Environment part 1.1

8/7/2019 Environment part 1.1

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Environment what it is, how is it affected, causes

and effects

M IBRAHIM BATHUSHA

Department of Civil Engineering,

PSG College of Technology,

Coimbatore 641 004,

[email protected]


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WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT ?WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT ?

Environment covers every objectand every living being which aroundus.

Environment includes physical,cultural economic and aestheticdimensions.

Environment interlinks with

everything existed around us. It isalso affected by every activity. Environment refers to all the living

and non-living aspects of the placeswhere organisms live.


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Environment includes water, air, land and

inter connection (or) inter relationship

which exists among and between water, air,

land and human beings other living

creatures plants, micro-organisms and

property. So environment has also been

considered the total sum of all the factors

that affect on organism.

WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT


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LandWater

Air

Flora, Fauna &

Human

Resources

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources


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Land

Pollution

Water

Pollution

Air

Pollution

Effects on

Mankind &

Environment


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GLOBALENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMSGLOBALENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

ACID RAIN

DESTRUCTION OF BIO-DIVERSITY

WATER POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION

LAND POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

OZONE LAYER DESTRUCTION

DEFORESTATION

SOILEROSION

GLOBALWARMING

FLOOD AND DROUGHT

CULTURAL CHANGES

MARINE POLLUTION

HEALTH PROBLEMS


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ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATIONINTER RELATIONSHIP

ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATIONINTER RELATIONSHIP

ACID RAIN& AIR

POLLUTION

DESTRUCTIONOF

BIO -DIVERSITY

LANDDEGRADATION

FORESTDESTRUCTION

SOIL

EROSIO

N

OZONE

LAYERDEPLATION

OCEANPOLLUTION

SEA WATERINTRUSION

OVEREXTRACTION

OF GW

INDUSTRIES &DOMESTIC

POLLUTION

GLOBALWARMING

CATCHMENT

DEGRADATION

WATERRESOURCES

DEGRADATIONAND UNFITFOR USAGE


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Environmental management

Environmental management is not, as thephrase could suggest, the management of theenvironmentas such, but rather the

management of interaction by the modernhuman societies with, and impact upon theenvironment.. The three main issues that anenvironmental manager need to involve are

policies (networking), programs (projects),and resources (money, facilities, etc.).


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Environmental management involves the

management of all components of the bio-

physical environment, both living (biotic) and

non-living (abiotic).


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A more common philosophy and impetous

behind environmental management is the

concept of carrying capacity of environment.

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number

of organisms a particular resource can sustain.

For example self-purification capacity of river /

natural cleansing capability of atmosphere /assimilative capacity of soil.


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Air Pollution - Definition

Air pollution may be defined as thepresence in the air (outdooratmosphere) of one or morecontaminants or combinations thereofi

n such quanti

ti

es and of suchdurations as may be or tend to beinjurious to human, animal or plantlife, or property, or whichunreasonably interferes with thecomfortable enjoyment of life orproperty or conduct of business.


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Air Pollutant

It is a substance or effect dwelling temporarily or permanently in

the air , which adversely alters the environment by interferingwith the health, the comfort, or the food chain, or byinterfering with the property values of people.

A pollutant can be solid (large or sub-molecular), liquid or gas .

It may originate from a natural or anthropogenic source (or both).

It is estimated that anthropogenic sources have changed thecomposition of global air by less than 0.01%.

However, it is widely accepted that even a small change can havea significant adverse effect on the climate, ecosystem and

species on the planet.Examples of these are acid rain, ozone in the lower atmosphere,

and photochemical smog.


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Increase in CO2 concentration


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GlobalWarming


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Global warming refers to the increase in the

average temperature of the Earth's near-

surface air and oceans.

The term "global warming" is a specific

example of the broader term climate change,

which can also refer to global cooling.


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It is the result of heat absorption by

certain gases in the atmosphere and re-radiation downward of some of that heat.

Water vapor is the most abundant

greenhouse gas, followed by carbon

dioxide and other trace gases.

Absorption and emission of infrared

radiation


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Causes

As human-caused biodiversity loss and

climate disruption.

Recent increases in atmospheric CO2.

-(from cars, buildings, power plants, airplanes)

Volcanic eruptions.

Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.


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Effects

climate change

Rising sea levels

glacier retreat

tropical diseases

economic impact

Ozone layer depletion


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Prevention

Mankind has the power to destroy the planet,

also has the power to save it.

Cut down on your carbon emissions

Waste and recycling

Home maintenance

Appliances


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At the international level, the Kyoto treaty was

written to reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gas

emissions worldwide. Thirty-five industrialized

nations have committed to reducing their output of

those gases to varying degrees. Unfortunately, the

United States, the world's primary producer of

greenhouse gases, did not sign the treaty.


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Remedial Measures

We need to develop non-fossil fuel energy sources.

Plant trees and other plants where you can.

Turn lights and other appliances off when you're not

using them.

Switch from incandescent light bulbs to fluorescent

bulbs, which use less energy and last longer


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Convention on

climate change `92

Aim to stabilize the quantity of green house gas

it recognized countries to exploit their resources

under sustainable manner

It recognized UDC to increase green house gases to

achieve development.

DC to stabilize their CO2 emission by 2000 same

as 1990 levels, then reduce significantly.


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Convention on

Climate Change `95

Climatic change have positive, negative impact

Sea level rise result in flooding in coastal

regions and small islands Great uncertainty surrounds most coastal

Sea level rise, Cyclones, storm surges and floods.

Land water closely related with climate

Health could be affected by heat, Disease

are potentially at large


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Global environment facility

Established in 1991

To help DCs to deal with environmental

concerns Provides financial for

Reduction in green house gases

Protection of ozone layer, biological diversity

Invest in green fuels

Technical and research assistance in study of pollution


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Kyoto protocol

United Nations treaty that was introduced onDecember 11th, 1997 and came in effect on

Feb 16th, 2005 with the objective of reducing

Greenhouse gases.

It stipulates quotes on reduction in gas emission 8% European union

7% U.S.A

6% Canada , japan

0% Russia and New Zealand

Allows 1% Norway, 8% Australia, 10% Ireland.


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KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION

Developed countries to reduce their combined

emission from 2008 2012 as 1990 level

Clean development mechanism Protocol adaptation fund


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Carbon Emission

Documents

Environment part 1.1