Enhancing the learning content through the

aggregation of social data.

Frans Van Assche University of Leuven

President of the ARIADNE Foundation

Paradata

• What users say about a resource; example: a rating of a Learning Object

• What users do with a resource: Usage Data; example a user edits metadata

The Experience API (xAPI)

Property

id

actor

verb

object

result

context

timestamp

stored

authority

version

attachments

Type

UUID

UUID

Object

Object

Object

Object

Date/Time

Date/Time

Object

Version

Array of attachment Objects

xAPI example { "id": "12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678", "actor": { "mbox": "mailto:xapi@adlnet.gov" }, "verb": { "id": "http://adlnet.gov/expapi/verbs/created", "display": { "en-US": "created" } }, "object": { "id": "http://example.adlnet.gov/xapi/example/activity" } }

Contextualized Attention Metadata (CAM)

xAPI example

{ "event": { "name": "name", "datetime": "2011-02-02 14:49:21", "eventRelatedentityRelations": [{ "eventRelatedentityId": { "relatedentity": { "name": "name1", "type":"type1", "reference": "reference1", "mimetype": "mimetype1", "metadata": [{ "metadataHash": "METADATA HASHED IN SHA-512", "metadata": "metadata1", "metadataType": "metadataType1", "metadataBinding": "metadataBinding1" }] }, "role": "role1" } },{ "eventRelatedentityId": { "relatedentity": { ... }, "role": "role2" } }], "sessions": [{ "sessionId": "sessionId", "domain": "domain", "ipAddress": "ipAddress" }] } }

JSON Activity Streams

Property

actor

content

generator

icon

id

object

published

provider

target

title

updated

url

verb

Type

Object

JSON [RFC4627] String

Object

Media Link

JSON [RFC4627] String

Object

[RFC3339] date-time

Object

Object

JSON [RFC4627] String

[RFC3339] date-time

JSON [RFC4627] String

JSON [RFC4627] String

xAPI example

{ "published": "2011-02-10T15:04:55Z", "actor": { "url": "http://example.org/martin", "objectType" : "person", "id": "tag:example.org,2011:martin", "image": { "url": "http://example.org/martin/image", "width": 250, "height": 250 }, "displayName": "Martin Smith" }, "verb": "post", "object" : { "url": "http://example.org/blog/2011/02/entry", "id": "tag:example.org,2011:abc123/xyz" }, "target" : { "url": "http://example.org/blog/", "objectType": "blog", "id": "tag:example.org,2011:abc123", "displayName": "Martin's Blog" } }

iTEC Usage Data

Property

Id

Actor

Verb

Object

Result

Timestamp

Stored

Version

ipAddress

sessionId

Type

ID (iTEC)

ID (iTEC)

Character String

ID (iTEC)

Object

Date/Time

Date/Time

Character String

URI

Identifier

iTEC Example

{ "id": "http://itec-directory.eun.org/Paradata/1234505", "actor": "http://itec-directory.eun.org/User/40903", "verb": "edit", "object": "http://itec-directory.eun.org/Event/205", "result": "ok", "stored": "29-07-2013T14:10:05.123", "version": "1.0", "ipAddress": "http://123.123.123.1", "sessionId": "85C69908F30B01C09E47D8698B75AEEE" }

Recommended JSON Binding Practice

WHY

• Make it easier to build front-ends

• On top of multiple back ends−Interoperability

• This is an invitation to technical people for collaboration

Recommended JSON Binding PracticeWHAT

• Element names

• Identifiers

• Date/Time & Period

• LangString

• VocabularyTerm

• Vocabularies

Element names• Display_Name

• display_name

• display-name

• displayName

• Camel case

• Starting with lower case

Identifier Scheme• UUID or GUID – Good to know• RFC 4122. See

http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt

• Example

f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6

12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678

Date/Time & Duration• Based on ISO 8601

• http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime or http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#isoformats

• Example 29-07-2013T14:10:05.123Z

YYYY[-MM[-DD[Thh[:mm[:ss[.s[TZD]]]]]]] where:

YYYY = four-digit yearMM = two-digit monthDD = two-digit day of monthhh = two digits of hour (00 through 23)mm = two digits of minute (00 through 59)ss = two digits of second (00 through 59)s = one or more digits representing a decimal fraction of a secondTZD = time zone designator ("Z" for UTC or +hh:mm or -hh:mm)

• Example Duration: P1Y3M5DT7H10M3.3S

LangString

"description": [ { "lang": "en", "text": "This learning object ..." }, { "lang": "nl", "text": "Dit leerobject ... " } ]

"description": [ {

"en": "This learning object ..." }, {

"nl": "Dit leerobject ... " } ]

Vocabulary Term

"subjects": [ "508", "974" ], "categories": [ "expert", "teacher" ]

A simple Token or identifier

{ "subjects": [ { "id": 508, "langString": [ { "en": "foreign language" }, { "nl": "Vreemde talen" } ] }, { "id": 974, "langString": [ { "en": "physical education" }, { "nl": "Lichamelijke opvoeding" } ] } ]}

Extended

{ "subjects": [ { "id": 508, "source": "http://voc1", "langString": [ { "en": "foreign language" }, { "nl": "Vreemde talen" } ] }, { "id": 974, "source": "http://voc2", "langString": [ { "en": "physical education" }, { "nl": "Lichamelijke opvoeding" } ] } ]}

Complete

Vocabulary Term

"subjects": [ "508", "974" ], "categories": [ "expert", "teacher" ]

Full Vocabulary needed

Enhancing the learning content through the aggregation of social data.

GRNET and AriadneNikos Manolis

Open Discovery Space

−A large-scale pilot project that tries to increase the adoption of digital learning resources by European schools

−An infrastructure to allow existing learning portals and repositories to be connected

Social Data types

Ratings Tags Comments Bookmarks Sharings

The need for aggregating• An important information source to

provide additional and more personalized access to learning objects

• Provide the opportunity to filter and recommend tailored information to a target user based on their social data profile

Developing a Social Data Management Layer

• Method:− A questionnaire was circulated among

data providers− Cross analysis of the questionnaire results− Analysis of the various social data

exposure protocols and interfaces − Social Data schema definition (existing

efforts from Organic Edunet, LRE and NSDL)

ODS basis schemataNr. Social metadata

requirements CAM

OrganicEdunet

format

Learning Registry NSDL

1 Rate + + + +

2 Tag + + + +

3 Bookmark + + + +

4 Share (FB, twitter, e-mail) + - + +

5 share count + + - +

6 Comment + + + +

7 Join groups + - + -

8 Posts(discussion, blog, etc.)

+ - +(Google discussion)

-

9 following/followers + - + -

  Social data sum (+) 9 5 8 6

ODS Social Data schema

Technological Background• An extended version of Ariadne Harvester is used for

harvesting social data− Internal validation mechanism according to the

Social Data schema validation

• An extended version of Ariadne Repository is used for already harvested social data management− OAI-PMH endpoint for social data exposure− Social Data are also exposed in JSON format using

an extended version of the built-in RESTP API

Architecture.

Some indicative numbers

Provider TagsComme

ntsRatings

Bookmarks

Sharings

Posts Total

Mace 55619 147 476 0 0 0 56242

Organic Edunet

381 141 576 0 0 0 1098

Sum 56000 288 1052 0 0 0 57340

Next Steps• Harvest from more providers

• Expose social data as Linked Data.

• Connect LO Metadata with harvested Social Data.

• Integrate harvested social data to Portal.−Recommender subsystem.−Search subsystem.

Thank you!