• Doug Morris - Air Canada pilot - 16,000 flight hours

Environment Canada

• Certified meteorologist (Environment Canada)

• Author: From the Flight Deck: Plane Talk and Sky Science• Freelance writer, weather instructor for student pilots

Safety, Comfort, ScheduleSafety, Comfort, Scheduley, ,y, ,

Voted safest airline in the world

Some Aviation AdagesLearn from the mistakes of others; you’ll not live long enoughLearn from the mistakes of others; you ll not live long enough to make them all yourself. -Transport Canada’s safety newsletter

If you think safety is expensive, try having an accident.

It’s better to arrive late in this world, than early in the next.

If you want to make a smallsmall fortune in aviation, start with a largelarge one.

Most dangerous thing about flying is the drive to the airport.

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3400 pilots at Air CanadaContract predicated on CARs (Canadian Aviation Regulations)p ( g )Mandatory retirement: Age 60Average hiring age:35 Starting salary: $38,000Forecast shortage of pilotsForecast shortage of pilotsYou can wear glasses, four percent femaleThree ways to become pilot: flight colleges, flying clubs, militaryAbout 30 percent bilingual

“Joy stick”“Joy stick”Fly by wire

Autothrust

Airbus 340

All flights are conducted with SOP’s (StandardAll flights are conducted with SOP s (Standard Operating Procedures)

Every flight is performed using checklists (approximately ten) for each phase of flight with(approximately ten) for each phase of flight with everything recorded by cockpit voice recorder

All flying is performed using CRM (Crew ResourceAll flying is performed using CRM (Crew Resource Management) (Must take three day course)

Flight DispatchFlight Dispatch

Air Canada Flight Dispatch

•Total of 650 to 700 flights a day

•Flight plan program estimates fuel burn to within 100 kgs g p p g gand to within one minute. For a trip to Hong Kong from Toronto it requires 150,000 kgs and takes over 15 hours.•(Fuel amount can send a Honda Civic around equator 60 times)

•Accuracy same as driving from Halifax to Vancouver with fuel budget to within 50 cents)within 50 cents)

•Flight dispatch responsible for flight following

•Total of 16 desks working around the clock

• Can communicate with them through phone, data link, VHF radio, satellite phone, ARINC (extra radio)

Pilot can’t exceed 13 hours duty per day

15 hours with three pilots, 18 with four

Can’t exceed 40 hours in 7 days (CARs)

120 in one month, 300 in three months, 1200 in one year

Can use the “f” word (fatigue)

Can now have controlled naps up to 40 minutes

Pilot Crew Rest (Airbus 340)

Weather Contenders

ThunderstormsWindsWindsTurbulenceFogI iIcingForecastsRunway conditionsySpace Weather

Deicing

Clean wing ruling after crash in Dryden, Ontario 1989.No ice or snow can adhere to wings of aircraft.

CDF (Central Deice facility) TorontoCDF (Central Deice facility) TorontoEach deice truck costs $1 million

Typical Airbus 320 takes 300 liters of type I and 250 liters of type IV

Liter type I about 1 dollar and near double for type IVy

Polar Routes- space weather

Cosmic radiation: (four factors) duration of flight altitude latitudeduration of flight, altitude, latitude, solar flares

1 to 5 rating: S5 (extreme) -equivalent to 100 chest x-raysq y

St i C tStaying Current

Pilots are tested every six to eight months

They must pass a medical every six months over the age of forty

Must have annual route checks, annual t t i i b b d ti brecurrent training,can be observed anytime by

Transport Canada

Flight Simulator

Typical simulator cost - $20 million

Cost per hour: $800-$1000

Number of simulators at Air Canada: 11Number of simulators at Air Canada: 11

Air Traffic Control

International language is EnglishInternational language is English

Standard phraseology

Accident: 1978 Cranbrook, B.CCrash trying to avoid collision with snowplow. “vacate instead of clear the runway.”

Standards dictated by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization)Organization)

Aircraft Maintenance

•1. Most basic check is walk-around done by pilot•2. Trip checkp•3. Service check every 48 hours•4. A,C, H checks with H check the most extensive•H check aircraft completely dismantled.•H check due at 12000 landings or 72 months•B767 will take 250 specialists 47 days working three shifts

Tires, brakes and all jet engines leased

All tires have individual log books

Less wear on engines by not using full power g y g pon take off and by not using maximum reverse on landing

All snags must be referred to onboard MEL (Minimum Equipment List)( q p )

Innovations making aviation safer

TCAS (Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System)

On board LLWS (Low Level Wind Shear) detection equipment

Weather radar, ice detection systems

More automation: auto-land, better autopilotsbetter crew rests, more automated communicationbetter crew rests, more automated communication

FOQA (Flight Operations Quality Assurance)How airplanes are flown (Data taken from Flight Data Recorders)

Aircraft 2000 feet above

TCAS

Accidents do happen