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SAN WIN
Assistant Director
Environmental Conservation Department
23 August, 2014
Environment and Climate Change
Adaptation and Mitigation in
Myanmar
Presentation Outlines
Background and Environmental Governance System
Policy
Natural Disasters in Myanmar
Climate Change Movements in Myanmar
Challenges and Gaps
The future Plan
The Environmental Conservation Department (ECD)
is playing as key government agency under the MOECAF since Oct
2012 for the effective implementation of environmental conservation
and management in Myanmar.
Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF)
has been upgraded in place of Ministry of Forestry in September 2011 as the
focal point for the overall environmental management in the country,
coordinating agency for environmental matters and promoting environmentally
sustainable development.
Background of ECD
5 Working Committee under (ECC) (March
2014)
ECC
Policy, Law, Rules,
Procedures and Quality
Standard Working
Committee
Industry Planning, Urban and
Rural Working
Committee
CC Adaptation
and Mitigation Working
Committee
Natural Resource and Cultural
Heritage Conservation
Working Committee
Environmental Education
and Awareness
Raising Working
Committee
Environmental Governance
Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF)
MOECAF
Planning &
Statistics Departme
nt
Forest Departme
nt
Environmental Conservation Department
Myanmar Timber Enterpri
se
Dry Zone Greening Departme
nt
Land Survey Department
Environmental Governance
Environmental Conservation Department
Environmental Conservation Department
(156 + 247)
Administration
(11 + 36)
Admin
Budget
Policy, Int. Relation, Res. and Training
(13 + 11)
Policy & Planning
Int. Relation & Res & Train.
Climate Change
Pollution Control
(11+9)
Urban & Industries
Env. Quality
Natural Resources & EIA
(12+9)
Natural Res. Cons.
EIA
State & Region
(107+182)
Environmental Governance
Mandate of ECD
To implement National Environmental Policy
To develop Short, Medium and Long Term Strategy, Policy and
Planning and Action Plan for the integration of environmental
consideration into in the sustainable development process
To manage natural resources conservation and sustainable
utilization
To manage the pollution control on water, air and land for the
sustainable environment
To cooperate with Gov Organizations, Civil Society, Private
and International Organization concerning with Environmental
Management
Environmental Governance
1. Policy, International relation, Research and Training Division
ECD
To develop planning and its implementation, review and report
To develop legislation related to regulations, guidelines and --
To manage the contribution for the environmental conservation activities
To report for the permission to establish industry and projects
To develop plan of climate change mitigation and adaptation, of combat to desertification and ozone layer protection
To do national report in relation with international agreements
To do research and development and extension
To implement, coordinate and mainstream Climate Chang Adaptation and Mitigation measures (MCCA, CC Policy, Strategic Framework, Action Plan, International Agreement, Intl Cooperation)
Environmental Governance
- To lay down guidelines to promote clean development technology in industries
- To systematic management of industrial waste in industry estate including hazardous waste
- To promote modern technology for waste collection, treatment and recycle
- Monitoring the pollution
Environmental quality
◦ To conduct assessment of environmental quality
◦ To develop the environmental quality standards closely coordination with relevant agencies
◦ To manage waste for the prevention of pollution
Environmental Governance
Natural resources conservation
Assessment of natural resources cooperated with relevant
Departments
To conserve ecosystem, nature reserve, biodiversity
To conserve the wetland and river for sustainability
EIA
To develop EIA procedure and regulation to minimize the impacts
To monitor the implementation of environment conservation
To report the review on EIA report deal with proposed project
Environmental Governance
Policy formulation Environmental Policy (1994)
Myanmar Agenda 21 (1997)
National Sustainable Development Strategy –NSDS (2009)
Environmental Conservation Law (2012)
Environmental Conservation Rules (2014)
National Environmental Policy (1994)
• To achieve harmony and balance between socio-
economic, natural resources and environment
through the integration of environmental
considerations into the development process
enhancing the quality of the life of all its citizens.
• Environmental protection is should always be the
primary objective in seeking development
Environmental Policy
Myanmar Agenda 21 (1997)
To mobilize and focus national efforts to achieve
sustainable development.
To facilitate the incorporation of environmental
considerations in the development process of the economic
and social sectors.
(cont.) Environmental Policy
National Strategy for Sustainable Development
(NSDS)
• Guiding document to implement in harmony
among the 3 pillars of environment, economic and
social sectors.
• Three goals identified are:
- Sustainable management of natural resources;
- Integrated economic development; and
- Sustainable social development.
Environmental Policy
(cont.)
Environmental Conservation Law promulgated on 30
March 2012. The highlights: To establish Integrated Environmental Monitoring System -
Environmental Impact Assessment in the developing projects to incorporate environmental management plan for the mitigation of environmental impacts.
To develop the standards for Environmental quality To encourage green initiatives to adopt its strategies and
action plan for mainstreaming into the development sectors (PES, PPS, REDD+)
Environmental Policy (cont.)
Related Policy and Strategies and Plan Constitution (2008)
Environmental Policy (1994)
Myanmar Agenda 21 (1997)
National Sustainable Development Strategy (2009)
Environmental Conservation Law (2012)
Environmental Conservation Rules (2014)
EIA Procedures (Drafted)
Sectoral Laws and Policies
MAPDRR (2012)
National Adaptation Programme of Action - NAPA (2012) National Road Map for REDD+ strategy
Some of Sectoral Policies Agriculture and Irrigation Policy (Ministry of Agriculture and
Irrigation)
Coal Policy (Ministry of Mines)
Electric power policy Ministry of Electric Power)
Science and technology policy (Ministry of Science and Technology)
Forest Policy (Ministry of Environmental Conservation and
Forestry)
Foreign Investment Law; Myanmar citizens investment law; Special
economic zone law; Dawei special economic zone law
Climate Change Commitments Signed UNFCCC on 11 June 1992 and ratified on
UNFCCC on 25 November 1994.
Ratified on Kyoto Protocol in 2003.
Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry
and Ministry of Transport are focal points for
UNFCCC.
National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA)
8 Priority areas
Agriculture
Early Warning
System
Forest
Public Health
Water Resource
Coastal Zone
Energy and Industry
Bio-diversity
As the commitment of the Convention, the National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA)
has been developed in cooperation with UNEP.
The Initial National Communication (INC) has been implemented with the technical assistance of UNEP funded by Global Environment Facility (GEF) which has been submitted to the UNFCCC Secretariat in December 2012.
Initial National Communication-INC
Priority sectors identified for the climate change concerns Energy, Industry, Agriculture and Livestock, Land use change and forestry, and Waste sector.
ECD, MOECAF is now preparing to implement the Second National Communication (SNC) project with cooperation of UNEP.
Initial National Communication-INC
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance Programme (MCCA)
• to mainstream climate change into the Myanmar policy development and reform agenda, • to prepare National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan integrating climate change in the development planning.
Objectives
jointly being implemented by MOECAF, EU and UN-Habitat, GCCA
• MCCA, chaired by Minister of MOECAF, has been formed with 28 members from 22 ministries, attorney general office, and city development committees in October 2013.
• To mainstream climate Change into reform strategy
and development policy
• To supervise the develop National Climate Change
Policy, Strategy and Action Plan
• To encourage the capacity building and to identify the
climate change adaptation and mitigation measures
• To disseminate CC information, coordinate among
different institutions, and carry out awareness
programme
• To cooperate with INGOs
• To establish technical working group (TWG)
• To establish CC Core Unit
Institution MCCA’s TOR
Natural Disasters in Myanmar
Meteorological Disaster Cyclone Hydrological Disaster Flood Drought Geological Disaster Earthquake Tsunami
Sustainable Development
Approach:
Opportunities/Challenges?
Political Willingness Policy Guidance by President is to work for Economic
Development in Parallel with Environmental Conservation National Development Planning As procedures of MIC, Requirement of Environmental
Clearance for approval of the proposed projects Environmental conservation is included in the
National Plan for Rural development and Poverty alleviation
People awareness People are great attention on environmental conservation
for their livelihood development and their safety
Opportunities
Policy guidelines for Environmental
conservation
• To conserve Forests and Biodiversity
• To reduce Air and Water pollution
• To control of Industrial Waste
• To extend Renewable Energy
• To mobilize Participation of people and social
organizations
• To lay down new policy for economic development in
parallel with environmental conservation
• To review and amend laws and enact new laws on
environmental conservation
National Plan for Rural development and Poverty alleviation
Environmental conservation: One of 8 Development sectors: Agriculture Livestock, Breeding and Fishery Cottage industry Micro saving and Credit Rural cooperative task Rural socio economic Rural energy
•National Economy Development is highly rely on exploitation of
natural resources in terms of Mining, Oil and Gas, Aquatic, Forest
Resources
•Development projects in terms of Dams for Hydropower and
Agriculture, Highways, Industries and Special Economic Zones and
Urbanization are largely increasing.
• Leading to cause resource degradation, ecosystem and loss of
habitat and biodiversity
• Increasing Investments from Transformation of Natural Resources
based Economy to Industrial-based Economy
• Leading to cause environmental pollutions
• Global Climate Change
• Poverty
• Limited Institutional Capacity and Technology
• Poor coordination
• Sustainability of Finance
Challenges
Environnemental Issues Seven key priority areas of environmental issues are
identified through Environmental Performance Assessment (EPA-2009):
Forest Resources Degradation
Biodiversity Degradation
Land Degradation
Water Resources and Quality degradation
Land use
Waste
Extractive Industries
Climate change
Gaps 1. Policy Formulation
-Integration and mainstreaming environmental management in national development plan
-Environmental management framework
-Environmental guidelines including key sectors
2. Capacity building and institutional strengthening
-Human resource in technical skills
-Institution
-Technique
3. Implementation
- Master Action Plan to mainstream into national development planning
- Finance
- Coordination
Future Plan for Environmental Management Policy, Guidelines and Planning
Developing National Environmental Policy, Framework and Action Plan
Laying down the integrated environmental policy, regulations and guidelines
Developing Environmental Quality Standard
Future Plan for Environmental Management Environmental pollution control
Improvement of Capacity building programs
Waste management framework and action plan
Natural Resources and Environmental Sustainability
Environmental data assessment in different sectors
Future Plan for Environmental Management Capacity Development
Strengthening coordination mechanism such as ECC, Monitoring Committee and etc.
Institutional Capacity both human resources and infrastructure of ECD and line ministries and NGOs and Civil Society
Thank you
