ENSO and other teleconnections

Fig. 10-19, p. 275

Fig. 10-19a, p. 275

Fig. 10-19b, p. 275

Fig. 10-20, p. 275

Fig. 10-21, p. 276

Fig. 10-21a, p. 276

Fig. 10-21b, p. 276

Tropical Atmosphere and Ocean

The Research Moored Array for African–Asian–Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction*

Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Atlantic

NOAA ship Kaimimoana

A small piece of the ENSO

Fig. 10-22, p. 277

Fig. 10-23, p. 277

Fig. 10-23a, p. 277

Fig. 10-23b, p. 277

Fig. 10-24, p. 278

ENSO and PDO

Figure 3 The impact of ENSO and PDO on Columbia River summer streamflow at The Dalles, Oregon for 1900-1999. The horizontal lines show average streamflow over each of the PDO epochs (cool: 1900-1925, warm: 1925-1945, cool: 1945-1977, warm: 1977-1995). The red dots are El Niño years, the blue dots are La Niña years, and the green dots are ENSO neutral years. The figure shows "naturalized" streamflow (i.e., with the effects of the dams numerically removed) for April-September of each year.

Fig. 10-26, p. 280

North Atlantic Oscillation

Fig. 10-27, p. 280

Arctic Oscillation…Other Teleconnections

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/intraseasonal/z500_nh_anim.shtml

Fig. 10-27a, p. 280

Fig. 10-27b, p. 280

Recent AO index

http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/teleconnections/ao.php

The Arctic Oscillation (AO) is a large scale mode of climate variability, also referred to as the Northern Hemisphere annular mode. The AO is a climate pattern characterized by winds circulating counterclockwise around the Arctic at around 55°N latitude.

When the AO is in its positive phase, a ring of strong winds circulating around the North Pole acts to confine colder air across polar regions.

This belt of winds becomes weaker and more distorted in the negative phase of the AO, which allows an easier southward penetration of colder, arctic airmasses and increased storminess into the mid-latitudes.

1/6/2014

1/10/2014

Correlation r=0.63

Explain why the west coast is relatively dry and the east coast in wet.