Environmental and Social Management Framework for ... · In 2015, Seychelles was the African country with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Seychelles’ economy

THIRD SOUTH WEST INDIAN OCEAN FISHERIES GOVERNANCE AND

SHARED GROWTH PROJECT (SWIOFish3)

Environmental and Social Management

Framework for SWIOFish3 Project

February 2017

CONTENTS

Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. i

1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1

2.0 SWIOFish3 PROJECT......................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Components ...................................................................................................................... 3 2.4 Project Cost and Financing .............................................................................................. 6 2.5 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements for SWIOFish3 .................................... 6

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEYCHELLES ............ 8 3.1 Country and Sectoral Context .......................................................................................... 8 3.2 Geographic Location ...................................................................................................... 10 3.3 Physical Characteristics.................................................................................................. 11 3.4 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems ..................................................................................... 12 3.5 Protected Areas .............................................................................................................. 16 3.6 Marine Fauna.................................................................................................................. 17 3.7 Fish Resources................................................................................................................ 18 3.8 Socioeconomic Characteristics ...................................................................................... 19

4.0 LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK .......................................... 23 4.1 ESIA Process .................................................................................................................. 23 4.2 Protected Areas .............................................................................................................. 24 4.3 Fisheries ......................................................................................................................... 27 4.4 Blue Economy ................................................................................................................ 29

5.0 APPLICABLE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES.......................................... 31

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) ......... 33 6.1 Sub-Project Activities and Possible Sub-Projects Types that Raise Environmental .......

and Social Concerns ....................................................................................................... 33 6.2 Structure of ESMF ......................................................................................................... 38 6.3 Environmental and Social Screening ............................................................................. 38 6.4 Environmental and Social Scoping ................................................................................ 42 6.5 Execution of Environmental and Social Studies ............................................................ 45 6.6 Incorporation of Environmental and Social Sustainability into Sub-Project ....................

Procurement Process ...................................................................................................... 45 6.7 Environmental and Social Compliance Oversight ......................................................... 46 6.8 Project Management and ESMF Implementation Arrangements .................................. 47 6.10 Budget Considerations ................................................................................................... 52

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 54

ANNEXES

I Potential Positive Environmental and Social Impacts of SWIOFish3 Project, and Generic

Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Risks of Aquaculture and Fisheries Sub-

Projects, and Mitigation Measures

II Documents Containing More Detailed SWIOFish3 Project Activities and Possible

Sub-Projects

III Environmental and Social Screening Tools Form

IV Environmental and Social Scoping Form

V TOR for ESIA

VI TOR for Contractor’s Site-Specific ESMP and Site-Specific HSMP

VII Due Diligence Checklist for ESIA Report

VIII ESHS Criteria for Evaluation of Bid Proposals

IX ESHS Conditions of Particular Application

X ESHS Technical Specifications for Construction

XI Environmental and Social Compliance Report

XII EIA Process in Seychelles

ACRONYMS

BIF Blue Investment Fund

CBO Community-Based Organization

DBS Development Bank of Seychelles

EAPS Environmental Assessment and Permit Section

EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone

ESHS Environmental, Social, Health and Safety

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consultation

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GEF Global Environment Facility

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

HSMP Health and Safety Management Plan

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

IPHS Ile du Port Handling Services

LRP Livelihood Restoration Program

MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries

MEECC Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change

MFTEP Ministry of Finance, Trade and Economic Planning

MPA Marine Protected Area

NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015-2020

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

OP Operational Policy

PAN Protected Area Network

PAP Project Affected Person

PIU Project Implementation Unit

PF Process Framework

SeyCCAT Seychelles Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust

SS-ESMP Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan

SS-HSMP Site-Specific Health and Safety Management Plan

SWIOFC South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Commission

SWIOFish3 Third South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance and Shared Growth Project

TOR Terms of Reference

UN United Nations

UNDP United Nations Development Program

WB World Bank

i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This document develops the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the

Third South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance and Shared Growth Project (SWIOFish3).

The following sections summarize: i) the SWIOFish3 Project; ii) the environmental and social

characteristics of Seychelles; iii) the legal, institutional and policy framework of the country; iv)

the World Bank safeguards policies applicable to the Project; and v) the Environmental and

Social Management Framework.

I. SWIOFish3 PROJECT

i) Project Development Objective

The Project Development Objective of SWIOFish3 is to improve management of marine areas

and fisheries in targeted zones and strengthen fisheries value chains in the Seychelles.

ii) Components

The SWIOFish3 Project will support the Government of Seychelles in achieving its dual

objectives of marine resources conservation and expansion of the seafood value chains. Seafood

value-chains are a cornerstone of the country’s blue economy strategy and their expansion is

expected to deliver long-term, resilient growth, jobs and food security and will be the focus of

component 3. However, this development will not be sustainable if their marine resource base is

not properly managed, which will be supported by components 1 and 2. Because marine and

coastal resource management will potentially translate into reduced access to the resource,

component 3 will provide opportunities for investment in post-harvesting and service

components of the fisheries value chain, thus offsetting socioeconomic impacts and fostering

adherence to the management measures.

Component 1: Expanded Sustainable-Use Marine Protected Areas

Budget: US$4.15 million

Including: US$2.65 million (GEF grant)

US$1.5 million (Blue Bond proceeds)

The first component of the project will support the Government of Seychelles to implement its

pledge to protect an increasing share of its maritime space. It will build on the marine spatial

planning exercise that the Government is currently undertaking through a scientific and

consultative process.

Component 2: Improved Governance of Priority Fisheries




ii

The second component of the project will have a greater focus on national fisheries management.

The key current fisheries management initiative in Seychelles is the Mahé Plateau fisheries

management plan, which is being finalized by the Government. Component 2 will have a major

focus on the finalization and the implementation of the Mahé Plateau fisheries management plan,

as well as on the other management initiatives. It will also reinforce the sector’s governance by

an array of targeted investments.

Component 3: Sustainable Development of the Blue Economy


Including: US$4.0 million (IBRD loan)


Component 3 will help finance the sustainable development of the Seychelles blue economy and

support increased value-addition in the aquaculture, industrial, semi-industrial and artisanal

fishing and processing sectors. Component 3 will help compensate fishers for any reduced access

to the resource resulting from marine and coastal resource management measures implemented

under the first two components and foster adherence to the management agenda.

Component 4: Project Management and Coordination

Budget: US$1.0 million (IBRD loan)

The last component will support the coordination and implementation of the project. It will

support the operation of the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and steering committee.

Activities supported include monitoring and evaluation, audits, mid-term and final evaluation

reports, and other costs associated with core operational functions (training, equipment, staff,

manuals, etc.).

iii) Project Cost and Financing

The project will be financed through a $5 million loan from the International Bank for

Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and a $5.3 million grant from the GEF, as well as the

proceeds of the first Blue Bond.

iv) Institutional and Implementation Arrangements for SWIOFish3

The project will be implemented jointly by the Ministry of Finance, Trade and Economic

Planning (MFTEP), the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture and the Ministry of Environment,

Energy and Climate Change. The MFTEP will lead the implementation of the project. It has the

mandate, convening power and vision necessary to oversee the preparation and implementation

of the project, as well as sufficient management and fiduciary capacity to ensure efficient

coordination of project activities. The two other ministries have the technical expertise to

implement the project activities but lack the necessary workforce.

iii

A PIU will be embedded within the MFTEP. The PIU will be in charge of coordinating the

implementation of the project activities, and of the procurement and the financial management of

the project. An Environmental and Social Specialist will be designated as part of the staff of the

PIU.

Each ministry will be responsible for the implementation of its activities, and the PIU at the

MFTEP will act as the coordinating body. Focal points will be appointed within the Ministry of

Fisheries and Agriculture and the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change. The

PIU will implement the project under the oversight of a steering committee.

The proceeds of the Blue Bond will follow two tracks. The first track will consist of grants that

will fund the implementation of the marine spatial planning and the Mahé Plateau fisheries

management plan. The grant process will be managed by the Seychelles Conservation and

Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT). The second track will create a Blue Investment Fund and

provide loans to fishers and other private and public entities for activities consistent with the

provisions of the Mahé Plateau fisheries management plan. This second track will be managed

by the Development Bank of Seychelles.

II. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SEYCHELLES

Given the nature of the SWIOFish3 Project, the description of main ecosystems, natural

resources and economic activities focuses on those associated with marine and coastal areas.

i) Country and Sectoral Context

Seychelles’ geography is unique but challenging. The Seychelles archipelago consists of 115

granite and coral islands with an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of approximately 1.4 million

km2, almost three thousand times the size of its land area. The population is about 90,000,

around 90 percent of which is located on the main island of Mahé. Small size, insularity, limited

land, capital, and human resources restrict its ability to benefit from economies of scale in

production and economic diversification. High dependency on external markets creates

vulnerability to external factors. The country’s comparative advantage lies with its natural

capital, vividly preserved by public policies. Seychelles is endowed with an extremely rich

biodiversity, both marine and terrestrial, making it part of one of Conservation International’s

designated biodiversity hotspots. Endemism is exceptionally high at over 60% for animals in

general and 50% for plants. Seychelles is one of the world's most environmentally conscious

nations, having officially protected more than half of its total land area from development and

pledged to protect 30 percent of its EEZ.

In 2015, Seychelles was the African country with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per

capita. Seychelles’ economy expanded strongly in 2015, by 4.3%. Unemployment is low and

labor force participation is particularly high, at 70% in 2015. The tourism sector remains the

major engine of growth, and is benefiting from efforts to diversify source markets to the Middle

East and Asia. Despite the recent, robust pace of growth, inflation has remained contained, due

partly to favorable imported energy and food prices. Poverty rates in Seychelles are expected to

remain among the lowest in the world outside the Organization for Economic Cooperation and

iv

Development. Recent estimates show that extreme poverty, stood at 1.1% of the population in

2013. However, inequality is substantial, with a gross income-based Gini index of 0.46 in 2013.

The fisheries sector is the second most important sector of the Seychellois economy. Its annual

contribution to GDP varies from 8 to 20 percent and it employs 17 percent of the total

population. Nonetheless, the contribution of fisheries is underestimated as many services to the

sector, notably those in support of the industrial tuna fishery, are not captured in the GDP

estimates. In 2012, the value of exports of consumable fish and fish products constituted 93% of

the total value of domestic exports. The sector can broadly be divided into three sub-sectors: (i)

the artisanal demersal fishery; (ii) the industrial and semi-industrial pelagic fisheries; and (iii) the

seafood processing industry. The artisanal demersal fishery is of paramount importance to the

Seychellois. The industrial, and to a lesser extent the semi-industrial, pelagic fisheries account

for the lion’s share of the catch. They are located offshore, in deeper waters, and involve

significantly larger vessels: purse seiners and longliners. Seychelles is a major seafood

processing hub and intends to increase the contribution of the seafood industry to its blue

economy.

The Government of Seychelles has placed the seafood industry at the center of its blue economy

strategy and aims at progressively increasing the share of landed catch that is processed locally

instead of being transshipped, targeting in particular non-canned tuna products as well as bycatch

and byproducts of the tuna industry. There is increasing evidence that the pressures exerted by

the fisheries and tourism sectors on the marine natural resources are reaching unsustainable

levels. Though skipjack and bigeye tuna stocks are currently healthy, yellowfin tuna is

overfished and subject to a rebuilding plan. Several species of demersal fish are subject to

overfishing, or at risk from overfishing, with declining catch rates symptomatic of worsening

status in key fisheries. The pressures on demersal and reef-associated pelagic resources come

from overfishing in the artisanal, recreational and sport fishing sub-sectors and from an

increasing environmental footprint of the tourism industry. They are particularly acute on the

Mahé Plateau, where the population and economic activity are concentrated. The fisheries are

open-access, which impedes any action to limit the fishing effort and ensure their sustainability.

The unsustainable use of the marine environment is a major risk to the future of Seychelles’ blue

economy. The country’s comparative advantage lies in its natural capital and the tourism and

fisheries sectors are overly dependent on the health of coastal and marine ecosystems. Depleting

fisheries would rapidly lead to a loss of income for fishers and tourism operators, and would

jeopardize the local seafood industry and any future investment in the blue economy. It would

also pose significant risk to nutrition and food security in the country, where almost all the fish

that is consumed is fished locally. The management of Seychelles marine ecosystems and

fisheries is hampered by insufficient financing, capacity, and legal and institutional frameworks

Faced with the need to preserve its comparative advantage in natural capital for the future

generations, the Government of Seychelles adopted an ambitious marine conservation strategy.

Seychelles pledged to protect 30% of its EEZ by 2020 and initiated a marine spatial planning

exercise to serve as the foundation of its sustainable blue economy and conservation strategy.

This marine spatial planning exercise started in 2015 and aims at improving the planning and

management of the country’s vast maritime space. It will progressively identify and gazette areas

v

amounting to 15% of the EEZ to be protected as high biodiversity zones, where fishing will be

prohibited, and another 15% to be protected as medium biodiversity zones, allowing for some

sustainable economic activities - including controlled fishing. In parallel but in the same

framework, Seychelles is preparing to implement new management plans for its major fisheries,

including the first fisheries management plan for the Mahé Plateau, with a view to progressively

transition from an open-access fishery to a more controlled fishery. The Mahé Plateau fisheries

management plan has been drafted and is in the final stages of consultation. It will follow a

continuous improvement approach, focusing on easy-gain and priority species during the first

years of its implementation, and progressively moving to a more comprehensive coverage of the

demersal fisheries.

ii) Location

The following map provides the location of Seychelles in the African continent, and delineates

its Exclusive Economic Zone and marine protected areas.

Geographic Location of Seychelles

Source: SMSP, 2015, p. 2.

vi

iii) Coastal and Marine Ecosystems

The coastal-marine environment of Seychelles is complex and includes a series of habitats and

biogeochemical processes that influence the dynamics and functionality of ecosystems. These

ecosystems include coastal plains, mangrove forests, coral reefs, reef flats, seagrass beds, rocky

shores and intertidal areas.

These ecosystems are interconnected to form a complex coastal-marine ecosystem. They provide

important nesting and foraging grounds for numerous micro and macro-organisms, assist in

nutrient and hydrological cycles, larval and sediment transport and provide important protein

sources for the coastal communities.

The coastal terrestrial ecosystems of Seychelles are: coastal terrestrial ecosystems, and mangrove

forests and coastal wetlands. The marine ecosystems are: coral reefs, reef flats, seagrass beds,

rocky shores, and the intertidal zone. Chapter 3.0 describes in detail these ecosystems.

iv) Protected Areas

The terrestrial Protected Area Network (PAN) constitutes 46.6% of Seychelles’ total landmass,

an enormous commitment to biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, recently the Government

stated the political objective of incorporating more than 50% of Seychelles landmass in the PAN

and preliminary approval has been given for the declaration of additional areas to take the total

over 50%. These percentages are very impressive, but perhaps more important than the quantity

is the quality of protected areas in question. The vast majority of Seychelles endemic

biodiversity is to be found in the ancient granitic inner islands. Within the granitic islands

however, 22.3% of the landmass or significantly less than the national average is currently

protected.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Seychelles present a very different scenario. Seychelles was

the first country in east Africa to establish a network of MPAs, but at the time of their selection

they were primarily chosen for touristic utility, as opposed to biodiversity criteria, as at that time

the marine environment was still of a relatively homogenous high quality. Subsequent human

development activities and impacts, and notably the 1998 coral bleaching event, have changed

that scenario. Furthermore, unlike the terrestrial scenario where nearly 50% of the landmass lies

within the PAN, the existing MPAs in Seychelles constitute less than 1% of the country’s

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

In Seychelles there are at least the following five different types of MPAs: marine national park,

shell (mollusk) reserve, special reserve, protected areas, and strict natural reserve.

The Seychelles Government has recognized this shortfall in the marine domain and has initiated

a marine spatial planning process with the ultimate objective of designating 30% of the EEZ as

protected. Half of that area, or 15% of the EEZ, is to be designated as strict no-take zones.

vii

v) Fish Resources

The vast majority of fish found in Seychelles are wide ranging species that extend across the

Indian Ocean to the western or mid Pacific Ocean. In addition to open ocean pelagic waters,

which constitute the bulk of the EEZ, Seychelles is characterized by a series of continental

shelves with a total surface area of almost 50,000 km2. Therefore, there are a wide range of

marine habitats for fishes, including shallow water fringing reefs, granitic reefs, banks, plateaus,

shelves and drop-offs, atolls, lagoons, seamounts, abyssal and pelagic habitats.

Seychelles waters are relatively rich in fishing resources. A total of 1196 marine species

belonging to 140 families have been recorded in Seychelles. However, a relatively low

percentage of these species are targeted by the fisheries sectors (industrial, semi-industrial or

artisanal).

It has become increasingly apparent since the mid-1980s that the demersal fishery resources of

the Mahé Plateau were being overexploited. Initially, it was considered a concern of the inner

reefs and policies were introduced to relocate fishing pressure to offshore banks. Analysis of

Vessel Monitoring System data indicate that the entire plateau is now heavily exploited, with

fishery indicators and stock assessments presenting evidence of overfishing for high value

species. This is particularly apparent in the decline of the occurrence, diversity and abundance of

Serranidae on the plateau, with several species now very scarce or absent from the Mahé Plateau

catch. Declines and overfishing are also apparent in the emperor red snapper (Lutjanus sebae)

and the brownspotted grouper (Epinephelus chlorostigma).

vi) Economic Activities

Fisheries Sector

As mentioned above, Seychelles has a well-developed fishing sector that is a vital part of the

social and economic development of the country. Fishing alone accounts for around 8 per cent of

the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around one sixth of employment. It is the country’s

largest foreign exchange earning sector.

It is estimated that the fishing sector, including ancillary activities, generates both directly and

indirectly around 6,000 jobs, amounting to about 17% of total formal employment. Since 2004,

the percentage of fisheries contribution to the total GDP has been increasing from 6.4% to 7.7%

in 2008. It is believed that if all fisheries-related activities were taken into account, the annual

true contribution to GDP would be between 15 and 20%.

The per capita consumption of fish in Seychelles is one of the highest in the world at around 54-

65 kg/person/year.

Small-Scale Fisheries

Subsistence and semi-industrial small-scale fishing contribute between 1% and 2% to GDP

annually. Land-based economic opportunities are very limited in the Seychelles. Fishing is,

viii

therefore, an integral source of income, employment, food security and foreign exchange in the

country. Of the total employment generated by the fisheries sector, some 30% of this

employment is in the small-scale fisheries, and 10% of the population is reliant on income from

the small-scale fishing sector.

The estimated number of full-time fishers employed in the artisanal demersal fishing sector in

2007 amounted to approximately 1,050, plus an indeterminate number of part-time and

recreational fishermen. It has been estimated that full-time demersal fishers represent 62% of the

total number of fishers in the artisanal fisheries sector and account for 73% of total fish landings.

The number of persons employed in the land-based artisanal fisheries processing sector is

approximately 200 (including around 25 part time workers).

The artisanal fisheries, which are largely open access, provide the bulk of all fish consumed

locally. Catches in the commercial sector of the artisanal fishery have declined steadily from

4778 tons in 2008 to 2511 tons in 2012, but have increased to 4135 tons in 2013 (as a

consequence of an increase in effort). Landings of the sport and recreational sectors, which are

suspected to be significant, are however unknown.

The submarine banks of Seychelles form the basis of the artisanal fisheries, providing vital food

security, employment and high value trade commodities. The Mahé Plateau is of particular

importance. This shallow bank of some 39,000 km2 supports important demersal fisheries such

as: Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae, Serranidiae, and Siganidae. Some 100 species of demersal

fish are commonly caught. Also important are the sea cucumber, lobster and octopus fisheries.

The artisanal fisheries, practiced solely by Seychellois fishers, comprise a variety of vessel and

gear types. Although still used in a few near-shore areas, the traditional wooden canoes have

largely been replaced by more powerful craft. The fleet is now dominated by small fiberglass

boats powered by outboard motors (over 15 horsepower) and partially decked whaler vessels

powered by inboard motors. Until the introduction of the schooner fishery in 1974, the fleet was

largely restricted to near-shore fishing grounds on the Mahé Plateau, but now has moved further

offshore. The outlying coralline islands and atolls are less exploited. The main gear type

employed is hook and line, with bamboo traps, beach seines, droplines and longlines of lesser

importance. Spear guns and shark gill nets are prohibited in Seychelles, as is the use of trawl nets

to target demersal resources.

Semi-Industrial and Industrial Fisheries

Within the Seychelles EEZ, semi-industrial and industrial fishing is practiced by a combination

of fleets of local- and foreign-owned vessels, primarily capturing Bluefin and Bigeye tuna. Semi-

industrial fishing comprises locally-owned longliners plying techniques such as longlining,

handlining and droplining to land swordfish and tuna, whereas industrial fishing is comprised of

foreign-owned long-liners and purse seiners. Over 110,000 tons of fish were landed by semi-

industrial and industrial fishing within the Seychelles EEZ in 2013.

ix

The semi-industrial fisheries have a large-pelagic longline component, a demersal hook and line

fishery and a sea cucumber diving component. Most of the fish from these fisheries, except for a

small proportion of linefish and tuna, is exported.

As a result of the semi-industrial and industrial fisheries within the Seychelles EEZ, the second

largest cannery in the world is the leading employer in the Seychelles, with a workforce of over

2,500.

Tourism and Recreation

A major contributor to the GDP of Seychelles is tourism, amounting to 25.6% in 2010, which is

an increase of 2.2% from 2007. The tourism industry directly employed 25% of the labor force

and generated in the order of $270 million per year in 2012.

The sport and the recreational sectors target demersal fish species. The sport fisheries are a

relatively small sector made up of licensed super ski boats, primarily taking tourists out for big

game fishing for species such as wahoo, dolphin fish, sailfish, tuna and marlin. The main gear

type used is trolling; however, some handline fishing for demersal species are also conducted. Its

contribution to the coastal livelihood is relatively unknown, as there are few data collected for

these fisheries. Similarly, the monitoring of recreational fisheries is virtually nonexistent, since

anyone can fish for leisure or as a hobby in Seychelles, and no license is required for recreational

fishing. Recreational fishers are mostly active during the evenings and weekends, and most of

this catch is commercialized.

III. LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

Given the nature of the Project, this summary focuses on the Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment (ESIA) process in the country, and the pertinent frameworks for protected areas, the

fisheries sector and the blue economy.

i) ESIA Process

The Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change (MEECC) manages the ESIA process

in the country, specifically through the Environmental Assessment and Permit Section (EAPS)

within the Department of Environment.

Section 44 (1) of the Environment Protection Act, 2016 (Act 18 of 2016) establishes the

requirement of an Environmental Authorization for any development defined in the Act (e.g.,

land subdivisions, reclamation works, construction of new roads or sea walls, etc.), any

“prescribed project or activity” or any project or activity proposed in a protected or ecologically

sensitive area. The Environmental Authorization is granted or denied based on the review of an

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Class I. Sections 45, 46 and 47 of the Act deal with

EIAs.

x

Schedule 1 of the Environment Protection (Impact Assessment) Regulations of 1996, titled

“Projects or Activities Requiring Environmental Authorization,” lists the “prescribed projects

and activities” mentioned in the Act. Schedule 1 includes:

“4 Fish and associated products farming:

4-1 Fish farming works and extension, aquaculture.

4-2 Fish processing plants and equipment.”

Based on the above, the Seychellois environmental regulations require the preparation of an

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for some of the types of sub-projects likely

to be included in Sub-component 3.2 (Expansion of the Sea-Food Value Chains) of the

SWIOFish3 Project. The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the

Project complies with these regulations by specifying the requirement of an ESIA for the types

of fisheries sub-projects listed in Schedule 1

ii) Protected Areas

The Convention on Biological Diversity is the main international commitment that Seychelles

has vis-a-vis Protected Areas. Seychelles committed to protection of 30% of its marine area in

Rio+20 (2009). These obligations are furthered in the newly developed Protected Areas Policy

2013 and the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015- 2020.

The following institutions are involved in the management of marine protected areas:

Department of Environment within the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change

(MEECC), the Seychelles National Parks Authority, the Seychelles Fishing Authority, the

Seychelles Islands Foundation and several Non Governmental Organizations, including Nature

Seychelles and the Islands Conservation Society.

The following pieces of legislation are relevant: National Parks and Nature Conservancy Act

(1969), Fisheries Regulations (1987), Protected Areas Act (1967), Beach Control Act (1971),

Forest Reserves Act (1995) and Wild Birds Protection Act (1966).

iii) Fisheries

The Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) is responsible for providing policy directions

for the fisheries sector. The Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA), a line agency of MAF, is the

executive arm of government for fisheries.

The Fisheries Act (2014) provides for the management and sustainable development of fisheries,

including aquaculture. It also makes provision for the licensing of fishing vessels, the regulation

and enforcement of fishing activities, and offences.

iv) Blue Economy

Seychelles has adopted a strategic development agenda built conceptually on the blue economy,

which recognizes the challenges of reconciling economic growth while maintaining the integrity

of socio-ecological systems. The importance of the ocean to sustainable economic development

xi

was recognized by the formation of a Department of the Blue Economy, under the Ministry of

Finance, Trade and the Blue Economy, in 2015. In late 2016, the Department migrated to the

Office of the Vice-President. Seychelles has prepared a National Blue Economy Roadmap to

support its transition to a more integrated and sustainable ocean-based economy.

IV. APPLICABLE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES

The table below identifies the World Bank safeguard policies triggered by the Project and

explains why.

Applicable World Bank Safeguards Policies

Safeguard

Policies Triggered? Explanation

Environmental

Assessment

OP/BP 4.01

Yes Sub-component 3.2: Expansion of the Sea-Food Value Chains includes funding of sub-projects

dealing potentially with aquaculture, facilities to process fish and fish byproducts, facilities for

cold storage, and service enterprises for cold storage and cold-chain maintenance, vessel

services and vessel refitting.

All of the above potential sub-projects are small to medium scale. As elaborated in Chapter 6.0,

they are likely to generate minor to moderate negative environmental and social impacts and

risks that can be prevented and managed with standard mitigation measures.

The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) identifies the likely impacts

and risks of the SWIOFish3 Project, which will be overwhelmingly positive, and provides

procedures to screen sub-projects, determine the level of environmental and social assessment

required for each sub-project based on identified impacts and risks, and oversee the

environmental and social performance of sub-projects during implementation.

Natural

Habitats

OP/BP 4.04

Yes SWIOFish3 Project activities included in Components 1 and 2 involve capacity building and

technical assistance, research, monitoring and control of natural resources and economic

activities, improvement of the fisheries statistics system, finalization and approval of marine

resources management and co-management plans, and improvement of the regulatory

framework for fisheries and protected areas. All these activities will lead to the improved

management and protection of marine and coastal ecosystems that serve as habitats for fauna

species of commercial and recreational value, as well as species important to overall ecosystem

health and functioning.

Under Sub-component 3.2: Expansion of the Sea-Food Value Chains, aquaculture sub-projects

are potentially eligible for funding. The likely sites for these projects are certain pre-established

coastal and marine areas, some of which are natural habitats for aquatic fauna. As stipulated in

Seychelles environmental regulatory framework, the ESMF requires the preparation of an

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for each of these sub-projects.

Forests OP/BP

4.36

No The SWIOFish3 Project will not be implemented in forested areas.

Pest

Management

OP 4.09

No The SWIOFish3 Project does not require the use of pesticides.

Physical

Cultural

Resources

OP/BP 4.11

No There are no comprehensive surveys of shipwrecks in Seychelles (SFA, 2016, p. 97) and a

recent study found no records or publications on maritime or terrestrial archaeological work in

Seychelles (Ibid).

The development of the small and medium scale aquaculture sub-projects likely to receive

financing under the SWIOFish3 Project will not disturb the sea floor where shipwrecks might

be found.

Indigenous

Peoples

OP/BP 4.10

No There are no indigenous peoples settled in the area of implementation of the SWIOFish3

Project.

xii

Safeguard


Involuntary

Resettlement

OP/BP 4.12

Yes Sub-component 2.1: Fisheries Management Plans and Sub-component 1.1: Expansion of the

Medium Biodiversity Areas involve support in developing and implementing fisheries co-

management plans and the marine spatial plan, as well as their associated regulatory

frameworks. Although these sub-components will lead to the sustainable management of

marine resources, in the short to medium term they will affect the livelihoods of fishing- and

tourist-related enterprises, communities and individuals that currently have open access to the

areas and resources that will be subjected to much stricter protection, management and

regulation. In addition, the fleet licensing scheme included in the fisheries co-management

plans will result in the decommissioning from service of some fishing and tourism vessels, and

the consequent displacement from fishing and tourism activities of affected vessel owners,

operators and fishers.

Following the guidelines established in OP/BP 4.12, a separate report includes a Process

Framework to address the impacts of the restriction of access to marine and coastal areas and

resources.

Safety of

Dams OP/BP

4.37

No The SWIOFish3 Project does not involve the construction, rehabilitation or upgrade of dams.

Projects on

International

Waterways

OP/BP 7.50

No The SWIOFish3 Project will not be implemented on international waterways.

Projects in

Disputed

Areas

OP/BP7.60

No The SWIOFish3 Project will not be implemented in disputed areas.

V. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF)

The overall environmental and social impact of the SWIOFish3 Project will be positive, with

many of the activities included in its sub-components likely to pose minimal or no negative

impacts or risks, such as those involving capacity building and technical assistance, research,

monitoring and control of natural resources and economic activities, improvement of the

fisheries statistics system, and finalization and approval of marine resources management and

co-management plans. However, some sub-component activities as well as some types of sub-

projects likely to receive funding under SWIOFish3 have the potential to generate negative

environmental and social impacts and risks, mostly of minor to moderate magnitude, because

they involve the construction of physical structures, limitation of access to economic activities

associated with the use of marine resources, capture and cultivation of fish species not currently

exploited commercially, and operation of fish and fish byproducts processing facilities that

utilize hazardous and toxic materials and release organic and chemical contaminants.

In order to ensure that the ESMF is tailor-made to the characteristics of the SWIOFish3 Project,

the following table identifies the various activities and sub-project types likely to receive funding

and anticipated to produce negative impacts and risks. This exercise will facilitate the

organization of the ESMF in terms of potential impacts and risks, as well as their management

measures and strategies.

xiii

Sub-Project Activities and Possible Sub-Projects Types that Raise Environmental and Social Concerns

Project Sub-

Component

Sub-Component Activities/Possible Sub-

Projects

Environmental and Social Concerns

Sub-

component 2.1:

Fisheries

Management

Plans.

Sub-

component 1.1:

Expansion of

the Medium

Biodiversity

Areas

Implementation of management plans and

associated regulatory frameworks

Implementation of the Fisheries Management Plans and the Marine Spatial Plan will

limit the open access1 that fishers and tourist users currently have to practically all

marine areas, with the exception of protected areas. At present, there are virtually no

restrictions regarding the species and amount of fish caught, or the seasonality of the

capture. For example, some of the management strategies introduced in the Mahé

Plateau Demersal Trap and Line Fishery Co-Management Plan include the

development and implementation of a fishing license framework for fishing and tourism

fleets, minimum size limits for key species, recreational bag limits for some key

species, a recreational combined bag limit, a maximum number of active traps for

licensed vessels for commercial fishing, among others (pp. 12-27).

The additional Fisheries Co-Management Plans for Sea Cucumber and Tuna to be

developed with support from Sub-Component 2.1 will also contain strategies that will

restrict open access to these fish resources. Likewise, the proposed zoning types for

Seychelles’ Exclusive Economic Zone, as defined in the preliminary zoning design of

the marine spatial planning exercise, comprise areas with highly restrictive human uses

in the high biodiversity zones and moderate restrictions in the medium biodiversity

zones. Further, the SWIOFish3 Project will also support the extension of medium

biodiversity areas and the preparation of management plans and corresponding

regulations for these areas.

Although the above actions will lead to a sustainable management of marine resources,

in the short to medium term they will affect the livelihoods of fishing- and tourist-

related enterprises, communities and individuals that currently use the areas and

resources that will be subjected to much stricter protection, management and regulation.

In addition, the fleet licensing scheme to be implemented will result in the

decommissioning from service of some fishing and tourism vessels, and the consequent

displacement from fishing and tourism activities of affected vessel owners, operators

and fishers.

The impact of this restriction of access to marine and coastal areas and resources has

not been established, requiring therefore the preparation of a Process Framework, which

is the subject of a separate report.

Sub-

component 3.2:

Expansion of

The proceeds from the Blue Bond will be

managed by: (i) Seychelles Conservation and

Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT), which

1 Fisheries in the country are open access, meaning that they are “… restricted only in the sense that vessels must be registered in the Seychelles. Other than

nationality, the other principal control is a prohibition on spear fishing. There are no controls over effort or catch” (Vivid Economics, 2015a, p. 2).

xiv

Project Sub-

Component


Projects


the Sea-Food

Value Chains

will provide grants to public and private entities

on a call for proposal basis; and (ii) the

Development Bank of Seychelles (DBS), which

will provide loans through the Blue Investment

Fund (BIF) to be created under the Project.

Potential Investments in different sectors are as

follows:

Aquaculture:

Pump-ashore flow-through systems and

recirculating aquaculture systems of sea

urchins, pearl oyster spat, ornamental finfish

and finfish fingerlings in land based zone.

Small scale cage aquaculture of finfish and

longline pearl oysters in inshore zone (i.e.,

sea-based areas within 2 km of the islands of

Mahé, Praslin, La Digue, potentially

Silhouette and Romainville).

Cage aquaculture of finfish in aquaculture

development zones (i.e., located between 2

and 5 km from shore).

Large scale, industrial cage aquaculture of

finfish in offshore zone (i.e., beyond 5 km

from shore).2

Processing Facilities:

Facilities for processing of fish, fish byproducts

(e.g., oil, collagen, amino acid, mineral

production, etc.) and cold storage, such as those

existing and being built at Providence Fish

Center, Ile du Port Handling Services (IPHS) in

Port Victoria and Bel Ombre. The Providence

Fish Center will also host the Seychelles

broodstock quarantine and acclimation facility.

Annex I indicates the potential impacts and risks of this type of sub-Project, and lists

adequate mitigation measures.

At all processing facilities, there is no clear information on the level of treatment, if

any, that wastes will receive before they are discharged into the public sewerage

system.

Dealing specifically with the wastes from the facilities located at IPHS, it seems that the

public sewage treatment system serving this area is close to saturation and, therefore, it

might be able to process only part of those wastes.

Also at the IPHS, the first phase of construction activities, slated for completion in

April or May 2017, before the start of implementation of the SWIOFish3 Project, are

underway to build part of the internal road network and install part of the water,

sewerage and electricity services. The environmental and social oversight of the

SWIOFish3 Project will include the second phase of these construction works, since

they are part of the ancillary services essential for the operation of the fish processing

facilities and to ensure that those works comply with environmental, social, health and

2 These aquaculture production systems and aquaculture zones are defined in the Mariculture Master Plan (SFA, 2016, pp. 3-7)

xv

Project Sub-

Component


Projects


Services:

Ancillary enterprises for cold storage and cold-

chain maintenance, and small- to medium-scale

enterprises for agencies providing vessels

services (e.g. stevedoring, chandlery).

Refitting vessels for tourism, longline tuna

fishing, and under- or unexploited fisheries.

safety standards.


adequate mitigation measures



xvi

The ESMF for the SWIOFish3 Project comprises the following five steps:

1. Environmental and Social Screening.

2. Environmental and Social Scoping.

3. Execution of Environmental and Social Studies.

4. Incorporation of Environmental and Social Sustainability into the Sub-Project Procurement

Process.

5. Environmental and Social Compliance Oversight.

Each ESMF step: i) contains particular tools that serve as practical mechanisms to implement the

respective step; ii) specifies institutional responsibilities for the application of each

implementation tool; and iii) includes instruments and/or documents to assist in the application

of the tools.

The table below provides an overview of the ESMF process. It indicates when each step of the

ESMF should be implemented in relation to each phase of the likely generic project cycles at

SeyCCAT and DBS’ Blue Investment Fund that will be used in the management of the proceeds

from the Blue Bond, identifies the types of sub-projects to which each step applies, points out the

tools to use in each step, identifies the institutional responsibilities in the application of each

ESMF step and indicates the documents included as part of the ESMF to support the application

of each step.

xvii

Overview of ESMF Process

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps

Types of Sub-

Projects to Which

Step Applies

Tools to Implement

ESMF Step

Institutional Responsibilities in Implementing

ESMF Step

Documents/Tools to Support

PIU in Implementation of

ESMF Step

Prequalification Environmental

and Social

Screening

Aquaculture,

fisheries and

fisheries-associated

processing facilities

and services (see

illustrative list of

sub-projects in

Table 6.1)

Environmental

and Social

Screening Tools

Form (Annex III)

SeyCCAT and BIF send sub-project proposals

to PIU.

PIU Environmental and Social

Specialist/Consultant completes Environmental

and Social Screening Tools Form.

PIU Project Coordinator approves

Environmental and Social Screening Tools

Form.

PIU notifies SeyCCAT and BIF when a

particular sub-project proposal is ineligible for

funding from the environmental and social

point of view after completing Exclusion List

included in Screening Tools Form.

Potential Environmental and

Social Impacts and Risks of

Aquaculture and Fisheries

Sub-Projects, and Mitigation

Measures (Annex I)

Selection Environmental

and Social

Scoping

Aquaculture,

fisheries and



and services (see


sub-projects in

Table 6.1)

Environmental

and Social

Scoping Form

(Annex IV)



and Social Scoping Form.


Environmental and Social Scoping Form.

For aquaculture and fish processing sub-

projects listed in Schedule 1 of Environment

Protection (Impact Assessment) Regulations of

1996, PIU requests MEECC to prepare TOR

for ESIA, as required by Regulations. Once

available, PIU sends TOR to, as applicable,

SeyCCAT or BIF.

For medium risk sub-projects, PIU prepares

TORs for Contractor’s Site-Specific ESMP and

Site-Specific HSMP. For low-risk sub-projects,

PIU prepares list of applicable mitigation

measures.

PIU notifies SeyCCAT and BIF of

environmental and social analysis required for

each sub-project proposal, attaching completed

TOR for ESIA (Annex V).

TOR for Contractor’s Site-

Specific ESMP and Site-

Specific HSMP (Annex VI).





Measures (Annex I).

ESHS Technical

Specifications for

Construction (Annex X).

xviii

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps

Types of Sub-

Projects to Which

Step Applies

Tools to Implement

ESMF Step


ESMF Step



ESMF Step

Environmental and Social Scoping Form and,

as applicable, TORs for studies required. In

addition, for low risk sub-projects, PIU sends

list of pertinent mitigation measures to

SeyCCAT and BIF.

Preparation Execution of

Environmental

and Social

Studies

Aquaculture and

fish processing sub-

projects listed in

Schedule 1 of

Environment

Protection (Impact

Assessment)

Regulations of 1996

MEECC reviews ESIA and makes a

determination as to whether or not to issue an

Environmental Authorization for

implementation of sub-project.


Specialist/Consultant plays a supporting role in

review of ESIAs, providing comments to

MEECC on quality and completeness of each

ESIA.

Due Diligence Checklist for

ESIA Report (Annex VII).

Bidding and

Contract

Negotiation

Incorporation

of

Environmental

and Social

Sustainability

into sub-

projects

Procurement

Process

Aquaculture and


projects listed in

Schedule 1 of

Environment

Protection (Impact

Assessment)

Regulations of

1996.

Moderate risk sub-

projects.

ESHS Criteria for

Evaluation of Bid

Proposals (Annex

VIII).

ESHS Conditions

of Particular

Application

(Annex IX).

ESHS Technical

Specifications for

Construction

(Annex X).

PIU provides SeyCCAT and BIF with ESHS

Criteria for Evaluation of Bid Proposals for

inclusion in their bid evaluation documents.

Based on negotiations with SeyCCAT and BIF,


Specialist/Consultant may participate in

technical committees for evaluation of bid

proposals.


Conditions of Particular Application and ESHS

Technical Specifications for Construction for

inclusion in works contracts.

Sub-Project

Implementation

Environmental

and Social

Compliance

Oversight

Aquaculture and


projects listed in

Schedule 1 of

Environment

Protection (Impact

Assessment)

Regulations of

1996.

Moderate risk sub-

Environmental

and Social

Compliance

Report (Annex

XI).


Specialist/Consultant conducts site visits to

evaluate environmental and social performance

of sub-projects using Environmental and Social

Compliance Report. These site visits may be

coordinated with inspections by MEECC staff.

PIU sends a copy of completed Environmental

and Social Compliance Report to pertinent

Contractor and Supervising Engineer, as well as,

as applicable, SeyCCAT or BIF.

xix

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps

Types of Sub-

Projects to Which

Step Applies

Tools to Implement

ESMF Step


ESMF Step



ESMF Step

projects. In instances of serious and pervasive

noncompliances with environmental and social

requirements, PIU Environmental and Social

Specialist/Consultant coordinates with

Supervising Engineer, SeyCCAT, BIF, MEECC

and/or any other pertinent authority to bring

sites into compliance.

KEY: BIF: Development Bank of Seychelles’ Blue Investment Fund .ESHS: Environmental, Social, Health and Safety. ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment. ESMP: Environmental and Social Management Plan. HSMP: Health and Safety Management Plan. MEECC: Ministry of Environment, Energy

and Climate Change. PIU: Project Implementation Unit at Ministry of Finance, Trade and Economic Planning. SeyCCAT: Seychelles Conservation and Climate

Adaptation Trust. TOR: Terms of Reference.

xx

As explained above, SWIOFish3 will be implemented jointly by the Ministry of Finance, Trade

and Economic Planning (MFTEP), the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture and the Ministry of

Environment, Energy and Climate Change. The MFTEP will lead the implementation of the

project.

A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be embedded within the MFTEP. The PIU will be in

charge of coordinating the implementation of the project activities, and of the procurement and

the financial management of the project. An Environmental and Social Specialist will be

designated as part of the staff of the PIU.



Fisheries and Agriculture and the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change.

In terms of the institutional arrangements for the implementation of the ESMF process, the

following table specifies institutional responsibilities in relation to each step of the ESMF.

xxi

Institutional Arrangement in ESMF Process

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps

Institutional Responsibilities

PIU SeyCCAT and BIF MEECC Sub-Project

Proponents

Environmental

Consulting

Companies

Contractors Supervising

Engineers


and Social

Screening


Specialist/Consultant

completes Environmental and

Social Screening Tools Form

for sub-project proposals .

PIU Project Coordinator

approves Environmental and

Social Screening Tools Form.

PIU notifies SeyCCAT and BIF

when a particular sub-project

proposal is ineligible for

funding from the

environmental and social point

of view after completing

Exclusion List included in

Screening Tools Form.

SeyCCAT and BIF

send sub-project

proposals to PIU.

SeyCCAT and BIF

drop from further

funding consideration

all sub-project

proposals classified as

ineligible for funding

from the

environmental and

social point of view by

PIU.


and Social

Scoping



completes Environmental and

Social Scoping Form.




For aquaculture and fish

processing sub-projects listed

in Schedule 1 of Environment

Protection (Impact Assessment)

Regulations of 1996, PIU

requests MEECC to prepare

TORs for ESIAs, as required

by Regulations. Once available,

PIU sends TORs to, as

applicable, SeyCCAT or BIF.

SeyCCAT and BIF

send TORs for ESIAs

for aquaculture and


projects to proponents.

Once ESIAs are

completed, SeyCCAT

and BIF include

corresponding ESMPs

as contract clauses in

model contracts that

Contractors must

fulfill.

MEECC

prepares TORs

for ESIAs for

aquaculture and

fish processing

sub-projects

listed in

Schedule 1 of

Environment

Protection

(Impact

Assessment)

Regulations of

1996, and sends

TORs to PIU.

Sub-project

proponents

receive TORs

for ESIAs for

aquaculture

and fish

processing

sub-projects,

and search for

environmental

consulting

companies to

prepare

ESIAs.

xxii

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps



Proponents

Environmental

Consulting

Companies


Engineers

For medium risk sub-projects,

PIU prepares TORs for

Contractor’s Site-Specific

ESMP and Site-Specific

HSMP. For low-risk sub-

projects, PIU prepares list of

applicable mitigation measures.


of environmental and social

analysis required for each sub-

project proposal, attaching

completed Environmental and

Social Scoping Form and, as

applicable, TORs for studies

required. In addition, for low

risk sub-projects, PIU sends list

of pertinent mitigation

measures to SeyCCAT and

BIF.

For medium risk sub-

projects, SeyCCAT

and BIF include TORs

for ESMPs Site-

Specific ESMPs and

Site-Specific HSMPs

as contract clauses in


Contractors must

fulfill.

For low risk sub-

projects, SeyCCAT

and BIF include list of

pertinent mitigation

measures as contract

clauses in model

contracts that

Contractors must

fulfill.


Environmental

and Social

Studies


Specialist/Consultant plays a

supporting role in review of

ESIAs, providing comments to

MEECC on quality and

completeness of each ESIA.

MEECC reviews

ESIA and makes

a determination

as to whether or

not to issue an

Environmental

Authorization for

implementation

Sub-project

proponents

contract

environmental

consulting

companies to

prepare

ESIAs.

Sub-project

proponents

send

completed

ESIAs to

MEECC for

evaluation.

Environmental

consulting

companies

conduct

ESIAs.

xxiii

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps



Proponents

Environmental

Consulting

Companies


Engineers

of sub-projects.

Bidding and

Contract

Negotiation

Incorporation of

Environmental

and Social

Sustainability

into sub-

projects

Procurement

Process

PIU provides SeyCCAT and

BIF with ESHS Criteria for

Evaluation of Bid Proposals for

inclusion in their bid evaluation

documents.

Based on negotiations with

SeyCCAT and BIF, PIU

Environmental and Social

Specialist/Consultant may

participate in technical

committees for evaluation of

bid proposals.


BIF with ESHS Conditions of

Particular Application and

ESHS Technical Specifications

for Construction for inclusion

in works contracts.

SeyCCAT and BIF

incorporate ESHS

Criteria for Evaluation

of Bid Proposals into

their bid evaluation

documents.

SeyCCAT and BIF

incorporate ESHS

Conditions of

Particular Application

and ESHS Technical

Specifications for

Construction into their

works contracts.

Sub-Project

Implementation

Environmental

and Social

Compliance

Oversight


Specialist/Consultant conducts

site visits to evaluate

environmental and social

performance of sub-projects

using Environmental and

Social Compliance Report.

These site visits may be

coordinated with inspections by

MEECC staff.

PIU sends a copy of completed


Compliance Report to pertinent

Contractor and Supervising

Engineer, as well as, as


In instances of serious and

pervasive noncompliances with


requirements, PIU


MEECC

conducts

inspections of

aquaculture and

fish processing

sub-projects.

In instances of

serious and

pervasive

noncompliances

with

Contractors are

responsible for

implementing

works in

accordance

with, as

applicable,

ESMPs, Site

Specific

ESMPs, Site

Specific

HSMPs, or list

of pertinent

mitigation

measures.

Supervising

Engineers

are

responsible

for

ensuring,

on behalf

of their

Clients,

that

Contractors

implement

works in

accordance

with, as

applicable,

ESMPs,

Site

Specific

ESMPs,

Site

xxiv

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps



Proponents

Environmental

Consulting

Companies


Engineers


coordinates with Supervising

Engineer, SeyCCAT, BIF,

MEECC and/or any other

pertinent authority to bring


environmental

and social

requirements,

MEECC may

participate in

enforcement

actions.

Specific

HSMPs, or

list of

pertinent

mitigation

measures.

KEY: BIF: Development Bank of Seychelles’ Blue Investment Fund .ESHS: Environmental, Social, Health and Safety. ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. ESMP:

Environmental and Social Management Plan. HSMP: Health and Safety Management Plan. MEECC: Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change. PIU: Project Implementation Unit

at Ministry of Finance, Trade and Economic Planning. SeyCCAT: Seychelles Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust. TOR: Terms of Reference.

1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This document develops the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the

Third South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance and Shared Growth Project (SWIOFish3).

It consists of six chapters, including this Introduction.

Chapter 2.0 provides a description of the Project. It first gives an overview of the global

SWIOFish Program. It then describes the SWIOFish3 Project development objective,

Components and corresponding Sub-Components, cost and financing, and institutional and

implementation arrangements.

Chapter 3.0 presents an overview of the geographic location of Seychelles, and describes the

salient physical, ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of the country. Given the nature of

the SWIOFish3 Project, the description of main ecosystems, natural resources and economic

activities focuses on those associated with marine and coastal areas.

Chapter 4.0 discusses the Seychellois legal, institutional and policy framework applicable to the

SWIOFish3 Project. Given the nature of the Project, this chapter focuses on the Environmental

and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process in the country, and the pertinent frameworks for

protected areas, the fisheries sector and the blue economy.

Chapter 5.0 identifies the World Bank safeguard policies triggered by the Project and explains

why.

Chapter 6.0 contains the ESMF. It identifies the Project Sub-Component activities and possible

types of sub-projects likely to receive funding and anticipated to produce negative impacts and

risks; explains the structure of the ESMF; and describes the implementation tools, the timing of

application of the tools, the institutional responsibilities and the supporting documentation

associated with, respectively, each of the ESMF steps. In addition, this chapter explains the

institutional arrangements for the implementation of the ESMF; describes the Conflict

Resolution Mechanism for the ESMF; and discusses considerations for the development of the

budget for the management of the ESMF, and the training and technical assistance activities

related to environmental and social management.

2

2.0 SWIOFish3 PROJECT

This chapter provides details on the design of the SWIOFish3 Project.3 Section 2.1 gives the

background to the Project. Sections 2.2 to 2.5 describe, respectively, the project development

objective, the components and corresponding sub-components of the project, the project cost and

financing, and the institutional and implementation arrangements.

2.1 Background

The SWIOFish3 Project in Seychelles is part of the broader SWIOFish program launched by the

World Bank in February 2015, which adopts a regional and long term approach to supporting the

South West Indian Ocean countries in sustainably developing their fisheries sector. The

overarching program goal is to increase the economic, social, and environmental benefits to

South West Indian Ocean countries from sustainable marine fisheries. The program goal results

indicators are as follows:

a) Status of fish stocks;

b) Fisheries-related Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in participating countries; and

c) Local fisheries-related value-addition benefitting the households.

The 15-year multi-phase program establishes a financing, coordinating and knowledge exchange

mechanism and supports a suite of regional and country-level activities over the medium and

long term. Given the range of issues affecting countries of the South West Indian Ocean region,

the program activities target core governance and productivity challenges, remove critical

constraints to private investment and sustainable business, bring part of the ‘offshore fisheries

economy’ within country economies, and add value through regional collaboration and

integration.

2.2 Project Development Objective

The Project Development Objective of SWIOFish3 is to improve management of marine areas

and fisheries in targeted zones and strengthen fisheries value chains in the Seychelles..

The SWIOFish3 Project will support the Government of Seychelles in achieving its dual

objectives of marine resources conservation and expansion of the seafood value chains. Seafood

value-chains are a cornerstone of the country’s blue economy strategy and their expansion is

expected to deliver long-term, resilient growth, jobs and food security and will be the focus of

component 3. However, this development will not be sustainable if their marine resource base is

not properly managed, which will be supported by components 1 and 2. Because marine and

coastal resource management will potentially translate into reduced access to the resource,

component 3 will provide opportunities for investment in post-harvesting and service

components of the fisheries value chain, thus offsetting socioeconomic impacts and fostering

adherence to the management measures.

3 This chapter reproduces sections of the draft Project Appraisal Document for the SWIOFish3 Project available

at the time of preparation of this ESMF and PF.

3

2.3 Components

Component 1: Expanded Sustainable-Use Marine Protected Areas




The first component of the project will support the Government of Seychelles to implement its

pledge to protect an increasing share of its maritime space. It will build on the marine spatial

planning exercise that the Government is currently undertaking through a scientific and

consultative process.

With the support of The Nature Conservancy and in the framework of a very innovative climate

adaptation debt restructuring, Seychelles pledged to protect 30% of its exclusive economic zone

(EEZ) by 2020 and initiated a marine spatial planning exercise to serve as the foundation of its

sustainable blue economy strategy. This marine spatial planning exercise started in 2015 and will

progressively identify and gazette areas amounting to 15% of the EEZ to be protected as high

biodiversity zones, and another 15% to be protected as medium biodiversity zones, allowing for

some sustainable economic activities - including fishing. The debt restructuring supported by

The Nature Conservancy reduces the cost of part of the debt Seychelles owes to its Paris Club

creditors. In turn, it allows Seychelles to fund marine conservation and climate adaptation with

the cost difference. These funds are channeled through a sinking fund, for immediate measures,

and through an endowment fund that will ensure a sustainable financing stream in the future.

Both of these funds will be hosted by the Seychelles Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust

(SeyCCAT).

The medium biodiversity areas will allow for some sustainably-managed economic activities,

including fisheries and tourism, and they will be the focus of component 1. The high biodiversity

areas will be managed under stricter protection and will be supported by a parallel project

financed by the GEF and the United Nations Development Programme.

Sub-component 1.1: Expansion of the Medium Biodiversity Areas. The first sub-component

will expand the coverage of medium biodiversity areas by supporting their creation, and the

preparation of related management plans and specific regulations. This will entail investments in:

(i) research to define the management measures and mortality controls and assess the blue carbon

potential; (ii) the preparation of management plans for the first medium biodiversity areas,

including the definition of their governance mechanisms; (iii) the legal framework to support the

creation and operationalization of these marine areas; and (iv) the update of the zoning.

Sub-component 1.2: Management of the Sustainable-Use Areas. The second sub-component

will support the operationalization of these medium biodiversity areas by investing in their

effective management. It will support: (i) the strengthening of the public sector to allow it to

supervise the areas and enforce the management measures adequately and cost-effectively; (ii)

the monitoring, control and surveillance of the natural resources and economic activities,

including satellite-based imaging, patrols, staff costs, equipment and infrastructure; (iii) intense

4

communication, consultations and capacity-building efforts targeted at the main stakeholders,

including fishers, tourism operators and government; (iv) and the promotion of more sustainable

practices, mostly in the tourism and fisheries sectors, aiming for instance at reducing energy

consumption, waste generation, bycatch and discards of fish, improving fish-handling and

selective fishing.

Component 2: Improved Governance of Priority Fisheries




The second component of the project will have a greater focus on national fisheries management.

The key current fisheries management initiative in Seychelles is the Mahé Plateau fisheries

management plan, which is being finalized by the Government. Component 2 will have a major

focus on the finalization and the implementation of the Mahé Plateau fisheries management plan,

as well as on the other management initiatives. It will also reinforce the sector’s governance by

an array of targeted investments.

Sub-component 2.1: Fisheries Management Plans. The first sub-component will support the

preparation and implementation of several fisheries management plan, including the Mahé

Plateau fisheries management plan, the sea-cucumber fisheries management plan, and the

domestic tuna fisheries management plan. As in the case of the medium biodiversity areas, this

will entail intense communication, consultations and capacity-building efforts targeted at the

main stakeholders, including fishers, tourism operators and government; enhanced monitoring,

control and surveillance of the natural resources and economic activities, including satellite-

based imaging, patrols, staff costs, equipment and infrastructure; environmental research and

data collection, including an electronic catch reporting system; promotion of more sustainable

practices, mostly in the tourism and fisheries sectors, aiming for instance at reducing energy

consumption, waste generation, bycatch and discards of fish, improving fish-handling and

selective fishing; supporting economic diversification and transition to alternative livelihoods,

consistent with the provisions of the respective management plans; purchasing and retaining of

total allowable catch allocation of some over-exploited species by Government to support faster

stock restoration. In parallel, the sub-component will support the preparation and implementation

of fleet management and development plans.

Sub-component 2.2: Fisheries Sector Institutions. The second sub-component will ensure that

the institutions involved in fisheries management are in a position to contribute to it. It will in

particular support: (i) the update of the legal and public institutional framework and prepare the

related strategies and policies; (ii) capacity-building and ad-hoc technical assistance for the

relevant public entities, including the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture and the Seychelles

Fishing Authority; and (iii) strengthening the fishers contribution to the fisheries management

process, including the different fishers associations.

Sub-component 2.3: Fisheries and Marine Statistics. The last sub-component will focus on

the provision of relevant and reliable information on the status of the marine environment and

5

fisheries, and their respective contribution to the economy. It will: (i) improve the fisheries

statistics system and design the fisheries dashboard; and (ii) develop fisheries economic

monitoring through a support to the nascent Fisheries Economic Intelligence Unit and the

setting-up of a satellite economic account for fisheries.

Component 3: Sustainable Development of the Blue Economy


Including: US$4.0 million (IBRD loan)


Component 3 will help finance the sustainable development of the Seychelles blue economy and

support increased value-addition in the aquaculture, industrial, semi-industrial and artisanal

fishing and processing sectors. Component 3 will help compensate fishers for any reduced access

to the resource resulting from marine and coastal resource management measures implemented

under the first two components and foster adherence to the management agenda.

Sub-component 3.1: Enabling Environment for the Seafood Industry. The first sub-

component will strengthen the enabling environment for the seafood industry. It will in

particular: (i) facilitate a sustainable, economically-sound port development process; (ii) increase

the sanitary monitoring capacity, especially in the context of exports of seafood products; and (ii)

contribute to the enabling environment for the development of aquaculture, a nascent industry in

Seychelles.

Sub-component 3.2: Expansion of the Sea-Food Value Chains. The second sub-component

will facilitate the expansion of value-chains and promote synergies with other value chains (e.g.

tourism). It will: (i) identify value chain development opportunities and provide targeted

capacity-building to fishers and operators; (ii) support the Government and the Fishers and Boat

Owners Association to complete and start the operation of an innovative artisanal fish auction

house; (iii) promote the nascent labeling scheme for sustainable artisanal fisheries, linking the

fisheries and tourism value chains.

As part of this second sub-component, (iv) a Blue Investment Fund will be created with part of

the proceeds of the Blue Bond to finance private and public investments aimed at facilitating the

implementation of the Mahé Plateau fisheries management plan and the transition from open-

access to better controlled fisheries. These investments will include alternative business

opportunities for fishers in the seafood value chain, the restructuring of fishing capacity and the

rebuilding of stocks. To avoid that these investments create a price signal that would increase the

pressure on the resource, a list of acceptable projects has been developed that includes

management prerequisites (e.g. management plan operational).

6

Component 4: Project Management and Coordination

Budget: US$1.0 million (IBRD loan)

The last component will support the coordination and implementation of the project. It will

support the operation of the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) and steering committee.

Activities supported include monitoring and evaluation, audits, mid-term and final evaluation

reports, and other costs associated with core operational functions (training, equipment, staff,

manuals, etc.).

2.4 Project Cost and Financing

The project will be financed through a $5 million loan from the International Bank for

Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and a $5.3 million grant from the GEF, as well as

the proceeds of the first Blue Bond. The Government of Seychelles will issue a Blue Bond for

an estimated total of $15 million to finance part of the SWIOFish3 project, in a landmark new

kind of transaction that mobilizes capital markets to finance Seychelles' blue economy

objectives. The GEF Non-Grant Instrument Pilot will be used alongside an IBRD guarantee to

lower the cost of this Blue Bond, ideally down to the 3% area. The use of the Non-Grant

Instrument Pilot will take the form of a loan to the Government of Seychelles with a 40-year

maturity, a 10-year grace period and a 0.25% interest rate. The Blue Bond is expected to have

strong replicability potential for other borrowers in the future, by attracting investors to a new

field and creating an affordable financing package for the country.

2.5 Institutional and Implementation Arrangements for SWIOFish3

The project will be implemented jointly by the Ministry of Finance, Trade and Economic

Planning (MFTEP), the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture and the Ministry of

Environment, Energy and Climate Change. The MFTEP will lead the implementation of the

project. It has the mandate, convening power and vision necessary to oversee the preparation and

implementation of the project, as well as sufficient management and fiduciary capacity to ensure

efficient coordination of project activities. The two other ministries have the technical expertise

to implement the project activities but lack the necessary workforce.

A PIU will be embedded within the MFTEP. The PIU will be in charge of coordinating the

implementation of the project activities, and of the procurement and the financial

management of the project. The Project Coordinator, a staff of the MFTEP, will be seconded

by an Assistant financed by the project and will be in charge of the overall coordination and

management of the project. A Financial Management Specialist and a Procurement Specialist

will be designated within the existing MFTEP Project Coordinating Unit, currently in charge of

the fiduciary aspects of several World Bank-financed projects. An Environmental and Social

Specialist and a Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist will also be designated.


MFTEP will act as the coordinating body. Focal points will be appointed within the Ministry

of Fisheries and Agriculture and the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change.

7

Additional focal points in other implementing entities could be appointed as required. These

focal points will be in charge of the planning, implementation and reporting of the project

activities pertaining to their agency.

The PIU will implement the project under the oversight of a steering committee. The tasks

of the steering committee will be to: (i) provide overall policy guidance and decision-making on

all issues relating to the project; (ii) facilitate coordination among the relevant agencies; and (iii)

review and approve annual work and expenditure plans. The MFTEP will chair the steering

committee and the Assistant to the Project Coordinator will act as its Secretary. The steering

committee will include representatives from the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, the

Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and

Transport, the Seychelles Fisheries Authority, the Seychelles National Parks Authority and the

Seychelles Port Authority. The World Bank and other groups, including for instance artisanal

fishers, civil society, donors (including The Nature Conservancy and the United Nation

Development Programme), may be invited to participate as observers. The steering committee

will meet twice a year or as needed.

The proceeds of the Blue Bond will follow two tracks. The first track will consist of grants

made to public and private entities on a project proposal basis. These grants will fund the

implementation of the marine spatial planning and the Mahé Plateau fisheries management plan,

as described above. They will amount to US$3 million and the grant process will be managed by

the Seychelles Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT) on a call for proposal

basis. The second track will create a Blue Investment Fund and provide US$12 million or loans

to fishers and other private and public entities for activities consistent with the provisions of the

Mahé Plateau fisheries management plan, focusing specifically on economic diversification and

sustainability. This second track will be managed by the Development Bank of Seychelles on

behalf of the Government. All Blue Bond repayments will be the obligation of the Government

of Seychelles and will not directly come from the revenues generated by the lending track, which

could be re-injected into the Blue Investment Fund for additional lending.

8

3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF

SEYCHELLES

This chapter provides an overview of the geographic location of Seychelles, and describes the

salient physical, ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of the country.4 Given the nature

of the SWIOFish3 Project, the description of main ecosystems, natural resources and economic

activities focuses on those associated with marine and coastal areas.

3.1 Country and Sectoral Context

Seychelles’ geography is unique but challenging. The Seychelles archipelago consists of 115

granite and coral islands with an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of approximately 1.4 million

km2, almost three thousand times the size of its land area. The population is about 90,000,

around 90 percent of which is located on the main island of Mahé. Small size, insularity, limited

land, capital, and human resources restrict its ability to benefit from economies of scale in

production and economic diversification. High dependency on external markets creates

vulnerability to external factors. The country’s comparative advantage lies with its natural

capital, vividly preserved by public policies. Seychelles is endowed with an extremely rich

biodiversity, both marine and terrestrial, making it part of one of Conservation International’s

designated biodiversity hotspots. Endemism is exceptionally high at over 60% for animals in

general and 50% for plants. Seychelles is one of the world's most environmentally conscious

nations, having officially protected more than half of its total land area from development and

pledged to protect 30 percent of its EEZ.

In 2015, Seychelles was the African country with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per

capita. Seychelles’ economy expanded strongly in 2015, by 4.3%. Unemployment is low and

labor force participation is particularly high, at 70% in 2015. The tourism sector remains the

major engine of growth, and is benefiting from efforts to diversify source markets to the Middle

East and Asia. Despite the recent, robust pace of growth, inflation has remained contained, due

partly to favorable imported energy and food prices. Poverty rates in Seychelles are expected to

remain among the lowest in the world outside the Organization for Economic Cooperation and

Development. Recent estimates show that extreme poverty5, stood at 1.1% of the population in

2013. However, inequality is substantial, with a gross income-based Gini index of 0.46 in 2013.

The fisheries sector is the second most important sector of the Seychellois economy. Its annual

contribution to GDP varies from 8 to 20 percent and it employs 17 percent of the total

population. Nonetheless, the contribution of fisheries is underestimated as many services to the

sector, notably those in support of the industrial tuna fishery, are not captured in the GDP

estimates. In 2012, the value of exports of consumable fish and fish products constituted 93% of

the total value of domestic exports. The sector can broadly be divided into three sub-sectors: (i)

the artisanal demersal fishery; (ii) the industrial and semi-industrial pelagic fisheries; and (iii) the

4 This chapter is based on the following sources: Republic of Seychelles, undated; SFA, 2016; SMSP, 2015;

Vivid Economics, 2015a; and Welch and Kerrigan, 2015a and 2015b, with some paragraphs following very

closely the contents of SFA, 2016. In addition, information was collected during two site visits performed by

the ESMF Consultant in order to conduct visual surveys of different potential sub-project sites. 5 Using the international poverty line of US$1.90 per day in 2011 purchasing power parity

9

seafood processing industry. The artisanal demersal fishery is of paramount importance to the

Seychellois. The industrial, and to a lesser extent the semi-industrial, pelagic fisheries account

for the lion’s share of the catch. They are located offshore, in deeper waters, and involve

significantly larger vessels: purse seiners and longliners. Seychelles is a major seafood

processing hub and intends to increase the contribution of the seafood industry to its blue

economy.

The Government of Seychelles has placed the seafood industry at the center of its blue economy

strategy and aims at progressively increasing the share of landed catch that is processed locally

instead of being transshipped, targeting in particular non-canned tuna products as well as bycatch

and byproducts of the tuna industry. There is increasing evidence that the pressures exerted by

the fisheries and tourism sectors on the marine natural resources are reaching unsustainable

levels. Though skipjack and bigeye tuna stocks are currently healthy, yellowfin tuna is

overfished and subject to a rebuilding plan. Several species of demersal fish are subject to

overfishing, or at risk from overfishing, with declining catch rates symptomatic of worsening

status in key fisheries. The pressures on demersal and reef-associated pelagic resources come

from overfishing in the artisanal, recreational and sport fishing sub-sectors and from an

increasing environmental footprint of the tourism industry. They are particularly acute on the

Mahé Plateau, where the population and economic activity are concentrated. The fisheries are

open-access, which impedes any action to limit the fishing effort and ensure their sustainability.

The unsustainable use of the marine environment is a major risk to the future of Seychelles’ blue

economy. The country’s comparative advantage lies in its natural capital and the tourism and

fisheries sectors are overly dependent on the health of coastal and marine ecosystems. Depleting

fisheries would rapidly lead to a loss of income for fishers and tourism operators, and would

jeopardize the local seafood industry and any future investment in the blue economy. It would

also pose significant risk to nutrition and food security in the country, where almost all the fish

that is consumed is fished locally. The management of Seychelles marine ecosystems and

fisheries is hampered by insufficient financing, capacity, and legal and institutional frameworks

Faced with the need to preserve its comparative advantage in natural capital for the future

generations, the Government of Seychelles adopted an ambitious marine conservation strategy.

Seychelles pledged to protect 30% of its EEZ by 2020 and initiated a marine spatial planning

exercise to serve as the foundation of its sustainable blue economy and conservation strategy.

This marine spatial planning exercise started in 2015 and aims at improving the planning and

management of the country’s vast maritime space. It will progressively identify and gazette areas

amounting to 15% of the EEZ to be protected as high biodiversity zones, where fishing will be

prohibited, and another 15% to be protected as medium biodiversity zones, allowing for some

sustainable economic activities - including controlled fishing. In parallel but in the same

framework, Seychelles is preparing to implement new management plans for its major fisheries,

including the first fisheries management plan for the Mahé Plateau, with a view to progressively

transition from an open-access fishery to a more controlled fishery. The Mahé Plateau fisheries

management plan has been drafted and is in the final stages of consultation. It will follow a

continuous improvement approach, focusing on easy-gain and priority species during the first

years of its implementation, and progressively moving to a more comprehensive coverage of the

demersal fisheries.

10

3.2 Geographic Location

The Republic of Seychelles is located between 4 and 10 degrees south of the Equator, and lies

between 480km and 1,600km from the east coast of Africa in the middle of the Western Indian

Ocean. It is composed of more than 115 islands distributed over an area of more than 1,3 million

km2. The islands constituting Seychelles may be divided into two groups: (i) the Mahé Group,

comprised of 45 islands, is characterized as mountainous with much granite and includes the

outlying islands; and (ii) the Coralline Group, which includes 70 islands that are mostly just

above sea-level.

Mahé is the main island and hosts the capital city, Victoria. Mahé Island is 27 km long and 11

km wide. It has a maximum height above sea level of 905 meters (Morne Seychellois Mountain).

Two other major islands are Praslin and La Digue. Both islands are close to Mahé, 33.6 and 48

km respectively.

Map 1 provides the location of Seychelles in the African continent, and delineates its Exclusive

Economic Zone and marine protected areas.

Map 1

Geographic Location of Seychelles

Source: SMSP, 2015, p. 2.

11

3.3 Physical Characteristics

3.3.1 Climate

The climate of Seychelles Islands is warm (monthly mean temperature of 26-28°C) and can be

classified as humid tropical. No distinct dry season occurs throughout the year, and even during

the driest and coolest month in July the mean rainfall exceeds 70 mm. The average annual

rainfall is 2,200 mm.

The prevailing winds are the North west (December to March), which are influenced by the

Coriolis Effect at the Equator and changes to a North easterly wind and result in the north-west

monsoon and the other is the south-east winds associated with the south-east monsoon (May to

October). Data for the period 1972-2001 show that the mean evaporation is 5.2 mm.

Alternating monsoons generated by changes in the air pressure over the Indian sub-continent

dominate the seasonality. During northern hemisphere's summer, the Asian mainland warms

faster than the adjacent water, creating low pressure over the continent and forcing air to move

from the Indian Ocean onto the Asian landmass. During winter, the pattern is reversed and air

over the Asian mainland rapidly cools, creating high pressure and the movement of atmospheric

masses off the continent and out over the ocean.

In contrast to many other inhabited South West Indian Ocean Islands such as Reunion,

Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius and Rodrigues, Seychelles inner islands fall outside of the

tropical cyclone belt.

During the majority of the El Niño/La Niña years, an extreme weather event typically occurred

over Seychelles. Severe drought during the La Niña phenomenon of 1998-1999 caused acute

shortage of freshwater resulting in the shutdown of public establishments. In 1997-1998, the

strongest El Niño ever recorded caused a 40% loss of revenue from the tuna fisheries sector and

generated massive coral bleaching in the shallow reefs of Seychelles granitic islands.

3.3.2 Geology and Soils

The Seychelles are made up of 115 granite and coral islands. The inner islands comprise some of

the oldest mid-oceanic granite islands on earth, while the outer islands consist primarily of low-

lying coral atolls and reef islets. The inner islands cluster mainly around the largest islands of

Mahé, Silhouette, Praslin and La Digue. The outer islands are those situated beyond the

Seychelles Plateau. The outer islands owe their existence to continental drift, upliftment and

subsequent volcanic activity which ultimately led to the formation of island land masses.

The soils of the granitic islands are generally very poor and slightly acidic. This is due to the

geologically very old granitic base rock, which is inherently poor in nutrients. The shallow,

leached soils are typically short of organic matter.

3.3.3 Hydrology

12

There are 146 water courses on the three main islands of Mahé, Praslin and La Digue, and these

are listed for protection under the State Lands and River Reserves Act (1976), in recognition of

their importance for socioeconomic development. The lower reaches of watercourses in many

regions have been affected by human activity including enrichment and chemical pollution,

canalization and reclamation of flood plains.

Lowland wetlands were a characteristic feature of many of the original coastal plains of the

granitic inner islands. The coastal dune formations naturally created a simple basin-like structure

to the landward that prevented free drainage resulting in the formation of extensive inland

wetlands. These habitats were historically used for agricultural purposes such as rice production.

However, as agricultural patterns and development pressures changed, these areas were

increasingly drained to meet the demand for flat land and this trend has continued into the 21st

century, such that lowland wetlands can be considered the most severely threatened habitat type

in Seychelles. It is estimated that some 90% of lowland wetlands have been lost to reclamation

since the colonization of the islands in 1770.

3.4 Coastal and Marine Ecosystems

The coastal-marine environment of Seychelles is complex and includes a series of habitats and

biogeochemical processes that influence the dynamics and functionality of ecosystems. These

ecosystems include coastal plains, mangrove forests, coral reefs, reef flats, seagrass beds, rocky

shores and intertidal areas.

These ecosystems are interconnected to form a complex coastal-marine ecosystem. They provide

important nesting and foraging grounds for numerous micro and macro-organisms, assist in

nutrient and hydrological cycles, larval and sediment transport and provide important protein

sources for the coastal communities.

3.4.1 Coastal Ecosystems

3.4.1.1 Coastal Terrestrial Ecosystems

The coastal plateau is made up of calcareous sand derived from adjacent fringing reefs which

have accumulated over the last 6,000 years. The coastal plateau has been colonized by coastal

plants such as coconut (Cocos nucifera), takamaka (Calophyllum inophyllum) and badamier

(Terminalia catappa).

The mountainsides of Mahé and Silhouette from approximately 200 meters above sea level

harbor the bulk of Seychelles known endemic biodiversity, while Praslin Island supports unique

stands of Coco-de-Mer Palm (Lodoicea maldivica) dominated forest and associated species.

Coastal brackish water marshes are also present and play an important role in settling out

sediments from freshwater systems before entering the sea, especially after rainfall events. The

islands have extensive white sandy beaches which are used primarily by the tourism industry and

the locals. Many of these beaches are also used for nesting by marine turtles. The terrestrial

13

coastal habitats of many of the inhabited inner islands have been heavily modified for human

settlement, industries, public infrastructure and tourism.

3.4.1.2 Mangrove Forests and Coastal Wetlands

Mangrove forests and coastal wetlands are found within the inner granitic islands. There are 8

species of mangrove described in Seychelles, occupying a total area of 29 km2. At Port Launay

in Mahé, all eight species of mangroves are found in an area that has been designated as a

RAMSAR site.

Mangroves once covered many shores of the granitic inner islands, especially close to river

mouths and marshland. Since men first settled in Seychelles in the late 1700s, mangrove forests

have been cleared to make way for coastal construction. There is presently a proliferation of

mangrove in Seychelles, clearly visible on the east coast of Mahé, from Victoria to Pointe Larue,

in the lagoons created by coastal reclamation and in places such as Anse Soulliac in the Port

Launay Marine National Park, where the mangrove forest is slowly extending seawards.

The mangrove faunal assemblage in the inner islands is characterized by low species diversity

and high abundance, dominated by herbivorous gastropods and suspension feeding bivalves. The

fauna of freshwater wetlands includes pan-tropical indigenous species, as well as introduced

ones. Endemic insects from the family Rhagovelia, Nepidae and Notonectidae still occur in

healthy marshes. Freshwater wetlands and rivers are also habitat for the 2 endemic sub species of

terrapins, Pelusios castanoides intergularis and Pelusios subniger parietalis. The tilapia,

Orechromis mossambicus, has been introduced to Seychelles and is now described as an invasive

species affecting freshwater wetlands and rivers. An endemic bird, the Black Paradise

Flycatcher, Terpsiphone corvina, is sometimes associated with La Mare Soupape on la Digue.

The typical flora of freshwater wetlands consists of reeds, sedges, grasses and herbs. The large

fern Acrostichum aureum (Fouzer Lanmar) is common around the edges of lowland marshes.

Common coastal trees such as Calophyllum inophyllum (Takamaka), Terminalia catappa

(Bodanmyen) and Hibiscus tiliaceus (Var) often establish themselves near the edges. Introduced

weed species, in particular Eichornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth) and Pistia stratiotes (Water

Lettuce), now dominate many wetlands on Mahé, Praslin and La Digue.

3.4.2 Marine Ecosystems

3.4.2.1 Coral Reefs

The coral reefs cover an estimated area of 1,690 km2, most of which are found in the Southeast

of the Seychelles Archipelago, around the outer coralline islands, with fewer reefs found in the

inner granitic islands.

There are 2 main types of reefs: granite reefs, which are made up of corals growing over large

granite boulders, and carbonate reefs which are further divided into fringing reefs, atolls and

platform reefs. Fringing reefs are characteristic of the granitic inner islands. The fringing reefs

are most extensive on the islands of Mahé and Praslin, where they occupy large areas.

14

Along the east coast of Mahé, the reef is continuous and unbroken (width: 500 – 750 m), apart

from places where they have been dredged or reclaimed. Conversely, on the west coast of Mahé

they are mostly small and discontinuous and are mainly found in bays and are generally narrower

than those found on the east coast. The situation reverses for Praslin, where the coral reefs are

widest on the east coast with width up to 2850 meters.

More than 300 species of Scleractinian corals are found in Seychelles; however, so far there are

no identified Seychelles endemics.

The back reef environment is mostly covered by macro-algae of the genus Sargassum and

Turbinaria or seagrass comprising mostly of Thalassodendron ciliatum and Thalassia

hemprichii. Reef associated animals groups include corals, crustaceans, echinoderms, fish,

macroalgae, mollusk and sponges. There are gaps in the diversity of other reef associated phyla.

In 1998, there was a coral bleaching event. Before that event, the coral reefs of the Seychelles

were considered as healthy and were characterized in 3 different assemblages distinguished by

the main coral species they host. These assemblages were: (i) Pocillopora, associated with rough

water, especially in or near the surf zone; (ii) Acropora, found along open water reef fronts; and

(iii) Porites, reef flat environments.

The coral bleaching event of 1998 was brought about by high sea temperature, which prompted

the corals to bleach and die after a few weeks. This was the first case of wide scale coral

bleaching event recorded in Seychelles. Early assessments in 1999 found that the fast growing

Acroporas and Pocilloporas had suffered the most. At the time of these assessments the most

dominant genus were the Porites, thus suggesting that they were better able to withstand the high

sea temperature that caused widespread bleaching in 1998. The 1998 bleaching was followed by

2 smaller scale events in 2002 and 2003.

Although mortality among corals was extensive and the diversity at most sites surveyed was low

following the 1998 event, no extinctions have been reported but, rather, the abundance and

distribution of species have reduced.

Since the bleaching event, management focus had to change from managing healthy and diverse

coral reefs to promoting the recovery of coral reefs. Recent reports indicate that today the

situation on the reefs of the inner islands is drastically different from that of the pre-bleaching

event. Since the bleaching event, the coral reef system of the inner Seychelles has undergone a

widespread phase shift from a coral-dominated state to a rubble and algal-dominated state.

Before the 1998 bleaching event the reefs were characterized by high cover of live branching and

massive coral, soft coral, and high structural complexity, whereas today the reefs are of low

complexity, comprising mostly of rubble, standing dead coral and algal fields. Average coral

cover is presently low with few of the benthos consisting of fast growing, habitat forming

branching and plating functional groups of corals. Recovery of corals reefs from the bleaching

events has been relatively slow and it is highly apparent that the carbonate based reefs are not

doing as well as the granitic based reefs.

15

3.4.2.2 Reef Flats

This mixed habitat complex has been subject to intensive disturbance around populated islands.

In the central archipelago, reef flats are utilized extensively for gleaning fisheries (e.g., octopus

and shell fish) and shell collecting activities. In the last 25 years significant areas of this habitat

have been lost to major land reclamations. Sedimentation and in some areas pollution are also

factors of concern.

Most reef flats consist of a complex patchwork of habitats: areas of sand and gravel interspersed

between areas of coral rubble, coral outcrops, sea grass and algal growth. In their natural state

these habitats are rich in life and commodity species such as octopus, lobster and sea cucumber.

Mollusk fauna can be very rich with Cowries (Cypraea moneta, C. annulus, C. Lynx, C. caurca

and C. helvola being common), Cones (Conus leopardus, C. litteratus, C. virgo, C. maldivus, C.

betulinus and C. quercinus) readily found in the seagrass; while species such as Bittium zebrum

and Smaragdia rangiana can be found in algal mats. Four Shell Reserves were declared in the

1960s and were subsequently incorporated under the 1986 Fisheries Act (1987 Shell Reserve

Regulations) but the areas are not managed or enforced.

3.4.2.3 Seagrass Beds

The extensive shallow submarine banks of Seychelles support significant sea grass areas. A

particularly large sea grass bed (estimated at 45km long and 15km at its widest) lies on the

Providence-Cerf bank. Many of the outer islands, such as the lagoons of Aldabra, Cosmoledo

and Astove, support large sea grass communities. Sea grass habitats are also common around the

granitic inner islands, notably in the St Anne Marine National Park and off Grand Anse-Amities

coast of Praslin.

To date, 8 species of seagrass have been described from Seychelles: Cymodocea rotundata,

Cymodocea serrulata, Enhalus acocroides, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium

isoetifolium Thalassia hemprichii and Thalassodendron ciliatum, with 6 of them present around

Mahé.

A brief survey of inshore sea grass bed substrate around the island of Mahé, conducted as part of

the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Mariculture Master Plan (SFA, 2016),

recorded 58 species of infaunae invertebrates. Sea grass beds are also essential for many marine

herbivore species including megafauna such as the green turtle and the Dugong.

There is evidence that sea grass beds around the main populated islands are in decline due to a

combination of anthropogenic factors – pollution, reclamation, coastal development and climate

change. It is also likely that the historical exploitation of the main sea grass grazers, green turtles,

and ongoing fishery activities mean that the natural grazer/growth balance in sea grass beds has

been lost, potentially leading to changes in community structure and health.

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3.4.2.4 Rocky Shores

Rocky Shores are the most common shore habitats in the granitic islands and are typified by a

limited vegetation structure consisting of species such as Hibiscus tiliaceus, occasional stands of

the endemic Balfour’s pandanus (Pandanus balfouri), Scaevola sericea, creepers (e.g., Ipomea

pescaprae) and grasses. In their natural state and particularly on promontories and rocky islets,

rocky shores historically supported important seabird populations and and/or roosts (e.g. Sterna

anaethetus, Phaethon lepturus, Puffinus pacificus), such as those still found on reserve islands

like Cousin and Aride.

3.4.2.5 Intertidal Zone

The intertidal zone is rich in gastropods, some of which are commonly exploited for food (e.g.,

Patella exusta and Cellana radiata). The trochus Monodonta australis and the majority of

Seychelles Nerites (Nerita albicilla, N. plicata, N. polita, N. textilis) are common in this zone; as

are various species of Littorinid (Littorina kraussi. L. scabra, L. undulata and Peasiella

roepstorffiana). Planaxis sulcatus occurs in large colonies in this zone, the Morulas, Morula

granulata and M. uva are also common and the cowrie Cypraea caputserpentis is common in

rocks clefts typified by strong wave action.

Rocky shores also harbor large crab populations (Grapsus and Geograpsus spp) and occasionally

the distinctive chiton, Acanthopleura brevispinosa. Accessible rocky shores are intensively

harvested for shell fish for both domestic and commercial use. Increasingly physical

development is encroaching in these areas to meet the demand for seaside properties.

3.5 Protected Areas

The terrestrial Protected Area Network (PAN) constitutes 46.6% of Seychelles’ total landmass,

an enormous commitment to biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, recently the Government

stated the political objective of incorporating more than 50% of Seychelles landmass in the PAN

and preliminary approval has been given for the declaration of additional areas to take the total

over 50%. These percentages are very impressive, but perhaps more important than the quantity

is the quality of protected areas in question. The vast majority of Seychelles endemic

biodiversity is to be found in the ancient granitic inner islands. Within the granitic islands

however, 22.3% of the landmass or significantly less than the national average is currently

protected.

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in Seychelles present a very different scenario. Seychelles was

the first country in east Africa to establish a network of MPAs, but at the time of their selection

they were primarily chosen for touristic utility, as opposed to biodiversity criteria, as at that time

the marine environment was still of a relatively homogenous high quality. Subsequent human

development activities and impacts, and notably the 1998 coral bleaching event, have changed

that scenario. Furthermore, unlike the terrestrial scenario where nearly 50% of the landmass lies

within the PAN, the existing MPAs in Seychelles constitute less than 1% of the country’s

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

17

In Seychelles there are at least the following five different types of MPAs: marine national park,

shell (mollusk) reserve, special reserve, protected areas, and strict natural reserve.

The Seychelles Government has recognized this shortfall in the marine domain and has initiated

a marine spatial planning process with the ultimate objective of designating 30% of the EEZ as

protected. Half of that area, or 15% of the EEZ, is to be designated as strict no-take zones.

3.6 Marine Fauna

3.6.1 Marine Mammals

According to a UNEP report (2008), two orders of marine mammals (Sirenia and Cetacea) occur

in Seychelles waters. In 1963, the humpback whale was officially protected in the southern

hemisphere but captures continued up to 1974. In 1979, the Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary was

created prohibiting the further capture of whales. Today, both baleen (Mysticetes) and toothed

(Ondoctocetes dolphins, beaked whales and sperm whales) whales are still found in the

Seychelles. Over 26 species have been observed, comprising 7 dolphin species of which 4 are

common and 19 whale species. Some of these species such as the Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops

truncates) and sperm whale (Physeter microcephalus) are regularly sighted whereas others such

as the Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) are rare. The most important areas for cetaceans in

the Seychelles include the area north and south of the Mahé Plateau, the Amirantes and the area

around the Aldabra atoll. There have been no specific studies to investigate whether these areas

are important breeding, foraging or resting grounds. The Marine Conservation Society of

Seychelles (MCSS), a locally-based NGO, has been active in monitoring and management of

marine mammals in the Seychelles. In 2005 an informal Marine Mammal Observatory was set

up to provide a central collection point for opportunistic as well as formal marine mammal

sighting data. Seychelles is also a party to the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS).

3.6.2 Birds

The Seychelles’ high ornithological profile is partly due to the vast amount of breading seabirds

that occur within its EEZ. Despite the fact that the archipelago is not situated along any

important migratory routes, some colonies of Frigate spp. regularly consist of more than 1

million birds and hence, are amongst the largest colonies in the world. Hence, seabird

conservation is of great importance in maintaining both national and international bird

biodiversity. To date, 18 species of seabirds are known to breed in the Seychelles.

3.6.3 Sea turtles

Four species of sea turtles are found in Seychelles waters. However, only the Green turtle

(Cheloniamydas) and the Hawksbill turtles (Erethmochelys imbticata) nests in the Seychelles.

Hawksbill turtles nest mainly in the granitic islands whereas Green turtles nest mainly in the

outer islands. The other 2 species found in Seychelles waters are the Leatherback turtle

(Dermochelys coriacea) and the Loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). The Seychelles hosts 1 of

the 5 most significant populations of hawksbill turtle, which is listed as critically endangered.

There has been a decline in the number of female nesting hawksbill turtles over the past few

18

decades. Fortunately, some of the most important nesting sites have protected status either as

special reserves or as marine national parks. For green turtles, the numbers of nesting females

appear to have increased significantly during the past few decades. The Marine National Parks of

Ste. Anne and Curieuse and the two Special Reserves of Cousin and Aride and the island of

Cousine remain some of the most important hawksbill nesting sites in Seychelles. Aldabra atoll,

in the outer islands, is both a Special Reserve and a UNESCO World Heritage site and has one of

the largest populations of nesting green turtles in the World. All species of turtle are protected in

Seychelles.

3.6.3 Sharks

There are over 100 species of sharks and rays known to occur in the Seychelles and it is

estimated that there is between 50,000 and 56,000 Mt of shark biomass on the Mahé Plateau with

an additional 34,000 Mt on the other banks. The whale shark is also common in Seychelles

waters and is protected. Many other species of sharks are targeted or taken as bycatch in

artisanal, semi-industrial and industrial fisheries. A number of regulations prescribe measures for

shark fisheries, while Seychelles has recently prepared its second National Plan of Action for the

Conservation and Management of Sharks (2016-2020). Some oceanic sharks are also subject to

monitoring and regulations under the auspices of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. .

3.6.3 Sea Cucumber

The sea cucumber fishery in the Seychelles has seen a rapid development during the past decade

or more. By 1999 there were already signs of population depletion, including lower volumes of

high value species and fishers having to travel further and dive deeper to maintain catch rates,

and concerns were raised regarding the sustainability of the fishery. The fishery moved to a

limited access regime in the early 2000s to prevent a worsening of overexploitaion, with the

introduction of a maximum of 25 licenses and limits on the number of divers operating under

each license. As a result a survey of sea cucumber density at 246 sites throughout the Amirantes

and Mahé Plateau was undertaken by SFA in 2004. Two species were considered as over

exploited, 3 as fully exploited, and the remainder as either under exploited or at virgin levels.

Efforts to introduce total allowable catches for sea cucumbers based on the outcome of the

survey were unsuccessful. Despite the limited access, effort was relatively unconstrained and the

fishery progressed to exploit most divable habitat on the banks and plateaux by 2010. Catches of

high value species continued to rise until 2011, but have subsequently exhibited year-on-year

declines.

3.7 Fish Resources

The vast majority of fish found in Seychelles are wide ranging species that extend across the

Indian Ocean to the western or mid Pacific Ocean. In addition to open ocean pelagic waters,

which constitute the bulk of the EEZ, Seychelles is characterized by a series of continental

shelves with a total surface area of almost 50,000 km2. Therefore, there are a wide range of

marine habitats for fishes, including shallow water fringing reefs, granitic reefs, banks, plateaus,

shelves and drop-offs, atolls, lagoons, seamounts, abyssal and pelagic habitats.

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Seychelles waters are relatively rich in fishing resources. A total of 1196 marine species

belonging to 140 families have been recorded in Seychelles. However, a relatively low

percentage of these species are targeted by the fisheries sectors (industrial, semi-industrial or

artisanal).

It has become increasingly apparent since the mid-1980s that the demersal fishery resources of

the Mahé Plateau were being overexploited. Initially, it was considered a concern of the inner

reefs and policies were introduced to relocate fishing pressure to offshore banks. Analysis of

Vessel Monitoring System data indicate that the entire plateau is now heavily exploited, with

fishery indicators and stock assessments presenting evidence of overfishing for high value

species. This is particularly apparent in the decline of the occurrence, diversity and abundance of

Serranidae on the plateau, with several species now very scarce or absent from the Mahé Plateau

catch. Declines and overfishing are also apparent in the emperor red snapper (Lutjanus sebae)

and the brownspotted grouper (Epinephelus chlorostigma).

3.8 Socioeconomic Characteristics

3.8.1 Demographics

The Seychelles population stood at 94,677 in mid-2016, comprising 47,343 males and 47,334

females. The population growth rate is 1.3% since 2015. The Seychelles population is projected

to grow to some 100,000 in mid-2020 and to reach 108,000 in mid-2045.

There are indications that the Seychellois population is slowly growing older. The growth rate is

projected to decrease steadily to as low as 0.1% from 2042 to 2045.

The population is mainly located on the three main islands of Mahé, Praslin and La Digue.

78.9% of the population is located on Mahé Island, 8.7 % on Praslin and the rest (3.7%) on La

Digue and the Outer Islands. The average household size in 2013 was 3.4 persons, down from

3.7 persons in 2010. In 2013, the number of households were 28 367.

3.8.2 Ethnicity

The ethnic groups in Seychelles consist of primarily the Seychellois Creole at 89%, with Indian

(5%), Malagasy (3%) and Chinese (1%) making up the rest. Most citizens consider themselves as

Seychellois. The constant flux of immigrants to Seychelles, initially from continental Africa,

Europe and the Indian sub-continent, and later from China, have created an ethnically diverse

population.

3.8.3 Education

In 2015, the national literacy rate was 95.32%. According to 2012 figures, the literacy rate is

almost even for both genders, with male at 91.4% and female at 92.3%. These figures are

noteworthy, when considering that the 2004 literacy rate was 88%.

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3.8.4 Employment

Seychelles is classified as a high income country. The national unemployment rate in 2014 was

3%, decreasing from 3.3% in 2013. In comparison, the national unemployment rate reached

4.2% in the second quarter of 2016. In the latter year, the female unemployment rate (4.6%) was

higher than that of the males at 3.9%.

The private sector provides the majority of employment and employment within this sector is

steadily growing. In contrast, the employment by the government sector shows a relative

stability, while employment within the parastatal sector showed slight but constant growth.

The highest concentration of employment occurs in the accommodation and food service

activities (19%). The second largest employment industry is that of construction (12%).

3.8.5 Land Use

Almost half of the land (about 47%) is protected by a number of conservation areas. Arable land

includes approximately 10,000 ha, of which about 60% consists of coconut and other tree-crop

plantations. A large amount of arable land has been used for other purposes, especially for

housing.

On the major granitic islands, 42% of the land is covered by forests. Forest cover consists of

unprotected natural forest (41%), national park forests (48%) and plantations (11%). Forested

areas do not lend themselves to other uses due to the topography of the land. However, as land

availability decreases, housing developments are rapidly encroaching into the higher forested

areas.

Industrial developments include coconut oil and soap manufacturing factories, a tuna-canning

operation and various related operations. Land is also needed for public utilities such as sewage

works and desalination operations. On Mahé, the airport, the Victoria Sewage Works and the

desalination plant are all located on reclaimed land. Other industries and some housing are also

located on reclaimed land

3.8.6 Economic Activities

3.8.6.1 Fisheries Sector

As mentioned in the first section, Seychelles has a well-developed fishing sector that is a vital

part of the social and economic development of the country. Fishing alone accounts for around 8

per cent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around one sixth of employment. It is the

country’s largest foreign exchange earning sector.

It is estimated that the fishing sector, including ancillary activities, generates both directly and

indirectly around 6,000 jobs, amounting to about 17% of total formal employment. Since 2004,

the percentage of fisheries contribution to the total GDP has been increasing from 6.4% to 7.7%

21

in 2008. It is believed that if all fisheries-related activities were taken into account, the annual

true contribution to GDP would be between 15 and 20%.

The per capita consumption of fish in Seychelles is one of the highest in the world at around 54-

65 kg/person/year.

3.8.6.1.1 Small-Scale Fisheries

Subsistence and semi-industrial small-scale fishing contribute between 1% and 2% to GDP

annually. Land-based economic opportunities are very limited in the Seychelles. Fishing is,

therefore, an integral source of income, employment, food security and foreign exchange in the

country. Of the total employment generated by the fisheries sector, some 30% of this

employment is in the small-scale fisheries, and 10% of the population is reliant on income from

the small-scale fishing sector.

The estimated number of full-time fishers employed in the artisanal demersal fishing sector in

2007 amounted to approximately 1,050, plus an indeterminate number of part-time and

recreational fishermen. It has been estimated that full-time demersal fishers represent 62% of the

total number of fishers in the artisanal fisheries sector and account for 73% of total fish landings.

The number of persons employed in the land-based artisanal fisheries processing sector is

approximately 200 (including around 25 part time workers).

The artisanal fisheries, which are largely open access, provide the bulk of all fish consumed

locally. Catches in the commercial sector of the artisanal fishery have declined steadily from

4778 tons in 2008 to 2511 tons in 2012, but have increased to 4135 tons in 2013 (as a

consequence of an increase in effort). Landings of the sport and recreational sectors, which are

suspected to be significant, are however unknown.

The submarine banks of Seychelles form the basis of the artisanal fisheries, providing vital food

security, employment and high value trade commodities. The Mahé Plateau is of particular

importance. This shallow bank of some 39,000 km2 supports important demersal fisheries such

as: Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae, Serranidiae, and Siganidae. Some 100 species of demersal

fish are commonly caught. Also important are the sea cucumber, lobster and octopus fisheries.

The artisanal fisheries, practiced solely by Seychellois fishers, comprise a variety of vessel and

gear types. Although still used in a few near-shore areas, the traditional wooden canoes have

largely been replaced by more powerful craft. The fleet is now dominated by small fiberglass

boats powered by outboard motors (over 15 horsepower) and partially decked whaler vessels

powered by inboard motors. Until the introduction of the schooner fishery in 1974, the fleet was

largely restricted to near-shore fishing grounds on the Mahé Plateau, but now has moved further

offshore. The outlying coralline islands and atolls are less exploited. The main gear type

employed is hook and line, with bamboo traps, beach seines, droplines and longlines of lesser

importance. Spear guns and shark gill nets are prohibited in Seychelles, as is the use of trawl nets

to target demersal resources.

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3.8.6.1.2 Semi-Industrial and Industrial Fisheries

Within the Seychelles EEZ, semi-industrial and industrial fishing is practiced by a combination

of fleets of local- and foreign-owned vessels, primarily capturing Bluefin and Bigeye tuna. Semi-

industrial fishing comprises locally-owned longliners plying techniques such as longlining,

handlining and droplining to land swordfish and tuna, whereas industrial fishing is comprised of

foreign-owned long-liners and purse seiners. Over 110,000 tons of fish were landed by semi-

industrial and industrial fishing within the Seychelles EEZ in 2013.

The semi-industrial fisheries have a large-pelagic longline component, a demersal hook and line

fishery and a sea cucumber diving component. Most of the fish from these fisheries, except for a

small proportion of linefish and tuna, is exported.

As a result of the semi-industrial and industrial fisheries within the Seychelles EEZ, the second

largest cannery in the world is the leading employer in the Seychelles, with a workforce of over

2,500.

3.8.7 Tourism and Recreation

A major contributor to the GDP of Seychelles is tourism, amounting to 25.6% in 2010, which is

an increase of 2.2% from 2007. The tourism industry directly employed 25% of the labor force

and generated in the order of $270 million per year in 2012.

The sport and the recreational sectors target demersal fish species. The sport fisheries are a

relatively small sector made up of licensed super ski boats, primarily taking tourists out for big

game fishing for species such as wahoo, dolphin fish, sailfish, tuna and marlin. The main gear

type used is trolling; however, some handline fishing for demersal species are also conducted. Its

contribution to the coastal livelihood is relatively unknown, as there are few data collected for

these fisheries. Similarly, the monitoring of recreational fisheries is virtually nonexistent, since

anyone can fish for leisure or as a hobby in Seychelles, and no license is required for recreational

fishing. Recreational fishers are mostly active during the evenings and weekends, and most of

this catch is commercialized.

3.8.8 Agriculture and Forestry

Due to the restrictive nature of land-based opportunities in Seychelles, agriculture and forestry

contribute considerably less to the GDP than the more lucrative tourism sector. There has

recently been a revival in the traditional exports of cinnamon and copra, as the government

provides incentives to the sector to increase productivity. The heavy reliance on the importation

of staple foods means that food security remains an issue. This is in spite of the country

becoming mostly self-sufficient in eggs, poultry and pork during the late 1990s.

Most agricultural practices are focused in the South of Mahé. They consist mainly of small-scale

commercial farming that is conducted in small open fields and greenhouse tunnels. The

mountainous terrain and low soil fertility of the Seychelles greatly reduce productivity in the

agricultural sector.

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4.0 LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

This chapter discusses the Seychellois legal, institutional and policy framework applicable to the

SWIOFish3 Project.6 Given the nature of the Project, this chapter focuses on the Environmental

and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process in the country, and the pertinent frameworks for

protected areas, the fisheries sector and the blue economy.

4.1 ESIA Process

4.1.1 Institutional Framework

The Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change (MEECC) is responsible for

administering the Environmental Protection Act, 2016 (Act 18 of 2016). The functions of the

Ministry are established in Section 4 of the Act, as follows:

(i) administer, implement and enforce the provisions of this Act;

(ii) develop and implement policies, programmes and guidelines in pursuance of the

national objectives on environment protection;

(iii) co-ordinate the activities of other agencies concerned with the protection of the

environment –

(a) under this Act; or

(b) under any other written law for the time being in force which relates to the objects

of this Act;

(iv) develop, evolve and where necessary adopt standards for the quality of the

environment in its various aspects and for emission or discharge of environmental

pollutants from any source whatsoever;

(v) commission research and sponsor studies on problems relating to environmental

pollution;

(vi) examine such manufacturing processes, materials and substances as are likely to

cause environmental pollution;

(vii) identify areas in which any activity shall not be carried out or shall be carried out

subject to certain safeguards;

(viii) develop, evolve and where necessary adopt procedures and safeguards for the

prevention of accidents which may cause environmental pollution and remedial

measures for such accidents;

(ix) collect and disseminate information in respect of matters relating to environmental

protection;

(x) co-ordinate actions required in a state of environmental emergency or any other

situation which may pose a serious threat to the environment; and

(xi) prepare manuals, codes or guidelines relating to environmental protection and for the

prevention, control and abatement of pollution.

The MEECC manages the ESIA process in the country, specifically through the Environmental

Assessment and Permit Section (EAPS) within the Department of Environment.

6 This chapter is based on the following sources: Carolus, 2015; SFA, 2016; and Vivid Economics, 2015a, with

some paragraphs following very closely the contents of Carolus, 2015.

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4.1.2 Legal Framework

4.1.2.1 The Environment Protection Act, 2016

The Environment Protection Act, 2016 (Act 18 of 2016) provides for the protection,

preservation and improvement of the environment and for the control of hazards to human

beings, other living creatures, plants and property. The Act also provides for the coordination,

implementation and enforcement of policies pursuant to the national objectives on environment

protection.

Section 44 (1) of the Act establishes the requirement of an Environmental Authorization for any

development defined in the Act (e.g., land subdivisions, reclamation works, construction of new

roads or sea walls, etc.), any “prescribed project or activity” or any project or activity proposed

in a protected or ecologically sensitive area. The Environmental Authorization is granted or

denied based on the review of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Class I. Sections 45,

46 and 47 of the Act deal with EIAs.

Schedule 1 of the Environment Protection (Impact Assessment) Regulations of 1996, titled

“Projects or Activities Requiring Environmental Authorization,” lists the “prescribed projects

and activities” mentioned in the Act. Schedule 1 includes:

“4 Fish and associated products farming:

4-1 Fish farming works and extension, aquaculture.

4-2 Fish processing plants and equipment.”

Based on the above, the Seychellois environmental regulations require the preparation of an

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for some of the types of sub-projects likely

to be included in Sub-component 3.2 (Expansion of the Sea-Food Value Chains) of the

SWIOFish3 Project (see Section 6.1, Chapter 6.0, for a list of potential sub-projects). The

Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) for the Project complies with these

regulations by specifying the requirement of an ESIA for the types of fisheries sub-projects listed

in Schedule 1, even though these sub-projects fall under the Medium Risk category established

in the ESMF, and although these sub-projects would be categorized as Category B7 or Medium

Risk according to the World Bank safeguards policies (for the World Bank safeguards policies

applicable to the Project see Chapter 5.0, and for the environmental and social categorization of

sub-projects, see Chapter 6.).

Annex XII provides an overview of the ESIA process in Seychelles.

4.2 Protected Areas

The Convention on Biological Diversity is the main international commitment that Seychelles

has vis-a-vis Protected Areas. Seychelles committed to protection of 30% of its marine area in

7 The Draft Project Appraisal Document classifies the SWIOFish3 Project as Category B. Different World Bank

documents include small and medium scale fisheries and fisheries processing projects, such as those included in

SWIOFish3, in their illustrative list of Category B or Medium Risk projects (see, for instance, WB, 2008b, p.

14, and IFC, 1998, p. 20).

25

Rio+20 (2009). These obligations are furthered in the newly developed Protected Areas Policy

2013 and the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015- 2020. Seychelles is also a

party to several other conventions or initiatives that concern protected areas, including

UNCLOS, the Ramsar (Wetlands) Convention, the World Heritage Convention, the Migratory

Species or Bonn Convention and the International Coral Reef Initiative.


The following institutions are involved in the management of marine protected areas:

Department of Environment within the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change

(MEECC), the Seychelles National Parks Authority, the Seychelles Fishing Authority, the

Seychelles Islands Foundation and several Non Governmental Organizations, including Nature

Seychelles and the Islands Conservation Society.


The following pieces of legislation are relevant:

National Parks and Nature Conservancy Act (1969): establishes 4 categories of protected

areas: Strict Nature Reserves, Special Reserves, National Parks, and Areas of Outstanding

Beauty. In addition, it established the National Environment Commission to coordinate all

activities in Seychelles, including activities of the Government, concerned with conservation

or management of the environment. The Commission can by order published in the Gazette,

designate any area as a National Park, a Strict Natural Reserve, a Special Reserve or an Area

of Outstanding Natural Beauty.

Fisheries Regulations (1987): make provision for protected areas where the use of any net,

which is operated by being dragged across the seabed is prohibited. In addition, foreign

vessels are prohibited from fishing within nine zones of the EEZ – Industrial Fishing

Exclusion Areas.

Protected Areas Act (1967): establishes that protected areas may be declared if it is found to

be necessary or expedient in the public interest that special precautions should be taken to

prevent the entry of unauthorized persons to such areas, place or premises.

Beach Control Act (1971): Regulations for controlling use of the seashore and inshore

waters, which includes prohibition or regulation of fishing by such means as may be

prescribed within designated areas of the inshore waters of the sea.

Forest Reserves Act (1995), which allows the designation of forest reserves and stipulates

permits and penalties related to destruction, removal of any trees, wood or forest produce.

Written permits issued by the Chief Agricultural Officer are required for movement within

forest reserves, including being accompanied by a forest officer of delegate.

Wild Birds Protection Act (1966) lists the nature reserves and the birds that are protected

from purchase, sell or exhibit for sale, or export and tampering with the eggs or nests.

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4.2.3 Policy Framework

4.2.3.1 Debt-for-Climate-Adaptation Swap and marine spatial planning

Seychelles has embarked on the debt-for-climate-adaptation swap that redirects a portion of

Seychelles’ debt payments to fund nature-based solutions to climate change. The redirected

portion of the debt service goes through an independent public-private trust fund call the

Seychelles Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT), which was established by a

bill in 2016. The primary mechanism is to improve the ecological resilience through a

commitment by Seychelles to protect 30% of its marine area. To identify areas for protection, the

MEECC is leading the Seychelles Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) initiative, a multistakeholder

planning process supported by The Nature Conservancy. The MSP initiative aims to identify and

protect high and medium biodiversity areas (about 15% of coverage of each in the EEZ) and to

define compatible uses for each area, including fisheries.

4.2.3.2 Seychelles Protected Areas Policy (2013)

The vision of the Policy is to have a Protected Areas System on land and in the sea that protects

and conserves high quality, comprehensive and ecologically representative examples of

Seychelles natural diversity and cultural heritage, and that provides ample opportunities for the

fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the sustainable use of these resources.

The principal goal of the policy is to achieve an effective and multi-use protected area system

that is representative, comprehensive and balanced, and to maintain the highest quality examples

of ecosystems within the country by engaging all stakeholders.

The Policy establishes the following five categories of protected areas: (i) Strict Nature Reserve

(IUCN Ia); (ii) Ecological Reserve (IUCN IV); (iii) National Park (IUCN II); (iv) Protected

Landscape/Seascape (IUCN V); and (v) Sustainable Use Area (IUCN VI).

Legislation that gives effect to the policy has been drafted (the Nature Protection and

Conservancy Bill) and is expected to be presented for review by the National Assembly in 2017.

4.2.3.3 Seychelles Sustainable Development Strategy 2012-2020

The Strategy sets out goals and corresponding strategic objectives in the thematic area of

Biodiversity and Forestry. The two goals are as follows: (i) Goal 1: conserve and manage

terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity to ensure sustainable use and equitable benefits to the people;

and (ii) Goal 2: Improve our understanding of biological diversity and ecosystem functioning in

a changing environment.

4.2.3.4 National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2015-2020

The NBSAP addresses Seychelles’ obligations under Article 6a of the Convention on Biological

Diversity. It establishes climate change as a cross-cutting threat and complicating factor in

assessing priority threats to terrestrial biodiversity and is also seen as a major threat to the

27

conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity, in particular the biodiverse habitat of

coral reefs. Furthermore, the document sees overfishing as the primary threat in marine

ecosystems. The combined effect of overfishing and raised sea temperatures is discussed with

regards to the impact on reef systems.

The NBSAP further discusses the legal basis and classification of the Seychelles Protected Area

Network, as well as problem areas such as its representative nature, the shortfalls in Marine

Protected Areas, management issues and lack of sustainable financing mechanisms.

4.3 Fisheries


The Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) is responsible for providing policy directions

for the fisheries sector. The Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA), a line agency of MAF, is the

executive arm of government for fisheries. SFA was incorporated by the Seychelles Fishing

Authority (Establishment) Act of 1984, which specifies that the role of the parastatal is to: (i)

promote, organize and develop fishing, fishing industries and fishing resources in Seychelles; (ii)

assist in the formulation and the implementation of the national policy with respect to fishing,

fishing industries and fishing resources; (iii) conduct negotiations, or engage in meetings,

seminars or discussions, with regard to fishing or fisheries or the establishment or operation of

fishing industries, whether at a national or international level, on behalf of the Republic or

otherwise; and (iv) identity the manpower training requirements of Seychelles with regard to

fishing and fishing industries.


4.3.2.1 Fisheries Act (2014)

The Fisheries Act (2014) provides for the management and sustainable development of fisheries,

including aquaculture. The Fisheries Act (2014) also makes provision for the licensing of fishing

vessels, the regulation and enforcement of fishing activities, and offences. The Act provides SFA

with the mandate to manage and sustainable develop fisheries in accordance with: (1)

internationally recognized norms, standards and best practices, including the United Nations

Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) and the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible

Fisheries 1995; and (ii) an ecosystem approach to fisheries which ensures that the development

and management of fisheries addresses the multiple needs and desires of the society without

jeopardizing the options for future generations to benefit from the full range of goods and

services provided by marine ecosystems. The Fisheries Act seeks to implement the international

and regional fisheries obligations that Seychelles is party to, including Conservation and

Management Measures of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Under the Act, the SFA has the

mandate to prepare and keep under review a plan for the management of fisheries. To this end,

the Praslin Artisanal Trap and Line Fishery Co-Management Plan 2013 (revised in 2015) has

been developed and the Mahé Plateau Trap and Line Fishery Co-management Plan is its final

stages of preparation. A Mariculture Master Plan (MMP) is currently being developed.

28

4.3.2.2 Fisheries Regulations (1987)

The Fisheries Regulations (1987) were prepared under the previous Fisheries Act (1987) and are

in the process of being revised to conform to the 2014 Act. Until such time, the provisions of the

1987 Regulations remain in force.

Some relevant provisions are contained in the following 15 regulations: (i) requirements and

conditions of license for a fishing vessel (Regs 3 and 6); (ii) designation of No fishing Zones

(First Schedule); (iii) licenses for use of nets, including demersal nets (Regs 10 and 14); (iv)

designation of protected areas where the use of any net which is operated by being dragged

across the sea bed is prohibited (Reg 15); (v) prohibition to place any net in any reef pass or

channel in such a way as to obstruct the passage of fish (Reg 16); (vi) prohibition on use,

possession, sale of a spear gun for fishing (Reg 18); (vii) licensing of fishing sea cucumbers (Reg

19A); (viii) regulation on female crustaceans (Reg 20); (ix) return to the sea of protected

aquatic organism unintentionally caught (Reg 22); (x) protection of fish or other aquatic

organism from in any net, trap, line, fish aggregating device or other fishing gear (Reg 23); (xi)

aquaculture (Reg 24); (xii) prohibition on landing or transhipping of any fish caught contrary to

international management measures (Reg 24A); and (xiii) the regulation of live trade of wild

finfish and other marine species ( Reg 25A). Foreign vessels are prohibited from fishing within

nine zones within the EEZ, termed the Industrial Fishing Exclusion Areas.

4.3.2.3 Licenses (Fisheries) Regulations (1987)

The regulations, prepared under the Licenses Act 2010, provide for the licensing of foreign and

local fishing vessels.

4.3.2.4 Other Relevant Legislation for the Management of Fisheries

and Marine Resources

These pieces of legislation include:

The Maritime Zones Act (1999), which establishes the boundaries for Seychelles’ maritime

zones, the territorial sea, archipelagic waters, contiguous zone as well as the exclusive

economic zone and the continental shelf;

The Environment Protection Act (1994), which serves to ensure that all development and

activities, including fisheries, are subject to environmental controls; and

The National Parks and Nature Conservancy Act (1969), which provides the legal instrument

to establish and manage marine protected areas for fisheries conservation, as well as other

purposes.

4.3.3 Policy Framework

4.3.3.1 Fisheries Policy

The Fisheries Policy 2005 remains the guiding policy for the sector with the main aim of

promoting conservation and management of marine resources in order to ensure the

sustainability and long-term viability of the industry. The policy emphasizes the importance of a

29

precautionary approach to management. Specific policy objectives include the promotion of

sustainable management and responsible fishing practices, and the development of the sector to

provide food security, employment, income, and foreign exchange earnings, while ensuring the

effective protection of the marine ecosystem. It further seeks to maintain Port Victoria as the

major hub for tuna landings and transshipment in the region, and to encourage greater use of the

port by longliners, through investments in port infrastructure, services and processing.

The Seychelles National Agricultural Investment Plan (SNAIP) 2015-2020, which aligns with

the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (2013), identifies programs of support for the

fisheries and aquaculture sector. The Seychelles Sustainable Development Strategy (2012-2020)

also sets out goals and corresponding strategic objectives in the thematic area of Fisheries and

Marine Resources. The two goals are as follows: (i) Goal 1: manage demersal, semi-pelagic and

pelagic resources in the Seychelles EEZ sustainably; (ii) Goal 2: develop a sustainable

mariculture industry in Seychelles.

As mandated by the Fisheries Act (2014) and to meet policy aims and objectives, SFA is

required to maintain active fisheries management plans. While many fisheries are regulated, in

terms of licensing and technical measures, operational fisheries management plans, developed

and implemented in accordance with international best practice, are currently lacking. To address

this, SFA have recently collaborated with stakeholders to draft the Praslin Artisanal Trap and

Line Fishery Co-Management Plan 2013 (revised in 2015) and the Mahé Plateau Trap and Line

Fishery Co-management Plan. Measures that will be introduced by the plans in early phases

include the development of a fishery-specific licensing framework, with the ultimate objective of

ending open access, as well as minimum size limits for key species and recreational fishery bag

limits. Both plans are pending implementation. A fishery co-management plan for sea cucumber

will also be supported under SWIOFish3, as well as a tuna fishery development plan that will

address fleet capacity management.

The development of an aquaculture sector has been prioritized by the Seychelles government as a

core component of the Blue Economy. A MMP has been drafted by SFA and MAF, which

describes the strategic development of an aquaculture industry across four different zones – land-

based, inshore, aquaculture development zone and offshore. A detailed Environmental and Social

impact Assessment has been completed for implementation of the MMP.

4.4 Blue Economy


Seychelles has adopted a strategic development agenda built conceptually on the blue economy,

which recognises the challenges of reconciling economic growth while maintaining the integrity

of socio-ecological systems. The concept was formally launched at the First Blue Economy

Summit co-hosted by Seychelles and Abu Dhabi in 2014. A focus on the blue economy aims to

support implementation of the Paris Climate Change Agreement and Sustainable Development

Goal 14 on the Oceans, and its related targets. The importance of the ocean to sustainable

economic development was recognized by the formation of a Department of the Blue Economy,

under the Ministry of Finance, Trade and the Blue Economy, in 2015. In late 2016, the

30

Department migrated to the Office of the Vice-President. Seychelles has prepared a National

Blue Economy Roadmap to support its transition to a more integrated and sustainable ocean-

based economy.

4.4.2 Legal and Policy Framework

The blue economy concept seeks to work with existing legal and institutional structures for

ocean-based sectors rather than create parallel structures. The blue economy roadmap, currently

being developed, aims to increase the data and knowledge on ocean habitats and ensure

knowledge-based integration of policy and development across the two main sectors of

economy, namely fisheries and tourism. The roadmap will focus on improved fisheries

management through equitable, non-subsidized and sustainable practices. Protective measures

will be enhanced, including improvements to monitoring and surveillance tools. Capacity

building, research and innovation are central components. The Department of Blue Economy is

also supporting the development of new ocean-based economies, in particular renewable

energies, marine biotechnology and aquaculture.

31

5.0 APPLICABLE WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES

The SWIOFish3 Project is classified as Category B in the World Bank Draft Project Appraisal

Document, indicating that moderate and minor negative environmental and social impacts and

risks are anticipated.

Table 5.0 identifies the World Bank safeguard policies triggered by the Project and explains

why.

Table 5.0

Applicable World Bank Safeguards Policies

Safeguard


Environmental

Assessment

OP/BP 4.01

Yes Sub-component 3.2: Expansion of the Sea-Food Value Chains includes funding of sub-projects

dealing potentially with aquaculture, facilities to process fish and fish byproducts, facilities for

cold storage, and service enterprises for cold storage and cold-chain maintenance, vessel

services and vessel refitting.

All of the above potential sub-projects are small to medium scale. As elaborated in Chapter 6.0,

they are likely to generate minor to moderate negative environmental and social impacts and

risks that can be prevented and managed with standard mitigation measures.

The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) identifies the likely impacts

and risks of the SWIOFish3 Project, which will be overwhelmingly positive, and provides

procedures to screen sub-projects, determine the level of environmental and social assessment

required for each sub-project based on identified impacts and risks, and oversee the

environmental and social performance of sub-projects during implementation.

Natural

Habitats

OP/BP 4.04

Yes SWIOFish3 Project activities included in Components 1 and 2 involve capacity building and


activities, improvement of the fisheries statistics system, finalization and approval of marine

resources management and co-management plans, and improvement of the regulatory

framework for fisheries and protected areas. All these activities will lead to the improved

management and protection of marine and coastal ecosystems that serve as habitats for fauna

species of commercial and recreational value, as well as species important to overall ecosystem

health and functioning.

Under Sub-component 3.2: Expansion of the Sea-Food Value Chains, aquaculture sub-projects

are potentially eligible for funding. The likely sites for these projects are certain pre-established

coastal and marine areas, some of which are natural habitats for aquatic fauna. As stipulated in

Seychelles environmental regulatory framework, the ESMF requires the preparation of an

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for each of these sub-projects.

Forests OP/BP

4.36

No The SWIOFish3 Project will not be implemented in forested areas.

Pest

Management

OP 4.09

No The SWIOFish3 Project does not require the use of pesticides.

Physical

Cultural

Resources

OP/BP 4.11

No There are no comprehensive surveys of shipwrecks in Seychelles (SFA, 2016, p. 97) and a

recent study found no records or publications on maritime or terrestrial archaeological work in

Seychelles (Ibid).

The development of the small and medium scale aquaculture sub-projects likely to receive

financing under the SWIOFish3 Project will not disturb the sea floor where shipwrecks might

be found.

Indigenous

Peoples

OP/BP 4.10

No There are no indigenous peoples settled in the area of implementation of the SWIOFish3

Project.

32

Safeguard


Involuntary

Resettlement

OP/BP 4.12

Yes Sub-component 2.1: Fisheries Management Plans and Sub-component 1.1: Expansion of the

Medium Biodiversity Areas involve support in developing and implementing fisheries co-

management plans and the marine spatial plan, as well as their associated regulatory

frameworks. Although these sub-components will lead to the sustainable management of

marine resources, in the short to medium term they will affect the livelihoods of fishing- and

tourist-related enterprises, communities and individuals that currently have open access to the

areas and resources that will be subjected to much stricter protection, management and

regulation. In addition, the fleet licensing scheme included in the fisheries co-management

plans will result in the decommissioning from service of some fishing and tourism vessels, and

the consequent displacement from fishing and tourism activities of affected vessel owners,

operators and fishers.

Following the guidelines established in OP/BP 4.12, a separate report includes a Process

Framework to address the impacts of the restriction of access to marine and coastal areas and

resources.

Safety of

Dams OP/BP

4.37

No The SWIOFish3 Project does not involve the construction, rehabilitation or upgrade of dams.

Projects on

International

Waterways

OP/BP 7.50

No The SWIOFish3 Project will not be implemented on international waterways.

Projects in

Disputed

Areas

OP/BP7.60

No The SWIOFish3 Project will not be implemented in disputed areas.

33

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

(ESMF)

The Environmental and Social Management Framework is “… an instrument that examines the

risks and impacts when a project consists of a program and/or series of sub-projects, and the

risks and impacts cannot be determined until the program or sub-project details have been

identified. The ESMF sets out the principles, rules, guidelines and procedures to assess the

environmental and social risks and impacts. It contains measures and plans to reduce, mitigate

and/or offset adverse risks and impacts, provisions for estimating and budgeting the costs of such

measures, and information on the agency or agencies responsible for addressing project risks and

impacts, including on its capacity to manage environmental and social risks and impacts” (WB,

2016b, p. 39).

This chapter develops the detailed ESMF for the SWIOFish3 Project. It consists of ten sections.

Section 6.1 identifies the Project sub-component activities and possible types of sub-projects

likely to receive funding and anticipated to produce negative impacts and risks. The aim of this

exercise is to ensure that the ESMF is responsive to the characteristics of the Project and

facilitate the design of the ESMF.

Section 6.2 explains the structure of the ESMF, identifies the steps involved in its application,

indicates when each step of the ESMF should be implemented in relation to each of the phases of

the likely generic project cycles of the Seychelles Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust

(SeyCCAT) and the Development Bank of Seychelles (DBS), and identifies the tools used in

each step of the ESMF process.

Sections 6.3 to 6.7 describe the implementation tools, the timing of application of the tools, the

institutional responsibilities and the supporting documentation associated with, respectively,

each of the following ESMF steps: (i) Environmental and Social Screening; (ii) Environmental

and Social Scoping; (iii) Execution of Environmental and Social Studies; (iv) Incorporation of

Environmental and Social Sustainability into the Sub-Project Procurement Process; and (v)

Environmental and Social Compliance Oversight.

Section 6.8 details the institutional arrangements for the implementation of the ESMF.

Section 6.9 describes the Conflict Resolution Mechanism for the ESMF.

Section 61.0 discusses considerations for the development of the budget for the management of

the ESMF, and the training and technical assistance activities related to environmental and social

management.

6.1 Sub-Project Activities and Possible Sub-Projects Types that Raise


The overall environmental and social impact of the SWIOFish3 Project will be positive, with

many of the activities included in its sub-components likely to pose minimal or no negative

impacts or risks, such as those involving capacity building and technical assistance, research,

34

monitoring and control of natural resources and economic activities, improvement of the

fisheries statistics system, and finalization and approval of marine resources management and

co-management plans. However, some sub-component activities as well as some types of sub-

projects likely to receive funding under SWIOFish3 have the potential to generate negative

environmental and social impacts and risks, mostly of minor to moderate magnitude, because

they involve the construction of physical structures, limitation of access to economic activities

associated with the use of marine resources, capture and cultivation of fish species not currently

exploited commercially, and operation of fish and fish byproducts processing facilities that

utilize hazardous and toxic materials and release organic and chemical contaminants. Annex I

lists the potential positive impacts as well as the potential negative impacts and risks of the

Project.

In order to ensure that the ESMF is tailor-made to the characteristics of the SWIOFish3 Project,

Table 6.1 below identifies the various activities and sub-project types likely to receive funding

and anticipated to produce negative impacts and risks. This exercise will facilitate the

organization of the ESMF in terms of potential impacts and risks, as well as their management

measures and strategies.

Table 6.1 is based on the Project components and sub-components described in Section 2.3,

Chapter 2.0, and the more detailed potential sub-project types included in the following

documents, which are attached as Annex II: draft Project Budget, Tentative Green List of

Investments under the Blue Bond, and Ideas for Potential Grants Made by SeyCCAT from Blue

Bond Proceeds (20%).

35

Table 6.1

Sub-Project Activities and Possible Sub-Projects Types that Raise Environmental and Social Concerns

Project Sub-

Component


Projects


Sub-

component 2.1:

Fisheries

Management

Plans.

Sub-

component 1.1:

Expansion of

the Medium

Biodiversity

Areas

Implementation of management plans and

associated regulatory frameworks

Implementation of the Fisheries Management Plans and the Marine Spatial Plan will

limit the open access8 that fishers and tourist users currently have to practically all

marine areas, with the exception of protected areas. At present, there are virtually no

restrictions regarding the species and amount of fish caught, or the seasonality of the

capture. For example, some of the management strategies introduced in the Mahé

Plateau Demersal Trap and Line Fishery Co-Management Plan include the

development and implementation of a fishing license framework for fishing and tourism

fleets, minimum size limits for key species, recreational bag limits for some key

species, a recreational combined bag limit, a maximum number of active traps for

licensed vessels for commercial fishing, among others (pp. 12-27).

The additional Fisheries Co-Management Plans for Sea Cucumber and Tuna to be

developed with support from Sub-Component 2.1 will also contain strategies that will

restrict open access to these fish resources. Likewise, the proposed zoning types for

Seychelles’ Exclusive Economic Zone, as defined in the preliminary zoning design of

the marine spatial planning exercise, comprise areas with highly restrictive human uses

in the high biodiversity zones and moderate restrictions in the medium biodiversity

zones. Further, the SWIOFish3 Project will also support the extension of medium

biodiversity areas and the preparation of management plans and corresponding

regulations for these areas.

Although the above actions will lead to a sustainable management of marine resources,9

in the short to medium term they will affect the livelihoods of fishing- and tourist-

related enterprises, communities and individuals that currently use the areas and

resources that will be subjected to much stricter protection, management and regulation.

In addition, the fleet licensing scheme to be implemented will result in the

decommissioning from service of some fishing and tourism vessels, and the consequent

displacement from fishing and tourism activities of affected vessel owners, operators

and fishers.

The impact of this restriction of access to marine and coastal areas and resources has

not been established, requiring therefore the preparation of a Process Framework, which

is the subject of a separate report.

8 Fisheries in the country are open access, meaning that they are “… restricted only in the sense that vessels must be registered in the Seychelles. Other than

nationality, the other principal control is a prohibition on spear fishing. There are no controls over effort or catch” (Vivid Economics, 2015a, p. 2). 9 Annex I lists the potential positive environmental and social impacts of the SWIOFish3 Project by Component.

36

Project Sub-

Component


Projects


Sub-

component 3.2:

Expansion of

the Sea-Food

Value Chains

The proceeds from the Blue Bond will be

managed by: (i) Seychelles Conservation and

Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT), which

will provide grants to public and private entities

on a call for proposal basis; and (ii) the

Development Bank of Seychelles (DBS), which

will provide loans through the Blue Investment

Fund (BIF) to be created under the Project.

Potential Investments in different sectors are as

follows:

Aquaculture:

Pump-ashore flow-through systems and

recirculating aquaculture systems of sea

urchins, pearl oyster spat, ornamental finfish

and finfish fingerlings in land based zone.

Small scale cage aquaculture of finfish and

longline pearl oysters in inshore zone (i.e.,

sea-based areas within 2 km of the islands of

Mahé, Praslin, La Digue, potentially

Silhouette and Romainville).

Cage aquaculture of finfish in aquaculture

development zones (i.e., located between 2

and 5 km from shore).

Large scale, industrial cage aquaculture of

finfish in offshore zone (i.e., beyond 5 km

from shore).10

Processing Facilities:

Facilities for processing of fish, fish byproducts

(e.g., oil, collagen, amino acid, mineral

production, etc.) and cold storage, such as those

existing and being built at Providence Fish

Center, Ile du Port Handling Services (IPHS) in

Port Victoria and Bel Ombre. The Providence

Fish Center will also host the Seychelles


adequate mitigation measures.

At all processing facilities, there is no clear information on the level of treatment, if

any, that wastes will receive before they are discharged into the public sewerage

system.

Dealing specifically with the wastes from the facilities located at IPHS, it seems that the

public sewage treatment system serving this area is close to saturation and, therefore, it

might be able to process only part of those wastes.

Also at the IPHS, the first phase of construction activities, slated for completion in

10

These aquaculture production systems and aquaculture zones are defined in the Mariculture Master Plan (SFA, 2016, pp. 3-7)

37

Project Sub-

Component


Projects


broodstock quarantine and acclimation facility.

Services:

Ancillary enterprises for cold storage and cold-

chain maintenance, and small- to medium-scale

enterprises for agencies providing vessels

services (e.g. stevedoring, chandlery).

Refitting vessels for tourism, longline tuna

fishing, and under- or unexploited fisheries.

April or May 2017, before the start of implementation of the SWIOFish3 Project, are

underway to build part of the internal road network and install part of the water,

sewerage and electricity services. The environmental and social oversight of the

SWIOFish3 Project will include the second phase of these construction works, since

they are part of the ancillary services essential for the operation of the fish processing

facilities and to ensure that those works comply with environmental, social, health and

safety standards.





38

6.2 Structure of ESMF

The ESMF for the SWIOFish3 Project comprises the following five steps:

1. Environmental and Social Screening.

2. Environmental and Social Scoping.

3. Execution of Environmental and Social Studies.

4. Incorporation of Environmental and Social Sustainability into the Sub-Project Procurement

Process.

5. Environmental and Social Compliance Oversight.

Each ESMF step: i) contains particular tools that serve as practical mechanisms to implement the

respective step; ii) specifies institutional responsibilities for the application of each

implementation tool; and iii) includes instruments and/or documents to assist in the application

of the tools.

Table 6.2 below provides an overview of the ESMF process. It indicates when each step of the

ESMF should be implemented in relation to each phase of the likely generic project cycles at

SeyCCAT and DBS’ Blue Investment Fund that will be used in the management of the proceeds

from the Blue Bond, identifies the types of sub-projects to which each step applies, points out the

tools to use in each step, identifies the institutional responsibilities in the application of each

ESMF step and indicates the documents included as part of the ESMF to support the application

of each step.

6.3 Environmental and Social Screening

All sub-projects included in sub-component 3.2 (expansion of the sea-food value chains) of the

SWIOFish3 Project will undergo Environmental and Social Screening. Table 6.1 above contains

a list of potential sub-projects likely to receive funding under the Project in the aquaculture,

processing facilities and services sectors. This step will take place during the prequalification

phase of both the SeyCCAT and DBS’s Blue Investment Fund (BIF) project cycles.

All SWIOFish3 activities included in components 1 and 2, which involve capacity building and


activities, improvement of the fisheries statistics system, and finalization and approval of marine

resources management and co-management plans,11

will not be subject to further environmental

and social screening because they pose negligible or null environmental and social risks.

11

The impacts related to the restriction of access to marine and coastal areas and resources, and the displacement

from fishing and tourism activities of decommissioned vessels, both resulting from the implementation of the

fisheries co-management plans and the marine spatial plan exercise and their associated regulatory frameworks,

will be the subject of the Process Framework developed as a separate report.

39

Table 6.2

Overview of ESMF Process

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps

Types of Sub-

Projects to Which

Step Applies

Tools to Implement

ESMF Step


ESMF Step



ESMF Step


and Social

Screening

Aquaculture,

fisheries and



and services (see


sub-projects in

Table 6.1)

Environmental

and Social

Screening Tools

Form (Annex III)

SeyCCAT and BIF send sub-project proposals

to PIU.



and Social Screening Tools Form.


Environmental and Social Screening Tools

Form.

PIU notifies SeyCCAT and BIF when a

particular sub-project proposal is ineligible for

funding from the environmental and social

point of view after completing Exclusion List

included in Screening Tools Form.





Measures (Annex I)


and Social

Scoping

Aquaculture,

fisheries and



and services (see


sub-projects in

Table 6.1)

Environmental

and Social

Scoping Form

(Annex IV)



and Social Scoping Form.


Environmental and Social Scoping Form.

For aquaculture and fish processing sub-

projects listed in Schedule 1 of Environment

Protection (Impact Assessment) Regulations of

1996, PIU requests MEECC to prepare TOR

for ESIA, as required by Regulations. Once

available, PIU sends TOR to, as applicable,

SeyCCAT or BIF.

For medium risk sub-projects, PIU prepares

TORs for Contractor’s Site-Specific ESMP and

Site-Specific HSMP. For low-risk sub-projects,

PIU prepares list of applicable mitigation

measures.

PIU notifies SeyCCAT and BIF of

environmental and social analysis required for

TOR for ESIA (Annex V).

TOR for Contractor’s Site-

Specific ESMP and Site-

Specific HSMP (Annex VI).





Measures (Annex I).

ESHS Technical

Specifications for

Construction (Annex X).

40

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps

Types of Sub-

Projects to Which

Step Applies

Tools to Implement

ESMF Step


ESMF Step



ESMF Step

each sub-project proposal, attaching completed

Environmental and Social Scoping Form and,

as applicable, TORs for studies required. In

addition, for low risk sub-projects, PIU sends

list of pertinent mitigation measures to

SeyCCAT and BIF.


Environmental

and Social

Studies

Aquaculture and


projects listed in

Schedule 1 of

Environment

Protection (Impact

Assessment)

Regulations of 1996

MEECC reviews ESIA and makes a

determination as to whether or not to issue an

Environmental Authorization for

implementation of sub-project.


Specialist/Consultant plays a supporting role in

review of ESIAs, providing comments to

MEECC on quality and completeness of each

ESIA.

Due Diligence Checklist for

ESIA Report (Annex VII).

Bidding and

Contract

Negotiation

Incorporation

of

Environmental

and Social

Sustainability

into sub-

projects

Procurement

Process

Aquaculture and


projects listed in

Schedule 1 of

Environment

Protection (Impact

Assessment)

Regulations of

1996.

Moderate risk sub-

projects.

ESHS Criteria for

Evaluation of Bid

Proposals (Annex

VIII).

ESHS Conditions

of Particular

Application

(Annex IX).

ESHS Technical

Specifications for

Construction

(Annex X).


Criteria for Evaluation of Bid Proposals for

inclusion in their bid evaluation documents.

Based on negotiations with SeyCCAT and BIF,


Specialist/Consultant may participate in

technical committees for evaluation of bid

proposals.


Conditions of Particular Application and ESHS

Technical Specifications for Construction for

inclusion in works contracts.

Sub-Project

Implementation

Environmental

and Social

Compliance

Oversight

Aquaculture and


projects listed in

Schedule 1 of

Environment

Protection (Impact

Assessment)

Regulations of

1996.

Environmental

and Social

Compliance

Report (Annex

XI).


Specialist/Consultant conducts site visits to

evaluate environmental and social performance

of sub-projects using Environmental and Social

Compliance Report. These site visits may be

coordinated with inspections by MEECC staff.

PIU sends a copy of completed Environmental

and Social Compliance Report to pertinent

Contractor and Supervising Engineer, as well as,

41

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps

Types of Sub-

Projects to Which

Step Applies

Tools to Implement

ESMF Step


ESMF Step



ESMF Step

Moderate risk sub-

projects.

as applicable, SeyCCAT or BIF.

In instances of serious and pervasive

noncompliances with environmental and social

requirements, PIU Environmental and Social

Specialist/Consultant coordinates with

Supervising Engineer, SeyCCAT, BIF, MEECC

and/or any other pertinent authority to bring


KEY: BIF: Development Bank of Seychelles’ Blue Investment Fund .ESHS: Environmental, Social, Health and Safety. ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment. ESMP: Environmental and Social Management Plan. HSMP: Health and Safety Management Plan. MEECC: Ministry of Environment, Energy

and Climate Change. PIU: Project Implementation Unit at Ministry of Finance, Trade and Economic Planning. SeyCCAT: Seychelles Conservation and Climate

Adaptation Trust. TOR: Terms of Reference.

42

The Environmental and Social Screening Tools Form (see Annex III) will serve to implement

this step. The tools comprise the Exclusion List and, as applicable depending on the nature of the

sub-project proposal, the Screening Checklist for Potential Adverse Impacts and Risks of

Aquaculture Sub-Projects or the Screening Checklist for Potential Adverse Impacts and Risks of

Fisheries and Fisheries-Associated Processing Facilities and Services Sub-Projects. In addition,

the Environmental and Social Screening Tools Form includes a summary of the proposed sub-

project.

The Exclusion List will identify sub-project proposals that are not eligible to receive funding

from the SWIOFish3 Project because they involve unauthorized activities or pose significant

negative environmental or social impacts and risks, such as, among others, significant

socioeconomic impacts involving involuntary resettlement and significant conversion or

degradation of critical natural habitats. Therefore, these sub-projects will be excluded from

further funding consideration by the Project.

The information collected through the Screening Checklists will serve as the basis for the initial

identification of potential environmental and social impacts and risks of sub-project proposals,

which will become in turn an essential input for the environmental and social scoping of

proposals, which constitutes the next step of the environmental and social management

framework.

The Environmental and Social Specialist at the PIU or, if applicable, a Consultant hired by the

PIU, will complete the Environmental and Social Screening Tools Form. The PIU Project

Coordinator will give final approval to the completed form. Once completed, the Environmental

and Social Screening Tools Form will be an attachment to the sub-project proposal.

6.4 Environmental and Social Scoping

Sub-project proposals found eligible from the socio-environmental standpoint to apply for

funding after undergoing screening will be subjected to environmental and social scoping. This

step involves the environmental and social categorization of proposed sub-projects and, based on

the assigned category, the determination of the type of environmental and social analysis

applicable to each proposal. This step will take place during the selection phase of both the

SeyCCAT and DBS’s BIF project cycles.


PIU, will be responsible for implementing this step, including proposing a category, conducting

the scoping and, when applicable, preparing the terms of reference (TOR) for the necessary

environmental and social analysis for each sub-project. These outcomes of the scoping step will

undergo consultation with the Environmental Assessment and Permit Section (EAPS) of the

Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change (MEECC). In the particular case of TORs

for Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs), the MEECC through the EAPS must

give its formal approval as national environmental authority. The PIU Project Coordinator must

approve all the documentation associated with the application of this step.

43

The Environmental and Social Scoping Form (see Annex IV) is the tool to apply in the

implementation of this step. It contains procedures to determine the significance of the risks

identified in the Environmental and Social Screening step for each sub-project proposal,

categorize the proposal based on its overall risk significance, and identify the environmental and

social analysis required according to the particular category of the proposal.

In completing this form, the PIU Environmental and Social Specialist or Consultant may need to

consult secondary information sources, other specialists at the MFTEP or at the other co-

implementing ministries (i.e., Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, and MEECC), and/or the

sub-project proponent. Further, it may be necessary to conduct site visits if the environmental

and social information available is insufficient or if the sub-project is likely to cause significant

negative risks.

The categorization of sub-projects is as follows:12, 13

“Low Risk: Projects that include activities with minimal or no risks of adverse social or

environmental impacts.

Moderate Risk: Projects that include activities with potential adverse social and

environmental risks and impacts, that are limited in scale, can be identified with a reasonable

12

These categories are equivalent to those used by the World Bank to classify projects from the environmental

and social standpoint. A category C project, equivalent to the low risk category, “…is likely to have minimal or

no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA [environmental assessment] action is

required for a Category C project” (World Bank, 2013, p. 2). A category B project, equivalent to the moderate

risk category, has “… potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or environmentally

important areas--including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats--are less adverse than those

of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases

mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. The scope of EA for a

Category B project may vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that of Category A EA” (Ibid). A

category A project, equivalent to the high risk category, “…is likely to have significant adverse environmental

impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or

facilities subject to physical works. EA for a Category A project examines the project's potential negative and

positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the "without

project" situation), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for

adverse impacts and improve environmental performance” (Ibid).

Beginning in early 2018, when the Bank’s new Environmental and Social Framework comes into force, this

institution will move to the following environmental and social risk classification for projects: high risk,

substantial risk, moderate risk or low risk (World Bank, 2016, p. 14).

13

Both the Environment Protection Act, 2016 (Act 18 of 2016) and the Environment Protection (Impact

Assessment) Regulations of 1996 make reference to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Class I and

the EIA Class II. The Act establishes the requirement of an environmental authorization for prescribed projects

or activities (Schedule 1 of the Regulations) and for projects or activities proposed in a protected or ecologically

sensitive area (Schedule 2 of the Regulations). The environmental authorization is granted or denied based on

the review of an EIA Class I. While both legal instruments are specific regarding the requirements with respect

to the EIA Class I, they make only general reference to the EIA Class II, without specifying the types of

projects or activities to which it applies, or establishing requirements for its structure or content. In effect,

Section 48 of the Act stipulates that an EIA Class II shall be carried out for developments, projects and

activities other than those for which an EIA Class I is required, and that the contents of an EIA Class II shall be

as specified by the pertinent Ministry. Annex XII provides an overview of the environmental assessment

process in Seychelles.

44

degree of certainty, and can be addressed through application of standard best practice,

mitigation measures and stakeholder engagement during Project implementation. […]

High Risk: Projects that include activities… with potential significant and/or irreversible

adverse social and environmental risks and impacts, or which raise significant concerns

among potentially affected communities and individuals as expressed during the stakeholder

engagement process. High Risk activities may involve significant impacts on physical,

biological, ecosystem, socioeconomic, or cultural resources” (UNDP, 2016, p. 18).

In particular reference to sub-projects involving aquaculture, and fish processing plants and

equipment, although their likely risk categorization will be moderate risk after the application of

the procedure described in this annex, they will be required to prepare an Environmental and

Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). This is so in order to comply with the requirements

established in Seychelles’ Environment Protection (Impact Assessment) Regulations of 1996,

which stipulate that projects dealing with “fish and associated products farming” (i.e., “fish

farming works and extension, aquaculture” and “fish processing plants and equipment”) must

submit an ESIA. In effect, the Regulations list these types of investments in its Schedule 1 of

“projects or activities requiring environmental authorization,” also termed “prescribed projects

and activities.” All of the types of projects listed in Schedule 1 must submit an ESIA, a review of

which serves as the basis for the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change to make

a determination as to whether or not an environmental authorization will be granted.

In case a sub-project falls under the high risk category, it will be dropped from further funding

consideration.

The environmental and social analyses required for each project category are the following:

Project Category Required Environmental and Social

Analysis

Moderate

Risk

Aquaculture and fish processing

sub-projects listed in Schedule 1 of

Environment Protection (Impact

Assessment) Regulations of 1996

Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment (see Annex V for TOR).14

All other moderate risk sub-projects Site-Specific Environmental and Social

Management Plan (see Annex VI for TOR).

Site-Specific Health and Safety


Specific socio-economic studies may be

required under the Process Framework

included as a separate report.

Low Risk List of mitigation measures (see Annexes I

and X).

14

In Section 47. (2), Seychelles’ Environment Protection Act, 2016 (Act 18 of 2016) provides general guidance

on the content of an ESIA, but does not specify regulatory requirements in terms of structure and content. The

TOR included in Annex V reflect internationally-accepted requirements for this type of study.

45

6.5 Execution of Environmental and Social Studies

For projects requiring the development of ESIAs, as established as a result of the implementation

of the Environmental and Social Scoping exercise, the execution of these studies will take place

during the preparation phase of both the SeyCCAT and DBS’s BIF project cycles.

The sub-project proponent is responsible for the preparation of the ESIA, usually by contracting

an external consultant to develop the assessment. The implementation of the ESIA must follow

the specifications of the TORs approved by the Environmental Assessment and Permit Section

(EAPS) of the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change (MEECC). The EAPS

coordinates the ESIA process to fulfill the requirements of the Environment Protection (Impact

Assessment) Regulations of 1996.

The Regulations mentioned in the previous paragraph also establish the requirement of an

environmental authorization for prescribed projects or activities (i.e., high risk projects or

activities). The basis for the decision of granting or denying an environmental authorization is a

review by the EAPS of the ESIA submitted by a sub-project proponent. In this context, high risk

sub-projects that do not receive an environmental authorization will be excluded from

consideration for funding by the SWIOFish3 Project.

In view of the Seychellois environmental regulatory framework, the PIU will play a supporting

role in the review of ESIAs.

Annex XII provides an overview of the environmental assessment process in Seychelles. Annex

XI contains a suggested checklist for use by the PIU Environmental and Social Specialist or

Consultant in conducting the due diligence of both new ESIAs and, if applicable, existing ESIAs

prepared prior to the implementation of the SWIOFish3 Project.

The implementation of Environmental and Social Management Plans developed as part of the

preparation of ESIAs will become part of the contractual obligations of contractors by

incorporating this requirement as a clause in works contracts.

In relation to the Site-Specific ESMPs and Site-Specific HSMPs required for projects classified

as moderate risk from the socio-environmental point of view, the Contractor selected in the

bidding phase of the SeyCCAT project cycle or DBS’s BIF project cycle to implement a

particular sub-project will be responsible for preparing the plans for the assigned sub-project.

The development and implementation of both plans will be part of the clauses of the works

contract for the specific sub-project.

6.6 Incorporation of Environmental and Social Sustainability into Sub-Project

Procurement Process

Within the bidding and contract negotiation phase of both the SeyCCAT and DBS’s BIF project

cycles, the ESMF introduces a series of tools aimed at including environmental and social

sustainability measures into the sub-project procurement process. In specific terms, these

instruments will ensure that selected contractors have experience and expertise in environmental

46

and social management, and that works contracts contain specific socio-environmental

provisions of mandatory implementation.

The tools are the following:

Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) Criteria for Evaluation of Bid Proposals

(Annex VIII), which will be part of the criteria used by SeyCCAT and BIF in evaluating and

selecting construction contractors for the execution of civil works associated with selected

sub-projects.

ESHS Conditions of Particular Application (see Annex IX), which will be part of works

contracts as contractual clauses.

ESHS Technical Specifications for Construction (see Annex X), which will be part of works

contracts as contractual clauses.

In addition to the above instruments, as already indicated in Section 6.5 above, the

implementation of the ESMP developed as part of the preparation of the ESIA required for a

high risk sub-project will be a clause of the corresponding works contract. Further, as also

indicated in Section 6.5, the contractor selected in the bidding phase of both SeyCCAT and BIF

project cycles to implement a particular moderate risk sub-project will be responsible for

preparing the respective Site-Specific ESMP and Site-Specific HSMP. The obligations to prepare

and implement both plans will become clauses of the respective works contract.

The PIU Environmental and Social Specialist or Consultant will ensure that the above tools are

effectively applied during the bidding and contract negotiation phase of both SeyCCAT and BIF

project cycles

6.7 Environmental and Social Compliance Oversight

The last step of the ESMP consists of the verification of compliance with the environmental and

social requirements established in works and supervision contracts, as well as in ESMPs and

HSMPs, for the execution of civil works associated with high risk and moderate risk sub-

projects. It will take place during the project implementation phase of both the SeyCCAT and

DBS’s BIF project cycles.

The instrument to apply in this step is the Environmental and Social Compliance Report (see

Annex XI). The completion of this instrument requires a site visit by the PIU Environmental and

Social Specialist or Consultant. The recommended periodicity of site visits to each sub-project is

quarterly, which may be increased or decreased based on the level of socio-environmental

performance of each sub-project.

The Environmental and Social Compliance Report contains: (i) the non-compliances identified

and impacts detected during the field visit (based on a predetermined series of questions); (ii) a

brief description of each non-compliance and impact, including the locations where impacts

occur; (iii) a summary of recommended actions to address each non-compliance and impact; and

47

(iv) the status of implementation of previously suggested actions to address non-compliances or

impacts. In addition, the report includes, as applicable, supporting documentation and

photographs as evidence of the non-compliances or impacts found. Further, the report allows the

prioritization of remedial actions to follow-up in future oversight visits, based on the seriousness

of the non-compliances and impacts detected.

6.8 Project Management and ESMF Implementation Arrangements

As explained in Chapter 2.0, SWIOFish3 will be implemented jointly by the Ministry of Finance,

Trade and Economic Planning (MFTEP), the Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture and the

Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change. The MFTEP will lead the

implementation of the project. It has the mandate, convening power and vision necessary to

oversee the preparation and implementation of the project, as well as sufficient management and

fiduciary capacity to ensure efficient coordination of project activities. The two other ministries

have the technical expertise to implement the project activities but lack the necessary workforce.

A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be embedded within the MFTEP. The PIU will be in

charge of coordinating the implementation of the project activities, and of the procurement and

the financial management of the project. The Project Coordinator, a staff of the MFTEP, will be

seconded by an Assistant financed by the project and will be in charge of the overall

coordination and management of the project. A Financial Management Specialist and a

Procurement Specialist will be designated within the existing MFTEP Project Coordinating Unit,

currently in charge of the fiduciary aspects of several World Bank-financed projects. An

Environmental and Social Specialist and a Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist will also be

designated.



Fisheries and Agriculture and the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change.

Additional focal points in other implementing entities could be appointed as required. These

focal points will be in charge of the planning, implementation and reporting of the project

activities pertaining to their agency.

In terms of the institutional arrangements for the implementation of the ESMF process, Table 6.8

specifies institutional responsibilities in relation to each step of the ESMF.

48

Table 6.8

Institutional Arrangement in ESMF Process

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps



Proponents

Environmental

Consulting

Companies


Engineers


and Social

Screening


Specialist/Consultant completes


Screening Tools Form for sub-

project proposals .



Social Screening Tools Form.


when a particular sub-project

proposal is ineligible for

funding from the environmental

and social point of view after

completing Exclusion List

included in Screening Tools

Form.

SeyCCAT and BIF

send sub-project

proposals to PIU.

SeyCCAT and BIF

drop from further

funding consideration

all sub-project

proposals classified as

ineligible for funding

from the environmental

and social point of

view by PIU.


and Social

Scoping


Specialist/Consultant completes


Scoping Form.




For aquaculture and fish

processing sub-projects listed in

Schedule 1 of Environment

Protection (Impact Assessment)

Regulations of 1996, PIU

requests MEECC to prepare

TORs for ESIAs, as required by

Regulations. Once available,

PIU sends TORs to, as


SeyCCAT and BIF

send TORs for ESIAs

for aquaculture and fish

processing sub-projects

to proponents. Once

ESIAs are completed,

SeyCCAT and BIF

include corresponding

ESMPs as contract

clauses in model

contracts that

Contractors must

fulfill.

MEECC prepares

TORs for ESIAs

for aquaculture

and fish

processing sub-

projects listed in

Schedule 1 of

Environment

Protection

(Impact

Assessment)

Regulations of

1996, and sends

TORs to PIU.

Sub-project

proponents

receive TORs

for ESIAs for

aquaculture

and fish

processing

sub-projects,

and search for

environmental

consulting

companies to

prepare

ESIAs.

49

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps



Proponents

Environmental

Consulting

Companies


Engineers

For medium risk sub-projects,

PIU prepares TORs for

Contractor’s Site-Specific

ESMP and Site-Specific HSMP.

For low-risk sub-projects, PIU

prepares list of applicable

mitigation measures.


of environmental and social

analysis required for each sub-

project proposal, attaching

completed Environmental and

Social Scoping Form and, as

applicable, TORs for studies

required. In addition, for low

risk sub-projects, PIU sends list

of pertinent mitigation measures

to SeyCCAT and BIF.

For medium risk sub-

projects, SeyCCAT and

BIF include TORs for

ESMPs Site-Specific

ESMPs and Site-

Specific HSMPs as

contract clauses in


Contractors must

fulfill.

For low risk sub-

projects, SeyCCAT and

BIF include list of

pertinent mitigation

measures as contract

clauses in model

contracts that

Contractors must

fulfill.


Environmental

and Social

Studies


Specialist/Consultant plays a

supporting role in review of

ESIAs, providing comments to

MEECC on quality and

completeness of each ESIA.

MEECC reviews

ESIA and makes

a determination

as to whether or

not to issue an

Environmental

Authorization for

implementation

Sub-project

proponents

contract

environmental

consulting

companies to

prepare

ESIAs.

Sub-project

proponents

send

completed

ESIAs to

MEECC for

evaluation.

Environmental

consulting

companies

conduct

ESIAs.

50

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps



Proponents

Environmental

Consulting

Companies


Engineers

of sub-projects.

Bidding and

Contract

Negotiation

Incorporation of

Environmental

and Social

Sustainability

into sub-

projects

Procurement

Process


BIF with ESHS Criteria for

Evaluation of Bid Proposals for

inclusion in their bid evaluation

documents.

Based on negotiations with

SeyCCAT and BIF, PIU


Specialist/Consultant may

participate in technical

committees for evaluation of bid

proposals.


BIF with ESHS Conditions of

Particular Application and


for Construction for inclusion in

works contracts.

SeyCCAT and BIF

incorporate ESHS

Criteria for Evaluation

of Bid Proposals into

their bid evaluation

documents.

SeyCCAT and BIF

incorporate ESHS

Conditions of


and ESHS Technical

Specifications for

Construction into their

works contracts.

Sub-Project

Implementation

Environmental

and Social

Compliance

Oversight


Specialist/Consultant conducts

site visits to evaluate


performance of sub-projects

using Environmental and Social

Compliance Report. These site

visits may be coordinated with

inspections by MEECC staff.

PIU sends a copy of completed


Compliance Report to pertinent

Contractor and Supervising

Engineer, as well as, as


In instances of serious and

pervasive noncompliances with


requirements, PIU



MEECC

conducts

inspections of

aquaculture and

fish processing

sub-projects.

In instances of

serious and

pervasive

noncompliances

with

environmental

Contractors are

responsible for

implementing

works in

accordance

with, as

applicable,

ESMPs, Site

Specific

ESMPs, Site

Specific

HSMPs, or list

of pertinent

mitigation

measures.

Supervising

Engineers

are

responsible

for

ensuring,

on behalf

of their

Clients,

that

Contractors

implement

works in

accordance

with, as

applicable,

ESMPs,

Site

Specific

ESMPs,

Site

51

Phases of

SeyCCAT and

BIF Project

Cycles

ESMF Steps



Proponents

Environmental

Consulting

Companies


Engineers

coordinates with Supervising

Engineer, SeyCCAT, BIF,

MEECC and/or any other

pertinent authority to bring sites

into compliance.

and social

requirements,

MEECC may

participate in

enforcement

actions.

Specific

HSMPs, or

list of

pertinent

mitigation

measures.

KEY: BIF: Development Bank of Seychelles’ Blue Investment Fund .ESHS: Environmental, Social, Health and Safety. ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. ESMP:

Environmental and Social Management Plan. HSMP: Health and Safety Management Plan. MEECC: Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change. PIU: Project Implementation Unit

at Ministry of Finance, Trade and Economic Planning. SeyCCAT: Seychelles Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust. TOR: Terms of Reference.

52

6.9 Conflict Resolution Mechanism

The Conflict Resolution Mechanism aims to manage and satisfactorily respond to the complaints

of individuals or groups of people regarding the environmental and social performance of the

Project. The Mechanism ensures that: (i) the basic rights and interests of every affected

person by poor environmental performance or social management of the project are

protected; and (ii) their concerns arising from the poor performance of the Project during the

phases of design, construction and operation activities are effectively and timely addressed.

The Conflict Resolution Mechanism for SWIOFish3 is embedded within the Project-level

Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM), which is explained in the separate report containing

the Process Framework for the Project. The next paragraphs summarize the relevant

characteristics of the GRM.

Requirements for the GRM are as follows: (i) the grievance process must not impose any cost to

those raising the grievances (i.e., the complainants); (ii) concerns arising from Project

implementation must be adequately addressed in a timely manner; and (iii) participation in the

grievance process must not preclude pursuit of legal remedies under the laws of Seychelles.

The GRM process will be managed by a Grievance Committee. The recommended make up of

the Committee is as follows: a staff member of the PIU, such as the Project Coordinator or the

Environmental and Social Specialist, and the Focal Points that the other ministries responsible

for implementing the Project (i.e., MAF and MEECC) must designate, as established in the

institutional and implementation arrangements for Project execution (see Section 2.5, Chapter

2.0). None of the members of the Committee should have a conflict of interest involving any

complaint lodged. The Committee should have female representation.

The grievance resolution process comprises four stages: (i) reception; (ii) investigation and

inquiry; (iii) response; and (iv) follow up and close out.

6.10 Budget Considerations

The budget for implementing the ESMF will be included in the regular budget of the PIU. The

main budget items will include the salary of the Environmental and Social Specialist and, if

applicable, a Consultant; expenses to conduct field oversight of implementation of sub-projects;

and office equipment and supplies.

Table 6.10 provides an illustrative budget for training and technical assistance activities related

to environmental and social management for the duration of the Project.

53

Table 6.10. Illustrative ESMF Capacity Building Budget for Five Year Period (US$)

Activity Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Total

Training

Training Needs Assessment

for PIU, MEECC, MAF and

local Environment Officers

in management of

safeguards and

environmental & social

issues

10,000 10,000

Development of training

plan and materials, training

of trainers

15,000 15,000

Training for local

Environment Officers in

ESIA, screening and

environmental & social

monitoring capacity

10,000 10,000

Training for co-

management units –

awareness of environmental

and social issues

10,000 10,000

Technical Assistance

General TA - PRA,

Communications, Conflict

Resolution, Safeguard

awareness

10,000 10,000

Specific TA – ESIA and

ESMP prep and review,

M&E

10,000 10,000

Annual Reviews of ESMF

and ESMP Performance

(decision-makers and

projects)

2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 10,000

Independent Environmental

and Social Audit of Project

Implementation

10,000 12,000 22,0000

TOTAL 97,000

54

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____. SI. 39 of 1996. Sections 15 and 40. 1996. Environment Protection (Impact Assessment)

Regulations (3rd June, 1996). Victoria: Government of Seychelles.

____. 2005. The Fisheries Policy of Seychelles.

____. 2012. Management Plan for the Artisanal and Recreational Demersal Fisheries in the

Seychelles.

____. Seychelles Sustainable Development Strategy 2012 – 2020.

____. 2013. Fisheries Bill.

____. Ministry of Environment and Energy. 2013. Seychelles’ Protected Areas Policy.

____. 2014. Zoning Proposal for the Seychelles Exclusive Economic Zone.

____. 2016. Environment Protection Act (Act 18 of 2016).

____. Undated. Draft Seychelles National Aquaculture Policy.

Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA). 2011. Lake Victoria Environmental

Management Project Phase II. Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)

for Rwanda under LVEMP II. Rwanda: REMA.

Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA). 2012. Management Plan for the Artisanal and Recreational

Demersal Fisheries in the Seychelles.

____. 2016. Draft ESIA and ESMP for the Proposed Implementation of the Seychelles

Mariculture Masterplan (MMP).

57

Seychelles Fishing Authority and UNDP-GEF Mainstreaming Biodiversity Project. 2015.

Fisheries Co-Management Plan for the Praslin/La Digue Artisanal Trap and line Fishery.

____. Seychelles Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) Initiative. 2015. Preliminary Zoning Design –

Seychelles EEZ Map Version 2.0.

Seychelles Marine Spatial Planning (SMSP). December 2015. On the Leading Edge of Marine

Conservation and Climate Adaptation.

Shal, V. 2014. Process Framework. Marine Conservation and Climate Adaptation Project

(MCCAP).

United Nations Development Program (UNDP). 2016. Social and Environmental Screening

Procedure. New York, NY: UNDP.

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). 2002. Environmental Impact Assessment

Training Resource Manual. Geneva: UNEP.

United Republic of Tanzania. Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development (MLFD). 2014a.

First South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance and Shared Growth Project –

SWIOFish. Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA) and Environmental and Social

Management Framework (ESMF). Dar es Salaam: MLFD.

____. 2014b. First South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance and Shared Growth Project

– SWIOFish. Process Framework. Dar es Salaam: MLFD.

United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2009. Environmental Guidelines

for Small-Scale Activities in Africa (EGSSAA). Chapter 6: Fisheries. Washington, DC:

USAID.

Vivid Economics. 2015a. Fisheries Recovery on the Mahé Plateau, Seychelles. Prince of Wales's

International Sustainability Unit and the Seychelles Fisheries Authority.

____. 2015b. PowerPoint Presentation on Seychelles Fisheries Transition Plan. Report

Prepared for Workshop with ISU.

Welch, D.J. and B. Kerrigan. 2015a. To support the Formulation of an Operational Fishery

Management Plan for the Plateau Fishery for Demersal Fish Resources. GOS-UNDP-GEF.

Programme Coordination Unit Biodiversity Mainstreaming Project.

____. 2015b. Mahé Plateau Demersal Trap and Line Fishery Co-Management Plan. GOS-

UNDP-GEF. Programme Coordination Unit Biodiversity Mainstreaming Project

World Bank (WB). 1999. OP 4.01, Annex B - Content of an Environmental Assessment Report

for a Category A Project. Washington, DC: WB.

58

____. 2006. Scaling Up Marine Management. The Role of Marine Protected Area. Washington,

DC: WB.

_______

. Africa Region. 2008a. Environmental and Social Management Framework for World

Bank Projects with Multiple Small-Scale Subprojects. A Toolkit. Washington, D.C.: WB.

_______

. Europe and Central Asia Region. March and April 2008b. PowerPoint Presentation in

Bishkek and Tbilisi on Safeguard Requirements and the Framework Process.

____. 2011. OP 4.12, Annex A - Involuntary Resettlement Instruments. Washington, DC: WB.

____. 2013. OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement. Washington, DC: WB.

____. 2016a. Draft Project Appraisal Document. Third South West Indian Ocean Fisheries

Governance and Shared Growth Project (SWIOFish3).

____. 2016b. Environmental and Social Framework. Setting Environmental and Social

Standards for Investment Project Financing. Washington, DC: WB.

LIST OF ANNEXES

I Potential Positive Environmental and Social Impacts of SWIOFish3 Project, and Generic

Potential Environmental and Social Impacts and Risks of Aquaculture and Fisheries Sub-

Projects, and Mitigation Measures

II Documents Containing More Detailed SWIOFish3 Project Activities and Possible

Sub-Projects

III Environmental and Social Screening Tools Form

IV Environmental and Social Scoping Form

V TOR for ESIA

VI TOR for Contractor’s Site-Specific ESMP and Site-Specific HSMP

VII Due Diligence Checklist for ESIA Report

VIII ESHS Criteria for Evaluation of Bid Proposals

IX ESHS Conditions of Particular Application

X ESHS Technical Specifications for Construction

XI Environmental and Social Compliance Report

XII EIA Process in Seychelles

ANNEX I

Potential Positive Environmental and Social Impacts of

SWIOFish3 Project, and Generic Potential Environmental

and Social Impacts and Risks of Aquaculture and Fisheries

Sub-Projects, and Mitigation Measures

ANNEX I Page 1 of 11

I. INTRODUCTION

This annex includes the following three tables: (i) potential positive environmental and social

impacts of SWIOFish3 Project; (ii) generic potential adverse impacts and risks of aquaculture

sub-projects; and (iii) generic potential adverse impacts and risks of fisheries and fisheries-

associated processing facilities and services sub-projects.


II. POTENTIAL POSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF SWIOFish3 PROJECT

PROJECT

COMPONENT POSITIVE IMPACTS

Expanded Sustainable-

Use Marine Protected

Areas

Enhanced protection and management of medium and high biodiversity areas.

Improvement of overall health of species and ecosystems in protected areas.

Improvement of overall health and safety conditions for fishers, thanks to enhanced monitoring,

control and surveillance, safety and emergency response capabilities.

Improved decision making and management of protected areas based on research, stakeholder

consultation and participation, and enhanced monitoring, control and surveillance.

Improved planning and management capability to address challenges of implementing access

controls to protected biodiversity areas.

Increased stakeholder engagement and awareness in protected area planning and management.

Improved Governance of

Priority Fisheries Improvement of overall health of fisheries sector, and increased income from sustainable fishing

methods, thanks to the reduction of unsustainable and unauthorized fishing practices, and bycatch

losses.

Improvement of overall safety conditions for fishers, thanks to enhanced monitoring, control and

surveillance, safety and emergency response capabilities.

Improved and expanded knowledge, decision making and capacity across public and private actors

for co-managing priority fisheries.

Increased stakeholder engagement and participation in priority fisheries areas planning and co-

management, and improved awareness of good fisheries management practices.

Sustainable Development

of the Blue Economy Identification of potential value-added businesses opportunities to increase economic benefits from

fisheries, and fish and fish byproduct processing.

Identification of constraints to successful fisheries business development and growth, and definition

of measures to address them.

Provision of access to financial mechanisms to take advantage of identified value-added business

opportunities.

Mitigation of impact related to limitation of access to fishing and tourist resources and areas by

providing financing opportunities and capacity building to take advantage of identified new value-

added businesses.


III. GENERIC POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND RISKS OF AQUACULTURE SUB-PROJECTS

IMPACTS AND RISKS MITIGATION MEASURES

Geology/Hydrogeology:

Interruption or disruption of surface and groundwater flows from

construction, excavation and ground clearance.

Reduced flows or lowering of water table due to abstraction,

possibly resulting in salinization.

Design to take account of local hydrological conditions (e.g., avoid crossing permanent

waterways, do not hamper drainage of surface water, avoid works in areas prone to flooding

especially during rainy season).

Limit sealed or compacted areas as much as possible, to maintain natural recharge of the water

table.

Water study prior to any abstraction, to inform a Sustainable Water Management Plan.

Disruption of coastal processes (e.g., wave, tidal and current

regime, sediment transport, flood and storm protection) due to

inadequate siting of project.

Saline intrusion into groundwater due to excessive abstraction of

groundwater during operation.

Siting and design to take account of shore configuration, currents, groundwater flows, and

existing habitats.

Design and construction of compensatory shore protection and other measures to maintain coastal

processes.

Monitoring of groundwater salinity; where necessary further mitigation may include

control/diversion structures for saltwater, installation of cut off wells, sourcing of alternative

water supply.

Pollution of groundwater from discharges and accidental

releases during construction and maintenance, and from

wastewater during operation.

See Pollution of Soils and Water below

Soils, Run-off and Flooding:

Loss, damage or disruption of soil/sediments during construction

and maintenance.

Minimization of cleared areas and soil disturbance, with revegetation as soon as feasible (with

native species).

Early installation and regular maintenance of drainage and diversion structures, silt traps, etc;

drainage outlets to discharge into vegetated areas if possible; vegetation along watercourses and

drainage lines to be retained if possible.

Retention of topsoil for restoration (including tilling and revegetation) as soon as practicable.

Careful consideration of timing of works (overall duration and seasonality).

Introduction of sediments to coastal waters or inland

watercourses, or interruption of drainage patterns, as a result of

ground clearance, earthworks and operational maintenance of

systems.

Pollution of Soils and Water:

Pollution of coastal waters or inland watercourses from

operational wastewater (e.g., nutrients, pesticides, fertilizers,

treatments), as well as from fish processing and workforce

sewage.

Reduce nutrient and chemical inputs to water, e.g., through use of biological pest control methods.

Ensure that waste and drainage water complies with discharge standards and treat accordingly.

Implementation of standard good wastewater management and disposal procedures.

Installation of sewage treatment to meet required standards; hygiene training for workforce.

Release of hazardous substances during construction or

maintenance (e.g., accidental spills and leaks) leading to soil,

surface or groundwater contamination.

Materials handling and control procedures, use of storage and containment equipment meeting

international standards.

Control of construction vehicle movements and prohibition of vehicle washing in watercourses,

and similar practices.

Emergency response plans during construction (contractors and local authorities) and operation

(local authorities).

Air Quality:

Dust and emissions from construction and maintenance

activities, could affect human health, vegetation and wildlife.

Sensitive site selection and siting of construction and processing facilities.

Use of modern equipment meeting appropriate emissions standards, and regular preventive



Odors associated with preparation facilities may have nuisance

value for nearby receptors.

maintenance.

Dust control and suppression measures, such as dampening, use of vegetation hedges.

No use of ozone depleting substances during construction.

Use of appropriate solid waste disposal facilities.

Noise and Vibration:

Noise and vibration from construction and maintenance

equipment, traffic and activities may disturb sensitive noise

receptors (human, fauna, including underwater noise impacts on

fish and marine mammals, e.g., from piling during construction).

Sensitive local route selection and siting of facilities, accompanied where necessary by noise

attenuation measures.

Use of modern, well maintained equipment fitted with abatement devices (e.g., mufflers, noise

enclosures).

Use of sensitive construction methods, e.g., “soft start” or “slow start” piling.

Strict controls of timing of activities, e.g., blasting and other high noise emissions; prohibition on

night working.

Observance of seasonal sensitivities (e.g., breeding seasons), and alteration of activity to reduce

noise levels at that time.

Resources and Waste:

Abstraction of significant volume of water from surface or

ground water sources for supply to aquaculture system may

affect supply for human communities and ecosystems.

Abstraction to take place with approval of relevant authorities at all locations.

Water study prior to any abstraction, to inform a Sustainable Water

Management Plan.

Regular preventative maintenance of all system components to ensure that water wastage is as far

as possible limited.

Promotion of water efficiency (including leak detection) and water recycling.

Inefficient waste management during construction, operation and

maintenance leading to excess consumption of materials,

generation of wastes/emissions, pollution of soils and water; in

particular, impacts of wastewater contaminated with nutrients

and chemicals.

Preparation of Waste Management Plan following the waste hierarchy, supported by staff training

Earthworks to be designed to achieve a balance between cut and fill wherever possible

Use of authorized contractors for hazardous and any other wastes which the project cannot

dispose of safely.

See Pollution of Soils and Water above

Loss, fragmentation and degradation of habitat, and severance of

animal migration routes and pathways:

Site footprint and earthworks during construction or

maintenance causing loss, degradation or fragmentation of

protected or ecologically sensitive areas (e.g., wetlands,

migration routes), and other areas of conservation interest; and

degradation following poorly managed rehabilitation.

Careful siting of all project components, with advice from biodiversity authorities/wildlife

specialists, to avoid those which are most sensitive and provide priority ecosystem services (e.g.,

mangroves for coastal aquaculture).

Wherever feasible, establishment of buffer zones around conservation areas, watercourses, and

other locations identified as ecologically sensitive and avoidance or minimization of activity

within these zones.



Impacts on habitats and species from habitat alteration and

degradation (e.g., from reduction in downstream water supply,

changes in water flow and drainage, soil erosion, pollution of

water, soils or air, introduction of invasive species).

Use of design and operational measures to maintain fish migration routes wherever possible.

Rehabilitation of cleared areas with native species, and ecosystem restoration in habitats of

conservation value, using specialist advice and input so as to maintain the integrity of the habitat,

backed up by a long-term monitoring program and corrective actions as necessary.

Where development in sensitive areas cannot be avoided, mitigation may include:

Minimization of area impacted, clear demarcation of remaining intact areas of habitat, and

prohibition of activity into those areas for any purpose; prohibit or minimize activities in vicinity

of sensitive areas, e.g., fragile coastal habitats, upstream of these intact areas of habitat.

Habitat rehabilitation and ecosystem restoration of areas no longer required to occur as soon as

possible after construction.

If loss of Critical Habitat is inevitable, development/implementation of an Offsets Programme.

See relevant sections re: control of impacts from pollution, invasive species, and induced access.

Impacts from Induced Access:

Development of aquaculture projects in previously undeveloped

areas can lead to further development, increased disturbance and

pressure on natural resources.

Careful site selection and siting of all project components, with advice from biodiversity

authorities/wildlife specialists to avoid previously undeveloped areas where possible.

Restrictions on access to all temporary access roads, and their removal after construction.

Access controls on permanent access roads.

Direct Impacts on Flora and Fauna:

Earthworks and clearance may lead to loss of plant species and

habitats of conservation interest.

Development could displace animals and disturb their habitats,

by direct disturbance during construction and operation (e.g.,

from noise, light disturbance at night, general human presence).

Degradation of native populations due to spread of diseases from

cultured species.

Careful site selection and siting of all project components, with advice from biodiversity

authorities/wildlife specialists.

Careful planning of phasing and timing of construction activities.

Demarcation and avoidance of areas of conservation interest (high value species, feeding or

breeding sites, migration routes, etc.) where possible, and wildlife rescue and translocation where

appropriate, under expert supervision.

Monitoring of diseases in cultured stock and appropriate actions to eliminate these diseases.

Also see measures under soils, run-off and flooding, pollution of soils and water, noise/vibration and

induced access above, and invasive species below.

Invasive Species

Movement of plant and workforce into areas could introduce

invasive species which adversely impact fauna, flora,

ecosystems, and crops.

Accidental release of cultured species (especially non-native

ones) may result in establishment of populations or genetic

mixing with wild populations, leading to negative impacts on

local flora and fauna.

Invasive Species Management Plan, developed and implemented in consultation with authorities,

including appropriate eradication measures for different species/groups of species.

Staff training and awareness raising in communities on potential impacts of invasive species.

Encourage use of indigenous species in aquaculture systems.

No introduction of exotic species (e.g., for culture) without comprehensive study and government

approval.

Where exotic species are cultured, monitor status of native species in surrounding area.

Where possible, clearance of invasive species during routine maintenance of water storage and

distribution systems.



Physical and Economic Displacement of People, Property, Assets

and Resources:

Development of aquaculture projects may physically displace

people, or lead to loss of assets (e.g., fishing grounds, or land) or

loss of income from other water based economic activities (e.g.,

navigation, tourism).

Changes in water flow reduction downstream of the aquaculture

development (or down-current for coastal aquaculture), causing

adverse effects on water availability or quality for other users.

Careful site selection and siting of all project components, avoid occupation of areas which are

inhabited or regarded as of high value by communities where possible.

Put in place employment plan, giving preference to employment within local communities.

Early development and sensitive implementation of resettlement planning, in accordance with

national regulations and international good practice to compensate for any losses (both physical

and economic).

Develop compensation measures for affected parties, e.g., downstream water users, fishermen,

coastal tourism.

Economic Development and Employment:

Direct employment of local population in workforce, and

stimulation of local economy through export of and demand for

goods and services to enhance livelihoods and economic activity

in local communities; potential for adverse effects if

expectations not met and community relations are not well

managed.

Development of an Employment Plan, with clear employment requirements and procedures for

the construction and operational/ maintenance workforce; fair and transparent hiring and staff

management procedures.

Transparent and culturally appropriate communication with communities regarding employment

opportunities.

Employment requirements and vocational training plan to be agreed with local institutions, so that

local people can be trained to meet the project’s needs in a timely fashion.

Development of measures to manage post-construction transition (e.g., SME development,

ongoing opportunities for the workforce in aquaculture, reskilling and alternative employment).

Procurement of local goods and services for development of

aquaculture system and workforce could deplete resources

available for local communities.

Procedures for sustainable local procurement, in consultation with local authorities and

community leaders.

Local capacity building to foster community resilience.

Monitoring of local prices; exploration of corrective measures (e.g., alternative sourcing) if

appropriate.

Cultural Heritage:

Displacement or damage to cultural heritage sites by

construction activities, harm to local setting, amenity value, etc.

due to construction

Change to intangible cultural heritage due to increased access,

and interaction with workforce.

Careful site selection and siting of all project components, taking account of community

consultation/specialist surveys.

Development of a Cultural Heritage Management Plan covering tangible and intangible (e.g.,

local traditions and practices) cultural heritage.

Implementation of a “Chance Finds” procedure during construction.

Community Health, Safety and Security:

Poor construction management practices may lead to adverse

effects on safety, human health and wellbeing.

Good construction site “housekeeping” and management procedures (including site access)

Risk assessments and emergency response planning to consider impacts on local communities

See also control of pollution under Physical Impacts heading.

Interaction between workforce and local communities may

increase occurrence of communicable diseases, including

HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Implementation of a health management system for the construction workforce, to ensure it is fit

for work and that it will not introduce disease into local communities.

Training and awareness raising for workforce and their dependents on HIV/AIDS and other STDs,

and communicable diseases including malaria; health awareness raising campaigns for

communities on similar topics.



Changes in exposure to water borne and water related diseases,

especially those associated with water dwelling disease vectors

(new areas of standing water created) or poor sanitary

conditions.

Provide information, education and communication about safe uses of water and occupational

safety.

Facilitate programs/measures to ensure appropriate sanitary and medical facilities are available.

Implement environmental management measures for vector control: e.g., monitoring for key

vectors; contact avoidance via site selection; focal insecticide and molluscicide application; other

vector control measures (e.g., changes in water levels and flow rates).

Workforce-Community Interactions:

Real or perceived disruption to normal community life, through

the physical presence of a workforce.

Adoption of a Stakeholder Engagement Plan, as a framework for early and ongoing community

consultation.

Implementation of a Grievance Procedure (see Grievance Procedure and Redress Mechanisms

guidance note).

Works procedures, defining a Code of Appropriate Conduct for all workers, including acceptable

behavior with respect to community interactions.

In-migration:

Individuals are likely to migrate into the area which may cause

conflict with resident communities, and put pressure on

resources and infrastructure.

Careful site selection and siting of all project components, after consultation with communities

and local authorities.

Preparation and implementation of an Influx/In-migration

Management Plan, in consultation with local authorities.

See also Economic Development and Employment, and Induced Access above

Labor and Working Conditions:

Poor management of occupational health and safety leading to

accidents, injuries and illnesses among workers (e.g., risks of

working close to water); mental health issues due to remote or

enclosed living.

Differences in nationality, ethnicity, religion, etc. may lead to

discrimination and harassment, and differences (perceived or

real) in working conditions between workers may lead to

resentment.

Employment practices and working conditions should conform to International Labor

Organization (ILO) Standards and national regulations.

Rest and recreational facilities and time should be provided, and rules on alcohol and drugs

defined and clearly communicated to workers.

The basis for differences in the standard of accommodation should be non-discriminatory; it

should be documented and communicated transparently to the workforce.

Clear and comprehensive health and safety reporting and grievance procedure system should be

established, and be freely available to all of the workforce.

See also Employment and Economic Development and Human Rights

Source: AfDB, 2015, pp. 119-121.


IV. GENERIC POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND RISKS OF FISHERIES AND FISHERIES-ASSOCIATED PROCESSING

FACILITIES AND SERVICES SUB-PROJECTS


Geology/Hydrogeology:

Interruption or disruption of surface and groundwater flows from

small-scale ground clearance and construction of landing,

storage or processing facilities.

Design to take account of local hydrological conditions (e.g., taking extra care near permanent

watercourses, do not hamper drainage of surface water, avoid works in areas prone to flooding

especially during rainy season).

Disruption of coastal processes (e.g., wave, tidal and current

regime, sediment transport, flood and storm protection) from

construction of landing and boat mooring facilities.

Siting and design to take account of shoreline configuration, near- shore currents, groundwater

flows, and existing habitats.

Design and construction of compensatory shore protection and other measures to maintain coastal

processes.

Monitoring of groundwater salinity; where necessary further mitigation may include

control/diversion structures for saltwater, installation of cut off wells, sourcing of alternative water

supply.

Soils, Run-off and Flooding:

Loss, damage or disruption of soil/sediments during small-scale

construction works.

Minimization of cleared areas and soil disturbance, with revegetation as soon as feasible (with

native species).

Early installation and regular maintenance of drainage and diversion structures, silt traps, etc;

drainage outlets to discharge into vegetated areas if possible; vegetation along watercourses and

drainage lines to be retained if possible.

Retention of topsoil for restoration (including tilling and revegetation) as soon as practicable.

Careful consideration of timing of works (overall duration and seasonality).

Introduction of sediments to watercourses or interruption of

drainage patterns, as a result of ground clearance and

earthworks.

Pollution of Soils and Water:

Pollution of watercourses caused by wastewater from processing

facilities, as well as small increases in sewage inputs due to

workforce during construction works.

Ensure that waste and drainage water complies with discharge standards and treat accordingly.

Implementation of standard good wastewater management and disposal procedures.

Wastewater drainage outlets to discharge into vegetated areas if possible; vegetation along

watercourses and drainage lines to be retained if possible.

Installation of sewage treatment to meet required standards; hygiene training for workforce.

Release of hazardous substances associated with

construction/maintenance activities or with transport of goods

(e.g., accidental spills and leaks), leading to soil, surface or

groundwater contamination.

Materials handling and control procedures, use of appropriate storage and containment equipment.

Control of vehicle movements and prohibition of vehicle washing in watercourses, and similar

practices.

Emergency response plans during construction (contractors and local authorities).

Air Quality:

Dust and emissions from small-scale construction activities, and

from vehicles and motorized vessels, could affect human health,

vegetation and wildlife.

Sensitive site selection, and siting of construction works and access roads.

Use of modern equipment, meeting appropriate emissions standards, and regular preventative

maintenance.

Encourage use of non-motorized vessels where appropriate; equip motorized vessels with well

maintained, modern motors.

Dust control and suppression measures, such as dampening and use of vegetation hedges.

No use of ozone depleting substances during construction or operation.

Implement appropriate solid waste disposal measures at processing sites.

Odors associated with preparation facilities may cause nuisance

to nearby receptors.



Noise and Vibration:

Noise and vibration from small-scale construction activities, and

from vehicles and motorized vessels, may disturb sensitive noise

receptors (human and fauna, including fish and marine

mammals).

Sensitive route selection for access roads, and siting of construction works and facilities,

accompanied where necessary by noise attenuation measures.

Use of modern, well maintained equipment fitted with abatement devices (e.g., mufflers, noise

enclosures).

Strict control of timing of activities (e.g., prohibition on night working where possible).

Observance of seasonal sensitivities (e.g., breeding seasons), and alteration of activity to reduce

noise levels at that time.

Resources and Waste:

Excessive or unregulated capture of a small range of target

species and accidental capture of other non-targeted species may

deplete stocks and place pressure on local food resources.

Institute measures to ensure sustainability of fisheries, through use of quotas, seasonal and

‘sensitive area’ closures, compulsory permitting etc.; encouraging sustainable traditional practices

and restricting practices allowing large and non-specific catches (e.g., trawling, use of fish poisons

or explosives); education and awareness-raising around overfishing.

Include consideration of local resource needs within planning of quotas.

Inefficient waste management during construction, operation and

maintenance leading to excess consumption of materials,

generation of wastes/emissions, pollution of soils and water.

Preparation of Waste Management Plan following the waste hierarchy, supported by training and

awareness-raising around topic of waste for workforce and for local community.

Use of authorized contractors for hazardous and any other wastes which the project cannot dispose

of safely.

Loss, fragmentation and degradation of habitat, and severance of

animal migration routes and pathways:

Small-scale construction works causing loss, degradation or

fragmentation of protected or ecologically sensitive areas (e.g.,

wetlands, migration routes), and other areas of conservation

interest.

Careful siting of all project components, with advice from biodiversity authorities/wildlife

specialists.

Wherever feasible, establishment of buffer zones around conservation areas, watercourses, and

other locations identified as ecologically sensitive, and avoidance or minimization of activity

within these zones.

Rehabilitation of cleared areas with native species, and ecosystem restoration in habitats of

conservation value, using specialist advice and input so as to maintain the integrity of the habitat,

backed up by a long-term monitoring program and corrective actions as necessary.

Where development in sensitive areas cannot be avoided, mitigation may include:

Minimization of area impacted, clear demarcation of remaining intact areas of habitat, and

prohibition of activity into those areas for any purpose; prohibit or minimize activities in the

vicinity of sensitive areas.

Habitat rehabilitation and ecosystem restoration of areas no longer required to occur as soon

as possible after construction.

If loss of Critical Habitat is inevitable, development/implementation of an Offsets

Programme.

Education of workforce and local communities as to the potential damage fisheries may cause

to ecosystems, and on methods for avoiding damage (e.g., using buoys and designated

anchoring locations).

See relevant sections re: control of impacts from pollution, invasive species, and induced access.


degradation during construction and operation (e.g., changes in

water flow and drainage, soil erosion, pollution of water, soils or

air).




degradation caused by fishing activities (e.g., anchor or net

damage to subsurface habitats).

Discourage use of destructive fishing practices, such as trawling; provide materials and training in

support of sustainable and non- destructive fishing practices.

Education and awareness-raising around potential impacts of different fishing methods on habitats

and the importance of habitat conservation.

Impacts from Induced Access:

Development of artisanal fisheries projects in remote or

undeveloped areas leading to further development, increased

disturbance and pressure on natural resources through bushmeat

hunting, logging, fire, etc.

Careful site selection, with advice from biodiversity authorities/ wildlife specialists to avoid

remote and previously inaccessible areas where possible.

Where possible, instate access controls on roads leading to project facilities (e.g., jetties,

processing facilities) in otherwise undeveloped or remote areas.

Direct Impacts on Flora and Fauna:

Small-scale ground clearance may lead to loss of plant species

and habitats of conservation interest.

Development may displace animals and disturb their habitats

(e.g., increased vessel and vehicle presence, construction of

landing areas and processing facilities).

Careful site selection and siting of project facilities, with advice from biodiversity

authorities/wildlife specialists.

Careful planning of phasing and timing of construction activities.

Demarcation and avoidance of areas of conservation interest (high value species, feeding or

breeding sites, migration routes, etc.) where possible, and wildlife rescue and translocation where

appropriate, under expert supervision.

Also see measures under soils, run-off and flooding, pollution of soils and water, noise / vibration

and induced access above, and invasive species below.

Direct mortality of target and non-target species, leading to

depletion of their populations, including involuntary capture in

lost nets.

Institute measures to ensure sustainability of fisheries, through use of quotas, seasonal and

‘sensitive area’ closures, compulsory permitting etc.; encouraging sustainable traditional practices

and restricting harmful practices (e.g., trawling, use of fish poisons or explosives); education and

awareness-raising around overfishing, sensitive species and habitats.

Invasive Species:

Movement of a workforce into the project area, or introduction

of non-native species during rehabilitation, could introduce

invasive species which adversely impact fauna, flora,

ecosystems, and crops.

Invasive Species Management Plan, which should be developed and implemented in consultation

with authorities, including appropriate eradication measures for different species/groups of

species.

Staff training and awareness-raising in communities.

No introduction of exotic species (e.g., for site rehabilitation) without specialist vetting and

government approval.

Physical and Economic Displacement of People, Property, Assets and

Resources:

Construction of associated facilities may physically displace

people, or lead to loss of assets (e.g., loss of land of agricultural

importance).

Potential for economic displacement of specific individuals or

groups with existing income from fisheries if they are excluded

from sub-projects, or of other water based economic activities

(e.g., navigation, tourism).

Careful site selection and siting of project facilities, avoiding occupation of areas which are

inhabited or regarded as having high value by communities where possible.

Early development and sensitive implementation of resettlement planning, in accordance with

national regulations and international good practice to compensate for any losses (both physical

and economic).

Put in place employment plan, giving preference to employment within local communities.

Develop detailed baseline of existing reliance on fishery resources in the project area, both within

the local community and outside of the community of focus; from this, identify specific groups

that may not benefit from the project and adopt corrective measures as required.

Develop compensation measures for affected parties (e.g., excluded fishermen).



Economic Development and Employment:

Direct employment of local population in the construction

workforce.

Stimulation of local economy through export of produce to

market, and increased demand for goods and services to enhance

livelihoods and economic activity in local communities;

potential for adverse effects if expectations not met and

community relations are not well managed.

For artisanal fisheries projects, a community-based approach is encouraged: the small construction

workforce should be sourced in the local or regional area; further skills required for fishing,

processing or maintenance activities to be included in local training programs and developed

within the community, in order to retain value within that local community.

Development of an Employment Plan, with clear employment requirements and procedures for

the construction workforce.

Transparent and culturally appropriate communication with communities regarding employment

opportunities.

Procurement of local goods and services for development of

related facilities and equipment, and for the workforce could

deplete resources available for local communities.

Procedures for sustainable local procurement, in consultation with local authorities and

community leaders.

Cultural Heritage:

Displacement or disturbance to cultural heritage sites caused by

construction or fishing activities, harm to local setting, amenity

value, etc. due to construction.

Change to intangible cultural heritage due to increased access,

and interaction with non-local workforce.

Careful site selection and siting of all project facilities, taking account of community

consultation/specialist surveys.

Development of a Cultural Heritage Management Plan covering tangible and intangible (e.g.,

local traditions and practices) cultural heritage.

Implementation of a “Chance Finds” procedure during construction.

Community Health, Safety and Security:

Poor construction management practices may lead to adverse

effects on safety, human health and wellbeing.

Good construction site “housekeeping” and management procedures (including site access).

Risk assessments and emergency response planning to consider impacts on local communities.

See also control of pollution under Physical Impacts heading.

Changes to local food availability, due to export of increased

proportion of captured fish, may lead to malnutrition.

Provision of community support and development mechanisms for subsistence

fisheries/aquaculture.

Interaction between any non-local construction workers and

local communities may increase occurrence of communicable

diseases, including HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases

(STDs).

Implementation of a health management system for the workforce, to ensure it is fit for work and

that it will not introduce disease into local communities.

Training and awareness raising for workforce and their dependents on HIV/AIDS and other STDs,

and communicable diseases including malaria; health awareness raising campaigns for

communities on similar topics.

Workforce-Community Interactions:

Real or perceived disruption to normal community life, through

the physical presence of a non-local workforce.

Adoption of a Stakeholder Engagement Plan, as a framework for early and ongoing community

consultation

Implementation of a Grievance Procedure (see Grievance Procedure and Redress Mechanisms

guidance note).

Works procedures, defining a Code of Appropriate Conduct for all workers, including acceptable

behavior with respect to community interactions.

Labor and Working Conditions:

Poor management of occupational health and safety leading to

accidents, injuries and illnesses among workers.

Differences (perceived or real) in working conditions between

workers may lead to resentment.

Construction employment practices, working conditions and workforce living conditions should

conform to International Labor Organization (ILO) Standards and national regulations.

Clear and comprehensive health and safety reporting and a grievance procedure system should be

established, and be freely available to all of the workforce.

See also Employment and Economic Development.

Source: AfDB, 2015, pp. 125-127.

ANNEX II

Documents Containing More Detailed

SWIOFish3 Project Activities and

Possible Sub-Projects

ANNEX II Page 1 of 7

Activities and Their Costs Included in Tentative Project Budget

# Activity Total

1 Expanded sustainable-use marine protected areas $ 2,447,500

1.1. Extension of sustainable-use MPA network $ 797,000

1.1.1. Research $ -

$ 100,000

Biological studies to define management standards in sustainable-use areas $ 200,000

1.1.2. Management plans

Definition of strategic governance arrangements for sustainable-use zones (national) $ 70,000

Establishment of mortality limits $ 38,500

Establishment of tourism activity limits $ 38,500

Preparation of management plans for sustainable-use areas $ 200,000

1.1.3. Legal framework

Preparation of specific regulations based on the fisheries management plans $ 60,000

Marine Spatial Planning inputs to the Fisheries Act update process $ 40,000

1.1.4. Zoning update

Consultations to revise the sustainable-use areas (MSP Phase 2) $ 50,000

1.2. Management of sustainable-use areas $ 1,650,500

1.2.1. Public sector strengthening

Equipment for Agency X (tbc) $ 25,000

Capacity-building for enforcement of sustainable-use areas $ 150,000

1.2.2. Monitoring, control and surveillance

Biological and ecological monitoring of sustainable-use areas (data collection) $ 300,000

Mahé Plateau Zone 2 on water surveillance (operational costs for sea patrols) $ 192,500

Surveillance equipment for enforcement officers (binoculars, cameras, safety equipment) $ 5,000

NEW Integration of sustainable use zones in vessel monitoring system (equipment, training, service

costs)

$ 200,000

Satellite-based radar imaging for vessel monitoring (all MSP zones) $ 250,000

NEW Fusion Centre set-up, to integrates all surveillance platforms in one software (CLS) $ 138,000

Adaptation of the legal framework for MCS (e.g. satellite-based radar, VMS) $ 50,000

1.2.3. Industrial fishing

Studies to support to the negotiation of fishing agreements $ 50,000

Meetings to support the negotiation of fishing agreements $ 20,000

Promotion of sustainable practices for the national industrial fleet $ 100,000

1.2.4. Marine tourism

Economic impact analysis of the marine charter activity (tourism) $ 100,000

Preparation of licensing framework for marine charter $ 70,000


2 Improved governance of priority fisheries $ 3,203,700

2.1. Fisheries management plans $ 1,473,200

2.1.1. Research in support of the Mahe Plateau and Praslin co-management plans

Stock assessment update, refinement of reference points, methods for estimating catch limits $ 50,000

Preparation of socio-economic impact assessments for fisheries management plans $ 70,000

NEW Fisheries independent survey of Plateau (consultancy to design survey) $ 40,000

2.1.2. Mahé plateau co-management plan implementation

NEW Capacity building for plan Steering Committee $ 15,000

NEW Honorarium for private sector members of Steering Committee $ 12,000

Updates of socio-economic data and bioeconomic model for monitoring and evaluation $ 17,500

2.1.3. Praslin co-management plan implementation

NEW Capacity building for plan Steering Committee $ 15,000

NEW Honorarium for private sector members of Steering Committee $ 12,000

2.1.4. Implementation of MCS for Mahe Plateau plan

Set up $ 20,000

Recurring costs $ 243,000

Other recurring costs $ 62,700

2.1.5. Implementation of MCS for Praslin plan

Set up $ 122,000

Recurring costs $ 162,000

2.1.6. Strengthening of Fisheries Monitoring Centre and MCS capabilities

NEW Legal framework - draft regulations for MCS protocols $ 50,000

Additional equipment for Fisheries Monitoring Centre (FMC) $ 57,000

VMS installation costs for FMC $ 85,000

VMS accessories and tools for installation and spare parts by FMC $ 60,000

Coastal patrol boat equipment (safety etc for Mahe-Maru) $ 50,000

2.1.7. Preparation / update of other fisheries management plans

2.1.7.1. Sea cucumber fishery co-management plan

Stock assessment and management advice $ 60,000

2.1.7.2. Domestic tuna fisheries co-management plan

Preparation of management plan (EZZ plan incl foreign and domestic fleet strategies, FADs) $ 150,000

2.1.7.3. Certification for Seychelles semi-industrial fishery

MSC pre-assessment of Seychelles semi-industrial longline fishery $ 20,000

Fisheries Improvement Program (FIP) for semi-industrial fisheries $ 100,000

2.2. Fleet capacity management and licensing framework $ 200,000

2.2.1. Frame survey for all fishing boats incl. commercial, recreational, sport $ 73,000

2.2.2. Design, preparation of an updated licensing framework, incl. license database and link to SIH $ 47,000

2.2.3. Update legal framework (license and permit regulations) $ 30,000


2.2.4. Preparation of a fleet capacity management plan $ 50,000

2.3. Strengthening fishers contribution to fisheries management process $ 394,500

Capacity building support to fisher associations $ 117,000

Education & awareness program (stakeholders) $ 97,500

Education & awareness program (public) $ 60,000

Liaison officer (consultant/ full-time to SFA) $ 120,000

2.4. Fisheries and marine environment statistics $ 886,000

2.4.1. Improve fisheries information system (SIH)

SFA co-financing of SIH (fees and costs for IFREMER) $ 121,000

NEW Data capture software for SIH (EIS fees) $ 25,000

NEW SIH Oracle license

NEW SIH training in France for SFA Statisticians $ 40,000

NEW Fish size data capture by SIH $ 40,000

NEW Develop longline logbook module for Observe software $ 60,000

Electronic Reporting System $ -

Design of the fisheries dashboard and the data collection strategy (artisanal fisheries) $ 70,000

2.4.2. Improve fisheries economic monitoring

Design and setting up of the satellite economic account for fisheries (ToR from Michel/Karine) $ 70,000

Technical assistance to the fisheries economic intelligence unit (FEIU) $ 130,000

FEIU operational costs $ 260,000

Training (FEIU staff, other agencies, e.g. customs) $ 70,000

2.5. Fisheries sector institutional and legal framework $ 250,000

Institutional review & sector policy note $ 40,000

Develop fisheries sector strategy $ 50,000

Review fisheries sector strategy (MTR) $ 50,000

Assessment of the current public support to the sector $ 35,000

Support to legal framework update $ 75,000

3 Sustainable development of the blue economy $ 12,732,000

3.1. Expansion of value-chains $ 955,000

Value chain and feasibility study to guide investment in fish processing & services sector $ 50,000

Capacity-building for fishers and value-chain operators $ 100,000

3.1.1. Providence fish centre

Financial feasibility study of the Providence fish center $ 75,000

Install refrigeration system & ice plant $ 260,000

Design and installation of sales platform $ 195,000

3.1.2. Label Program

NEW Label materials and design $ 45,000


NEW Label promotion at trade fairs $ 40,000

NEW Label program coordination and management $ 100,000

NEW Sustainability certification of the fishery (internationally-recognized scheme) $ 90,000

3.2. Enabling environment for the development of aquaculture $ 412,000

NEW EIA for local investment in zone 1 and land-based aquaculture $ 152,000

NEW Capacity building for local investment in zone 1 and land-based aquaculture $ 50,000

NEW Training course development for aquaculture pilot project $ 40,000

NEW Capacity building for establishing monitoring, control and surveillance division for aquaculture $ 120,000

NEW Long-term human capital development plan in support of aquaculture sector $ 50,000

3.3. Support for strategic fishery development: capture, post-harvesting and service sectors $ 820,000

Technical Assistance to Fishing Port Development Committee: project management system $ 60,000

Elaboration of a standardized project proposal economic assessment methodology $ 50,000

Training on due diligence and financial analysis for blue bonds on-lending $ 90,000

Assessment of maximum carrying capacity for investment in post-harvesting/service sectors $ 50,000

NEW Study on fishing vessel loan performance and criteria for approval $ 60,000

NEW Feasibility study on vessel refitting, decommissioning and buy-back schemes $ 70,000

NEW Policy and management for new and emerging fisheries $ 15,000

NEW Establishment of fund to support R&D on unexploited fisheries resources $ 300,000

NEW Scoping study for small-scale boat repair facilities $ 20,000

NEW Policy development for improved cold-chain management $ 40,000

NEW Installation of small ice and bait storage plant on Praslin $ 65,000

3.4. Sanitary and phytosanitary monitoring $ 545,000

Training (1 Masters and 2 PhD levels) $ 315,000

Setting-up of the monitoring program $ 30,000

Implementation of the monitoring program $ 130,000

Blueprints for the laboratory $ 70,000

3.5. Blue bonds: management costs and on-lending $ 10,000,000

Support to component 1_to be allocated $ 1,000,000

Support to component 2_to be allocated $ 1,000,000

Vessel refitting, decommissioning and buy-back scheme $ 1,350,000

Fish processing and value addition projects (R&D, technology, training - not infrastructure) $ 1,750,000

Land-based or zone 1 aquaculture enterprises $ 2,400,000

Scientific support enterprises $ 1,250,000

Logistical support enterprises $ 1,250,000

4 Project management and coordination $ 850,000

Technical assistant for project preparation $ 130,000


Total Budget (before Miscellaneous) $ 19,233,200

Miscellaneous 20%

TOTAL BUDGET 24,027,000

Tentative Green List of Investments under the Blue Bond

Investments Prerequisites Supporting

activities

Eligibility of individual

investment

1. Stock rebuilding

GoS purchase of catch limit

portion Management plan

operational and catch

limits adopted

GoS buyback of catch of

individual vessels (linked to

decommissioning)

Management plan


limits adopted

GoS purchase of catch shares Management plan


share system adopted

2. Restructuring of fishing capacity

Refitting vessels for tourism Fleet management plan

and fisheries licensing

framework operational

(phase 2 of management

plan)

Refitting feasible

Refitting vessels for longline

tuna fishing Demersal fleet

management plan and

fisheries licensing



plan)

Domestic tuna fisheries

co-management plan

operational

Sustainability of the tuna

stocks (regional

conservation

management effective)

Associated growth of the

services and processing

sector

Refitting feasible

Refitting vessels for under-

or unexploited fisheries Fleet management plan

and fisheries licensing

Refitting feasible

Safeguards studies $ 80,000

Project implementation manual $ 30,000

Economic and financial analysis $ 50,000

Financial audit $ 20,000

Procurement and financial management training $ 25,000

Operation costs, goods and office equipment $ 25,000

Technical assistant for project implementation (project manager) $ 390,000

Annual audits $ 100,000



activities


investment



plan)

Mechanism in place for

R&D of the unexploited

fisheries

Vessel decommissioning or

buyback Related fisheries

management plan


limits adopted

3. Aquaculture

Land-based production of

high value niche products

(e.g. crustaceans, sea urchins,

ornamental corals and fish)

Mariculture master plan

operational

Support services

available

Compliant with the

mariculture master

plan

Land allocated

Sea ranching of high value

products (e.g. sea cucumbers) Mariculture master plan

operational

Support services

available

Compliant with the

mariculture master

plan

Land and seabed

allocated

4. Fish processing and value addition projects

Medium to large-scale

processing and product

development, with an

emphasis on pelagic species

(e.g. tuna loins, sashimi-

grade tuna, bycatch)

Positives results from

“the value-chain and

feasibility study to guide

investments in the

processing and services

sector”

Fishing Port

Development

Committee strengthened

SWIOFish3

PPA: “Value-

chain and

feasibility study

to guide

investments in

the processing

and services

sector”

SWIOFish3

PPA:

“Technical

assistance to the

Fishing Port

Development

Committee”

Approval by the

Fishing Port

Development

Committee, if relevant

Land allocated

Small to medium-scale bio-

refineries for fish processing

by-products (e.g. oil,

collagen, amino acid, mineral

production)




investments in the


sector”

Fishing Port

Development

Committee strengthened

SWIOFish3

PPA: “value-

chain and

feasibility study

to guide

investments in

the processing

and services

sector”

SWIOFish3

PPA:

“Technical

assistance to the

Fishing Port

Development

Committee”

Approval by the

Fishing Port

Development


Land allocated



activities


investment

5. Services sector

5.1. Logistics support services

Ancillary enterprises for cold

storage and cold-chain

maintenance




investments in the


sector”

SWIOFish3

PPA: “value-

chain and

feasibility study

to guide

investments in

the processing

and services

sector”

Approval by the

Fishing Port

Development


Land allocated

Small- to medium-scale

enterprises for agencies

providing vessels services

(e.g. stevedoring, chandlery).

Focus on integration of

logistical services to include

ice, bait, and gear for the

demersal and semi-industrial

fisheries




investments in the


sector”

SWIOFish3

PPA: “value-

chain and

feasibility study

to guide

investments in

the processing

and services

sector”

Approval by the

Fishing Port

Development


Land allocated

Small- to medium-scale

enterprises for logistical

services to the aquaculture

sector, including security

services for onshore and

offshore installations

Mariculture master plan

in place

Land allocated

5.2. Scientific support services

Fisheries observer companies N/A

Environmental monitoring

consultancy firms

N/A

Fisheries science and

management consultancy

companies

N/A

Ideas for Potential Grants Made by SeyCCAT from Blue Bond Proceeds

(20%)

Research and development grants for capture fisheries development (e.g. underexploited

fisheries) (*could also be funded directly under component 3)

Capacity building for boat owners, skippers and fishers to transit to fisheries post-

harvesting, value-added or service sectors, or other economic activities

Conduct feasibility study for refitting schooners, whalers and other commercial fishing

boats for tuna longlining (align with fleet development plan and replacement of foreign

licensed vessels)

Develop and trial electronic catch reporting system

Survey to estimate sport and recreational fishery catch and effort .

ANNEX III


Screening Tools Form

ANNEX III

Page 1 of 9

MINISTRY OF FINANCE, TRADE AND ECONOMIC PLANNING

(MFTEP)

Third South West Indian Ocean Fisheries Governance and Shared Growth

Project (SWIOFish3)

Project Implementation Unit (PIU)

Environmental and Social Screening Tools Form

I. INSTRUCTIONS

All sub-project proposals submitted for funding consideration before the Seychelles

Conservation and Climate Adaptation Trust (SeyCCAT) and the Development Bank of

Seychelles’ (DBS) Blue Investment Fund (BIF) must undergo environmental and social

screening.

The environmental and social screening tools comprise the Exclusion List and, as applicable

depending on the nature of the sub-project proposal, the Screening Checklist for Potential

Adverse Impacts and Risks of Aquaculture Sub-Projects or the Screening Checklist for Potential

Adverse Impacts and Risks of Fisheries and Fisheries-Associated Processing Facilities and

Services Sub-Projects.


PIU, will complete this form. The PIU Project Coordinator will give final approval to the

completed form. Once completed, the Environmental and Social Screening Tools Form will be

an attachment to the sub-project proposal.

The information on the project summary (Section I) will be extracted from the sub-project

proposal submitted by proponents to, as applicable, SeyCCAT or BIF. If information in the sub-

project proposal is insufficient, the PIU Environmental and Social Specialist will contact the

pertinent staff at SeyCCAT or BIF and, if necessary, the sub-project proponent.

In responding to the questions on the Exclusion List (Section III) and the Screening Checklists

for Aquaculture Sub-Projects (Section IV) and Fisheries Sub-Projects (Section V), the PIU

Environmental and Social Specialist or Consultant may need to consult secondary information

sources, other specialists at the MFTEP or at the other co-implementing ministries (i.e., Ministry

of Fisheries and Agriculture, and Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change), or the

sub-project proponent.

The answers to the questions on the Exclusion List and the Screening Checklists should be based

on the inherent environmental and social risks of the sub-project, in the absence of or previous to

the application of mitigation and management measures, so as to form a clear picture of potential

risks in case mitigation measures fail or are not implemented.

ANNEX III

Page 2 of 9

Regarding the Exclusion List, a positive response to any of the questions on the list will render

the sub-project ineligible for funding by the SWIOFish3 Project because it poses significant

negative environmental or social impacts and risks, or involves unauthorized activities.

Therefore, the sub-project will be excluded from further funding consideration by the project.

The responses to, as applicable depending on the nature of the sub-project proposal, the

Screening Checklist in Section IV or the Screening Checklist in Section V, will serve as the basis

for the initial identification of potential environmental and social impacts and risks of the sub-

project proposal and, further, will provide an essential input for the environmental and social

scoping of the sub-project, which constitutes the next step of the Environmental and Social

Management Framework.

For the three tools included in Sections III to V, the PIU Environmental and Social Specialist or

Consultant will place a check mark on the appropriate box in response to all applicable

questions, leaving empty the boxes not relevant to the sub-project proposal.

II. SUB-PROJECT SUMMARY

Proponent:

Sub-Project Name:

Sub-Project Location:

Estimated Sub-Project Cost:

Sub-Project Objectives:

Brief Description of Proposed Sub-Project:

ANNEX III

Page 3 of 9

III. EXCLUSION LIST

Question Answer

Yes No

Is the subproject located within or adjacent to a protected or an ecologically sensitive

area, as defined in Schedule 2 of the Environment Protection (Impact Assessment)

Regulations of 1996?

Will the subproject cause significant conversion or degradation of critical natural

habitats, such as converting mangrove forests to aquaculture use or other land uses, or

other unsustainable cutting of mangrove forests?

Will the subproject involve unsustainable or illegal fishing activities (e.g., illegally-

sized nets, spear fishing, use of dynamite, etc.)?

Will the subproject physically block or restrict fishers’ access to the water (e.g.,

structures with walls or other shoreline obstructions or barriers that physically prevent

fishers from accessing or launching their boats using customary or longstanding paths,

roads or other rights of way)?

Will the subproject cause significant socioeconomic impacts involving involuntary

resettlement (i.e., displacement of large number of houses or building structures;

significant loss, denial or restriction of access to marine and coastal resources, land,

crops and other economic assets; or significant loss of sources of income or means of

subsistence)?

NOTE: A yes answer to any of the above questions will indicate that the proposed sub-project is

ineligible for funding under the SWIOFish3 Project.

ANNEX III

Page 4 of 9

IV. SCREENING CHECKLIST FOR POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND

RISKS OF AQUACULTURE SUB-PROJECTS

Is the sub-project likely to generate any of the following environmental or social

risks:

Answer

Yes No

Interruption or disruption of surface and groundwater flows from construction,

excavation and ground clearance?

Reduced flows or lowering of water table due to abstraction, possibly resulting in

salinization?

Disruption of coastal processes (e.g., wave, tidal and current regime, sediment

transport, flood and storm protection) due to inadequate siting of sub-project?

Saline intrusion into groundwater due to excessive abstraction of groundwater

during operation?

Pollution of groundwater from discharges and accidental releases during

construction and maintenance, and from wastewater during operation?

Loss, damage or disruption of soil/sediments during construction and

maintenance?

Introduction of sediments to coastal waters or inland watercourses, or interruption

of drainage patterns, as a result of ground clearance, earthworks and operational

maintenance of systems?

Pollution of coastal waters or inland watercourses from operational wastewater

(e.g., nutrients, pesticides, fertilizers, treatments), as well as from fish processing

and workforce sewage?

Release of hazardous substances during construction or maintenance (e.g.,

accidental spills and leaks) leading to soil, surface or groundwater contamination?

Dust and emissions from construction and maintenance activities, could affect

human health, vegetation and wildlife?

Nuisance to nearby receptors due to odors associated with preparation facilities?

Noise and vibration from construction and maintenance equipment, traffic and

activities, which may disturb sensitive noise receptors (human, fauna, including

underwater noise impacts on fish and marine mammals, e.g., from piling during

construction)?

Reduction of water availability for human communities and ecosystems due to

abstraction of significant volume of water from surface or ground water sources

for supply to aquaculture system?

Excess consumption of materials, generation of wastes/emissions, pollution of

soils and water due to inefficient waste management during construction,

operation and maintenance; in particular, impacts of wastewater contaminated

with nutrients and chemicals?

Loss, degradation or fragmentation of protected or ecologically sensitive areas

(e.g., wetlands, migration routes), and other areas of conservation interest due to

site footprint and earthworks during construction or maintenance?

ANNEX III

Page 5 of 9


risks:

Answer

Yes No

Impacts on habitats and species from habitat alteration and degradation (e.g., from

reduction in downstream water supply, changes in water flow and drainage, soil

erosion, pollution of water, soils or air, introduction of invasive species)?

Further development, increased disturbance and pressure on natural resources due

to development of aquaculture projects in previously undeveloped areas?

Loss of plant species and habitats of conservation interest due to earthworks and

clearance?

Displacement of animals and disturbance of their habitats due to direct disturbance

during construction and operation (e.g., from noise, light disturbance at night,

general human presence)?

Degradation of native populations due to spread of diseases from cultured species?

Introduction of invasive species which adversely impact fauna, flora, ecosystems,

and crops, due to movement of plant and workforce into areas?

Establishment of populations or genetic mixing with wild populations caused by

accidental release of cultured species (especially non-native ones), leading to

negative impacts on local flora and fauna?

Physical displacement of people or loss of assets (e.g., fishing grounds, or land) or

loss of income from other water-based economic activities (e.g., navigation,

tourism), due to development of aquaculture projects?

Adverse effects on water availability or quality for other users, due to water flow

reduction downstream of the aquaculture development (or down-current for

coastal aquaculture)?

Direct employment of local population in workforce?

Stimulation of local economy through export of and demand for goods and

services to enhance livelihoods and economic activity in local communities?

Reduction in resources available for local communities due to procurement of

local goods and services for development of aquaculture system and workforce?

Displacement or damage to cultural heritage sites by construction activities, harm

to local setting, amenity value, etc. due to construction?

Change to intangible cultural heritage due to increased access, and interaction with

workforce?

Adverse effects on safety, human health and wellbeing due to poor construction

management practices?

Increased occurrence of communicable diseases, including HIV/AIDS and

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) due to interaction between any non-local

construction workers and local communities?

Changes in exposure to water borne and water related diseases, especially those

associated with water dwelling disease vectors (new areas of standing water

created) or poor sanitary conditions?

Real or perceived disruption to normal community life, through the physical

presence of a workforce?

ANNEX III

Page 6 of 9


risks:

Answer

Yes No

Conflict with resident communities, and pressure on local resources and

infrastructure due to population migration into project area?

Accidents, injuries and illnesses among workers (e.g., risks of working close to

water) due to poor management of occupational health and safety; potential mental

health issues due to remote or enclosed living?

Resentment between workers due to differences (perceived or real) in working

conditions?

Discrimination and harassment due to differences in nationality, ethnicity,

religion, etc?

ANNEX III

Page 7 of 9

V. SCREENING CHECKLIST FOR POTENTIAL ADVERSE IMPACTS AND

RISKS OF FISHERIES AND FISHERIES-ASSOCIATED PROCESSING

FACILITIES AND SERVICES SUB-PROJECTS


risks:

Answer

Yes No

Interruption or disruption of surface and groundwater flows from small-scale

ground clearance and construction of landing, storage or processing facilities?

Disruption of coastal processes (e.g., wave, tidal and current regime, sediment

transport, flood and storm protection) from construction of landing and boat

mooring facilities?

Loss, damage or disruption of soil/sediments during small-scale construction

works?

Introduction of sediments to watercourses or interruption of drainage patterns, as a

result of ground clearance and earthworks?

Pollution of watercourses caused by wastewater from processing facilities, as well

as small increases in sewage inputs due to workforce during construction works?

Release of hazardous substances associated with construction/maintenance

activities or with transport of goods (e.g., accidental spills and leaks), leading to

soil, surface or groundwater contamination?

Dust and emissions from small-scale construction activities, and from vehicles and

motorized vessels, could affect human health, vegetation and wildlife?

Nuisance to nearby receptors due to odors associated with preparation facilities?

Noise and vibration from small-scale construction activities, and from vehicles and

motorized vessels, which may disturb sensitive noise receptors (human and fauna,

including fish and marine mammals)?

Excessive or unregulated capture of a small range of target species and accidental

capture of other non-targeted species may deplete stocks and place pressure on

local food resources?

Excess consumption of materials, generation of wastes/emissions, pollution of

soils and water due to inefficient waste management during construction, operation

and maintenance?

Loss, degradation or fragmentation of protected or ecologically sensitive areas

(e.g., wetlands, migration routes), and other areas of conservation interest?

Impacts on habitats and species from habitat alteration and degradation during

construction and operation (e.g., changes in water flow and drainage, soil erosion,

pollution of water, soils or air)?

Impacts on habitats and species from habitat alteration and degradation caused by

fishing activities (e.g., anchor or net damage to subsurface habitats)?

Further development, increased disturbance and pressure on natural resources

through bushmeat hunting, logging, fire, etc., caused by development of artisanal

fisheries projects in remote or undeveloped areas?

ANNEX III

Page 8 of 9


risks:

Answer

Yes No

Loss of plant species and habitats of conservation interest due to small-scale

ground clearance?

Displacement of animals and disturbance of their habitats (e.g., increased vessel

and vehicle presence, construction of landing areas and processing facilities) due

to construction activities?

Direct mortality of target and non-target species, leading to depletion of their

populations, including involuntary capture in lost nets?

Introduction of invasive species which adversely impact fauna, flora, ecosystems,

and crops, due to movement of a workforce into the project area, or introduction of

non-native species during rehabilitation?

Physical displacement of people or loss of assets (e.g., loss of land of agricultural

importance) due to construction of associated facilities?

Economic displacement of specific individuals or groups with existing income

from fisheries if they are excluded from sub-projects, or of other water based

economic activities (e.g., navigation, tourism)?

Direct employment of local population in the construction workforce?

Stimulation of local economy through export of produce to market, and increased

demand for goods and services to enhance livelihoods and economic activity in

local communities?

Reduction in resources available for local communities due to procurement of

local goods and services for development of related facilities and equipment, and

for the workforce?

Displacement or disturbance to cultural heritage sites caused by construction or

fishing activities, harm to local setting, amenity value, etc. due to construction?

Change to intangible cultural heritage due to increased access, and interaction with

non-local workforce?

Adverse effects on safety, human health and wellbeing due to poor construction

management practices?

Changes to local food availability due to export of increased proportion of

captured fish?

Increased occurrence of communicable diseases, including HIV/AIDS and

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) due to interaction between any non-local

construction workers and local communities?

Real or perceived disruption to normal community life, through the physical

presence of a non-local workforce?

Accidents, injuries and illnesses among workers due to poor management of

occupational health and safety?

Resentment between workers due to differences (perceived or real) in working

conditions?

ANNEX III

Page 9 of 9

Form prepared by:

Signature: Date:

Name (print): Job Title:

Form approved by:

Signature: Date:


ANNEX IV


Scoping Form

ANNEX IV

Page 1 of 7


(MFTEP)


Project (SWIOFish3)


Environmental and Social Scoping Form

I. INSTRUCTIONS


PIU, will complete this form. The PIU Project Coordinator will give final approval to the

completed form.

The proposed category for each sub-project, as well as the terms of reference (TOR) for the

necessary environmental and social analyses, will be subject to consultation with the

Environmental Assessment and Permit Section (EAPS) of the Ministry of Environment, Energy

and Climate Change (MEECC). In the particular case of TORs for environmental and social

impact assessments (ESIAs), the MEECC through the EAPS must give its formal approval as

national environmental authority.

The initial information necessary to fill out this form will come from, depending on the nature of

the sub-project proposal, the Screening Checklist for Potential Adverse Impacts and Risks of

Aquaculture Sub-Projects or the Screening Checklist for Potential Adverse Impacts and Risks of

Fisheries and fisheries-Associated Processing Facilities and Services Sub-Projects, both included

in Annex III. In completing this form, the PIU Environmental and Social Specialist or Consultant

may need to consult secondary information sources, other specialists at the MFTEP or at the

other co-implementing ministries (i.e., Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, and MEECC),

and/or the sub-project proponent. Further, it may be necessary to conduct site visits if the

environmental and social information available is insufficient or if the sub-project is likely to

cause significant negative risks.

This form consists of three additional sections. Section II contains a synthesis of the sub-project

characteristics extracted from the sub-project proposal. Section III provides an approach to

determining the significance of the risks identified in the Environmental and Social Screening

step of the ESMF. Risk significance is based on a combination of ratings of the impact and the

probability of each risk identified. This section provides guidance on determining the impact,

probability and significance of each risk. Based on the results of the risk significance

determination exercise, Section IV categorizes each sub-project from the environmental and

social point of view and, if applicable, identifies the type of further environmental and social

analysis required.

ANNEX IV

Page 2 of 7

II. SUB-PROJECT SUMMARY

Proponent:

Sub-Project Name:

Sub-Project Location:

Estimated Sub-Project Cost:

Sub-Project Objectives:

Brief Description of Proposed Sub-Project:

ANNEX IV

Page 3 of 7

III. DETERMINATION OF SIGNIFICANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISKS SIGNIFICANCE OF RISK

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RISK

Depending on whether the proposed sub-project is in the

aquaculture or the fisheries sector use, respectively, Section IV or

Section V of Annex III, to complete this column by copying here

all the potential risks for which the answer was YES to the

question: Is the sub-project likely to generate any of following

environmental or social risks? As indicated in Annex III, risks

should be identified in the absence of or previous to the

application of mitigation and management measures

Using Tables 1 and 2 below as guides, rate the impact and

probability of each risk identified on a scale of 1 to 5. The text on

the next page provides guidance on the definition of impact and

risk, and how to estimate a potential impact. Using Table 3 below

as a guide, rate the significance of each risk

Impact (1-5) Probability (1-5) Significance (Low,

Moderate, High)

Source: Adapted from UNDP, 2016, p. 27.

ANNEX IV

Page 4 of 7

Definition of Impact and Risk, and Estimation of Potential Impact

In order to evaluate the significance of identified environmental and social risks, as required in

the matrix on the previous page, it is necessary to estimate “… both the potential impact (e.g.,

consequences if the risk were to occur) and probability (e.g. the likelihood of the risk occurring)

for each identified risk.

The following factors need to be considered when estimating the potential impact:

Type and location: Is the Project in a high-risk sector or does it include high-risk

components? Is it located in sensitive areas (e.g. in densely populated areas, near critical

habitat, indigenous territories, protected areas, etc.)

Magnitude or intensity: could an impact result in destruction or serious impairment of a

social or environmental feature or system, or deterioration of the economic, social or cultural

well-being of a large number of people?

Manageability: will relatively uncomplicated, accepted measures suffice to avoid or mitigate

the potential impacts, or is detailed study required to understand if the impacts can be

managed and which management measures are needed?

Duration: will the adverse impacts be short-term (e.g. exist only during construction),

medium term (e.g. five years) or long-term?

Reversibility: is an impact reversible or irreversible?

Community Involvement: Absence of community involvement is an inherent risk for the

success and sustainability of any project. Have project-affected communities been consulted

in project planning and design? Will they have a substantive role to play in the Project going

forward?” (UNDP, 2016, p. 17).

Table 1

Rating “Impact” of a Risk

Score Rating Social and environmental impacts

5 Critical Significant adverse impacts on human populations and/or environment. Adverse impacts high in

magnitude and/or spatial extent (e.g. large geographic area, large number of people, transboundary

impacts, cumulative impacts) and duration (e.g. long-term, permanent and/or irreversible); areas

impacted include areas of high value and sensitivity (e.g. valuable ecosystems, critical habitats);

adverse impacts to rights, lands, resources and territories of indigenous peoples; involve significant

displacement or resettlement; generates significant quantities of greenhouse gas emissions; impacts

may give rise to significant social conflict

4 Severe Adverse impacts on people and/or environment of medium to large magnitude, spatial extent and

duration more limited than critical (e.g. predictable, mostly temporary, reversible). The potential risk

impacts of projects that may affect the human rights, lands, natural resources, territories, and

traditional livelihoods of indigenous peoples are to be considered at a minimum potentially severe.

3 Moderate Impacts of low magnitude, limited in scale (site-specific) and duration (temporary), can be avoided,

managed and/or mitigated with relatively uncomplicated accepted measures

2 Minor Very limited impacts in terms of magnitude (e.g. small affected area, very low number of people

affected) and duration (short), may be easily avoided, managed, mitigated

1 Negligible Negligible or no adverse impacts on communities, individuals, and/or environment

Source: UNDP, 2016, p. 17.

ANNEX IV

Page 5 of 7

Table 2

Rating “Probability” of a Risk

Score Rating

5 Expected

4 Highly Likely

3 Moderately likely

2 Not Likely

1 Slight

Source: adapted from UNDP, 2016, p. 17.

Table 3

Determining “Significance” of a Risk

Source: UNDP, 2016, p. 17

ANNEX IV

Page 6 of 7

IV. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION OF SUB-PROJECTS

The overall environmental and social category of a given sub-project proposal will be the same

as that of the risk with the highest level of significance, as determined using the matrix provided

in the previous section. In this sense, sub-projects will be categorized as “high risk”, “moderate

risk” or “low risk” as follows:

“Low Risk: Projects that include activities with minimal or no risks of adverse social or

environmental impacts.

Moderate Risk: Projects that include activities with potential adverse social and

environmental risks and impacts, that are limited in scale, can be identified with a reasonable

degree of certainty, and can be addressed through application of standard best practice,

mitigation measures and stakeholder engagement during Project implementation. […]

High Risk: Projects that include activities… with potential significant and/or irreversible

adverse social and environmental risks and impacts, or which raise significant concerns

among potentially affected communities and individuals as expressed during the stakeholder

engagement process. High Risk activities may involve significant impacts on physical,

biological, ecosystem, socioeconomic, or cultural resources” (UNDP, 2016, p. 18).

In particular reference to sub-projects involving aquaculture, and fish processing plants and

equipment, although their likely risk categorization will be moderate risk after the application of

the procedure described in this annex, they will be required to prepare an Environmental and

Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). This is so in order to comply with the requirements

established in Seychelles’ Environment Protection (Impact Assessment) Regulations of 1996,

which stipulate that projects dealing with “fish and associated products farming” (i.e., “fish

farming works and extension, aquaculture” and “fish processing plants and equipment”) must

submit an ESIA. In effect, the Regulations list these types of investments in its Schedule 1 of

“projects or activities requiring environmental authorization,” also termed “prescribed projects

and activities.” All of the types of projects listed in Schedule 1 must submit an ESIA, a review of

which serves as the basis for the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change to make

a determination as to whether or not an environmental authorization will be granted.

Please tick off the applicable sub-project category below, based on the implementation of the

procedure contained in this form:

High Risk: _________

Moderate Risk: ________

Low Risk: _________

In case a sub-project falls under the high risk category, it will be dropped from further funding

consideration. For sub-projects involving aquaculture, and fish processing plants and equipment,

as well as for moderate risk sub-projects, attach the terms of reference for the pertinent required

environmental and social studies specified in the last column of the table below. For low risk

sub-projects, attach a list of appropriate mitigation measures.

ANNEX IV

Page 7 of 7

Project Category Required Environmental and Social

Analysis

Moderate

Risk

Aquaculture and fish processing

sub-projects listed in Schedule 1 of

Environment Protection (Impact

Assessment) Regulations of 1996

Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment (see Annex V for TOR).

All other moderate risk sub-projects Site-Specific Environmental and Social


Site-Specific Health and Safety


Specific socio-economic studies may be

required under the process framework

included as a separate report.

Low Risk List of mitigation measures (see Annexes I

and X).

Form prepared by:

Signature: Date:


Form approved by:

Signature: Date:


ANNEX V

TOR for ESIA

ANNEX V Page 1 of 2

Illustrative Content of an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for Sub-

Projects Listed in Schedule 1 of Seychelles Environment Protection (Impact Assessment)

Regulations of 19961

1. An environmental assessment (EA) report for a Category A project focuses on the significant

environmental issues of a project. The report's scope and level of detail should be commensurate

with the project's potential impacts.

2. The EA report should include the following items (not necessarily in the order shown):

(a) Executive summary. Concisely discusses significant findings and recommended actions.

(b) Policy, legal, and administrative framework. Discusses the policy, legal, and

administrative framework within which the EA is carried out. Explains the environmental

requirements of any cofinanciers. Identifies relevant international environmental agreements

to which the country is a party.

(c) Project description. Concisely describes the proposed project and its geographic,

ecological, social, and temporal context, including any offsite investments that may be

required (e.g., dedicated pipelines, access roads, power plants, water supply, housing, and

raw material and product storage facilities). Indicates the need for any resettlement plan or

indigenous peoples development plan (see also subpara. (h)(v) below). Normally includes a

map showing the project site and the project's area of influence.

(d) Baseline data. Assesses the dimensions of the study area and describes relevant

physical, biological, and socioeconomic conditions, including any changes anticipated before

the project commences. Also takes into account current and proposed development activities

within the project area but not directly connected to the project. Data should be relevant to

decisions about project location, design, operation, or mitigatory measures. The section

indicates the accuracy, reliability, and sources of the data.

(e) Environmental impacts. Predicts and assesses the project's likely positive and negative

impacts, in quantitative terms to the extent possible. Identifies mitigation measures and any

residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated. Explores opportunities for environmental

enhancement. Identifies and estimates the extent and quality of available data, key data gaps,

and uncertainties associated with predictions, and specifies topics that do not require further

attention.

(f) Analysis of alternatives.

(g) Environmental management plan (EMP). Covers mitigation measures, monitoring, and

institutional strengthening;

(h) Appendixes

1 The source for these suggested outline and content for ESIA Reports is: WB, 1999.

ANNEX V Page 2 of 2

(i) List of EA report preparers--individuals and organizations.

(ii) References--written materials both published and unpublished, used in study

preparation. (iii) Record of interagency and consultation meetings, including

consultations for obtaining the informed views of the affected people and local

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The record specifies any means other than

consultations (e.g., surveys) that were used to obtain the views of affected groups and

local NGOs.

(iv) Tables presenting the relevant data referred to or summarized in the main text.

(v) List of associated reports (e.g., resettlement plan or indigenous peoples development

plan).

ANNEX VI

TOR for Contractor’s Site-Specific

ESMP and Site-Specific HSMP

ANNEX VI Page 1 of 5

I. INTRODUCTION

This document spells out the requirements regarding the structure and content of the Site-

Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), and the Site-Specific Health and

Safety Management Plan (HSMP)1 that must be prepared for Moderate Risk sub-projects, as

established in the ESMF for the SWIOFish3 Project.

Both Site-Specific Plans will be the Contractors’ operative documents on how to mitigate,

inspect and monitor potential environmental, social, and occupational health and safety impacts

during mobilization, construction and demobilization of Moderate Risk sub-projects. In this

sense, they are eminently practical and concrete instruments.

The next two sections detail the outline and content requirements for, respective, the Site-

Specific ESMP and the Site-Specific HSMP.

1 The source for the TORs included in this annex is Cabral, 2013, Annex X.


II. REQUIREMENTS ON SITE-SPECIFIC ESMP

1. Introduction

2. Brief description of relevant environmental and social characteristics of project site.

3. Project Description

Focus on impact-generating activities (e.g., demand of water and materials, earth

movement, etc.).

Environmental liabilities: identify and include a photographic registry of pre-existing

environmental liabilities (e.g., gully erosion areas, abandoned borrow pits,

unauthorized dumping sites, etc.) and, hence, not attributable to the implementation

of the project.

4. Potential Impacts during Mobilization, Construction and Demobilization

Apply simple rating of significance.

Quantify/qualify impacts (e.g., surface and type of vegetation to be removed, amount

and type of wastes to be generated, noise levels, etc.).

Describe impacts by chain age (linear infrastructure projects or linear components of

infrastructure projects)2 and/or identify places where specific impacts will manifest

(non-linear infrastructure projects).

5. Mitigation Plan

Specify the detailed measures to mitigate the identified impacts (also by chain age

and/or location).

Include designs for measures requiring structural solutions (e.g., gabions, etc.).

Include the schedule of implementation of mitigation measures in relation to the

general construction schedule.

Health and Safety Management Plan (detailed, see below).

Waste Management Plan (detailed).

Traffic Management Plan (detailed).

Training Program (detailed).

HIV/AIDS Awareness and Prevention Program.

Community Relations Program.

If applicable, location and technical specifications for installation and operation of

campsites, including workshops, garages, laboratories, offices, sanitary installations,

etc.

If applicable, location and technical specifications for operation of quarries and

borrow pits, and procedures for negotiation with and compensation of land owners

where they are located.


concrete batching, stone crushing, cement mixing and asphalt plants.

2 Examples of linear infrastructure projects are roads, oil and gas pipelines, and electrical transmission and

distribution lines. Examples of linear components of infrastructure projects are the mains and pipes of water and

sewage projects, and the access roads for hydroelectric projects.



temporary and permanent dump sites.

6. Inspection Plan

Inspection function: specify frequency, locations and instruments (e.g., checklists, site

reports, photo registry, etc.) to conduct site inspections.

Permitting: required environmental permits and schedule to obtain them.

7. Monitoring Plan

Specify, for each variable: frequency of measurement, locations, methods/equipment,

units/measures, quality standards, and reporting requirements and periodicity,

including establishment of trends.

8. Organization and Management

Specify organizational structure, personnel, resource and equipment requirements,

reporting requirements and periodicity, and inter-institutional communication and

coordination mechanisms.

9. Annexes

If the Contractor wishes to incorporate information beyond the indicated above, such

as the policy, institutional and regulatory framework for environmental management

in Seychelles, biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics of the area of influence

of the Project, World Bank safeguards policies, etc., that information should be

included as an annex and not in the body of the site-specific ESMP. Preferably, such

information should not be attached.

Annexes should be used, if necessary, to include detailed information on the specific

topics of the ESMP (e.g., inspection forms or checklists, design of structural

mitigation measures, photographic registry of environmental liabilities, etc.).


III. REQUIREMENTS ON SITE-SPECIFIC HSMP

1. Introduction (including objectives of the HSMP).

2. Hazard Prevention and Control

Risk assessment (including description of risk assessment method used).

Prevention, protection and control measures (based on risk assessment performed):

Personal protective equipment and clothing: safety goggles, ear plugs, work

boots, dust masks, protective clothing etc.

Health and safety, and sanitary facilities, equipment, materials and personnel:

first-aid kits and stations, health personnel, safe drinking water, sanitary facilities,

accommodations, washing facilities, domestic waste disposal, etc.

On-site safety measures and procedures to protect workers against accidents and

health risks in the performance of construction-related activities:

Site security: access, safety of visitors, separation of work and rest areas,

signage, etc.

Over-exertion, and ergonomic injuries and illnesses (repetitive motion,

manual handling, etc.).

Slips and falls (due to poor housekeeping, such as excessive waste debris,

loose construction materials, liquid spills, and uncontrolled use of electrical

cords and ropes on the ground).

Work in heights (risk of falls from elevation associated with working with

ladders, scaffolding, and partially built or demolished structures).

Struck by objects.

Confined spaces, excavations and trenches.

Electric shock and arc flash/arc blast.

Handling of raw materials (earthwork, gravel, crushed rock, sand, etc.),

handling of other materials causing dust development (such as cement),

handling of hydrated lime and other activators and additives, handling of

asphalt.

Handling of flammable materials.

Hazardous materials management.

Maintenance of vehicles and machinery.

Emergency prevention, preparedness and response.

3. Health and Safety Training Program

Provide specifics of training and instruction: topics, frequency, modalities, target

audiences, instructors, training materials, etc.

Potential topics:

Occupational safety risks and prevention.

Health risks and prevention.

Use of personal protective equipment.

Safe work procedures: general and specific.

4. Organization and Management


Organizational structure, personnel, equipment, communication and reporting

requirements, accident and incident reports, and procedures and tools to verify and

ensure compliance with occupational health and safety requirements.

5. Annexes

Annexes should be used, if necessary, to include detailed information on the specific

topics of the HSMP, such as (illustrative list):

Accident Report forms.

Dangerous Occurrence forms (near misses).

Safety Audit Forms.

Safety Check List.

Safety Rules.

List of hospitals, emergency evacuation strategy and other arrangements to treat

seriously injured staff.

List of personnel trained in first aid and their places of deployment.

List of first aid kits and locations where these will be held.

ANNEX VII

Due Diligence Checklist

for ESIA Report

ANNEX VII

Page 1 of 12

Due Diligence Checklist for ESIA Report1

Background The following tables provide one approach to reviewing the basic adequacy of the

standard of an ESIA report. These tables are not sufficient on their own to fully review

a report. It is recommended that the following steps should also be carried out:

• a check for compliance with legal or donor requirements;

• an assessment of the scientific and technical adequacy of the work; and

• a public review of the work.

This review should be able to be carried out by a person who is familiar with the environmental

impact assessment process and the requirements of any local regulations.

Instructions The review process is outlined on the flowchart on the following

page. There are four review areas, each with a series of review

categories.

For each review category, the reviewer is asked to rate the ESIA report for its performance

in addressing a list of issues. The reviewer gives each issue a rating between A and F (see

table of review criteria for details). The overall rating for a category is then determined by

the reviewer on the basis of the results of the individual ratings, weighted according to

their relative importance by the reviewer.

Some issues and categories (marked **) are essential to the overall adequacy of the ESIA report.

If they do not achieve a minimum rating of C the report should be returned to the proponent for

improvement, or, if this is not feasible, other remedial action should be taken as appropriate.

The evaluation of the overall report is determined by the reviewer, based on the ratings

of the review categories, again weighted according to their relative importance. Added to

this evaluation should be:

• a brief summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the report;

• any needs for further study;

• any impact monitoring and management required to be undertaken by the proponent

or the government; and

• any terms and conditions that should apply if approval of the proposal is granted.

1 United Nations Environment Program, 2002, pp. 370-381.

ANNEX VII

Page 2 of 12

determine whether the ESIA report meets minimum standards by

noting whether the review criteria marked ** have performed

satisfactorily (rated A, B, or C)

yes

no

determine whether the ESIA report is in broad compliance with reporting

requirements by noting whether all review areas performed satisfactorily

(rated A, B or C)

yes

no

complete information on cover sheet of review

report

skim-read ESIA report noting the layout and

content

Review area 1 description of the development, the

local environment and the baseline conditions

review each criteria, and assign each category a rating

Review area 2 identification, analysis and

assessment of impacts,

review each criteria, and assign each

category a rating

Review area 3 alternatives and

mitigation review each

criteria, and assign each

category a rating

Review area 4 communication of

results review each criteria, and assign

each category a rating

on basis of the above review, rate review area 1 as a

whole


whole


whole

on basis of the above review,

rate review area 4 as a

whole

return to

proponent for revision

return to proponent for

revision

provide a brief written summary of your assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the report as well as any needs for further study

impact monitoring and management by proponent or government

assign a rating to the report as a whole

state any terms and conditions that

should apply if the proposal is approved

ANNEX VII

Page 3 of 12

Due Diligence Checklist for ESIA Report

ESIA report title and date:

ESIA report reviewed by:

Dates of review:

Review criteria:

Rating Explanation

A generally well performed, no important tasks left incomplete

B generally satisfactory and complete, only minor omissions and

inadequacies

C just satisfactory despite omissions and/or inadequacies

D parts well attempted but must, on the whole be considered just

unsatisfactory because of omissions and/or inadequacies

E unsatisfactory, significant omissions or inadequacies

F very unsatisfactory, important task(s) poorly done or not attempted

NIA not applicable, the review topic is not applicable in the context of

the project

ANNEX VII

Page 4 of 12

Review of ESIA Report

Using the review criteria from the previous page, complete the tables on the following pages and

then answer the following questions.

1 Minimum requirements

Did all the review criteria marked ** in the ESIA review tables perform satisfactorily, i.e. rate A, B

or C?

YES NO

(If not the report should be returned to the proponent for revision.)

2 Broad compliance

Were all four review areas rated satisfactory or better ,i.e. rate A, B, or C?

YES NO

(If not the report should be returned to the proponent for revision.)

3 Overall quality

Overall rating for report A B C D E F

Provide a brief summary of the key factors which determined your overall rating. Include your

assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the report as well as any needs for further study and

impact monitoring and management by the proponent or the Government. Pay particular attention

to the adequacy of the report based on the requirements of your discipline or agency.

4 Approval terms and conditions

If ESIA acceptance of the proposal is granted on the basis of this ESIA report what terms and

conditions should govern the manner in which the activity proceeds? These can refer to

responsibilities of either the Government or the proponent.

ANNEX VII

Page 5 of 12

Review Area 1

Description of the development, the local environment and the baseline conditions

1.1 Description of the development: the purpose(s) of the development is adequately

described as well as its physical characteristics, scale and design. Quantities of

material needed during construction and operation are included and, where

appropriate, a description is given of the production processes.

1.1.1 The purposes and objectives of the development are adequately explained. rating**

1.1.2 The design, size or scale of the development, and the nature and duration of

construction and operation activities, are adequately described. Diagrams, plans,

charts and/or maps are used effectively for this purpose

rating**

1.1.3 The report adequately describes the environmental planning that went into the

design of the project to minimize negative environmental effects and capture

potential benefits.

rating**

1.1.4 Important design features, especially those for environmental planning and socio-

economic management (eg pollution control, waste management, erosion control,

handling of toxic or hazardous materials, worker services) are highlighted.

rating

1.1.5 There is an adequate indication of the physical presence or appearance of the

completed development within the receiving environment.

rating

1.1.6 The nature and quantities of material need during both the construction and

operational phases are described as well as, where appropriate, the nature of the

production processes.

rating

1.1.7 The numbers of workers involved with the project during both construction and

operation are estimated.

rating**

Overall grade for category 1.1 A B C D E F

(Note: Criteria marked ** must be rated A, B or C for the category to be satisfactory, if not, return Report to proponent for revision)

Comments

1.2 Site description: the on-site land requirements of the development are described, as well

as the duration of each land use.

1.2.1 The land area taken up by the development site is well defined and its location

clearly shown on a map.

rating**

1.2.2 The uses to which this land will be put are described and the different land use

areas demarcated.

rating

1.2.3 Where alternate plans, designs or sites are being considered each is adequately

discussed according to Criteria 1.2.1 and 1.2.2

rating



Comments

ANNEX VII

Page 6 of 12

1.3 Residuals: the types and quantities of residual and/or waste matter and energy created

are adequately estimated, the expected rate of production given, and the proposed

disposal routes to the environment identified.

1.3.1 The types and quantities of waste matter, energy and residual materials and the

rate at which these will be produced, are adequately estimated. Uncertainties are

acknowledged and ranges or confidence limits given where possible.

rating**

1.3.2 The ways in which it is proposed to handle and/or treat these wastes and

residuals is indicated, together with the routes by which they will eventually be

disposed of to the environment.

rating**



Comments

1.4 Bounding the study: appropriate boundaries to the study area and time horizon are

identified.

1.4.1 The environment expected to be affected by the development is delimited with

the aid of suitable scale map(s).

rating**

1.4.2 The affected environment is defined broadly enough to include any potentially

significant effects occurring away from the immediate project site(s). These may

be caused by, for example, the dispersion of pollutants, off-site infrastructure

requirements, traffic, etc.

rating**

1.4.3 The time horizon of the study is long enough to account for delayed effects. rating



Comments

1.5 Baseline condition: an adequate description of the affected environment as it is

currently, and as it could be expected to develop if the project were not to proceed, is

presented.

1.5.1 The important components of the affected environments are adequately identified

and described. The methods and investigation undertaken for this purpose are

disclosed and are appropriate to the size and complexity of the assessment task.

An appropriate amount of fieldwork was done. Uncertainties are indicated.

rating**

1.5.2 Existing data sources were searched and, where relevant, used. These include

local authority records and studies carried out by, or on behalf of, government

and private sector organisations.

rating

1.5.3 Local land use and development plans were consulted and other data collected as

necessary to assist in the determination of the probable future state of the

environment, in the absence of the project, taking into account natural

fluctuations and human activities.

rating



Comments

Overall evaluation of Review Area 1 A B C D E F

Comments

ANNEX VII

Page 7 of 12

Review Area 2

Identification, Analysis and Assessment of Impacts

2.1 Identification of impacts: all potentially significant impacts are identified. Key

impact are also identified and the main investigation centred on these.

2.1.1 All important issues identified in the ESIA terms of reference are included in

the report. Deviations and exclusions are adequately accounted for.

rating**

2.1.2 Direct and indirect impacts are identified using a systematic methodology (e.g.

project-specific checklists, matrices, impact networks, expert judgment, extensive

consultations). A brief description of the impact identification methods is given

along with the rationale for using them.

rating**

2.1.3 Due attention is paid to environmentally sensitive areas, to off-site, time delayed

or recurring (e.g. seasonal) impacts and to cumulative or synergistic effects with

existing and anticipated developments.

rating

2.1.4 Consideration is not limited to effects which will occur under design operating

conditions. Where appropriate, impacts which might arise from non-standard

operating conditions, or due to accidents, are also included.

rating

2.1.5 All phases of the project are considered e.g. pre-construction, construction,

operation and decommissioning.

rating**

2.1.6 Key impacts were identified and selected for more intense investigation. The

scoping methods are described and their use justified.

rating**


(Note: Criteria marked ** must be rated A, B or C for the category to be

satisfactory, if not, return Report to proponent for revision)

Comments

2.2 Analysis of impact severity: the likely impacts of the development on the

environment are analysed and described in as precise terms as possible.

2.2.1 Impacts are analysed as the deviation from baseline conditions, i.e. the difference

between environmental conditions expected if the development were not to

proceed and those expected as a consequence of it.

rating**

2.2.2 The data used to estimate the severity of impacts is sufficient for the task and

clearly described. Any gaps in the required data are indicated and accounted for.

rating**

2.2.3 The methods used to predict impact severity are described and are appropriate to

the size and importance of the projected disturbance. The assumptions and

limitations of the methods are explicitly discussed.

rating**

2.2.4 Descriptions of impact severity encompass the appropriate characteristics of

impact (e.g. magnitude, areal extent, duration, frequency, reversibility, likelihood

of occurrence).

rating

2.2.5 Where possible, estimates of impacts are recorded in measurable quantities with

ranges and/or confidence limits as appropriate. Qualitative descriptions, where

necessary, are as fully defined as possible (e.g. 'minor' means not perceptible

from more than 1OOm distance).

rating




Comments

ANNEX VII

Page 8 of 12

2.3 Assessment of impact significance: the expected significance that the projected

impacts will have for society are adequately assessed. The sources of quality

standards plus the rationale, assumptions and value judgments used in assessing

significance are fully described.

2.3.1 The significance of all impacts which will remain after mitigation are described

and clearly distinguished from impact severity.

rating**

2.3.2 The significance of impacts is assessed using appropriate national and

international quality standards where available. Explicit account is taken of the

values placed on affected environmental features locally, nationally and (where

appropriate) internationally.

rating

2.3.3 The choice of standards, assumptions and value systems used to assess

significance are justified and the existence of opposing or contrary opinions

acknowledged.

rating

2.3.4 Wherever possible, economic values are attributed to environmental costs and

benefits.

rating

2.3.5 Individuals, groups, communities and government agencies affected by the

project are clearly identified.

rating**




Comments


Comments

ANNEX VII

Page 9 of 12

Review Area 3

Alternatives and Mitigation

3.1 Alternatives: project alternatives are considered. These are outlined, the

environmental implications of each presented and the reasons for their adoption or

rejection briefly discussed.

3.1.1 Alternative sites, processes, designs and operating conditions are considered

where these are practicable and available to the developer. The main

environmental advantages and disadvantages of these are discussed and the

reasons for the final choice given.

rating**

3.1.2 Where possible, alternative construction strategies (e.g. timing, local versus

imported labour) are considered and assessed for their environmental and socio-

economic implications.

rating

3.1.3 For public sector proposals, alternative means of achieving project goals are

considered (e.g. energy efficiency investments versus dams for energy supply). If

not, the report discusses why this was not done.

rating




Comments

3.2 Scope and effectiveness of mitigation measures: all significant adverse impacts are

considered for mitigation. Evidence is presented to show that proposed impact

management measures will be appropriate and effective.

3.2.1 Concerned stakeholders (e.g individuals, groups, communities, government

agencies) have been adequately consulted and their views accounted for in the

development of mitigation measures.

rating**

3.2.2 The mitigation of all significant adverse impacts is considered. Wherever

possible, specific mitigation measures are defined in practical terms (e.g. costs,

manpower, equipment and technology needs, timing).

rating**

3.2.3 Any residual or unmitigated impact are discussed and justification offered as to

why these impacts should not or cannot be mitigated.

rating

3.2.4 It is clear to what extent the mitigation methods will be effective. Where

effectiveness is uncertain or depends on assumptions about operating

procedures, climatic conditions, etc data is introduced to justify the acceptance of

these assumptions.

rating

3.2.5 An effective environmental monitoring and management plan is presented to

deal with expected; possible but uncertain; and unforeseen impacts caused by the

project. Training needs are identified. The costs of the programme are estimated.

Developer and government responsibilities are distinguished, reporting and

review procedures are specified.

rating**




Comments

3.3 Commitment to mitigation: the project proponent clearly expresses a commitment

to, and capability of, carrying out the mitigation measures.




ANNEX VII

Page 10 of 12

Comments


Comments

ANNEX VII

Page 11 of 12

Review Area 4

Communication

4.1 Public involvement: there were genuine and adequate consultations with concerned

project stakeholders to inform them of the project and its implications and to obtain

their views on key issues to be investigated and managed. The scope and results of

the public involvement program are adequately documented in the report.




Comments

4.2 Layout: the layout of the report enables the reader to find and assimilate information

easily and quickly. External data sources are acknowledged.

4.2.1 There is an introduction briefly describing the project, the aims of the

environmental assessment and how those aims are to be achieved.

rating

4.2.2 Information is logically arranged in sections or chapters and the whereabouts of

important data is indicated in a table of contents or index. Terms of reference and

data used in the assessment are included in appendices. The study team

members are identified.

rating**

4.2.3 When data, conclusions or quality standards from external source are introduced,

the original source is acknowledged at that point in the text. A full reference in

included in a footnote or in a list of references.

rating




Comments

4.3 Presentation: care is taken in the presentation of information to make sure that it is

accessible to the non-specialist.

4.3.1 Information is comprehensible to the non-specialist. Tables, graphs and other

graphics are used as appropriate. Unnecessarily technical or obscure language is

avoided. Technical terms, acronyms and initials are defined, either when first

introduced in the text or in a glossary.

rating**

4.3.2 The report is presented as an integrated whole. Data presented in appendices is

fully discussed in the main body of the text.

rating


(Note: Criteria marked ** must be rated A, B or C for the category to be satisfactory, if not, return Report to

proponent for revision)

Comments

ANNEX VII

Page 12 of 12

4.4 Emphasis: information is presented without bias and receives the emphasis

appropriate to its importance in the context of the project.

4.4.1 Prominence and emphasis is given to all potentially significant impacts, both

adverse and beneficial, in a balanced manner.

rating**

4.2.2 The statement is unbiased and does not lobby for any particular point of view. rating


(Note: Criteria marked ** must be rated A, B or C for the category to be satisfactory, if not, return Report to

proponent for revision)

Comments

4.5 Non-technical summary: there is an adequate non-technical summary outlining the

main conclusions and how they were reached.

4.5.1 There is an adequate non-technical summary of the analysis and main findings of

the study. Technical terms, lists of data and detailed explanations of scientific

reasoning are avoided.

rating**

4.5.2 The summary is comprehensive, containing at least a brief description of the

project and the environment, an account of the main impacts and mitigation

measures to be undertaken by the developer, and a description of any remaining

or residual impacts. A brief explanation of the methods by which information

and data were obtained, and an indication of the confidence that can be placed in

them, is also included.

rating




Comments


Comments

ANNEX VIII

ESHS Criteria for

Evaluation of Bid Proposals

ANNEX VIII

Page 1 of 1

Environmental & Social Staffing and Methodology

High Risk Sub-Projects: The successful Bidder will be required to carry out the works in

accordance with the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) included in the

approved Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the project. The ESIA for the

project is included as an attachment to the bid documents.

Moderate Risk Sub-Projects: The successful Bidder will be required to carry out the works in

accordance with a Site-Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), to be

prepared by the Contractor following Contract award, which shall be approved by the Engineer.

The Site-Specific ESMP shall be prepared following the Terms of Reference that will be

provided to the successful Bidder.

The Bidder shall demonstrate in a narrative section of its Technical Offer that it can successfully

manage the environmental and social risks associated with the implementation of the proposed

works, as follows:

Describe the proposed environmental and social staffing, roles and responsibilities, and

management structure; and describe the proposed approach to managing environmental and

social impacts during implementation of this project, including a description of the mitigation

measures that will be used and international environmental and social standards that may be

applicable. The bidder shall provide enough detail to demonstrate an understanding of the critical

environmental and social issues related to the project.

Health & Safety Staffing and Methodology

High Risk Sub-Projects: The successful Bidder will be required to carry out the works in

accordance with the health and safety measures included in the Environmental and Social

Management Plan (ESMP) that is part of the approved Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment (ESIA) for the project. The ESIA for the project is included as an attachment to the

bid documents.

Moderate Risk Sub-Projects: The successful Bidder will be required to carry out the works in

accordance with a Site-Specific Health and Safety Management Plan (HSMP), to be prepared by

the Contractor following Contract award, which shall be approved by the Engineer. The Site-

Specific HSMP shall be prepared following the Terms of Reference that will be provided to the

successful Bidder.

The Bidder shall demonstrate in a narrative section of its Technical Offer that it can successfully

manage the health and safety risks related to the implementation of the works, as follows:

Describe the proposed health and safety staffing, roles and responsibilities, and management

structure; and describe the proposed approach to managing health and safety impacts during

implementation of the works, including a summary of mitigation measures that will be used and

international health and safety standards that may be applicable. Provide enough detail to

demonstrate an understanding of the critical health and safety issues related to the project.

ANNEX IX

ESHS Conditions of


ANNEX IX

Page 1 of 2

I. Sub-Clause on Safety Procedures

High Risk Sub-Projects: The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with the health and

safety measures included in the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) that is part

of the approved Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the project. The ESIA

for the project is included as an attachment to this Contract.

Moderate Risk Sub-Projects: The Contractor shall be responsible for the development and

implementation of, and compliance with, a Site-Specific Health and Safety Management Plan

(HSMP) based on the Terms of Reference provided. The Contractor shall submit the Site-

Specific HSMP to the Engineer within 45 days of the Letter of Acceptance for the approval of

the Engineer after consultation with the Employer.

The Contractor shall also implement directives issued as a result of periodic inspections to be

undertaken as part of the supervisory role required of the Engineer.

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer and Employer within 48 hours or, as soon as reasonably

possible, after the occurrence of any accident which has resulted in damage or loss of property,

disability or loss of human life, or which has or which could reasonably be foreseen to have a

material impact on the environment and shall submit to the Engineer and Employer no later than

28 days after the occurrence of such an event, a summary report thereof.

II. Sub-Clause on Protection of the Environment

S High Risk Sub-Projects: The Contractor shall be responsible for complying with the ESMP

that is part of the approved Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the project.

The ESIA for the project is included as an attachment to this Contract.

Moderate Risk Sub-Projects: The Contractor shall develop and implement a Site-Specific

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) based on the Terms of Reference provided.

The Contractor shall submit the site specific ESMP to the Engineer within 45 days of the letter of

acceptance for the approval of the Engineer after consultation with the Employer.

The Contractor shall ensure that its activities under this Contract are not likely to cause a

significant environmental, health, or safety hazard, understanding that the Contractor is not

responsible for the environmental and social impacts of the Works, to the extent that such

impacts result directly from completion of the Works as designed by the Employer.

The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all Subcontractor’s and Contractor’s

Personnel understand and operate in accordance with the principles and requirements of the

environmental and social management provisions of this Sub-Clause and that similar standards

apply to the Subcontractor’s environmental and social management system, and environmental

and social performance.

ANNEX IX

Page 2 of 2

The Contractor’s program shall demonstrate clearly the procedures and methods of working that

the Contractor and its Subcontractors will adopt to comply with the environmental and social

management requirements of this Sub-Clause.

The Contractor shall ensure the adequate disposal of construction and excavation wastes.

The Contractor shall restore the Site to original conditions or to a state as set out in the

Specifications after the completion of the Works.

III.

Sub-Clause on Health and Safety

The Contractor shall make its staff available to attend the HIV-AIDS awareness and prevention

program for the project, and shall undertake such other measures as are specified in the Contract

or instructed by the Engineer to reduce the risk of the transfer of the HIV virus between and

among the Contractor’s Personnel and the local community, to promote early diagnosis and to

assist affected individuals.

ANNEX X


for Construction

ANNEX X

Page 1 of 32

EP1 GENERAL

EP1.1 SCOPE

The general guidelines for construction set out general responsibilities to be followed for the duration of

construction stage.

EP1.2 MANDATE

This section applies to the Contractor and their employees to ensure management of the following issues is ensured.

Project personnel responsible for scheduling of construction activities also form part of this management process.

EP1.3 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

The following general requirements shall apply:

EP1.3.1 When night work is authorized by the Engineer or his Representative, the Contractor shall provide adequate

lighting where work is being executed at night and shall provide and install any additional lighting that the

Engineer may require in order to gain access to watch and supervise the Works and carry out any testing

and examination of materials.

EP1.3.2 The Contractor shall minimize the pollution of and disturbance to lands, roads and other places on and

around the Site. No trees or other vegetation shall be removed except to the extent necessary for the Works.

Vegetation removal shall be limited to within 3 m from edge of shoulder.

EP1.3.3 The Contractor shall ensure that access is provided to all properties adjacent to the Site for the duration of

the Contract.

EP1.3.4 The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions:

In connection with any rivers, streams, waterways, and drains, to prevent silting, flooding, erosion and

pollution of the water so as to adversely affect the quality or appearance or cause injury or death to

human, animal, fish or plant life.

In connection with underground water resources (including percolating water) to prevent any

interference with the supply to or abstraction from such sources and to prevent pollution, so as to

adversely affect the quality or quantity of groundwater.

EP1.3.5 The Contractor shall provide, maintain and remove on completion of construction, facilities to minimize

pollution due to the Contractor’s operations including, but not limited to, aggregate washing, concrete

mixing, grouting, etc.

EP1.3.6 The Contractor shall provide, maintain and remove on completion of construction, adequate fencing or

barriers around active zones of construction and all equipment/material staging areas, but without prejudice

to his obligations including maintenance of free access for the Employer, the Engineer, other contractors

and any other persons entitled to such access.

EP1.3.7 The Contractor shall be responsible for acquainting himself with and observing all current, applicable laws

and regulations.

ANNEX X

Page 2 of 32

EP1.3.8 The Contractor shall acquaint himself with the position of all existing services such as sewers, surface water

drains, cables for electricity, internet and telephone, telephone and lighting poles, water mains, and the like

before commencing any excavation or other work likely to affect the existing services.

EP1.3.9 The Contractor shall be held responsible for damage to existing works or services, and shall indemnify the

Employer and the Engineer against any claims in this respect (including consequential damages). The

Contractor shall be responsible for the reinstatement of the services so affected.

EP1.3.10 In all cases where such works or services are exposed, they shall be properly shored, hung up or otherwise

protected. Special care must be exercised in filling and compacting the ground under mains, cables, etc., so

to leave uncovered exposed water meters, stopcock boxes and similar items.

EP1.3.11 Notwithstanding the foregoing requirements and without reducing the Contractor’s responsibility, the

Contractor shall inform the Engineer immediately if any existing works or services are exposed, located or

damaged.

EP1.3.12 All costs that may be incurred by the Contractor as a result of programming and coordinating work to

enable any alterations to the services to be carried out and the cost of any safety precautions that shall be

deemed necessary due to the proximity of the Works to the power lines shall be at the Contractor’s

expense.

EP1.3.13 If instructed, upon completion of the contract and, after receiving approval in writing from the Engineer,

the Contractor shall take down and remove all structures forming part of his construction sites and/or

equipment/materials staging areas and shall arrange for the disconnection of the water supply, remove all

drains and culverts, backfill trenches, fill in all latrine pits, soakaways and other sewage disposal

excavations, with the exception of items and services that are required to revert to the ownership of the

Employer and shall restore the Site and all staging areas, as far as practicable, to its original condition and

leave it in a neat and tidy condition. Develop strategy for waste reuse, recycling and disposal.

ANNEX X

Page 3 of 32

EP2 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

EP2.1 SCOPE

This specification covers requirements for the handling, use and storage of fuels, lubricants and chemicals. Fuels and

lubricants have properties than can result in adverse environmental impacts if they are accidentally spilled or

improperly handled. The strategies to minimize occurrences of accidentally spillage of these substances are detailed

in this section.

EP2.2 APPLICATION

These specifications apply to all Personnel and Contractors involved in the transportation, handling, use and storage

of fuels and lubricants and chemicals during construction of the project. It also applies to all personnel who are

involved in the transportation, handling, use and clean up of potentially hazardous industrial compounds and

reagents. In addition, these specifications also apply to all personnel who are involved in the transportation,

handling, use and clean-up of potentially hazardous industrial compounds and reagents.

These specifications should be applied in concert with the following specifications:

EP2.2.1. Waste Management

EP2.2.2 Environmental Protection of Watercourses and Water bodies (including Erosion and Sediment Control

Measures)

EP2.2.3 Spill Contingency Plan

EP2.3 MANAGEMENT OF FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

Construction vehicles and equipment will require the handling and use of significant quantities of fuels and

lubricants over the course of the project. These can result in adverse environmental impacts (i.e., contamination) to

soil, groundwater and surface water if improperly handled or accidentally spilled.

EP2.3.1 In the event that refueling is to be carried out directly from mobile tanker trucks or from a truck carrying

a fuel tank. All transfer of fuel, including refueling, should be carried out in areas separated 30 m from

residential dwellings, schools and health facilities and 10 m away from the nearest watercourse, including

drains.

EP2.3.2 The following precautions will be implemented during refueling:

all containers, hoses, and nozzles are free of leaks;

all fuel nozzles have functional, automatic shutoff;

the operator can see and have access to both ends of the hose, or operators are stationed at both ends;

and

fuel remaining in the hose is returned to the mobile tanker or fuel storage facility.

EP2.3.3 Spent oils, lubricants and filters, etc. shall be collected and disposed of at an approved location.

EP2.3.4 Oil changes on the right-of-way are prohibited.

EP2.3.5 In the event that fuel storage areas are used, all fuel storage areas must be bermed and lined with an

impervious liner and, in accordance with applicable codes and regulations and shall have a volumetric

capacity of not less than the sum of:

1. The capacity of the largest fuel tank located in the containment areas; and,

2. 10% of the greater of the following:

a) the capacity of the largest fuel tank located in the containment area, or

b) the aggregate capacity of all other fuel tanks located in the containment area.

ANNEX X

Page 4 of 32

EP2.3.6 In the event that fuel transfer facilities are used, all fuel transfer facilities must be lined with an impervious

liner and bermed as necessary to contain accidental spillage in the transfer area.

EP2.3.7 In the event that fuel transfer facilities are used and if pipeline sections extend outside of the fuel storage

area, they must be clearly marked to identify the contents.

EP2.3.8 In the event that fuel storage facilities and fuel transfer facilities are used, all fuel storage and transfer

facilities shall be inspected and inventoried on a daily basis for potential leakage. Inspection reports shall

be prepared and all records retained by the Contractor.

EP2.3.9 In the event that such facilities are used, all active fuel storage and fuel transfer sites shall be inspected each

shift for the early detection of accidental spillage of hydrocarbon products.

EP2.3.10 A strategy for the reuse, recycling and/or disposal of hydrocarbon waste products shall be developed by

the Contractor of the outset of construction.

EP2.3.11 All materials management personnel shall be trained in the proper handling of fuels and lubricants.

EP2.3.12 Current and up-to-date Material Safety Data Sheets (from suppliers) shall be readily accessible at on-site

Office/Camp.

EP2.3.13 Adequate quantities and appropriate types of spill clean-up materials and equipment shall be maintained

on site or on mobile fuel trucks, and shall be readily available.

EP2.3.14 Spill clean-up kits and supplies shall be maintained and inspected by the Engineer’s Environmental

Inspector on a monthly basis to ensure that all materials are present in sufficient quantities.

EP2.3.15 Mock spill response exercises shall be conducted at the initiation of construction and every 6 months

thereafter, for the duration of construction.

EP2.3.16 Personnel shall be provided with periodic training for spill reporting, emergency response and spill clean-

up procedures.

EP2.3.17 For each incident the specified spill contingency plan shall be implemented (see EP6).

EP2.3.18 All spills must be reported to the regulatory authorities in accordance with the requirements of the spill

contingency plan (see EP6).

EP2.3.19 All spill sites shall be cleaned up using the most appropriate techniques for each specific situation.

Remediation strategies shall be reviewed with the Engineer, the Employer and regulatory authorities.

EP2.3.20 The Engineer’s Environmental Inspector shall randomly monitor fuel transfer and refueling activities to

ensure that the procedures are being properly adhered to. In addition, he shall monitor for signs of an

unreported spill and investigate the cause of the spill and take appropriate action.

EP2.4 MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS

Chemicals, reagents and industrial compounds that may be used during construction, include: liquid asphalt,

including tar and bitumen, cement, solvent cleaning compounds, and calcium for dust control. These materials have

properties that may result in adverse environmental impacts if they are spilled, improperly disposed of, or otherwise

mishandled.

The following strategies shall be implemented to minimize the potential for accidental release of industrial

compounds and reagents into the environment:

ANNEX X

Page 5 of 32

EP2.4.1 All personnel handling industrial compounds and reagents shall be properly trained.

EP2.4.2 All industrial compound and reagent storage facilities shall be inventoried and inspected by the Contractor

on a weekly basis for spillage and loss.

EP2.4.3 Current and up-to-date Material Safety Data Sheets (from suppliers) for all chemicals used on site shall be

located on site at various locations including staging areas.

EP2.4.4 All chemicals used during the construction phase shall be stored in approved containers in designated

storage areas.

EP2.4.5 Adequate quantities and appropriate types of spill clean-up materials and equipment shall be kept on site

and at each staging area at all times.

EP2.4.6 Spill clean-up kits and supplies (e.g., absorbent materials) shall be inspected by the Engineer Environmental

Inspector on a periodic basis to ensure materials are present in sufficient quantities to deal with potential

incidents involving the products described herein.

EP2.4.7 Personnel associated with the transportation, storage and use of the chemicals must be trained to respond to

incidents involving these products.

EP2.4.8 Mock spill clean-up exercises shall be conducted at the initiation of construction and every 6 months

thereafter for the duration of construction.

EP2.4.9 In the event of a spill, the specified spill contingency plan shall be implemented (refer to the Environmental

Management Plan and EP5).

EP2.4.10 All spills shall be reported to the appropriate regulatory authorities as specified by the spill contingency

plan.

EP2.4.11 All spills shall be properly contained and cleaned up in accordance with requirements of the specified

spills contingency plan. Remediation strategies shall be reviewed with the regulatory authorities as

specified.

EP2.4.12 The Engineer Environmental Inspector shall conduct regular inspections and inventories of all industrial

compound and reagent storage facilities and observe industrial compound and reagent handling practices on

a periodic basis. Operating procedures shall be adjusted to improve practices when improvements are

required.

ANNEX X

Page 6 of 32

EP3 SPECIFICATIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

EP3.1 SCOPE

These specifications cover requirements for handling and disposal of wastes generated during construction.

EP3.2 APPLICATION

These specifications apply to all Personnel and Contractors involved in the removal of materials or, otherwise

generation of waste as well as its disposal during construction. This includes: used pavement material removed as

part of the project (3.4); waste petroleum products (3.5); used engine oil filters (3.6); spent batteries (3.7); domestic

wastes (3.8); wastes generated during the disassembly of the staging areas (3.9) and other solid wastes (3.10).

These specifications should be applied together with other specifications, including the following:

EP3.2.1 Materials Management

EP3.2.2 Environmental Protection of Watercourses and Water bodies (including Erosion and Sediment Control

Measures)

EP3.2.3 Spill Contingency Plan

EP3.2.4 Grading

EP3.3 WASTE MANAGEMENT GENERAL

The following specification applies to all waste materials including scrap metal, abandoned vehicles and vehicle

parts:

EP3.3.1 All excess materials shall be managed so as to prevent their entry to water bodies and watercourses.

EP3.3.2 All stockpiles will be placed so as not to interfere with watercourses or surface drainage and shall not be

placed within 10 m of a watercourse or drain.

EP3.3.3 All waste stockpiles shall be removed within one month of initial placement.

EP3.3.4 The Contractor shall develop a strategy for the reuse, recycling and/or disposal of all waste materials

including waste hydrocarbon materials and scrap metal of all kinds at the outset of construction. The

strategy shall identify the types of materials that can be reused or recycled and shall specify the manner in

which these materials will be removed from the site. The strategy shall also specify those materials that are

to be disposed of and shall identify specific approved facilities where these materials shall be sent, and the

manner in which all such waste materials will be removed from the site.

EP3.4 USED BITUMINOUS PAVEMENT

Bituminous pavement may be removed for the laying of pipes, mains and sewer lines. Although widely used, asphalt

contains bitumen and should not be treated as inert product.

EP3.4.1 Following removal, bituminous pavement used may be stockpiled within the project area or designated

areas away from waterbodies and watercourses.

EP3.4.2 Used bituminous pavement shall not be stockpiled or otherwise stored within or in proximity to the water

table (i.e., 1 m above).

EP3.4.3 Stockpiled/used bituminous pavement should be disposed, re-used or (at the discretion of the Employer)

donated to an appropriate user within one month.

EP3.4.4 Bituminous pavement that has been removed can be re-used within the project area, for example, for

surfacing the shoulders to provide a hardened surface.

ANNEX X

Page 7 of 32

EP3.4.5 Where not required for the purposes of the project, used bituminous pavement should be properly disposed

of, or (at the discretion of the Employer) donated to local government authorities, under the agreement that

it will be used for surface uses and not be used for fill or otherwise exposed to the water table.

EP3.4.6 The Contractor shall store all used pavement materials in areas provided by him and approved by the

Engineer, for a period not to exceed one month.

EP3.4.7 Storage areas shall have a berm around the perimeter of the stockpile, using material other than that being

stored, to prevent erosion and sedimentation.

EP3.4.8 All stockpiles, waste material storage areas, etc. shall not be placed within 10 m of a river, watercourse or

drain.

EP3.5 WASTE PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Waste petroleum products, in the form of used engine oil, diesel fuel, lubricants and solvents, will be generated at

the Project site. These wastes have properties that can result in adverse environmental impacts to terrestrial and

aquatic habitat, soil and the quality of surface waters and groundwater if they are improperly managed or disposed.

This section identifies the strategies for the recycling and disposal of waste petroleum products.

No formal arrangement exists at present for disposal or recycling of used engine oil and other lubricants, and oil

filters. On the other hand, amounts to be generated are relatively small, probably not exceeding 700 liters per year

(twice yearly oil change of 7 liters by 50 vehicles).

EP3.5.1 The Contractor shall develop a strategy for the reuse recycling and/or disposal of waste petroleum products

at the outset of construction with the objective of minimizing disposal. The strategy shall apply to all

personnel who are involved in servicing vehicles, handling fuel, using fuel and handling fuel, using fuel

and handling waste materials.

EP3.5.2 To minimize the generation of waste petroleum products requiring disposal:

Best practical pollution control principles and technologies should be employed in all areas of the

project operations;

Activities generating waste petroleum products should be reviewed on a regular basis to identify and

implement further waste reduction strategies where possible; and

Waste petroleum products should be reused or recycled on-site as appropriate or transported off-site

for commercial recycling purposes or disposal.

EP3.5.3 To effectively manage the disposal of waste petroleum products:

Sorting procedures should be communicated to all personnel;

Personnel assigned to handle waste materials should be properly trained;

Used engine oil, solvents and contaminated diesel should be stored in segregated, leakproof containers

and tanks at a designated staging area in accordance with specification EP2.3.5;

Waste engine oil, solvents and contaminated diesel containers should be fully and properly labeled in

accordance with regulatory requirements;

Waste petroleum products not suitable for reuse or recycling on-site should be disposed of at an

approved facility; and

The Contractor shall inspect all waste oil transfer and storage facilities regularly to ensure procedures

are being followed and to recommend improvements as appropriate.

EP3.5.4 The Engineer Environmental Inspector shall inspect on-site waste petroleum products handling practices

and the waste oil transfer and storage facility on a weekly basis. Operating procedures should be adjusted

as opportunities are identified to further improve waste oil handling and disposal practices.

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EP3.5.5 The Contractor is required to collect all used oil and lubricants and store these in a leakproof container(s).

The Contractor will notify the Engineer of the storage location.

EP3.6 USED OIL FILTERS

A number of used engine oil filters will be generated along the Project Corridor. This section identifies the strategies

for the management and recycling of waste engine oil filters.

These specifications apply to all personnel who are involved in servicing vehicles and handling waste materials on-

site. It is recognized that servicing may be carried out at existing service stations and hence precludes the need for

on-site storage, etc.

EP3.6.1 Sorting procedures should be communicated to all personnel. Personnel assigned to handling waste

materials should be properly trained;

EP3.6.2 All oil filters should be collected and stored in segregated, leak-proof containers;

EP3.6.3 Full containers are to be stored at a designated staging area;

EP3.6.4 Any waste oil recovered on-site from used oil filters is to be managed in accordance with the strategies

contained in the Specifications listed above for EP3.3 and EP3.5.

EP3.6.5 The Engineer Environmental Inspector will inspect used engine oil filter handling practices and storage

facilities on a regular basis. Operating procedures should be adjusted to further improve used engine oil

filter handling practices as appropriate.

EP3.7 WASTE BATTERIES

Although generated in small quantities, waste batteries present a concern in terms of leakage of acid and

contaminants in the environment. Some waste batteries containing potentially hazardous components may be

generated at the Project Site. These types of batteries include lead acid batteries, rechargeable, alkaline and button

cells.

EP3.7.1 The management/storage/disposal of waste batteries shall be undertaken by all personnel consistent with the

strategy required in EP 3.3 and EP 3.5.

EP3.7.2 To effectively manage waste batteries generated at the Project Site:

Sorting procedures should be communicated to all personnel;

Personnel assigned to handle waste materials should be properly trained;

Lead acid and other batteries should be collected and stored at a designated staging area.

Waste batteries should be disposed of at an approved recycling or disposal facility;

EP3.7.3 The waste battery management strategies apply to all personnel who are involved in servicing vehicles,

equipment and handling waste batteries.

EP3.7.4 The Engineer Environmental Inspector shall inspect battery storage facilities and handling practices on a

regular basis. Operating procedures should be adjusted to further improve waste battery handling practices

as appropriate.

EP3.8 SOLID DOMESTIC WASTES

The effective management and disposal of solid, non-hazardous domestic wastes, including waste food, packaging,

office wastes, paper, etc., is essential to reduce the volumes of materials to be landfilled / incinerated. This section

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identifies strategies for the management and disposal of solid domestic wastes. The domestic waste management

strategies apply to all personnel and visitors who are involved in the generation, storage, handling, transportation or

disposal of domestic waste materials.

EP3.8.1 Solid waste reuse, recycling, sorting and disposal procedures shall apply to all personnel and shall be

undertaken consistent with the waste management strategy to be developed by the contractor as required by

EP3.3.

EP3.8.2 The Contractor shall provide sufficient numbers of waste collection receptacles to prevent littering of

construction sites and staging areas.

EP3.8.3 All combustible, non-hazardous wastes including food wastes, packaging and paper products can be

incinerated at a location approved by the Employer and the Engineer.

EP3.8.4 Measures shall be taken to ensure that hazardous wastes are segregated from, and not incinerated with, the

more routine domestic wastes, and handled according to applicable procedures.

EP3.8.5 Ash residue from the incinerator shall be removed from the site for disposal at a designated landfills;

EP3.8.6 Non-combustible domestic waste shall be properly stored in designated containers and should be

periodically removed for disposal at a designated landfill site.

EP3.8.7 The Engineer Environmental Inspector shall monitor domestic waste handling practices on a regular basis.

Operating procedures should be adjusted to further improve waste minimization and waste handling

practices as appropriate.

EP3.9 DISASSEMBLY OF CONSTRUCTION SITE

EP3.9.1 Upon completion of construction, the Contractor shall demolish wholly or in part, remove and dispose of all

buildings, foundations, structures, pipe culverts, fences and any other obstructions that have not been

approved by the Employer to remain on-site, consistent with the waste management strategy to be

developed by the Contractor as required by EP3.3.

EP3.9.2 The Contractor’s waste management strategy shall specify the manner in which buildings, structures,

fences, etc. shall be demolished, and removed from the Site for reuse by the Contractor or other recipients

approved by the Employer, or for disposal at a designated landfill site.

EP3.9.3 A specific plan for dismantling and re-using or disposing of demolition materials shall be prepared by the

Contractor and submitted to the Engineer and the Employer for approval 60 days prior to initiation of

demolition activities. This plan shall be consistent with the waste management strategy prescribed by

EP3.3. In general, the plan should provide procedures to ensure: a) minimum disturbance is caused to the

occupants of adjacent buildings and properties and the general public, due to noise, dust, water, projectiles,

equipment or other causes; and b) no damage to vehicles or property.

The plan shall also include details of:

(a) The methods to be used in operating the following generic equipment or methods:

Pneumatic concrete breaker

Coring

Electric saw

Diamond wire sawing

Diamond drilling

Hydraulic bursting

Concrete crushing

Stitch drilling

Blasting

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Cardhouse blasting

Thermic lance

“Others to be specified”

(b) The equipment to be used on site shall be listed together with any special precautions to be taken to

minimize noise, dust, damage, personal injury or other nuisance including:

The use of laminated saw blades

The use of tents and sound absorbing hoods and/or blankets

Protection against dust

Protection against projectiles

Protection against contamination and injury due to the use of chemicals, etc.

Protection of the remaining structure, finishes and personnel against water and the collection and

removal of water

The support of the part of the structure being removed and the structure to remain to prevent premature

collapse

The removal of debris from the site

(c) All concrete faces should be carefully trimmed back so as to leave a face free from sharp projections, loose

fragments or similar defects.

EP3.10 OTHER SOLID WASTES

The effective reuse, recycling and/or disposal of inert, non-hazardous solid wastes, including clean scrap steel,

concrete, timber, glass and tires, is essential to reduce the potential for liability and environmental contamination.

Both temporary and permanent disposal of construction waste materials must be considered. Due to their value as

fill or for construction, they will be in demand for these purposes, and individuals may come to construction sites to

remove them.

3.10.1 The Contractor shall identify materials to be reused and recycled and the manner in which these materials

shall be sorted and removed from the site, consistent with the waste management strategy to be developed

in accordance with EP3.3.

3.10.2 The Contractor shall identify waste materials to be disposed and shall identify the approved facility where

these materials will be sent and the manner in which they will be removed from the site, consistent with the

waste management strategy to be developed, consistent with EP3.3.

3.10.3 The waste management strategy shall specify that:

Waste sorting procedures should be communicated to all personnel.

Personnel handling solid wastes should be properly trained.

Hazardous wastes, if present, must be segregated from solid wastes;

An inventory should be maintained of the nature (type and mass) of solid waste to be disposed at a

landfill.

3.10.4 The Contractor shall consult with the Engineer and the Employer to identify suitable locations for waste

material temporary storage areas.

EP3.10.5 Timber waste products that are untreated may be used as firewood.

EP3.10.6 Structural steel waste produced from demolition of existing structures may be sold to scrap metal

merchants.

EP3.10.7 Concrete waste resulting from structural demolition may be recycled.

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EP3.10.8 The Engineer Environment Inspector will monitor solid waste handling practices on a regular basis.

Operating procedures should be adjusted to improve the efficiency of solid waste handling practices when

improvements are required.

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EP4 SPECIFICATIONS FOR PROTECTION OF WATERCOURSES AND WATER BODIES

- INCLUDING EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

EP4.1 SCOPE

These specifications cover the protection of watercourses during construction.

EP4.2 APPLICATION

These specifications apply to all Personnel and Contractors involved in the construction of the project, particularly

in proximity to watercourses or drains.

These specifications include erosion and sediment control and should be applied together with the following

specifications to provide protection of watercourses along the project corridor:

EP2 Materials Management

EP3 Waste Management

EP5 Dewatering

EP6 Spill Contingency Plan

EP8 Grading

EP4.3 PROTECTION OF WATERCOURSES AND WATERBODIES

EP4.3.1 The work shall be controlled to provide effective protection of watercourses and water bodies and

associated fish habitat.

EP4.3.2 The Contractor shall at his own expense take all necessary precautions to prevent damage due to erosion

and siltation during construction. Precautions will include temporary drainage berms, scour check dams,

riprap and the like. Waste material or stockpile material shall be dumped so as not to interfere dams with

streams, watercourses or any of the drainage works detailed by the Engineer, and shall not be planed within

10 m of a watercourse or drain.

EP4.3.3 Whenever such protection is found to be ineffective, the Contractor shall implement changes immediately

to the procedures and work practices to provide such protection.

EP4.3.4 No work shall be carried out in watercourses or waterbodies.

EP4.3.5 Construction vehicles and equipment are prohibited from entering into or crossing a watercourse or water

body.

EP4.3.6 Debris shall not be stored or disposed of within 10m of a watercourse or drain.

EP4.3.7 Construction equipment and vehicles shall be maintained in good operating order to minimize leakage.

EP4.3.8 Vehicle maintenance and refueling shall be conducted a minimum of 10 m from any watercourse.

EP4.3.9 The following procedures should be implemented prior to construction and maintained during construction,

where appropriate based on site conditions:

Retain existing vegetation where feasible by limiting clearing and grubbing operations to the

designated right-of-way and temporary workspace (not to exceed 3 m from the shoulder)

Limit the size of the disturbed area.

Limit duration of soil exposure.

Grade disturbed soils to stable grades to prevent slumping and to reduce revegetation time.

Retain existing vegetation, where feasible.

Limit slope length and gradient of disturbed areas.

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Break and redirect flows to lower gradients.

Install erosion control measures where site-specific characteristics (e.g., erodible slopes) or

sensitivities (e.g., proximity to watercourses) indicate a need for such measures.

Maintain erosion control measures until erodible areas have been stabilized.

Bench slopes, as necessary, to reduce sheet erosion where benching is deemed beneficial.

Construct barriers or temporary rock flows checks or install equivalent erosion control measures (e.g.,

sand bags, berms, silt fencing), where required, to prevent the entry of sediment laden runoff into

watercourses or drains

Where sandbag barriers are constructed they must consist of three layers. The bottom layer shall

consist of three rows of bags; the middle layer shall consist of two rows of bags; and, the top row of

one row of bags. The sandbags shall be tightly butted against one another to avoid gaps. Where

installed on the ground, the bottom layer shall be placed within a 75-mm deep trench.

Where constructed, rock flow checks dams shall consist of geotextile and two lifts of rock. A first lift

of rock (approximately 450 mm in height) shall be piled across the ditch or channel. The upstream

slope of the flow check shall be a 1.5:1 maximum and the downstream shall be 4:1 maximum. A trench

(200 mm in width and 200 mm in dept) shall be excavated across the entire length of the upstream side

of the flow check. The geotextile shall be placed 300 mm into the trench, over the first lift of rock and

up the side-slopes of the ditch or channel to the fullest extent covered by the completed flow check.

The trench shall be backfilled to existing grade to hold the geotextile firmly in place. A second lift of

rock (minimum depth of 100 mm) shall be placed over the exposed geotextile and first lift of rock to

form a spillway (150-mm minimum depth) and anchor the geotextile. Rock check dams shall be

installed and maintained in place, without gaps and/or undermining.

All waste storage piles shall have a toe berm consisting of clean fill.

Silt fences, if deemed necessary, shall be installed to provide a high level of protection in

environmentally sensitive areas and in instances where soils are exposed within 10m of a watercourse.

Sediment accumulated by erosion control measures, shall be removed in a manner that avoids escape

to the downstream side of the control measure and avoids damage to the control measure. Sediment

shall be removed to the level of the grade prior to installation of the measure.

Removed sediment shall be managed as excess earth material.

Seeding, mulching, and/or hydro-seeding where conditions warrant.

EP4.3.10 Any damage to adjacent properties resulting from the Contractor’s failure to take necessary precautions

shall be at the Contractor’s expense.

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EP5 SPECIFICATIONS FOR DEWATERING

EP5.1 SCOPE

These specifications cover the management of dewatering.

EP5.2 APPLICATION

These specifications apply to all Personnel and Contractors involved in the dewatering of the construction area.

This specification should be applied together with the following specification:

EP5.2 Environmental Protection of Watercourses and Water bodies (including Erosion and Sediment Control

Measures)

EP5.3 DEWATERING

The discharge of dewatering effluent can result in scouring and erosion at point of discharge as well as sediment

loading to watercourses and drains.

EP5.3.1 The Contractor shall keep the whole of the works free from water and shall provide all dams, cofferdams,

pumping, piling, shoring, temporary drains, sumps, etc., necessary for this purpose.

EP5.3.2 Significant volumes of dewatering effluent (i.e., greater than 50 gallons per minute) shall be discharged into

a “filter” bag, that is a geotechnical bag designed to retain or filter out sediment while gradually releasing

(e.g., leaking) the water.

EP5.3.3 If a dewatering bag is not available or practical, a dewatering trap shall be constructed of an excavated

basin, surrounded by a sediment barrier (refer to Specification No. EP3) and, if necessary, energy

dissipation at the outlet.

EP5.3.4 The dewatering trap shall have a minimum depth of 1 m below the existing ground surface and shall be

located a minimum of 10 m from a watercourse.

EP5.3.5 Once the dewatering trap is installed, the rate of dewatering shall not exceed the capacity of the dewatering

trap or, otherwise (i.e., less than 50 gallons per minute) create scour or erosion at point of discharge.

EP5.3.6 Dewatering of a minor nature should be conducted such that the outlet discharges behind sand bags or a

rock check dam, no closer than 10m from a watercourse.

EP5.3.7 Any damage to the Works or to adjacent properties resulting from the Contractor’s failure to take necessary

precautions shall be at the Contractor’s expense.

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EP6 SPECIFICATIONS FOR SPILLS MANAGEMENT

EP6.1 SCOPE

These specifications provide procedures for management of spills that may occur during construction activities.

EP6.2 APPLICATION

These specifications apply to all Personnel and Contractors involved in the transportation, handling and use of

materials that represent a concern if a spill occurs. Specific Spill Management Plans are provided for:

Diesel Fuel (EP6.3) and Gasoline (EP6.4). Each Spill Management Plan consists of Dangers, Initial Spill Response,

Containment, Fire Response, Recovery and Disposal. Reporting requirements are also provided.

These specifications should be applied together with the following specifications:



EP4 Environmental Protection of Watercourses and Waterbodies (including Erosion and Sediment Control

Measures)

These specifications shall be incorporated by the Contractor into an Emergency Response Plan to be submitted to

the Engineer prior to construction.

EP6.3 ACTION PLAN FOR SPILL OF DIESEL FUEL

EP6.3.1 Dangers. Materials exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics are considered to represent a

high level of concern or dangers:

Flammable.

Slightly toxic by ingestion, highly toxic if aspirated.

Moderately toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms.

Harmful to waterfowl.

Float on Water

EP6.3.2 Initial Spill Response. The Contractor shall respond as follows:

Upon detection of a spill that cannot immediately and safely be contained and removed, notify the

police, the Fire Service, the Engineer and the Employer;

The source of the spill and the direction of flow shall be identified;

The type of material spilled shall be identified and actions specified to be safe for handling the material

shall be taken in an effort to stop the spill at source; if the material cannot be identified, the material

should be assumed to be dangerous and direct contact should not be made without prior consultation

with appropriate authorities;

Contain the spill with dyking, barricading or blocking flow by any means available, including the use

of available earthmoving equipment.

Use all available means to prevent the spill from reaching open water.

Ensure that unauthorized persons do not contact the spilled material;

Ensure that all sources of open flame and personal smoking materials are extinguished within a

minimum of 100 feet of the spill;

Ensure the health and safety of all personnel and animals in the immediate area; personnel not involved

in containment or clean-up activities should be kept away from the area and the area should be kept

clear of animals;

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Provide all materials and undertake any actions necessary to ensure that employees, residents, the

traveling public, non-essential employees and animals are kept at a safe distance from the affected

area, and are provided safe access away from/around the affected area until the area is declared safe by

the appropriate authorities.

EP6.3.3 Containment. The Contractor shall consult with the Engineer to determine the most appropriate method of

containment, recovery and/or disposal. The following general procedures should be applied to contain the

spill:

When the spill is on land:

Excavate a trench or construct a berm downhill of the spill;

Line trench or berm with pvc/plastic if possible; alternately use absorbent pads;

Once contained the spill can be pumped to drums or to a storage tank;

Monitor for seepage and for spent absorbent;

Where absorbents are used, apply fresh absorbent from the downhill portion of the spill and progress

up to the source;

Place spent absorbent material in drums and seal until suitable disposal arrangements can be made;

Avoid continued work in the area until the site has been cleaned up;

Collect samples for material characterization and identification of an appropriate disposal method (in

consultation with the Engineer);

Stockpile excavated soil (for a period not to exceed 30 days unless directed otherwise by regulatory

authorities) and cover with a tarpaulin until a suitable disposal method has been prescribed.

When the spills in water:

Immediately seal off the source of the leak with a berm or ditch, preferably lined with pvc/plastic, to

minimize the volume of material that will enter the watercourse;

If available, an absorbent boom should be placed downstream of the spill entry point;


In still or slow moving water, absorbent pads can possibly be used, when available;



consultation with the Engineer,).

EP6.3.4 Fire Response includes the following measures:

Notify Engineer

Notify emergency response authorities (e.g., fire, police)

Use C02, dry chemical, foam, or water spray (fog).

Use fog streams to protect rescue team and trapped people.

Use water to cool surface of tanks

Divert the fuel to an open area and let it burn off under control.

If the fire is put out before all fuel is consumed, beware of re-ignition.

Contact with strong oxidizing agents (e.g., ammonium nitrate) may ignite the product, or cause it to

explode.

EP6.3.5 Recovery shall include the following measures:

Unburned fuel can be soaked up by sand, straw, peat moss, or by commercial absorbents (e.g.,

Graboil).

Once contained, if quantities permit, pump to drums or tank;

If necessary, contaminated soil shall be excavated.

Fuel entering the ground can be recovered by digging sumps or trenches and pumping from below the

water table.

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Diesel fuel on a water surface shall be collected and recovered by booms, absorbents such as Graboil,

or collected by a liquid/solid vacuum cleaner.

EP6.3.6 Disposal:

Incineration may be utilized under controlled conditions (obtain permission from the Engineer)

Storage tanks and drums containing spilled material shall be stored by the Contractor in a safe and

secure/restricted area;

The Contractor is responsible for making all necessary arrangements and disposing of all stored

materials with approval of the appropriate authorities.

EP6.4 ACTION PLAN FOR SPILL OF GASOLINE

EP6.4.1 Dangers. Materials exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics are considered to represent a

high level of concern or danger:

Strong oxidizing agent, very reactive with other substances. keep isolated from other substances –

potential explosion hazard.

Moderately toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms.

Very soluble in water.

Supports combustion readily and may detonate if heated under confinement or if subjected to strong

shocks. It becomes more sensitive if mixed with or contaminated by organic matter.

When burning produces very toxic oxides of nitrogen.

EP6.4.2 Initial Spill Response. The Contractor shall respond as follows:

Upon detection of a spill that cannot immediately and safely be contained and removed, notify the

police, the Fire Service, the Engineer and the Employer. The Engineer and the Employer will notify

the authorities as appropriate;

The source of the spill and the direction of flow shall be identified.

The type of material spilled shall be identified and actions specified to be safe for handling the material

shall be taken in an effort to stop the spill at source; if the material cannot be identified, the material

should be assumed to be dangerous and direct contact should not be made without prior consultation

with appropriate authorities.

Contain the spill with dyking, barricading or blocking flow by any means available, including the use

of available earthmoving equipment.

Use all available means to prevent the spill from reaching open water.

Ensure that unauthorized persons do not contact the spilled material.

Ensure that all sources of open flame and personal smoking materials are extinguished within a

minimum of 100 feet of the spill.

Ensure the health and safety of all personnel and animals in the immediate area; personnel not involved

in containment or clean-up activities should be kept away from the area and the area should be kept

clear of animals.

Provide all materials and undertake any actions necessary to ensure that employees, residents, the

travelling public, non-essential employees and animals are kept at a safe distance from the affected

area, and are provided safe access away from/around the affected area until the area is declared safe by

the appropriate authorities.

EP6.4.3 Containment. The Contractor shall consult with the Engineer to determine the most appropriate method of

containment, recovery and/or disposal. The following general procedures should be applied to contain the

spill:

When the spill is on land:

Excavate a trench or construct a berm downhill of the spill;

Line trench or berm with pvc/plastic if possible; alternately use absorbent booms/pads;

ANNEX X

Page 18 of 32

Monitor for seepage and for spent absorbent;


Where absorbents are used, apply fresh absorbent from the downhill portion of the spill and progress up to

the source;


Place spent absorbent material in drums and seal until suitable disposal arrangements can be made;


consultation with the Engineer);

Stockpile excavated soil (for a period not to exceed 30 days unless directed otherwise by regulatory

authorities) and cover with a tarpaulin until a suitable disposal method has been prescribed.

When the spill is in water:

Immediately seal off the source of the leak with a berm or ditch, preferably lined with pvc/plastic, to

minimize the volume of material that will enter the watercourse;

If available, an absorbent boom should be placed downstream of the spill entry point;


In still or slow moving water, absorbent pads can possibly be used, when available;



consultation with the Engineer).

EP6.4.4 Fire Response includes the following measures:

Notify the Engineer

Notify emergency response authorities (e.g., fire, police)

For fires involving large quantities of ammonium nitrate, evacuate and do not attempt to fight fire.

For fire involving small quantities of ammonium nitrate, use large amounts of water to cool (C02, etc.,

not effective as NH4N03 contains oxygen in formula).

Presence of organic impurities can lower the temperature at which detonation occurs.

Use C02, dry chemical, foam, or water spray (fog).

Use fog streams to protect rescue team and trapped people.

Use water to cool surface of tanks.

Divert the diesel duel to an open area and let it burn off under control.

If the fire is put out before all diesel is consumed, beware of re-ignition.

EP6.4.5 Recovery shall include the following measures:

Unburned gasoline can be soaked up by sand, straw, peat moss, or by commercial absorbents (e.g.,

Graboil).


If necessary, contaminated soil shall be excavated.

Fuel entering the ground can be recovered by digging sumps or trenches and pumping from below the

water table.

Fuel on a water surface shall be collected and recovered by booms, absorbents such as Graboil, or

collected by a liquid/solid vacuum cleaner.

EP6.4.6 Disposal may include:

Storage tanks and drums containing spilled material shall be stored by the Contractor in a safe and

secure/restricted area;

The Contractor is responsible for making all necessary arrangements and disposing of all stored

materials with approval of the appropriate authorities.

Evaporation or incineration may be utilized under controlled circumstances (obtain permission from

the Engineer), if aspirated.

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EP6.5 REPORTING

The Contractor shall prepare a written report within 48 hours of a spill detailing the events leading up to the spill, as

well as all actions taken to advise proper authorities, repair any damage, and recommend changes to construction

procedures to avoid a similar problem at another location. The report will be submitted to the Engineer. At

minimum, the report shall provide the following details:

date and time of the spill;

location of the spill and all affected areas;

material spilled and estimated quantity;

cause of the spill;

actions taken to terminate and contain the spill;

site clean-up measures taken;

persons notified; and

follow-up actions to be taken (e.g. samples sent for analysis, method of disposal, contractor hired,

monitoring required, etc.).

EP6.7 TRAINING AND SPILL EXERCISE

EP6.7.1 All members of the Spill Response Team shall be trained and familiar with the spill response resources,

including their location and access, the Spill Contingency Plan, the Emergency Response Plan and

appropriate spill response methodologies.

EP6.7.2 All personnel at the site shall be familiar with spill reporting requirements.

EP6.7.3 Fuel handling crews shall be fully trained in the safe operation of these facilities, spill prevention techniques

and initial spill response, and similarly the staff involved in process and wastewater systems shall be

trained in their safe operation of these systems.

EP6.7.4 The Contractor shall conduct a mock spill exercise at the beginning of construction and once every 6

months for the duration of Construction, to test the response of the Spill Response Team to fuel and other

spills.

EP6.7.5 A report shall be made by the Engineer Environmental Inspector noting the response time, personnel, and

any problems or deficiencies encountered. This report shall be used to evaluate the ability to respond to

spills and determine areas necessary for improvement.

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EP7 SPECIFICATIONS FOR TOPSOIL PROTECTION

EP7.1 SCOPE

These specifications cover requirements for the stripping, stockpiling, placing and protection of topsoil.

EP7.2 APPLICATION

These specifications apply to all Personnel and Contractors involved in the construction of the project, including

those individuals involved in soil removal, stockpiling of topsoil and restoration following construction.




Measures)

EP8 Grading

EP7.3 TOPSOIL PROTECTION

In addition to a valuable natural resource that should be maintained, topsoil is an essential component to the long-

term active or passive restoration of disturbed areas. Proper handling methods are required to maintain topsoil that

is removed during construction. In other areas, where topsoil is to be maintained in-place during construction,

measures are recommended to avoid undue compaction or rutting of topsoil during construction.

EP7.3.1 Where shown on the Drawings or directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall remove topsoil. The depth

of the topsoil shall be as directed by the Engineer, but shall not exceed 200 mm.

EP7.3.2 Where directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall, prior to removal of topsoil, excavate trial holes of a

depth sufficient to enable the Engineer to measure the depth of topsoil. Where topsoil is found to depths

greater than 200 mm, that portion below 200 mm shall, if required by the Engineer, be treated as fill or

spoil in accordance with the requirements of EP3.

EP7.3.3 Should the Contractor strip to depths greater than those instructed by the Engineer, then the Contractor shall

replace the material with fill material at the Contractor’s expense.

EP7.3.4 In areas where soil removal is required, topsoil shall be stripped and stockpiled separately in suitable areas

within the right-of-way or construction area.

EP7.3.5 Stockpiles shall be constructed neatly with uniform surfaces and, where required, the surface will be dished.

EP7.3.6 Where suitable areas are not available within the right-of-way or construction areas, the Contractor shall

provide suitable areas elsewhere.

EP7.3.7 Areas where topsoil is to be placed shall be fine graded to a uniform surface. It shall be free of all

vegetation and other debris, and free of stones, which would not be covered by the depth of topsoil of 50

mm.

EP7.3.8 Topsoil shall be spread to a uniform depth of 50 mm on designated areas.

EP7.3.9 Compaction and mixing of topsoil shall be minimized by working and moving soils only when they are in

dry condition.

EP7.3.10 In areas where soils are not to be removed, the grassed vegetative layer shall be maintained, where

possible, to protect the soils from compaction and erosion.

ANNEX X

Page 21 of 32

EP7.3.11 Where an excess of topsoil is generated, that is not required for restoration of the construction areas, this

excess topsoil should at the discretion of the Employer, be donated to the local governmental authorities for

their use or distribution to local landowners.

EP7.3.12 Removal of topsoil shall be measured by the cubic yard calculated as the product of the plan area

measured from cross-sections taken prior to site clearance and the vertical depth of topsoil instructed to be

removed.

ANNEX X

Page 22 of 32

EP8 SPECIFICATIONS FOR GRADING

EP8.1 SCOPE

These specifications cover requirements for grading, including earth and rock excavation and embankment,

construction, ditching, and the management of surplus and unsuitable materials.

EP8.2 APPLICATION

These specifications apply to all Personnel and Contractors involved in the grading of the right-of-way and

temporary work areas, including excavating, hauling, handling and placing, shaping compacting and trimming of

earth and excess materials.

These specifications should be applied together with the following specifications:




Measures)

EP5 Dewatering

EP7 Topsoil Protection

EP8.3 GRADING

In addition to providing erosion control, proper grading is required to provide short-term drainage during

construction and long term drainage during operation of the project. The following measures shall be adhered to

during construction.

EP8.3.1 Excess material shall be placed in piles from which it may be replaced into its original position. Such

material shall be stored in designated locations not within 10m of a watercourse or drain, and shall not be

placed in low areas such that it would impede drainage during construction.

EP8.3.2 Topsoil and subsoil shall be stripped and stockpiled separately to avoid mixing (See Specification EP7).

EP8.3.3 As much of the excavated materials as possible shall be used within the Contract limits, conforming to

standard right-of-way offsets.

EP8.3.4 When excavated material and excess material cannot be accommodated within the Contract limits, this

material shall be loaded and hauled to temporary storage areas identified and designed in consultation with

the Engineer, consistent with specification EP3.

EP8.3.5 All earth and rock grade surfaces shall on completion be shaped to the specified grades and cross section

within agreed upon tolerances.

EP8.3.6 Excavation operations shall be performed in such a manner as to avoid water saturation of foundation

material, and to avoid leaving undrained pockets in rock excavation by providing effective drainage during

all stages of the work.

EP8.3.7 In excavations below subgrade and in stripping operations where provision for surface drainage is

impracticable, backfill materials shall be placed as soon as practical following the excavation work.

EP8.3.8 Ditching required to provide drainage shall be completed in advance of construction.

ANNEX X

Page 23 of 32

EP9 SPECIFICATION FOR VEGETATION MANAGEMENT AND TREE PROTECTION

EP9.1 SCOPE

These specifications describe measures for vegetation removal. It also provides measures for vegetation identified

for protection.

EP9.2 APPLICATION

These specifications apply to all Personnel and Contractors involved in the removal of vegetation, as required,

during construction. It also applies to all Personnel and Contractors involved in the operation, maintenance or

storage of construction machinery and vehicles, or in the movement and storage of materials in the near or in the

vicinity of trees designated for protection.

EP9.3 VEGETATION REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL

Site clearance is defined as the clearing, grubbing, removal and disposal of all vegetation, grass, debris, bushes,

scrub, dense bush, trees, hedges, undergrowth, stumps, roots, shrubs, plants and the backfilling of holes left by the

removal of stumps and roots.

EP9.3.1 Where the Drawings and/or the Engineer instruct that site clearance is required, the entire area shall be

cleared and all materials shall become the property of the Contractor. The width and length over which site

clearance is to be carried out shall be as shown on the Drawings or as instructed by the Engineer.

EP9.3.2 The Contractor shall clear the area to the width necessary for construction purposes and to address existing

operational concerns, including:

passage of pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles;

provision of sight lines for vehicular traffic;

provision of a safe separation between the traveled section of the road and trees and larger vegetation;

and

maintenance of drainage and other road functions.

EP9.3.3 The Engineer may give instructions that specific vegetation shall not be removed during the site clearance

operation.

EP9.3.4 Site clearance shall be measured by the acre calculated as the plan area instructed by the Engineer to be

cleared.

EP9.3.5 Unless otherwise instructed, vegetation and perishable materials shall be disposed of by burning. Where

material or debris cannot be burnt, it shall be carted to designated spoil areas for removal consistent with

specification EP3.

EP9.3.6 If the Contractor clears the Site in advance of the main works such that grass or other vegetation re-grows

prior to the main Works commencing at any particular location, any further site clearance required shall be

at the Contractor’s expense.

EP9.4 TREE MANAGEMENT

Certain trees shrubs or groupings of trees or shrubs may merit protection and preservation because of a number of

characteristics, including: species type; rarity; size; age; aesthetics; wildlife habitat function, including provision of

species-wildlife habitat; and, the uniqueness of the ecological community. The following measures apply to such

specimens or groupings. These measures also apply to edge vegetation that do not present a concern with respect to

encroachment into the project right-of-way and that do not require removal.

ANNEX X

Page 24 of 32

EP9.4.1 Where trees or large shrubs have encroached into the right-of-way of the project and require removal,

stumps shall be removed as to not project above the ground and impede vehicular, pedestrian and non-

vehicular traffic.

EP9.4.2 Trees or shrubs outside the construction area, but within the right of way of utilities having a trunk girth of

more than 46 cm at a point 61 cm above the ground shall not be cut down without the prior approval of the

Engineer.

EP9.4.3 Where the Engineer instructs that site clearance is required, trees not designated to remain shall be uprooted

or cut down as near to ground level as possible, and shall be either burned or removed by the Contractor.

EP9.4.4 Stumps and tree roots shall be grubbed up and burned. All holes left by removal of stumps and roots shall

be backfilled with approved material compacted to 95% MDD (AASHTO T99) up to the existing ground

level or up to the foundation level if the area is in cut.

EP9.4.5 All fallen brush and trees, as well as overhanging branches, shall be removed from the right-of-way.

EP9.4.6 The Contractor’s operations shall not cause flooding or sediment deposits on areas where trees not

designated for removal are located.

EP9.4.7 Unless the contractor requires work within the dripline of trees not designated for removal, equipment shall

not be operated within the dripline area. When the contract requires work within the dripline of trees not

designated for removal, operation of equipment within the dripline area shall be kept to the minimum

necessary to perform the work required.

EP9.4.8 The Contractor’s operations shall not cause damage to the trunk or branches of trees not designated for

removal where necessary, fencing or barriers shall be provided for trunk protection (see EP9-4.10).

EP9.4.9 Equipment vehicles shall not be parked, repaired or refueled, construction materials shall not be stored, and

earth materials shall not be stockpiled within the dripline area of any tree not designated for removal.

EP9.4.10 Barriers for tree protection shall be erected prior to commencement of construction operations, at locations

specified in the contract, to provide a continuous barricade between trees and the area of work. The Barriers

shall be maintained erect and in good repair throughout the duration of construction operations, and shall be

removed upon completion of the work and disposed of outside the right-of-way.

EP9.4.11 The Barrier shall be placed at the dripline of trees or woodlot edges unless this is inadequate to provide a

1.5-m buffer zone between the Barrier and the limit of grading. The Barrier may be placed within the

dripline if necessary to provide a buffer zone of up to 1.5 m. Under no circumstances shall it be placed less

than 0.75 m from the circumference of the trunk. When the trunks of trees are less than 4.5 m apart, the

trees shall be considered a group, and the Barrier shall be placed to form a continuous barricade as

specified in the contract.

EP9.4.12 A Barrier is not required where an existing fence will serve the same purpose. At such locations, the

barrier shall terminate at the existing fence so that a continuous barricade is provided between the trees and

the area of work.

EP9.4.13 Specimen trees and trees safeguarded by barriers shall be repaired in accordance with this specification.

EP9.4.14 Within five calendar days of damage, branches 25 mm or greater in diameter that are broken as a result of

the Contractor’s operations shall be cut back cleanly at the break, or to within 10 mm of their base, if a

substantial portion of the branch is damage.

EP9.4.15 The Contractor may be required to prune roots that might otherwise be damaged by large excavating

equipment.

ANNEX X

Page 25 of 32

EP9.4.16 Roots 25 mm or larger in diameter that are exposed by the Contractor’s operations shall be cut back

cleanly to the soil surface within five calendar days of exposure.

EP9.4.17 Bark that is damaged by the Contractor’s operations shall be neatly trimmed back to uninjured bark,

without causing further injury, within five calendar days of damage.

ANNEX X

Page 26 of 32

EP10 VEHICULAR, NON-VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

AND SAFETY

EP10.1 SCOPE

The strategies to minimize the potential for large scale traffic slowdown and any adverse effects on the environment,

while maintaining safety for all during the construction phase are detailed in this specification.


EP6 Spill Contingency Plan

EP10.2 MANDATE

This section applies to all individuals who are responsible for the transport of equipment, materials, supplies or

personnel to and from the Project site during construction. Project personnel responsible for scheduling of

construction activities also form part of this management process.

EP10.3 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY

To prevent unacceptable levels of traffic slowdown and to reduce the potential effects on various components of the

environment due to the construction activity, it is recommended that the following should be accomplished.

EP10.3.1 Construction shall be scheduled in phases.

EP10.3.2 Construction shall be carried out in such a manner to avoid unnecessary traffic bottlenecks.

EP10.3.3 The Contractor shall be required to construct and maintain temporary detour roads adjacent to

construction. Where the new construction is exactly on the existing alignment and diversions or deviations

are not possible, the Contractor will arrange the construction so as to maintain a single lane of controlled

traffic as necessary on any particular portion of the Works.

EP10.3.4 Manually operated “stop/go” signals, if used, shall be of the size and type approved by the Engineer and

radio equipped flagmen should be used at all detours. The cost of this traffic control for the period agreed

by the Engineer is the responsibility of the Contractor.

EP10.3.5 All schemes for the temporary control of traffic must be submitted to the Engineer for approval

beforehand. Depending on legal, environmental or any other considerations, the Engineer may refuse

approval to certain schemes involving diversions or deviations on or off the Site of the road Works and the

requirements for such measures must be decided as soon as possible after construction commences.

EP10.3.6 When required, the Contractor shall erect and maintain, all signs necessary for the proper direction and

control of traffic. All such signs shall conform to international standards and shall be approved by the

engineer before erection.

EP10.3.7 Road blocks/detours shall be installed and signed appropriately, where required, to direct traffic.

EP10.3.8 Safe access for non-motorized vehicles shall be provided through construction areas.

EP10.3.9 Safe access for pedestrian and non-vehicular traffic shall be provided through construction areas.

EP10.3.10 Pedestrian traffic shall be restricted to one side of the road (non-active work area) for safety.

EP10.3.11 Drivers assisting the construction process must hold a valid driver’s license, appropriate to the vehicle in

question, and have a good driving record.

ANNEX X

Page 27 of 32

EP10.3.12 Drivers assisting the construction process shall adhere to the speed limits posted along the length of the

roads.

EP10.3.13 Speed limits shall be reduced temporarily and marked accordingly, where required, to provide for the

safety of the drivers, pedestrians and workers.

EP10.3.14 Signs and road markers shall be installed to instruct and inform all drivers of local restrictions in a timely

and safe manner.

EP10.3.15 The Contractor shall furnish barricades or temporary fencing that may be required for the safety of the

public or the security of the Works as required by the Engineer, and erect such barricades or temporary

fencing at locations specified by the Engineer.

EP10.3.16 Gross vehicle weights for construction vehicles shall be limited according to road and bridge capacities.

EP10.3.17 Drivers assisting the construction process shall be instructed to be careful at all times, particularly when

carrying material whose spillage may be detrimental to the environment.

EP10.3.18 Such drivers shall also communicate the presence of traffic bottlenecks and the resulting time loss to the

site engineer; data generated from these reports can be used for traffic management plan revisions where

appropriate.

EP10.3.19 The Spill Contingency Plan shall be implemented, as required (Specification EP6).

EP10.3.20 Drivers assisting the construction process shall be trained to perform spill reporting and clean-up

procedures for minor spills.

EP10.3.21 Drivers assisting the construction process that demonstrate a lack of safety while driving shall be subject

to warning(s) or, as required, additional measures to ensure the continued safety of pedestrians, drivers and

workers.

EP10.3.22 The Engineer Environmental Inspector and the Contractor shall be in regular communication and shall

monitor the effects of construction on traffic pedestrians, and residents during the construction phase of the

project. Operating procedures shall be adjusted to address any unexpected adverse effects.

EP10.3.24 The Contractor shall consult with police force in the area regarding their requirements in the control of

traffic and other matters, and provide all assistance and facilities that may be required by such officials, in

the execution of their duties.

ANNEX X

Page 28 of 32

EP11 SPECIFICATIONS FOR HEALTH, SAFETY AND ACCIDENTS ON THE

CONSTRUCTION SITE

EP11.1 SCOPE

These specifications cover the guidelines for health, safety and accidents in construction sites.

EP11.2 APPLICATION

These specifications apply to all Personnel and Contractors involved in construction of the project. The Contractor

shall ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable and to the satisfactions of the Engineer, and the Employer, the health,

safety and welfare at work of his employees including those of this subcontractors and of all other persons on the

site.

EP11.3 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ACCIDENT PROCEDURES

In the execution of his contractual responsibilities, the contractor shall:

EP11.3.1 Ensure the provision and maintenance of Construction sites that are lighted, safe and without risks to

health.

EP11.3.2 Ensure the execution of suitable arrangements for ensuring safety and absence of risks to health in

connection with the use, handling, storage, transport and disposal of articles and substances.

EP11.3.3 Ensure the provision of protective clothing and equipment (including hard hats and hearing protection for

applicable activities), first aid stations with such personnel and equipment as are necessary and such

information, instruction training and supervision as are necessary to ensure the health and safety at work of

all persons employed on the Works in accordance with all applicable laws.

EP11.3.4 Designate as Safety Officer of one of the Contractor’s senior staff who shall have specific knowledge of

safety regulations and experience of safety precautions on similar works and who shall advise on all

matters affecting the safety of workmen and on measures to be taken to promote safety.

EP11.3.5 Ensure the provision and maintenance of access to all places on the Site in a condition that is safe and

without risk of injury.

EP11.3.6 Provide clean, sufficient and continuous supply of fresh water, both for construction of the Works and for

all related facilities at staging areas. He shall undertake all arrangements including pipelines and meters as

necessary for connecting to local water mains and the provision of pumps, storage tanks or water

conveyance where necessary, payment of all fees and water charges and the satisfactory removal of all such

arrangements and provisions on completion of the Works. The water shall be cleared of suspended solids

and free from any matter in quantities considered by the Engineer to be deleterious to the work or human

health. Water supplied to all the offices, laboratories and houses shall be wholesome and potable.

EP11.3.7 Provide and maintain adequate sanitation, refuse collection and disposal, complying with all applicable

laws and by-laws and to the satisfaction of the Engineer, for all sites and related facilities at staging areas.

EP11.3.8 Provide an adequate number of suitable latrines and other sanitary arrangements at sites and areas where

work is in progress.

EP11.3.9 Notify the Engineer and emergency response authorities (e.g., fire and police) of all personal injury

accidents that could result in lost work hours, and shall submit a report of the details to the Engineer and

the Employer as soon as possible after its occurrence.

ANNEX X

Page 29 of 32

EP12 SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO DUST SUPPRESSION

The following dust suppression measures shall be implemented:

Stockpiles of sand and aggregate greater than 20 cubic meters for use in concrete manufacture shall be enclosed

on three sides, with walls extending above the pile and two (2) meters beyond the front of the piles.

Effective water sprays shall be used during the delivery and handling of all raw sand and aggregate, and other

similar materials, when dust is likely to be created and to dampen all stored materials during dry and windy

weather.

Areas within the Site where there is a regular movement of vehicles shall have an acceptable hard surface and

be kept clear of loose surface material.

Conveyor belts shall be fitted with wind-boards, and conveyor transfer points and hopper discharge areas shall

be enclosed to minimize dust emission. All conveyors carrying materials that have the potential to create dust

shall be totally enclosed and fitted with belt cleaners.

Cement and other such fine-grained materials delivered in bulk shall be stored in closed silos fitted with a high-

level alarm indicator. The high-level alarm indicators shall be interlocked with the filling line such that in the

event of the hopper approaching an overfull condition, an audible alarm will operate, and the pneumatic line to

the filling tanker will close.

Cement manufactured from dredging of off-shore coral reef resources will not be used in the Project.

All air vents on cement silos shall be fitted with suitable fabric filters provided with either shaking or pulse-air

cleaning mechanisms.

Weigh hoppers shall be vented to a suitable filter.

The filter bags in the cement silo dust collector must be thoroughly shaken after cement is blown into the silo to

ensure adequate dust collection for subsequent loading.

Adequate dust suppression including water tank trucks with spray bars.

Areas of reclamation shall be completed, including final compaction, as quickly as possible consistent with

good practice to limit the creation of wind-blown dust.

All non-bituminous /unsurfaced roads forming access to parts of the construction areas of the Site shall be kept

moist by spraying.

All vehicles, while parked on the Site, will be required to have their engines turned off.

All equipment and machinery on the Site will be checked at least weekly and make all necessary corrections

and or repairs to ensure compliance with safety and air pollution requirements.

All vehicles will be properly cleaned (bodies and tires are free of sand and mud) prior to leaving the site areas.

The necessary cleaning facilities will be provided on site to ensure that no water or debris from such cleaning

operations is deposited off-site.

All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the site will be covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other

acceptable type cover (which shall be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or

being blown off the vehicle(s).

Construction walls will be provided in all locations where strong winds could cause the blowing of dust and

debris.

At any concrete batching plant or crushing plant being operated on the Site, the following conditions shall be

complied with:

Dust nuisance as a result of construction activities will be avoided. An air pollution control system

shall be installed and shall be operated whenever the plant is in operation.

Where dusty materials are being discharged to vehicles from a conveying system at a fixed transfer

point, a three-sided roofed enclosure with a flexible curtain across the entry shall be provided. Exhaust

fans shall be provided for this enclosure and vented to a suitable fabric filter system.

Any vehicles with an open load carrying area used for moving potentially dust-producing materials

shall have properly fitting side and tailboards. Materials having the potential to create dust shall not be

loaded to a level higher than the side and tail boards, and shall be covered by a clean tarpaulin in good

condition. The tarpaulin shall be properly secured and shall extend at least 300 mm over the edges of

the side and tailboards.

The concrete batching plant and crushing plant sites and ancillary areas will be frequently cleaned and

watered to minimize any dust emissions.

Dry mix batching shall be carried out in a totally enclosed area with exhaust to suitable fabric filters.

ANNEX X

Page 30 of 32

EP13 SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL

To avoid potential adverse noise and vibration impacts, the Contractor shall:

Provide prior notification to local authorities and the public of construction operations prior to commencing

works.

Repair any damage caused as the result of vibrations generated from or by the use of his equipment, plant, and

machinery.

Erect temporary noise barriers where schools are within 50 meters of construction activities.

Ensure that all exhaust systems will be maintained in good working order; properly designed engine enclosures

and intake silencers will be employed; and regular equipment maintenance will be undertaken.

Ensure that stationary equipment will be placed as far from sensitive zones as practical and is selected to

minimize objectionable noise impacts being provided with shielding mechanisms where possible.

Schedule operations to coincide with periods when people would least likely be affected; work hours and work

days will be limited to less noise-sensitive times. Hours-of-work will be approved by the site engineer having

due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities.

ANNEX X

Page 31 of 32

EP14 SPECIFICATIONS FOR PROTECTION OF HISTORIC AND CULTURAL

RESOURCES

To avoid potential adverse impacts to historic and cultural resources, if any, the Contractor shall:

Protect sites of known antiquities, historic and cultural resources by the placement of suitable fencing and

barriers;

The Contractor will consult with local authorities and appropriate agencies prior to construction works to

identify potential historic and cultural sites that may be affected by Project works.

Not locate construction camps within 500 meters from cultural resources.

Adhere to accepted international practice and all applicable historic and cultural preservation requirements of

the Government of Seychelles, including all appropriate local government entities

In the event of discoveries of cultural or historic artifacts (movable or immovable) in the course of the work, the

Contractor shall take all necessary measures to protect the findings and shall notify the Engineer and concerned

District-level and central government level representatives. If continuation of the work would endanger the

finding, project work shall be suspended until a solution for preservation of the artifacts is agreed upon.

ANNEX X

Page 32 of 32

EP15 SPECIFICATIONS FOR PROTECTION OF BORROW AREAS AND QUARRIES

The contractor shall ascertain that the owner of the quarry, from which construction materials shall be extracted,

has been granted the necessary permit or license of exploitation by the corresponding authority, municipal,

departmental or national (cite the law or regulation as the case may be).

The following mitigation measures shall be generally used to control erosion and other direct impacts at borrow

sites and quarries:

the topsoil organic layer, removed to uncover the quarry or borrow-pit, shall be piled up in storage at

an approved and convenient location, so that when the exploitation is finished, the organic topsoil shall

be reincorporated to its original location; in addition, cover gently sloping or flat borrow sites with

topsoil after termination of the use of the site;

shape contour embankments to slow down run-off;

landscape the faces of vertical rocky borrow sites in the process of exploitation; and

provide for conditions for good borrow site management practices in contracts with private site

operators.

The contractor shall prevent fill material from escaping beyond the embankment slope stakes by the

construction of toe ditches or by the erection of rock, boulder, earth or log barriers at the toes of embankments

or by other suitable means satisfactory to the engineer.

Sufficient work shall be performed on the top surface and side slopes of the embankments that they shall be left

in a neat and workman like condition and in close conformity with the lines and grades shown on the Drawings.

Wherever shown on the Drawings, the contractor shall perform the designated rounding at the top and bottom of

slopes and elsewhere as shown. The embankment shall be maintained in completed condition until final

acceptance.

Upon termination of the exploitation of a temporary quarry, the contractor shall re-shape the excavation to its

original superficial hydraulic characteristics, to the extent possible, sowing the area with grass (i.e., Vetiver,

Cus-Cus or Pangola) or other appropriate local vegetation whenever required.

The contractor shall not extract river run stone, gravel, sand or any other construction material from watercourse

beds. In exceptional cases, prior authorization from the engineer must be obtained, as well as the necessary

permit or license by the pertinent governmental authority.

The contractor shall not excavate borrow ditches or pits on flat lands subject to water stagnation and/or with

slow runoff drainage, and in proximity of villages or urban settlements. Whenever such exploitation becomes

necessary, in addition to the pertinent permits, the contractor must prepare, and present for approval of the

engineer, a drainage plan based on a topographic survey drawn up at a convenient scale.

Any measure applicable for the contractor shall automatically also apply to the subcontractor (i.e. quarry

operators) whenever relevant.

ANNEX XI


Compliance Report

ANNEX XI

Page 1 of 8


(MFTEP)


Project (SWIOFish3)


Environmental and Social Compliance Report

I. INSTRUCTIONS

This Report aims to establish the level of environmental, social, health and safety compliance

during the construction phase of approved sub-projects classified as High Risk and Moderate

Risk, as a result of the application of the Environmental and Social Scoping step of the ESMF.

The completion of the Report requires a site visit by the PIU Environmental and Social Specialist

or Consultant A quarterly periodicity for site visits to each sub-project is suggested, which may

be increased or decreased based on the level of socio-environmental performance of each sub-

project.

Section II includes a table with a series of questions on Contractors and Engineers’ compliance

with environmental and social requirements, and on impacts detected during the field visit. As

applicable, check whether each non-compliance or impact is observed, and then provide a brief

narrative of the non-compliance or impact, the actions recommended to address each and, finally,

if applicable, the status of implementation of previously suggested actions to address the non-

compliance or impact. As applicable, supporting documentation and photographs should be

attached as evidence of the occurrence of the non-compliance or impact.

The table in Section II also includes details on the participants, the persons contacted and the

date of the site visit, as well as on the project inspected.

Section III contains a summary of the major non-compliances and impacts detected, and the

main recommended actions to address them, in order to prioritize the follow-up of those actions

in future oversight visits.

Section IV includes the attachments that support the determination of major non-compliances or

impacts.

ANNEX XI

Page 2 of 8

II. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COMPLIANCE TABLE

Sub-Project Name/Code:____________________________________ Location:_______________________________________

Date of Site Visit:__________________________

Participants in Site Visit:________________________________________________________________________________

Name and job title of persons contacted:____________________________________________________________________

Name and contact information of community members contacted (if applicable):____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

NOTE: A “YES” answer to any of the questions in the table below indicates a non-compliance or impact.

QUESTIONS

ANSWER BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF

IMPACT/NONCOMPLIANCE

(INCLUDE LOCATION OF

IMPACT)

RECOMMENDED

ACTIONS

FOLLOW-UP ON

IMPLEMENTATION OF

ACTIONS (IF

APPLICABLE)

YES NO

ORGANIZATION, REPORTING, TRAINING

AND PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS

Is the Contractor non-compliant with, as

applicable, any of the requirements for socio-

environmental management established in the

works contract and the ESMP (e.g., staffing,

management structure, equipment and other

material resources (e.g., office space, vehicles,

computers, field monitoring equipment, etc.), field

inspection instruments and procedures, etc.)?

(please specify)

Is the Contractor non-compliant with socio-

environmental reporting requirements? (please

specify)

Is the Contractor non-compliant with

environmental effects monitoring requirements

ANNEX XI

Page 3 of 8

(please specify)

Is the Contractor non-compliant with workers

environmental, health and safety training and

awareness requirements (please specify)

Is the Contractor non-compliant with the required

environmental permitting for the project (e.g.,

water abstraction, vegetation clearance, etc.)

(please specify)

Is the Contractor non-compliant with Seychellois

labor laws and international labor standards, in

particular in reference to right to receive just

compensation and benefits for work, prohibition of

forced and child labor, and prevention of sexual

harassment and discrimination in the work place on

the basis of gender, religion, social origin, etc.?

(please specify)

Is the Contractor failing to employ women or

reducing the number of female employees in

disproportionate numbers when compared to

dismissed men? (please specify)

Is the Engineer non-compliant with, as applicable,

any of the requirements for socio-environmental

management established in the

supervision/consultant contract and the ESMP

(e.g., staffing, management structures, field

supervision instruments and procedures, and

reporting requirements, etc.)? (please specify)

Is the Engineer non-compliant with socio-

environmental reporting requirements? (please

specify)

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

Is there standing water on the site? If yes, is there

reason to believe the water has been standing

longer than 4 days?

(Standing water breeds insect disease vectors,

particularly mosquitoes. It takes 4 days for the

malaria‐bearing anopheles mosquito to hatch and

mature to its flying adult form)

Is there erosion from the cleared site or from

material stockpiles? Gullying on surrounding lands

ANNEX XI

Page 4 of 8

clearly caused by runoff from the site?

(In addition to permanently degrading the site

itself, erosion/ runoff from the site can degrade

nearby surface waters and damage adjoining lands)

Are fill, sand, and/or gravel being extracted from

waterways or ecologically sensitive areas?

(Extracting materials from streambeds and

wetlands degrades water quality, ruins critical

habitat, alters drainage and flow, and can create

standing water)

Is demolition debris or construction waste disposed

in the open?

(These wastes can pose physical hazards, such as

broken glass and rusty torn roofing sheets, and

toxic hazards, such as leaded paint, and can create

breeding habitat for disease vectors)

Are there fuel, oil, paint or chemical spills to

ground or streams?

(Such spills can contaminate soils, surface waters

and groundwater)

Is the site very dusty or noisy?

(Dust and noise can have negative impacts on the

health of workers and residents located closed to

construction site)

Are operation and maintenance of construction

plants inadequate and, hence, there is presence of

excessive noise, vibrations, fumes and particle

emissions?

Are sprinklers lacking or damaged in crushing

conveyors to spray mist/water on belts during

crushing operations to help control dust?

Are there excessive periods of interruption of

access to public transport, or residential,

commercial, health or institutional areas and

services due to inadequate implementation of

traffic control and safety measures during

construction?

Are there damages to public utilities and services

lines, mains or pipes, and extended periods of

interruption of services?

ANNEX XI

Page 5 of 8

Are quarries and borrow pits being operated in an

unsafe or environmentally unsustainable manner?

Is vegetation being cleared in areas beyond those

indicated in contract drawings?

Are there conflicts with local populations due to

resource use, in particular water?

Is there inadequate storage and utilization of top

soils?

Are there unresolved resettlement and

compensation issues?

Are there any manifestations of unintended or

unanticipated impacts? (please specify type of

impact and location)

HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPACTS

Is a well-marked site boundary absent and is an

actively controlled access not provided?

Are good housekeeping practices not in place, and

is the site not maintained in a generally orderly

condition?

Are safety signs missing—at minimum, to mark

site boundary, hardhat areas, explosion and toxic

hazards?

Is smoking allowed or not restricted to a designated

smoking area well away from flammable

materials?

Is First Aid kit missing on site, and there is no one

on site familiar with its use and trained in basic

first aid?

Drinking water and sanitary facilities are not

provided (or are not very close at hand), including

hand-wash station?

Is personal protective equipment (PPE) inadequate

or does it appear little-used

(PPE must be adequate and used consistently to

fulfill its intended function: helping protect

workers against injuries and disease)

Is scaffolding inadequate (i.e., not able to carry at

least 4 times its maximum intended load without

settling or displacement)?

ANNEX XI

Page 6 of 8

Is scaffolding inadequate (i.e., not on solid

footing—boxes, loose bricks and stones, etc.)?

Is scaffolding inadequate (i.e., does not have

guardrails, midrails and toeboards)?

Is scaffolding inadequate (i.e., not at least 3 meters

from any electric power line)?

Are scaffolding inspections insufficient (i.e., not

inspected each day by a competent manager)?

Is fall protection inadequate (i.e., there are no

guardrails or at least ropes near the edge of floors

and roofs where a drop is greater than 2 meters.

Where not possible, workers in these areas do not

wear a body harness and rope)?

Are trenches inadequate (i.e., spoils are not

maintained at least 1 meter back from edge of

trench)?

Are trenches inadequate (i.e., trench walls are not

shored or sloped back for any trench 1.75 meters or

deeper)?

Are trenches inadequate (i.e., for any trench 1.75

meters or deeper, there is not a means of exit

(ladder, stair, ramp) at least every 10 meters?

Is leaded paint or asbestos in any form used in new

construction?

Are painted surfaces being scraped or sanded?

(Paint containing lead is very common in Africa.

Scraping or sanding releases lead dust, a toxic

health hazard to workers)

Are asbestos roofing sheets, linoleum, fiberboard

ceiling or wall panels or pipe insulation being

removed/disturbed?

(Asbestos should be assumed to be present in all

these products. When disturbed, carcinogenic

asbestos fibers may be released)

For rehabilitation or demolition, the contractor

failed to check prior to commencing work whether

lead-based paint, asbestos (including roofing

sheets) and other toxics are present?

Source: Cabral, 2013, Annex XVI.

ANNEX XI

Page 7 of 8

III. MAJOR NON-COMPLIANCES AND IMPACTS, AND RECOMMENDED

ACTIONS FOR FOLLOW-UP

Based on the Environmental and Social Compliance Table, list in the table below the major non-

compliances and impacts detected, as well as the main actions recommended to address them.

This table will serve to prioritize the follow-up of those actions in future oversight visits.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF

IMPACT/NONCOMPLIANCE (INCLUDE

LOCATION OF IMPACT)

RECOMMENDED

ACTIONS

FOLLOW-UP ON

IMPLEMENTATION OF

ACTIONS (IF

APPLICABLE)

Report prepared by:

Signature: Date :


ANNEX XI

Page 8 of 8

IV. ATTACHMENTS

ANNEX XII

EIA Process in Seychelles

ANNEX XII Page 1 of 4

EIA PROCESS IN SEYCHELLES1

1 Undated document provided by the Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change (MEECC).

Currently, the Environmental Assessment and Permit Section of the Department of Environment, instead of the

Wildlife Enforcement and Permits Division of the same Department, receives and reviews applications for

Environmental Authorizations.

Application

List the activity, the environment and the potentially significant impact and

submitted to the Wildlife Enforcement and Permits Division in the

Department of Environment (DOE)

Significant Issues

Class I EIA

No significant Issues

Class II EIA

Scoping Meeting/visit

Scoping report produced

DOE assesses report

DOE produces terms of

reference

EIA Report produced

DOE assesses EIA report

Public

Review

Turned Down:

further work

needed

Appraisal by

DOE

Approved with

conditions

Planning Authority Notified

Turned

Down:

further

work

needed

PCEI division completes

field checklist and

produces appraisal report

Approved

with

conditions

Project

Commences

Provisionally

refused

Planning

Authority

upholds

refusal

Appeal

Minister

Court

Overridden

by

Planning

Authority


Please note that the CLASS II EIAs do not require reports. They refer to smaller scale

applications such as dwelling house, fences and ancillary works etc. Such planning applications

are simply appraised by officers from relevant authorities. No consultants are needed.

Class I refers to prescribed projects which requires environmental authorization under the

Environment Protection Act

The EIA Process as undertaken by the Department of Environment

1. Advise proponent to appoint an EIA consultant

2. EIA Consultant/ proponent request a meeting with DOE to initiate EIA process.

Organise Scoping visit/ meeting for the proposed. Consult Director EIA, and decide on which of the

following sections/ units to be consulted. Members consulted will form part of the appraisal

committee for the project.

3. Site visit/ Meeting with Consultant

o Ensure attendance sheet is ready and used

o Explain the EIA process to consultant, hand over EIA process Sheet

o Explain the Scoping verification form to the consultant and hand over a copy to

consultant

o Give all DOE officers a copy of the scoping verification form, either by email or

hand, and stress on submission of form to the consultant. It is the responsibility of

the consultant to collect all scoping verification forms

4. Scoping list to Consultant

o Compile scoping list (see attached template Annex 4) and circulate to D, DG for

approval.

o Submit scoping list and cover letter for consultant to undertake the Scoping Report.

5. Request for Organization of Public Meeting

o As part of the scoping exercise, depending on the sensitivity of the project, a

consultant undertaking an EIA report may be requested to organize a public meeting

(see standard guidelines for organising public meeting Annex 5).

6. Submission of Scoping Report by Consultant

o Assess thoroughly the Scoping report and draft the Terms of Reference (TOR) based

on the report.

o Forward the draft TOR to Director for corrections.

o Forward the draft TOR to Environment officers (appraisal committee) who were

members of your scoping exercise. Visit /meeting or who submitted comments in the

scoping report. Give them 3 days as deadline for comments.

o Finalise TOR and seek approval from DG.

o Submit TOR with cover letter to Consultant within 2 weeks of submission of Scoping

report.

7. Submission of EIA report by consultant


o Preliminary review of the EIA report by DOE

Organise for members of the appraisal committee to receive a copy of the EIA

report, giving them 1 week for appraisal and deadline for submission of

comments via email.

Book meeting room

Send email to members (ensure you cc D, DG, and Secretaries) with the

following; the proposed, time and location of meeting and deadline for

confirming participation.

Follow up and compile comments in Memo Format and ensure copies are

available for all.

Ensure attendance sheet is ready and used.

Discuss EIA content and assess degree expected as per TOR. Determine

whether EIA report is fit to go on public inspection or further study is needed

o In the event that the appraisal committee feels that consultant should

carry out further study or submit additional information for the purpose of

ensuring that the EIA is accurate and exhaustive as possible, letter should

be forwarded to consultant outlining all issues to be submitted as

addendum to the report. On receipt of all the completed documents

organise an internal meeting with key members of the appraisal

committee who requested additional information, and determine whether

EIA report is fit to go on public inspection.

On determination of the report being satisfactory and determined fit to go on

public inspection an acknowledgement letter should be submitted to the

proponent/ consultant (see template attached annex 6). A response should be

submitted to the consultant/proponent within 56 days.

8. Public Inspection Period

o As per the Environment Protection (Impact Assessment) Regulations, 1996, the

submitted report has to undergo a public inspection period of two weeks. Organise a

notice for public inspection; the notice shall state the summary description of the

project or activity; the location where the project or activity is to be carried out; the

place where the EIA may be inspected; the period within which the EIA is open for

inspection (See attached Template- Annex 7).

o Draft Memo to EIC Section asking for assistance in making the necessary procedures

to have the notice published twice in the Seychelles Nation. The notice shall be

published in 2 issues of a local newspaper with an interval of not less than seven days

between the first and second publication (see template attached Annex 8).

o Draft Memo to EIC section asking for permission and assistance to place one copy of

the document for comments at Documentation Centre for viewing to ensure wider

participation of the public in the process (see template attached Annex 9).

o Draft and send letter to District Administrator, where the proposal is to be located,

asking for permission and assistance to place one copy of the document for comments

at their respective District Administration for viewing to ensure wider participation of

the public in the process (Annex10)

o Draft and send letter to National Library asking for permission and assistance to place

one copy of the document for comments at Victoria National Library for viewing to

ensure wider participation of the public in the process (see template attached Annex

11).


o Organise 3 complete sets of the report, booklets for each sets (Booklets should each

have Cover page (Annex 12), Instruction page (Annex 13) and comments page

(Annex 14), and place the sets at the National Library, District Administration and

Documentation Centre in time for the commencement of public inspection.

9. Public Meeting

o In the event that adverse public comments are received and request for further

consultations needed, onus is on the developer/consultant to coordinate and organize

for the Public Meeting called for during the public inspection process (see Annex 15).

10. Review comments from Public Inspection

o Where it is considered necessary by the Authority, the Authority may again refer

the E.I.A. to an Environmental Appraisal Committee to discuss comments made by

the Public.

Organise a meeting with members of the appraisal committee

Book meeting room

Send email members (ensure you cc D, DG, and Secretaries); with the

following; the proposed, time and location of meeting and deadline for

confirming participation.

Ensure attendance sheet is ready and used.

The appraisal committee shall examine the EIA along with the comments and

observations made by it, and any public comments that may have been received

and make its recommendations to the Authority.

The Authority may require the proponent of the project or activity to furnish

any additional information as may be required any time before granting the

environmental authorization for the project or activity.

11. Final Decision

o An environmental authorization granted for a project or activity may be subject to

such terms and conditions as may specify by the Authority.

Approves the EIA in respect of a project or activity it shall grant an

environmental authorization to the proponent of the project or activity; Draft a

Notice of Acceptance (NOA) for the proposed; additional information still

lacking in EIA report can be requested with strict deadlines, conditions most

applicable and for sensitive issues should also be outlined in Notice of

Acceptance.

o Once NOA has been submitted a full copy of the approved EIA report

should be given to Documentation Centre, Botanical Gardens for record

keeping.

Does not approve the EIA in respect of a project or activity, it shall refuse to

grant an environmental authorization to the proponent of the project or activity;

Draft and send a Notice of Refusal for the proposed outlining all issues for the

refusal.

12. Appeal

o Any person aggrieved by a decision given by the Authority under regulation 10(4)

may appeal to the Minister within 30 days from the date receipt of the decision or

order.