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ITU: Session on ICT products – Gateways to Digital Transformation
Conformance and Interoperabili ty Challenges for developing countries
Joerg Koepp
Market Segment Manager IoT
Rohde & Schwarz
Ensuring reliable and secure communicationin a hyper-connected world
Rohde & Schwarz Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp2
Everything that will be benefit
from being connected
will be connectedEricsson, 2010
“
“
Rohde & Schwarz
IoT enabling applications in developing countries
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp3
Real-time data for
Immunization
GSM powered
water monitoring
Remote solar power
solution w/ IoT
Cattle tracking and
monitoring
requiring cost-efficient, reliable and secure wireless communication
Rohde & Schwarz
Challenges in wireless IoT design
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp4
Technology choices Design complexity Myth of certification
Rohde & Schwarz
Different requirements have led to a large variety of technologies
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp5
Latency
hours
milliseconds
Battery Life
years
“powered”
Reliability
2 nines
5 nines
Data Rate
bps
Mbps
Coverage
deep
normal
Mobility
stationed
250 km/h
Lights
Cams
Vehicle
Powergrid
Smoke d.
Trashcan
Bike
Meter
All product names, logos, and brands are property of their respective owners
Rohde & Schwarz
Selection of wireless technologies most relevant for IoT
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp6
FHSS OFDMA DSSS UNB CSS OFDMA OFDMA
100 Hz (ETSI)
600 Hz (FCC)2 MHz2 MHz
20 …
160 MHz
3.75,15 kHz
180 kHz
125, 250,
500 kHz
1.4 MHz (M1)
5 MHz (M2)
UL: DBPSK
DL: GFSKO-QPSKGFSK
BPSK
QPSK
BPSK
QPSK
Frequency
Chirps
QPSK
16QAM
Sub-GHz
ISM
2.4 GHz
ISM
2.4 GHz
ISM
1.. 6 GHz
ISM
< 6 GHz
3GPP
Sub-GHz
ISM
< 6 GHz
3GPP
F. deviation Spectrum Spectrum Spectrum F. deviation
Technique
Bandwidth
Modulation
Spectrum
Characteristics
Low Energy
Spectrum Spectrum
Rohde & Schwarz
Deep coverageLow power Quality & reliability
Embedded design challenges to meet specific IoT requirements
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp7
Rohde & Schwarz
Wireless communication - a wonder, but essentially just physics
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp8
Path loss (L)
dep. on frequency,
distance, material,
weather, …
Antenna
Gain (GRX)
Antenna
Gain (GTX)
Output
power (PTX)
Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL) = PTX + GTX – IM + GRX - PRX
Interference
Receiver
Sensitivity (PRX)
LFS = 20𝑙𝑔4𝑓𝑅
𝑐
2.4 GHz
900 MHz
Rohde & Schwarz
LoRa Alliance RF performance guidelineFCC 15.247 for Systems Employing Digital Modulation
Example LoRa Certification – Tx measurements
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp9
Power Spectral Densitylimit: + 8dBm / 3 kHz
Emission Output Powerlimit: ≤ +30 dBm
OOB emissionLimit: -30 dBc
6 dB bandwidthlimit: 500 kHz
𝑇𝑅𝑃 =1
4ර (𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃 , 𝑓 + (𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃 , 𝑓 𝑑
Rohde & Schwarz
OTA measurements, that help to ensure the desired performance and compliance with regulation
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp
Performance Coexistence Desense EMI Spurios Em.
Measurement of
radiated RF power
(TRP) and receiver
sensitivity (TIS/TRS)
Assessment of the
interference of one
wireless technology
on another
Self-interference test
by measuring error
rates with an active
potential interferer
Measurement of
radiated spurious
emissions (RSE)
in- & out-of-band
Detection of EMI
sources with a
receiver performing
a frequency sweep
OTA performance verification in R&D, Integration, Production and Service/Repair
10
Rohde & Schwarz
Heavy use of ISM bands by different technologies asks for regulation e.g. by ETSI and FCC
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp11
Density of networks No network controlDifferent technologies
Ensure coexistence of different services/technologies operating in the same frequency band
ETSI EN 300 328 V1.8.1/ V1.9.1 (2.4 GHz) and ETSI EN 301 893 V1.7.1/ V1.8.1 8 (5GHz)
FCC §15.247 (2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz) and FCC $15.407
Rohde & Schwarz
Real-time spectrum analysis to analyze interference issues
12
WiFi 802.11nChannel 11
Bluetooth LE39 Channels
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp
Rohde & Schwarz
Operator
certification
Industry
Standard
Conformance
Regulatory
Conformance
Certification
industry
IoT certification landscape
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp13
Rohde & Schwarz
Industrial Internet of Things creates a magic triangle
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp14
New
applications
Need for new
or adapted
certification
schemes
Rohde & Schwarz
The impacts of ‘unsecure’ IoT devices could be devastating
Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp15
Impacts on IoT devices and services
Impacts on IoT services und users
Disrupt IoT
services
Ransom
demand
Take over
control
Steal
information
…
Use of
hijacked
devices
Distributed
denial of
service
attacks
Distributed
cyber-
physical
attacks
…
Impacts on critical infrastructure
Need for security certification?
Rohde & SchwarzRohde & Schwarz
Together, we shape the future of security and communications to enable a safer and connected world
16 Hyper-connected-world: Joerg Koepp