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� Platesfor dry- and wet-running clutches and brakes

This product group includes all plate typefriction components for clutches and brakeswhich possess driving teeth or lugs on theirouter or inner diameters.Both plate and counterplate must be consideredtogether, in general one plate with frictionmaterial works together with a counterplate ofsteel or cast iron.The plates are the important functional elementin every clutch and brake, and have beendeveloped in many different ways since the earlydays of clutches and brakes.Ortlinghaus has played an important role in thetotal development of friction clutches, oneexample of its contributions being the patented,well known, sprung steel plate, knownworld-wide under the trademark "Sinus". The usefor the first time of sintered plates in clutches,was also an important development.

In the course of this development every relevanttechnological step forward - whether in frictionalmaterial, mechanical or heat treatment process -has been applied directly to the manufacture ofthe plates. As a result Ortlinghaus plates todaycontain the results of nearly one hundred yearsof research and development and represent ahighly specialised component. Supported by theexperience gained over this long period of time,Ortlinghaus is today, able to provide a verycomprehensive range of clutch and brake platesin a multitude of different dimensions, frictioncombinations and surface patterns.The number of standard plates listed in ourcatalogue is large and most of these are availableex stock, satisfying most of our customerrequirement from this well proven range. Ourcustomers benefit from quick availability and agood price arrived at from volume production.Should it not be possible to solve a particulardesign problem with these plates, as listed in ourcatalogue, we are always ready to manufactureplates to meet specific customer wishes. In thisarea too our experience is extensive, everyrequirement can be satisfied with the aid of themost modern manufacturing techniques.

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The main characteristic features of the differenttypes of plates are described in the followingsections in order to make clear the variety and toaid customers in making the correct choice.

� Plates for dry- and wet-runningclutches and brakes

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In every multi-plate clutch and brake there areinner plates, which are driven on the innerdiameter together with a hub, and outer plates,which are driven on the outer diameter togetherwith a housing. Both the inner or outer platescan be the driver or driven sides, and both cancarry the friction lining, this depends on thetype of clutch or brake and the conditions inwhich they are to be used.

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Plates must be mounted with other drivecomponents, i.e. hub or housing, in such a waythat they can be easily displaced axially but areheld so that they cannot rotate.Different forms of drive locations are available tofulfill the above purpose:– lugs and slots,– spline in accordance with DIN 867 and

DIN 5480 as well as other standards,– holes in the plate for studs,– special shapes in accordance with customer

requirements.

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Generally dry-running clutches and brakes use apair of plates consisting of "organic" friction liningon one plate and a counterplate of steel or specialcast iron. Although this friction combination issubject to wear, it has become a standard due to itshard wearing capabilities.Sintered, metallic friction linings are also used forparticular applications.The friction linings described here are riveted orbonded to the plates in the form of rings orsegments or are applied by a sintering process.

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When considering "wet-running" plates, it isnecessary to consider the lubricating and coolingoil, since this plays a decisive roll in thefrictional process.In wet-running clutches and brakes the "classical"friction combination of steel/steel is today beingreplaced more and more by steel/sinteredcoating. The standard qualities of sinteredcoating are able to cover a wide range ofconditions which are placed on highperformance friction linings. In addition, thesinter is capable of being varied in terms ofcomposition porosity and compatibility with oilenabling it to fulfill a wide range of special tasks.Of special interest within the range of wet-running plates is the friction combinationsteel/paper lining. This is being used to an evergreater extent in transmission systems in generalmechanical engineering and in the motor vehicleindustry. This is due to its extraordinary frictionalbehaviour and its almost total freedom from wear.

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The friction surfaces of both plates plays animportant role in terms of the operatingbehaviour of the plates.In the case of dry-running clutches and brakes itis primarily the level of wear, coefficient offriction and noise that are influenced by thesurface. In the case of wet-running clutches andbrakes however, the grooving of the frictionsurface is critical for directing the cooling oilaccurately. For different cases of application thereare many different surface patterns, particularlyin the case of sintered plates. These include forexample, spiral grooves, radial grooves or acombination to the two, honeycomb andsunburst patterns and various other differentforms of oil channels

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