Environmental Impact Assessment system in Korea

GenevaApril. 24 , 2012

Nankyoung Moony g

Korea Environment InstituteKorea Environment Institute

SOUTH KOREA

Area: 100,000km2

Population: 48 millions

Mountain area: 70%

Peninsular

Temperate oneTemperate zone

High public interests inHigh public interests in environmental protection

Capital area

20km

Korea Environment Institute (KEI)

National Environmental Research Institute National Environmental Research Institute under the Office of Prime Ministerunder the Office of Prime Minister

Contribution to the prevention and

under the Office of Prime Ministerunder the Office of Prime Minister

presolution of environmental problems “through research and development of

d i t l li i ”Knowledge

Sharingd

advances environmental policies”,and

“professional review of environmentalEnvironmentaland

Management Improvement

professional review of environmental impact statement”

PolicyResearch

Climate Change Research

Environmental Assessment

Introduction Period (1977 ∼ 1981)

EIA started from late 70s

Environment 1st Amendment 2nd Amendment

EIA started from late 70s

Preservation Act1977

1st Amendment1979

2nd Amendment1981

3 projects 6 projects 10 projects

MOSHA Office of Environment

Implementation Period (1982 ∼ 1992)

1982 Introduction of professional EIA agency systemlicensed by Office of Environment(currently about 200 agencies)

1986 Extension of project types (including private projects)Office of Environment Environmental Agency

(currently about 200 agencies)

1990

Office of Environment → Environmental Agency

Basic Environmental Policy Act35 unit projects / 11 area → 47 unit projects / 15 areaPublic participation involved

Enhancement Period (1993 ∼ )

1993 Environmental Impact Assessment Act as independent law (est detailed procedures)

1997

as independent law (est. detailed procedures)

Amendment of EIA act KEI : Official review organization for EISEnvironmental Agency → Ministry of Environment

1999 Amendment of Basic Environmental Policy ActIntroduction of SEA for administrative policiescalled Preliminary Environmental Review System (PERS)

2009 A d t f EIA t2009 Amendment of EIA act76 unit projects / 17 areaIntroduction of scoping process, simplified EIA

d h )and greenhouse gas)

Projects subject to EIA (positive list)Projects subject to EIA (positive list)

Urban Development (12) Development of Athletic Facilities (5)

Development of Industrial Complexes (7)

Construction of Railroads (including subway) (4)

( )

Development of Mountain areas (3)Complexes (7)

Development of Energy (7)

Construction of Airports (1)

areas (3)

Development of Designated Regions (8)

Construction of Harbors (4)

Utilization and Development of Rivers (1)

Regions (8)

Installation of Waste disposal Facilities (2)

Construction of Roads (1)

Reclamation Works (2)

disposal Facilities (2)

Construction of Military Facilities (3)

Development of Water Resources (2)

Development of Resort & Recreation areas (6)

Facilities (3)

Excavation Work and mining activities (7)Resources (2) mining activities (7)

Items to be assessed (21 items)Categories Atmospheric Water Land

Items

- Meteorology- Air quality- Odor

- Water quality- Marine

environment

- Land use- Soil

T h &- Greenhouse

gas- Hydraulics &

Hydrology

- Topography & Geology

Categories Natural Ambient Socioeconomic- Waste

N i & Vib ti

Items- Flora & Fauna- Environmental

- Noise & Vibration- Landscape- Sanitation &

- Population- ResidenceItems - Environmental

property Health- Electromagnetic

wave

Residence- Local industry

- Shading

Procedure

Project developerProject developerPreparation of draft EISPreparation of draft EIS qualified EIA agent

authorized by MOE

Public ParticipationPublic Participation

y

S b i i f EISS b i i f EIS

Project developerProject developerPreparation of EISPreparation of EIS

Project developer → Approval agencyProject developer → Approval agencySubmission of EISSubmission of EIS

C lt ti f EISC lt ti f EISApproval agency → MOEApproval agency → MOE

Consultation of EISConsultation of EISReview of EIS by KEI

ApprovalApproval agency agency → → ProjectProject developerdeveloperFinal DecisionFinal Decision

Approval agency & MOEApproval agency & MOE

MonitoringMonitoring

Role of concerned parties

Submission of EIS Consultation of EIS Review of EIS

Project Project developerdeveloper

ApprovalApprovalAgencyAgency

MOEMOE KEIKEI

Decision Making with ConsultationConsultation Results

Effectiveness of EIA

largely promoted by EIA since the mid 1990s

Trend of the portion of park and green areaTrend of the portion of park and green area

YearsNumber of housing

complex park & green area (%)

Area of park & green area per capita (m2)p

development (%) area per capita (m2)

1980s 79 6.1 4.3

1990s 42 12 6 4 81990s 42 12.6 4.8

2000s 23 17.1 9.6

Environment in Northeast Asia

Northeast Asian region :

The eco regions of Northeast Asia have been

- China, DPRK, Japan, Mongolia, ROK and Russia

The eco-regions of Northeast Asia have been experienced significant deterioration of environmental conditions and thus transboundary threats along with rapid economic growth over the past two decadesrapid economic growth over the past two decades.

Significant portions of these problems have beenSignificant portions of these problems have been driven by development projects that either are mismanaged or have transboundary effects, or both.

One crucial solution is the initiation of a TEIA mechanism in the region.

Northeast Asian region

Regional Transboundary EIA System

To date, no such mechanism or otherdi ti f k i t f TEIA i NEAcoordination framework exists for TEIA in NEA

History: transboundary EIA/SEA system in Northeast AsiaNortheast Asia

TumenNET SAP(2002) : emphasized the initiation ( ) pof a transboundary EIA/SEA mechanism to protect biological and water resources in five member

t i f th T NET (b d )countries of the TumenNET (border areas)Based upon MOU on ‘Environmental Principles Governing the Tumen River Economic Development Area and NE Asia’(1995) Need Joint efforts to formulate environmental mitigation and management plan for the region, especially for border areasespecially for border areas

BUT very slow progress so farBUT very slow progress so far

Effort: Transboundary EIA Training ProgramProgram

Initially launched as a follow-up to the TumenNET SAPObj tiObjectives

to promote participants’ understanding of EIA system and on-going developments in participating countriesg g p p p gto provide a forum for an inter-agency and cross-cultural exchange of ideas concerning EIA in a transboundary contextcontextto develop regional Transboundary EIA guidelines and promote standardization of EIA for development projects in the transboundary areas

Organizers gMinistry of Environment, ROKKorea Environment Institute (KEI), ROK

HistoryYear Place Participants Co-organizer & invited

speakersSeoul Russia(6) China(6) UNEP2004 SeoulKorea

Russia(6), China(6), Mongolia(6)

UNEP(invited)

2005 BeijingChina

Russia(4), China(9), Mongolia(6), DPRK(6) SEPA, ACEEChina g ( ), ( )

2006 VladivostokRussia

Russia(15), China(5), Mongolia(6), ROK(5)

MNR RFFELD FSS

Ulaanbaatar R i (3) Chi (4)2007 UlaanbaatarMongolia

Russia(3), China(4), Mongolia(27) MNE, MAIA

2008 GwacheonKorea

China(5), Mongolia(5), Korea(40)

Espoo, GTI, UNESCAP(invited)Korea Korea(40) (invited)

2009 JejuKorea

Russia(6), China(4), Mongolia(3)

Espoo, GTI(Invited)

I h2010 IncheonKorea

Russia(3), Mongolia(6), Japan(2), ROK(10)

Espoo, GTI, Tokyo U., Hokkaido U. (Invited)

2011 VladivostokRussia

Russia(20), Mongolia(3), ROK(5) FEFURussia ROK(5)

2012 SeoulKorea

UNEP, Europe, East Asia(tbc) Espoo

Major assignments for implementing the transboundary EIA/SEA system in NE ASIA: y y

To standardize contents to enable the creation and adoption of regional EIA/SEAcreation and adoption of regional EIA/SEA (Not done)

To develop algorithms for exchanging/comparing information fromexchanging/comparing information from national EIA/SEA (In progress)

To determine the baselines of national capacities to conduct EIA/SEA (In progress)( g )

To formulate permanent transboundary EIA/SEA mechanisms (Not done)

Next plan?

In order to introduce the Transboundary EIA system in NE Asia, we need to make timesystem in NE Asia, we need to make time and effort for making each country to fully understand the need for TEIA.understand the need for TEIA.

Think aboutThink aboutThink aboutThink aboutLif dLif dLife andLife and

the Environmentthe Environment