सप्तभोऽध्माम् अथात् शयीयसंख्माशायीयं व्माख्मास्माभ् ॥१॥ Now (I) shall expound the adhyAya giving the enumeration of bodily parts. [1] इतत ह स्भाह बगवानात्रमे् ॥२॥ As propounded by the Venerable Atreya. [2] शयीयसंख्माभवमवश् कृत्सस्नं शयीयं प्रववबज्म

सववशयीयसंख्मानप्रभाणऻानहेतोबवगवन्तभात्रमेभग्ननवेश् ऩप्रच्छ ॥३॥ agnivesha submitted to the Venerable Atreya for providing knowledge of the entire body by dividing the enitre body into parts and then enumerating the same. [3] तभुवाच बगवानअत्रमे् शणुृ भत्सतोऽग्ननवेश सववशयीयभाचऺाणस्म

मथाप्रश्नभेकभना मथावत ्। शयीये षट् त्सवच् तद्मथा उदकधया त्सवनफाह्मा द्ववतीमा त्सवसनृधया ततृीमा ससध्भककराससंबवाधधष्ठाना चतुथी दद्रकुूष्ठसंबवाधधष्ठाना ऩञ्चभी त्सवरजीववद्रधधसंबवाधधष्ठाना षष्ठी तु मस्मा ंतछन्नामां ताम्मत्समन्ध इव च तभ् प्रववशतत मां चाप्मधधष्ठामारंवष जामन्त ेऩववस ुकृष्णयक्तातन स्थूरभरूातन

दगु्श्चककत्सस्मतभातन च इतत षट् त्सवच् । एता् षडङ्गं शयीयभवतत्सम ततष्ठग्न्त ॥४॥

The Venerable Atreya replied - listen to me O agnivesha! attentively according to your queries.There are six layers of skin (tvak) in the body such as - the outermost layer of skin is known as udakadharA (that which holds up water). The second one is that which holds up blood, the third one is the seat of the origin of sidhma and kilAsa (leuederma), the fourth one is the seat of the origin of ring worm and leprosy; the fifth one is the seat of the origin of alaji (a type of boil) and vidradhi (abscess). The sixth layer is that which, if cut, causes loss of consciousness and is the seat of the origin of boils being manifested as blackish red and eep rooted on joints and are hardly curable. Thus are the six layers of skin which cover the entire body with six parts. [4] तत्रामं शयीयस्माङ्गववबाग् तद्मथा द्वौ फाहू द्वे सग्क्थनी सशयोग्रीवभ ्अन्तयाधध इतत षडङ्गभङ्गभ ्॥५॥ The body is divided into six parts - two upper extremities, two lower extremities, head - neck and trunk (chest and abdomen). [5] त्रीणण सषष्टीतन शतान्मस्थनां सह दन्तोरखूरनखने । तद्मथा द्वात्त्रशंद्दन्ता् द्वात्त्रशंद्दन्तोरूखरातन ववशंततनवखा् षग्ष्ट् ऩाणणऩादाङ्गुल्मस्थीतन ववशंतत ऩाणणऩादशराका् चत्सवारय ऩाणणऩादशराकाधधष्ठानातन द्व ेऩाष््मोयग्स्थनी चत्सवाय् ऩादमोगुवल्पा् द्वौ भणणकौ हस्तमो् चत्सवामवयत्सन्मोयस्थीतन चत्सवारय जङ्घमो् द्व ेजानुनी द्वे जानकुऩासरके द्वावूरुनरकौ द्वौ फाहुनरकौ द्वावंसौ द्वे अंसपरके द्वावऺकौ एकं जत्र ुद्वे

तारुके द्व ेश्रोणणपरके एकं बगाग्स्थ ऩञ्चचत्सवारयशंत ्ऩषृ्ठगतान्मस्थीतन ऩञ्चदश ग्रीवामा ंचतुदवशोयसस द्वमो् ऩाश्ववमोश्चतुवविंशतत् ऩशुवका् तावग्न्त स्थारकातन तावग्न्त चैव स्थारकाफुवदातन एकं हन्वग्स्थ द्व ेहनुभूरफन्धने एकाग्स्थ नाससकाग्डकूटरराटं द्वौ शङ्खौ चत्सवारय सशय्कऩारानीतत् एवं त्रीणण सषष्टीतन शतान्मस्थनां सह दन्तोरूखरनखेनेतत ॥६॥ There are three hundred and sixty (360) bones including teeth, sockets and nails. Such as: Teeth - 32 Teeth sockets - 32 Nails - 20 Phalangeal bones of hand and feet - 60 Metaphalangeal bones of hand and feet - 20 Metaphalangeal support of hands and feet - 4 Calcaneum - 2 Ankles(in feet) - 4 Wrist bones (in hands) - 2 Fore Arms - 4 Legs - 4 Knee - 2 jAnukapAla (knee caps) - 2 Thighs - 2 Arms - 2 Shoulders - 2 Shoulder blades - 2 Clavicles - 2 Xiphisternum - 1 Palate bones - 2

Hip bones - 2 Pubis - 1 Back - 45 Neck - 15 Chest - 14 Ribs (both sides) - 24 Rib sockets (both sides) - 24 Tubercles in rib sockets(both sides) - 24 Mandible - 1 Extremities of the mandible - 2 Nose, zygomatic process and forehead - 1 Temporals - 2 Skull bones - 4 TOTAL 360 Thus are the three hundred and sixty bones including teeth, sockets and nails. [6] See yAjJNavalkyadharmashAstra 3.84 - 110. ऩञ्चेग्न्द्रमाधधष्ठानातन तद्मथा त्सवग ्ग्जह्वा नाससका अक्षऺणी कणौ च । ऩञ्च फुद्धीग्न्द्रमाणण तद्मथा स्ऩशवनं यसनं घ्राणं दशवनं श्रोत्रसभतत । ऩञ्च कभेग्न्द्रमाणण् तद्मथा हस्तौ ऩादौ ऩामु् उऩस्थ् ग्जह्वा चेतत ॥७॥

हृदमं चेतनाधधष्ठानभेकभ ्॥८॥

Five seats of the senses are such as - skin, tongue, nose, eyes and ears. Five sense organs such as - tactile, gustatory, olfactory, visual and auditory. Five motor organs such as - hands, feet, anus, genital and speech organ. One heart which is the seat of consciousness. [7 - 8]

दश प्राणामतनातन तद्मथा भधूाव क्ठ् हृदमं नासब् गुदं फग्स्त् ओज् शुकं्र शोणणतं भासंसभतत । तेषु षट् ऩूवावणण भभवसखं्मातातन ॥९॥ Ten seats of the vital breath such as - head, throat, heart, navel, anus, bladder, ojas, semen, blood and muscular tissue. Of them, the first six are known as marmas (vital organs). [9] ऩञ्चदश कोष्ठाङ्गातन तद्मथा नासबश्च हृदमं च क्रोभ च मकृच्च प्रीहा च वकृ्कौ च फग्स्तश्च ऩुयीषाधायश्च आभाशमश्च ऩक्वाशमश्च उत्सतयगुदं च अधयगुदं च ऺुद्रान्त्रं च स्थरूान्त्रं च स्थूरान्त्रं च वऩावहनं चेतत ॥१०॥ Fifteen are the visceral organs such as - navel, heart, kloman(lungs), liver, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder, caecum, stomach, jejunum, rectum, anus, small intestines, large intestines and omentum. [10] षट्ऩञ्चाशत ्प्रत्समङ्गातन षट्स्वङ्गेषूऩतनफद्धातन

मान्मऩरयसं््ख्मातातन ऩूववभङ्गेषु ऩरयसंख्माभानेष ुतान्मन्मै् ऩमावमैरयह प्रकाश्मातन बवग्न्त । तद्मथा द्व ैजङ्घावऩग््डके द्वे उत्सतयवऩग््डके द्वौ ग्स्पचौ द्वौ वषृणौ एकं शोप् द्वै उखे द्वौ वङ्घणौ द्वौ कुकुन्दयौ एकं फग्स्तशीषवभ ्एकभुदयं द्वौ स्तनौ द्वौ बुजौ द्वे फाहुवऩग््डके धचफुकभेकं द्वावोष्ठौ द्वे सकृ्क्मौ द्वौ दन्तवेष्टकौ एकं तारु एका गरशुग््डका द्व ेउऩग्जग्ह्वके एका

गोग्जग्ह्वका द्वौ ग्डौ द्वे कणवशष्कुसरके द्वौ कणवऩुत्रकौ द्व ेअक्षऺकूटे चत्सवामवक्षऺवत्सभावतन द्व ेअक्षऺकनीतनके द्व ेभ्रुवौ एकाऽवटु् चत्सवारय ऩाणणऩादहृदमातन ॥११॥ There are fifty - six sub - parts associated with the six major parts (of the body). These were not enumerated earlier in the context of the major parts and as such are mentioned here such as - Calves - 2 Thighs - 2 Buttocks - 2 Testicles - 2 Penis - 1 ukhA (axilla) - 2 Groin (sides of the scrotum) - 2 Ischeal tuberosities - 2 Pubis - 1 Abdomen - 1 Breast - 2 Arms - 2 Forearms - 2 Chin - 1 Lips - 2 Corners of the mouth - 2 Gums - 2 Palate - 1 Uvula - 1 upajihvikA (tonsils) - 2 gojihvikA (tongue) - 1 Cheeks - 2

Ear pinnae - 2 Lower portion of the ear pinnae - 2 Eye orbit - 2 Eye lids - 4 Pupils of the eyes - 2 Eye brows - 2 Thyroid - 1 Soles of hands and feet - 4 TOTAL - 56 नव भहग्न्त तछद्राणण सप्त सशयसस द्वे चाध् ॥१२॥ Nine major orifices - seven in the head and two below. एतावदृ्दश्मं शक्मभवऩ तनदेष्टुभ ्॥१३॥ This much is visible and can also be demonstrated. अतनदेश्मभत् ऩयं तक्मवभेव । तद्मथा नव स्नामुशतातन सप्त

ससयाशतातन द्व ेधभनीशत ेचत्सवारय ऩेशीशतातन सप्तोत्सतयं भभवशत ंद्वे सग्न्धशत ेएकोनत्त्रशंत्ससहस्राणण नव च शतातन षट्ऩञ्चाशत्सकातन ससयाधभनीनाभणुश् प्रववबज्मभानाना ंभुखाग्रऩरयभाणं तावग्न्त चैव केशश्भुश्रुरोभानीतत । एतद्मथावत्ससंख्मात ंत्सवक्प्रबतृत दृश्मं तक्मवभत् ऩयभ ्। एतदबुमभवऩ न ववकल्ऩते प्रकृततबावाच्छयीयस्म ॥१४॥ Beyond this they cannot be demonstrated and as such can only be inferred such as: snAyu (ligaments) - 900

sirA (veins) - 700 dhamanI (arteries) - 200 mAMsa (Muscles) - 400 marma(vital organs) - 107 sandhi(joints) - 200 sirAdhamanyaNusha (the end portion of minute branches of bloodvessels (capillaries) - 29956 keshashmashrulomAni (hair on the scalp, beard and mustaches plus skin hairs) - 29956 Thus the skin, etc., which are visible are enumerated properly. Others are known by inference only. Substances of both categories have no variations due to the normal constitution of the body.[14] मत्सत्सवञ्जसरसंख्मेम ंतदऩुदेक्ष्माभ् तत ्ऩयं प्रभाणभसबऻेम ंतच्च ववृद्धह्रासमोधग तक्मवभेव । तद्मथा दशोदकस्माञ्जरम् शयीये स्वेनाञ्जसरप्रभाणेन मत्सत ुप्रच्मवभानं ऩुयीषभनुफध्नात्समततमोगेन तथा भूत्र ंरुधधयभन्मांश्च शयीयधातनू ्मत्सत ुसववसयीयचयं फाह्मा त्सवग्नफबततव मत्सतु त्सवगन्तये व्रनगतं रसीकाशब्दं रबत ेमच्चोष्भणाऽनुफद्धं रोभकूऩेभ्मो तनष्ऩतत ्स्वेदशब्दभवाप्नोतत तददुकं दशाञ्जसरप्रभाणं नवाञ्जरम्ऩूववस्माहायऩरयणाभधातो् म ंयस इत्समाचऺते अष्टौ शोणणतस्म सप्त ऩुयीषस्म षट् श्रेष्भण् ऩञ्च वऩत्सतस्म चत्सवायो भूत्रस्म त्रमो वसामा् द्वौ भेदस् एको भज्जामा् भग्स्तष्कस्माधावञ्जसर् शुक्रस्म तावदेव प्रभाणं तावदेव श्रैग्ष्भकस्मौजस इतत । एतच्छयीयतत्सत्सवभुक्तभ ्॥१५॥

Now the substances measurable in the unit of number of aJNjali * are mentioned. These figures indicate the mean standard and as such there is a scope of increase or decrease. This is also known by inference. Such as, there are ten aJNjalis by the standard of the individual's own aJNjali, of fluid which if discharged accompanies faeces, urine, blood or other dhAtus, circulating in the entire body and is held up by the outermost layer of the skin; beneath the skin exists as lymph exuding through wounds; under influence of heat goes out of the hair follicles as sweat. Nine aJNjalis of the first dhAtu being a product of food and which is known as rasa; eight aJNjalis of blood, seven of feaces, six of kapha, five of pitta, four of urine, three of muscle - fat, two of fat, one of bone marrow, a half - aJNjali each of brain substance, semen and ojas which is of the nature of kapha. Thus in essence the body is described. [15] तत्र मद्ववशेषत् स्थूर ंग्स्थयं भूतत वभद्गुरुखयकठठनभङ्गं

नखाग्स्थदन्तभासंचभववचव् केशश्भश्ररुोभक्डयाठद तत ्ऩाधथववं गन्धो घ्राणं च मद्द्रवसयभन्दग्स्ननधभदृवुऩग्च्छरं यसरुधधयवसाकपवऩत्सतभूत्रस्वेदाठद तदाप्मं यसो यसन ंच मत ्वऩत्सतभूष्भा च मो मा च बा् शयीये तत ्सववभाननेम ंरऩं दशवनं च

मदचु््वासप्रश्वासोन्भेषतनभेषाकुञ्चनप्रसायणगभनप्रेयणधायणाठद तद्वामवीम ंस्ऩशव् स्ऩशवनं च मद्वववक्तं मदचु्मत ेभहाग्न्त चाणूतन स्रोतांसस तदान्तयीऺं शब्द् श्रोत्रं च मत ्प्रमोक्त ृतत ्

प्रधानं फुवद्धभवनश्च । इतत शयीयावमवसंख्मा मथास्थूरबेदेनावमवाना ंतनठदवष्टा ॥१६॥ The body part which is particularly thick, stable, massive, heavy, coarse and hard; and nails, bones, teeth, muscle tissue, skin, faeces, hairs, beards, and mustaches, skin hairs, tendons, etc., along with smell and the olfactory sense are pArthiva (predominant in pR^ithivI mahAbhUta). The liquid, mobile, dull, unctuous, soft and slimy; rasa, blood, muscle - fat, kapha, pitta, urine, sweat, etc., along with taste and the gustatory sense are Apya (predominant in Ap mahAbhUta); pitta, heat, lustre along with vision and the visual sense are Agneya (predominant in agni mahAbhUta); respiration, twinkling of the eys, contraction and relaxation, movement, propulsion and retention along with touch and the tactile sense are vAyavIya (predominant in vAyu mahAbhUta);Vacant space, big and small channels, along with sound and the auditory sense are AntarIxa (predominant in AkAshamahAbhUta). Whatever impels is the principal one (principle of consciousness) along with intellect and mind. Thus the enumeration of the different corporeal body parts is described. [16] शयीयावमवास्तु ऩयभाणुबेदेनाऩरयसखं्मेमा बवग्न्त

अततफहुत्सवादततसौक्ष्भादतीग्न्द्रमत्सवाच्च । तेषा ंसंमोगववबागे ऩयभाणूना ंवामु् कभवस्वबावश्च ॥१७॥ The body components according to the division into the smallest units (cells) are innumerable due to multitude,

minuteness and to being unobservable. The causative agent in conjunction and disjunction of cells is vayu and karmasvabhAva. [17] तदेतच्छयीयं सखं्मातभनेकावमवं दृष्टभेकत्सवेन सङ्ग् ऩथृक्त्सवेनाऩवगव् । तत्र प्रधानभसक्तं सववसत्सतातनवृवत्सतौ तनवतवते इतत ॥१८॥ Thus the body having many parts and enumerated above, if seen synthetically leads to attachment and viewed analytically leads to emancipation. The principal one (consciousness) which is detached, retires after all existant entities cease to be. [18] तत्र श्रोका – शयीयसंख्मा ंमो वेद सवाववमवशो सबषक् । तदऻानतनसभत्सतेन स भोहेन न मुज्मत े॥१९॥

अभूढो भोहभूरैश्च न दोषैयसबबूमते । तनदोषो तन्स्ऩहृ् शान्त् प्रशाम्मत्समऩुनबवव् ॥२०॥ Now the summary verses - The wise physician who knows the enumeration of the body parts does not get confused due to ignorance. One who is free from ignorance does not become overcome by the defects caused by it and as such he, devoid of defects and desires, and who is calm, attains everlasting peace because he is not reborn. [19 - 20]

इत्समग्ननवेशकृते तन्त्र ेचयकप्रततसंस्कृते शायीयस्थान े

शयीयसंख्माशायीयं नाभ सप्तभोऽध्माम् ॥७॥

Thus ends the Seventh Chapter on the Enumeration of the Body Parts in shArIrasthAna in the Treatise Composed by agnivesha and Redacted by charaka. * a handful weighing 160 gm.

Altotus333