Environmental Degradation

IB HL

4 Types Of Mined Raw Materials

• Metals (Iron Ore, and Copper).

• Industrial Minerals (Lime, and Soda Ash).

• Construction Materials (Sand, and Gravel).

• Energy Minerals (Coil, Oil, and Gas).

Environmental Impacts

• Habitat destruction.

• Disposal of waste.

• Pollution (Air, Land, Visual, Smell, Water).

• Deforestation.

• Derelict land left over.

Environmental Problems

Problem Open Pit Opencast Underground Dredging

Habitat Destruction X X - X

Dump Failure/erosion X X X -

Subsidence - - - X

Water Pollution X X X X

Noise X X - -

Increased Air Travel

• Aviation accounts for 13% of the world’s CO2 discharges.

• Airlines’ emissions contain nitrogen oxides creating ozone and clouds intensifying the greenhouse effect.

• These emissions can therefore impact climates considerably.

Activities

• Using Geography Course Companion P102-105, answer the following…

1. Using Figure 11 (P103), describe the growth of International Freight Transport.

2. Using Figure 12 (P104), describe the growth in International Freight transport between 1979 and 2011 (with reasons).

3. What are the environmental problems associated with the substantial increase in air freight?