11. Zebra Chip CLso (& TPP)
12. Ug99
13. (Russian wheat aphid)
14. Citrus canker 15. Guava rust 16. Airborne Phytophthora
17. Exotic bees 18. Panama Disease Tropical Race 4
19. Potato cyst nematode
20. Liriomyza Leaf miner
21. Fire blight 22. Hessian fly
23. Texas root rot 24. Wheat stem sawfly
25.Golden apple snail
26. Barley stripe rust 27. Heterodera spp.
28.Plum pox virus
29. Exotic drywood termites
30. Exotic subterranean termites
31.Exotic longhorn beetles
32. Bursaphelenchus spp.
33. Fusarium wilt
34. Chilo spp. 35. Black sigatoka
36. Potato late blight
37. Sunn pest
38. Lygus spp. 39. Monochamus spp.
40. Burning moth
41. European canker
42. Dutch elm disease
National Priority Plant Pests – the Top 42 became the “Top 40”
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
National Priority Plant Pests – the “Top 40” social media campaign
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
National Priority Plant Pests – the “Top 40” social media campaign
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
social media campaign
National Priority Plant Pests – getting attention – initial examples
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
• National Xylella Symposium • Report with proposed actions
• National Tramp Ant Exotic Invasive Ant Symposium • National Plan in preparation
• But this species, or species group, approach will take a long time to complete……
• Hold these pest lists lightly
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach 3. Framework priority by pest
Capability Status [combined Prevention & Response]
Risks Pathway & Pest reviews Triage approach
Measures Import conditions review Proposed: Measures review project
Find National Surveillance Framework Surveillance plans underway via SNPHS
Identify Underway via SPHD, Audit conducted by CSIRO
Plan PLANTPLAN Contingency plan review, Simulations
Contain & Trade continuity Interstate Certification Assurance Scheme Proposed: Host review project
Cooperate incl communicate National emergency response agreements • EPPRD • NEBRA PHA members – industry & government NBC & PHC – government
Build capacity Through PHA, PHC – on farm biosecurity, technical expertise
Fill knowledge gaps PBCRC, PBRI, RDE Frameworks/Lists
Confirm resources Ongoing challenge
Moving beyond National Priority Plant Pests?
Changing Biosecurity Risks – a national approach
evolve into priority pest categories… • taxonomic groups? • functional groups?
Address issues for each capability in framework? • policy • technology • people • information • resources
Formalised National Triage process? Alerting of suspected substantive changes in
• pests • hosts • pathways • impacts • measures
• Cooperation • Capacity • Knowledge gaps • Resources
Apply priorities framework further? • pathways • areas
Plant Biosecurity Management Core Processes
Identify and address changing biosecurity risks
Identify and respond to changing pest status
Export
Import
Cha
ngin
g R
isk
Cha
ngin
g St
atus
What is changing pest status? • Pest status changing from country freedom to:
o Present – under eradication o Present – under official control o Present
• Potential impacts on: o Our exports o Our continued regulation for the pest on imports
• Clear process & requirements, & coordinated actions o Import regulation & export certification o States and territories o Affected industries – agricultural, importers, exporters o Diplomatic staff/overseas posts o Trading partners o Research organisations
Policy & process developments
In addition to the Prioritisation Framework: • National arrangements to respond to new pests (for eradication)
• EPPRD • NEBRA • [Explore] initial arrangements for non-eradicable pests
• National Trade Framework • Area Freedom Framework • General Surveillance Framework • National Surveillance Framework • Policies for ‘present’ pests
• Plant Quarantine Pests and Official Control • [Explore] Regulated Non Quarantine Pests
Changing Pest status – a national approach
PHYTOSANITARY TRADE
National Trade Framework Agreed by PHC45 in 2014
Mechanisms to facilitate phytosanitary trade Domestic plant health delivering international phytosanitary
outcomes Risk analysis
Pest status
Market access needs
Standards for entry requirements e.g. IPPC/ISPM, ICA Rules
Testing (end point)
Pest status statements
Production Systems Treatment Product
integrity
Controls to ensure standards are met
Certification Registered Establishments
Inspection Documentation requirements
Crop monitors
Systems of compliance
Auditing Verification Non-compliance detections
A language to discuss our needs
ISPM standards mapped against the framework
Mechanisms to facilitate phytosanitary trade Domestic plant health delivering international phytosanitary outcomes
ISPM 1: Phytosanitary principles for the protection of plants and the application of phytosanitary measures in international trade ISPM 3: Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms ISPM 15: Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade ISPM 20: Guidelines for a phytosanitary import regulatory system ISPM 24: Guidelines for the determination and recognition of equivalence of phytosanitary measures
Standards for entry requirements e.g. IPPC/ISPM, ICA Rules
Controls to ensure standards are met
Systems of compliance
PHYTOSANITARY TRADE
Risk analysis ISPM 2: Framework for pest risk analysis ISPM 11: Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests ISPM 21: Pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests ISPM 32: Categorisation of commodities according to their risk
Pest status ISPM 8: Determination of pest status in an area
Market access needs
ISPMs NOT INCLUDED IN THE FRAMEWORK ISPM 5: Glossary ISPM 6: Guidelines for surveillance ISPM 9: Guidelines for pest eradication programs ISPM 16: Regulated non-quarantine pests: Concepts and application ISPM 17: Pest reporting ISPM 19: Guidelines on lists of regulated pests ISPM 27: Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests ISPM 34: Design and operation of post-entry quarantine stations for plants
Maps the international standards for phytosanitary measures (ISPMs) on the trade process
Eradication arrangements • Agriculture (EPPRD) & Environmental (NEBRA) pests Area Freedom framework & General surveillance framework • Agreed by PHC 2014 • Basis for our claims for country and area freedom from pests
Area freedom – what is required: • Evidence of freedom – general vs specific surveillance
o Evidentiary requirements for absence o System to maintain free area o Evidence of system success
General surveillance o What is basis of evidentiary requirements
National surveillance framework (proposed 2017) • Guide development of general and specific surveillance programs &
capability • Area freedom is one significant objective Quarantine pest and official control policy • Requirements to continue import regulations for present pests
Changing Pest status – a national approach
NATIONAL PLANT BIOSECURITY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FRAMEWORK
The National Plant Biosecurity Surveillance System Framework identifies five objectives for surveillance: 1. Early warning (EW) 2. Early detection (ED) 3. Plant pest status/area freedom (AF) 4. Delimiting (DE) 5. Monitoring established pests (ME)
These objectives underpin the Australian Government’s investment in improving biosecurity surveillance and analysis through the Agricultural Competitiveness White Paper.
Endorsed by the Plant Health Surveillance Consultative Committee July 2017
SURVEILLANCE ENABLERS
• Policy and legislation • Partnerships and shared responsibility • Resources and funding
• Technology and tools • People capability • Communications and engagement • Evaluation and assurance
SURVEILLANCE PROCESSES
SPECIFIC SURVEILLANCE
• Specific surveillance programs • Design (surveys, trapping) • Delivery • Data collection • Protocols and procedures • Capability and capacity
GENERAL SURVEILLANCE
• Observations • Inspections • Notifications • Investigations • Data collection
DIAGNOSTICS
• Quality systems • Proficiency testing programs • Diagnostics protocols • Pest reference system • Capability and capacity
APPLICATIONS
PESTS • Emerging pests • Industry priority pests • Social amenity pests • Environmental pests
REGIONS • Border • Urban/peri-urban • Rural • Northern Australia • External Territories • Offshore • Jurisdictions • NRM regions
PATHWAYS • Hosts • Commodities/industries • Regulated • Unregulated/natural • Emerging pathways
• Risk analysis and risk based allocation • Processes and workflows • Information management
For more information visit www.agriculture.gov.au
Changing Biosecurity Risk
Frames to help focus improvements in plant biosecurity
Changing Pest status Building on processes to protect production Clarifying processes and requirements to protect trade