ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF ARAVALI HILLS

Non-availability of the Master Plan showing the following:

Natural resource assessment Future land use planning Eco-restoration plan to compensate the environmental degradation Economic zoning and siting of industries and housing schemes Plan for rehabilitation of wasteland and salt affected land Rehabilitation programmes of abandoned mines

Identification of mines difficult thus making compliance of the rules and regulations difficult

Air quality in and around mines and crusher units beyond the permissible limits Land degradation in the Aravali Range Loss of vegetation on the hills Poor compliance of the environmental standards and rules No separate charge for eco-restoration under Minor Mineral Rules Inadequate mechanism to upgrade the mining technology Inadequate environmental database making the decision-making process

difficult Lack of willingness on the part of mine/crusher operators to comply the

environmental standards/statute Lack of environmental awareness Open access system on the hills, a major factor for reducing the vegetation Poor involvement of the local community Lack of self employment opportunities, inducing the people towards illegal

mining Little effort to integrate the environmental characteristics with the future

planning Depletion of ground water resources Inadequate programme for rehabilitation of wasteland and salt affected land Lack of water conservation measures and rain water harvesting

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Ministry of Environmnet & Forests, Government of India, vide Gazette Notification dated 7th May, 1992 has prohibited certain developmental and industrial activities on certain lands in Alwar district of Rajasthan and Gurgaon district of Haryana. In the Aravali Hills, a large number of mining activities, operation of stone crushers and pulverisers, deforestation and unplanned construction activities are causing environmental degradation. These mines are usually located in clusters in remote mineral rich districts / areas where living standards is lower and understanding of people towards environmental impacts is also poor. In the past, mine operators took no note of environmental damage. In fact they were not even conscious about it. The attitude of mining community is to ignore the environmental concerns. In majority of the cases, the environmental concerns are ignored for making quick profits. The small mines (< 5 hectares) and the mining of ‘minor minerals’ which are no doubt small individually but have damaging characteristics when in clusters e.g. the mines of granite, marble, slates, quartzite etc. (falling under minor minerals) are no less damaging than the others, especially when the processing is taken into consideration. The mining activities in the region results in disturbance of land surface, altering drainage pattern and land use, besides the pollution problems. This may lead to the following environmental problems:

Air pollution Water Pollution Noise pollution Problems related to solid waste management

With a quest to solve the problem of environmental degradation, this study has been undertaken by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). CPCB entrusted this work to Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (Government of India Enterprise) with the following objectives:

To prepare status report of the pollution problems in the Aravali Hills

To prepare environmental management plan to abate various environmental problems

To prepare action plan for restoration of environmental quality

2. Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Limited, held extensive discussion with various government and non-governmental agencies to understand the problems of environmental degradation in the hill region. In addition, base line data were also generated/collected in terms of the following environmental attributes:

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o Air qualityo Water qualityo Noise levelo Land use patterno Socio-economic profile of the districto Data on ecology of the area

For preparation of thematic maps, data from various agencies were obtained. For assessing the land use pattern of the area, remote sensing data from National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad were taken. This data pertains to 5th April, 2001.

3. Environmental Problems

The CMPDI & CPCB made several visits to the District and held extensive discussions with mine/ crusher unit operators, State and Central Government officials. Based on the study and discussions, the environmental problems in the Aravali Range in the district have been identified and remedial measures including the pollution control guidelines and action plan for various stakeholders have been suggested. The following are the environmental problems identified in the Aravali Hills in the district:

Vide Gazette Notification of Ministry of Environment & Forests dated 7th May, 1992, Government of India has restricted various developmental and industrial activities in Alwar district. For environmental clearance of the projects, project proponent has to submit Environmental Statement Report along with Environmental Management Plan.

In large-scale mining projects, the applicant is asked to submit detailed mine plans on mining and processing methods, the technology being used, the financing plan and the environmental management plan (including reclamation) and the training and local benefits envisaged but what it still require is a proposal on district level as to what will be mined, how it will be mined and with what method, how the financing will be arranged, what are the areas of environmental concerns (keeping in view the regional character) which need to be addressed by the entrepreneur. This does not seem to be adequately addressed keeping in view the environmental degradation of the Aravali Hills.

The Aravalli Notification restricts process and operations under certain categories of the land in the district. Though the records of such lands are available at every village level map, there is no record available in the district level in respect of these areas to undertake realistic appraisal & effective monitoring of mining and other projects at the macro level on such lands.

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Vide Gazette Notification of Ministry of Environment & Forests dated 29th November, 1999, Government of India has interalia made provision for preparing the Master Plan integrating the environmental concerns and the future land use of the area. The Master Plan of the Alwar District covering the following parameters which are required to promote environmentally benign mining and other operations, has so far not been prepared:

Land use planning: clearly specifying the areas for overburden dumps, waste material stocking sites, area earmarked for plantation alongwith the species, site for CETP and common bio-medical waste management facilities, hazardous waste dumping sites etc.

Economic zoning and siting of industries based on categorization of industries with reference to their pollution potential from A to H category

Natural Resource Assessment Water Resource Status Landscaping Indicating the proposed eco-restoration plan to compensate the

environmental degradation District Level Plan showing the restricted areas as per Aravali

Notification, 1992 Planning for the rehabilitation of waste land and salt affected

land Rehabilitation programme for the abandoned mine areas either

to convert these to water reservoirs and eco-parks or reclamation by rural waste, urban waste or fly ash.

Though the air quality on the regional basis shows the parameters within the specified limits, the areas near crushing zone and active mining zone remains a matter of concern. In the mining and the crusher areas, the concerted efforts have not been given to the quality of roads and the dust suppression measures to maintain the air quality within safe limits.

A number of crusher plants are operating in the district. In most of the units, environmental pollution control measures are inadequate. Wind breaking walls are not proper; pollution control devices are not operating and the green belt around the crushing zones are not maintained.

The identification of mines in the district is difficult. It is not possible for the regulators to immediately identify the mine, which is defaulter in respect of pollution control.

There does not seem to be a mechanism to upgrade the mining technologies and methodologies to minimize the impacts due to mining in the district. Also, there seems to be inadequate effort to

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undertake environmental projects in the district with sufficient start-up fund.

There does not seem to be a mechanism to ascertain that the mining method proposed for a particular project will result in optimum exploitation of the resource and that there is competency in mining and environmental management. There is no identified land where over burden could be temporarily dumped prior to being utilized for void filling and for other purposes.

There is inadequate data in respect of environmental quality in the area. Since the area encompasses various mines and industries, sharing of financial burden for generating these data on strategic locations is practically absent. This not only poses the problem in effective compliance of the specified standards but also in creation of the database for future planning in the district, as substantial industrial growth is anticipated here in the near future.

Inadequate knowledge & will, on the part of mine and industrial operators, is one of the key factors in environmental damage caused in the district. Because of the lack of knowledge of how to exploit the resource, maintain standards, the environmental degradation takes place. Also, there is no willingness on the part of the mine operators / owner of the crusher units for environmental improvement in and around mine/processing plant sites. Since the environmental degradation has already occurred in many places, it is imperative on the part of the State Government to carry out, and pay, for the eco-restoration without necessarily closing the mining and other industrial operations at such places. At these places in the mining and industrial areas, government may take steps for environmental upgradation and recompense for these expenses through a garnishee of income from future activities, thus making the polluter pay, but on an incremental basis and without affecting the continuation of the operation. There does not seem to be a mechanism for the above. Besides, there also does not seem to be frequent consultation of the mine and industrial operators with the State Pollution Control Board to take steps, whatever and whenever required, for environmental betterment in the district.

In most of the areas in the Aravali Range, there exists open access system of the plant resources available which is used for fodder and fuel. As is evident from Figure-4.1 (in Chapter-IV), community controlled regulated access system, required for sustainable common land system in the Aravali Range, is inadequate.

There is growing consumption of chemical fertilizers in the region, which due to high ground water level in the southern part of the district, may further increase the salinity. Besides, since the fuel

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availability is lesser, there is increased dependence on the forests for fuel. This has also led to reduction in forest cover in the district.

The pace of the afforestation programme in the district need to be speeded up. In the afforestation programme, unless due care is taken about the need of the people, the programme may not be successful. The pace of the social forestry programme, therefore, also need to be speeded up.

There is need to consider the participation of people and specially the women folk for the environmental programmes being executed in the district. There does not seem to be adequate awareness amongst the people in respect of the environmental problems, which exist in the Aravali hills, the efforts that they can take to minimise the damage to environment. The self-employment opportunities are lesser which induces the locals to illegal mining.

Due to its proximity to Delhi and the infrastructural facilities the district has, there is further potential for growth in industrial and housing sectors in the district. So far little effort seems to have been made to integrate the planning process with the environmental quality of the district.

Considerable portion of soil has become saline due to various factors. Little effort has been made to rehabilitate the saline land. Unless proper efforts are taken to control, it may render considerable portion of land into wasteland.

In some part of the district, the ground water potential is already in the dark category. Lack of water conservation measures and rainwater harvesting may ultimately lead to water scarcity in the near future.

4. Recommendations for Eco-Restoration

Based on the environmental problems identified, the following actions are recommended for the eco-restoration in the Aravali Range in the district:

State Government of Rajasthan: Eco-restroration programmes may be chalked out by State Government of Rajasthan in consultation with various government departments and the same should be carried out in phases. Central Pollution Control Board also needs to participate in such exercises and provide technical support for the purpose.

It is also imperative on the part of State Government to improve inter-departmental co-ordination among various government departments to achieve the common objective i.e. ecological restoration of Aravali Hills in the district.

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The state government should also monitor the progress in eco-restoration efforts through satellite imagery at an interval of say 2 years. CPCBshould also provide technical guidance to the State government in this matter.

District Administration: need to take up following actions for eco-upgradation of the Aravali Hills:

Identify the areas where illegal mining is being carried out and immediately take legal action against such mines. All the mining and stone crushers should be asked to display signboard giving all the relevant information regarding their lease. The boundary line of the lease area of such units should be clearly demarcated.

Initiate action to issue to the concerned institutions to prepare & issue Master Plan showing developmental plan of the district integrating environmental concerns. The future land use pattern and the land-scaping should be finalized and the Master Plan should interlia exhibit the same. The Master Plan must interalia address the following issues:

i. Land use planning clearly specifying the areas for overburden dumps, waste materials stocking sites, area earmarked for plantation along with the species, site for common effluent treatment plant (CETP) and common Bio-medical Waste Management facilities, hazardous waste dumping site and the sites for residential colonies.

ii. The master plan should also indicate the proposed eco-restoration plan to compensate the environmental degradation by the proposed activities in the master plan.

iii. Economic zoning and categorization of industries with reference to their pollution potential from A to H category. Master Plan should clearly indicate the categories of industries allowed in a particular industrial area.

iv. Natural Resource Assessment v. The areas proposed for the industrial area, mining area and stone

crushing zone should be clearly indicated in the districts level maps.

vi. Plan for the rehabilitation of the wasteland and salt affected areas.vii. Rehabilitation programmes for the abandoned mines areas either

to convert these to water reservoirs and eco-parks or reclamation by filling by rural waste, urban waste or fly ash. The Master Plan should be detailed to show the areas where overburden could be dumped, areas where waste material could be stocked, areas where plantation could be carried out, type of plant species etc. Master Plan should interlia clearly specify the areas where mining may be permitted along with the measures required for eco-upgradation.

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Initiate action to prepare and issue a GIS based district level map showing the areas, which are restricted (thus requiring protection measures) as per the Aravali Notification, 1992.

Initiate soil conservation measures in the salt affected areas for rehabilitation of these lands. This could be achieved through watershed planning of the district.

Providing greater opportunities for alternative employment in the district. This should lessen the dependence on the hills and the forest produce, thus helping in conservation of natural resources. Help of local reputed NGOs may also be sought for the purpose.

For any successful programme, participation of indigenous people is essential. For eco-restoration of the Aravali hills also, participation of local community need to be ensured. In addition, efforts should be there to increase awareness among the local community regarding the need for protection of environment in the district. Help of reputed local NGOs may be taken for this purpose.

Efforts should be made to shift the attitude of local community for rearing cows, buffaloes etc. in lieu of goats and sheep. This will increase the biomass generation, increasing fertility of the soil and the productivity of the lands in the district. Regulated access of the common land in the district should be ensured to protect the natural resources in the district.

The developmental planning in the district should not be carried out in isolation. All the planning should interalia include impact of plans on the other environmental aspects in the district. Thus, there should be integrated planning covering all the departments in the district to foster the eco-restoration in the district e.g. planning for the afforestation should not only be aimed at enhancing the greeneries on the hills but due consideration should be also be given to increase the biomass production, availability of fuel and fodder and conservation of the soil in the district.

Action to be immediately started for rehabilitation of common lands in the region. These lands should be developed to provide support in respect of fuel and fodder. This will reduce the biotic pressure on the hills.

The mines where substantial amount of ground water is being discharged on continuous basis leading to depression of ground water table, are recommended to stop the mining operations, with a view to preserve the ground water resources.

Efforts need to be stared immediately for reclamation of salt affected land. In addition, efforts are also required to be expedited for vegetation of barren rocky land and the gullied land.

Rehabilitation of degraded lands needs in the form of abandoned mine pits to be taken at the earliest. The following possibility may be explored for the purpose in the decreasing order priority:

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Rural waste

Urban waste

Fly ash from thermal power plants

For this purpose, a survey may be undertaken to identify the bio-waste from rural areas, which could be used for filling the voids created due to mining operations. However, urban and semi-urban solid waste may also be considered for the purpose, which may include construction waste, and other solid waste, which are free from plastic, and other harmful substances. An option of fly ash disposal may also be considered for rehabilitation of mine voids and low lands. The degraded land sites can also be developed as water parks.

Department of Mines & Geology: Department of Mines & Geology, Government of Rajasthan should take the following measures to streamline the mining activities in the region so that the mining and allied operations are in consonance with the designated land use planning of the district:

Integrate the provision for approval of mine plan along with grant of mine lease. The mine plan should be in consonance with the designated land use pattern / landscaping of the area.

There should be frequent inspections of the mining operations to ensure that these are in line with the requirement for sustainable development in the district. These inspections may be carried out at an interval of say 3 months. The mine operations, mine closure and decommissioning should be in consonance with the designated land use pattern and the landscaping.

There should be continual source of revenue from the mining operations to the fund, recommended to be created, for the eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills. This cost may be internalised into the cost of production.

State Pollution Control Board: The following actions are required on the part of the State Pollution Control Board to ensure sustainable mining and industrial operations in the district:

Prepare inventory of the environmental upgradation measures undertaken by all the mining and other industrial operation in the hill region.

Specify the additional measures, if any, required for achieving environmentally compatible conditions.

Verify at an interval of six months whether the environmental protection measures are in existence and operating. The mining and industry units found violating the rules and consent conditions after one year of such monitoring, should be closed down.

Monitor the pollutant concentration at critical location in the hills to see the trend of the environmental status.

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In order to carry out assessment and other tasks, Regional Office may need additional staffing, budget, vehicle and equipment support, which may be assessed and accordingly provided by the State Environment Department.

Conduct awareness programme to the local community and the entrepreneurs. Periodic discussion with entrepreneurs is also required for environmental betterment.

State Forest Department: The following actions are required from the State Forests Department for eco-restoration in the area:

Prepare afforestation plan for the eco-restoration. Identify the areas for plantation, type of plantation and no. of saplings to be planted. For this purpose due consideration should be given to increase the biomass, availability of fuel and fodder and rehabilitation of barren rocky land and gullied land.

Ensure regulated access to the common lands with the help of villagePanchayat.

Ensure maintenance of the areas where afforestation has been carried out with the help of local community.

Department of Agriculture: The following actions are required on the part of State Department of Agriculture:

Rehabilitation of the salt affected land. This should be done in close co-ordination of the Regional Office of the CGWB.

Development of the pasture lands Rehabilitation of the barren rocky and gullied land Improve soil conservation measures in the district

Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India: The following actions are required from MoEF side for environmental protection / upgradation in the area;

Ministry of Environment & Forests should take initiative to appoint a central agency to monitor the eco-restoration efforts in the hills and providing technical thrust to the efforts. CPCB may be one such agency to oversee the programmes of environmental upgradation. A Task Force may be constituted with CPCB or any such agency to act as nodal agency and the officers from the following departments to be as members:

Regional Office of State Pollution Control Board Forest Department District Administration Department of Mining & Geology Irrigation Department Regional Office of CGWB

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Agriculture Department District Industry Department Officials from Sariska National Park

It is recommended that MoEF should include representative from Central Ground Water Board in the Expert Committee and Monitoring Committee to examine the proposals and monitor the project with a view to have least disturbance to ground water due to mining and other projects in the hill region.

CPCB should also participate in Expert Committee meetings and Monitoring Committee meeting.

Central Ground Water Board: The Regional Office of Central Ground Water Board has done commendable work in assessing the ground water potential of the district. They have also recognized the areas where occurrence of ground water is in dark category. It is suggested that Regional Office of CGWB should monitor the ground water level at strategic locations in the district and carry out the trend analysis. This will guide the further industrial activities in the district, which affect the ground water level.

Central Pollution Control Board: The following actions, on the part of Central Pollution Control Board, are recommended:

It should monitor the status of environmental up gradation: with the help of satellite data at an interval of say 2 years. The environmental ingredients to be monitored may be:

Increase in vegetation Status of salt affected land Status of degraded land

Take up further studies in the Aravali Range: In the areas where the concentration of mining and allied activities are more, further studies should be undertaken to have environmental status of such areas and preparing action plan for eco-restoration.

5. Search for Sustainable Development of the Aravali Region

Though the aforesaid recommendations have been drawn for the industries existing in the Aravali range, any future effort in respect of search for sustainable development in the Aravali Range should broadly take into consideration resource potential in the region, the demand of the products and the supply options. Though the demand for the niche products existing in the Aravali Range which is one of the oldest mountain ranges in India will continue to grow, the supply options need to be given a closer look due to eco-sensitivity of the region. The environmental cost needs to be internalised in the cost of the product and there is need to limit the supply options. The Aravali range has been reported to prevent the desert from spreading into Indo-Gangetic plains. So, all the future planning should not only concentrate to meet the ever growing demand of the

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products but due consideration should also be given to protect the chain. All the developmental activities should therefore be planned in a coherent manner and there should be integrated approach for sustainable development in the Aravali Region. The major actions to be taken by various agencies are shown in Figure-8.1 in Chapter-VIII.

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CHAPTER-IINTRODUCTION

1. Historical Background

The erstwhile state of Alwar, in north-eastern Rajasthan, is possibly the oldest kingdom in kingdom-studded Rajasthan. In 1500 BC it formed part of the Matsya territories of Viratnagar (present-day Bairat), which also encompassed Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli. History becomes inextricably bound with mythology, as it was here in the ancient kingdom of Matsya that the Kauravas embarked on the cattle-rustling mission, which precipitated the war between them and their kinsfolk, the Pandavas. This battle forms the basis of the Mahabharata. The city of Alwar is believed to have founded by a member of the Kachh family who hailed from Amber, but control was wrested from the Kachhwahas of Nikumbhas. They, in turn, lost the city to Bada Gurjara Rajputs of Machari. It passed to the Khanzadas, under Bah Nahara of Mewat, who converted from Hinduism to Islam to win the favour of Emperor Tughlaq of Delhi.

Descendants of Bahadura Nahara defended the Alwar fort against the Mus in 1427. Alwar's fortunes were inextricably bound with those of Mewat, which was contiguous with Delhi. As Alwar was located on the strategic south-western tier of Delhi, this of course rankled with Mughals, who mounted numerous military forays into the region, only conquering after great difficulty. Alwar was later granted to Sawai Jai Singh of Jaipur by Aurangzeb only to be retaken when the emperor visited the city and noted the great strategical virtue of its fortress. The Jats of Bharatpur then threw their hat into the ring, briefly overrunning the region, and installing themselves in the Alwar fort. They were evicted by the Lalawat Narukas (descendants of the Kachhwaha prince of Amber, Naru) between 1775 and 1782 under the leadership of the Naruka Thakur (noble) Pratap Singh. His descendants were great patrons of the arts, commissioning the transcription of numerous sacred and scholarly texts and encouraging painters and artisans to visit the Alwar court. In 1803, the British invested the Alwar thakur with the title of maharaja as thanks for their support in a battle against the Marathas. This friendly alliance was short-lived, however, with the maharaja of Alwar strongly resenting British interference in governance when a British Resident was installed in the city. Following independence, Alwar was merged with the other princely states of Bharatpur, Karauli and Dholpur, forming the United State of Matsya, a name which reflected the fact that those states all comprised the ancient Matsya kingdom. In 1949, Matsya was merged with the state of Rajasthan.

1.1 Environmental Background

The Aravali range stretches about 615 kms from south-west Gujrat through Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi. It covers an area of about 50,000 sq kms and acts as a barrier against advancement of desert to the east, thereby protecting the indo-gangetic plains. At the time of independence, the Aravali Hills were densely forested and rich in wildlife. Due to excessive felling of trees to meet the increasing demand for fuel, fodder and construction

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industry as well as extensive mining to meet the industrial demand for minerals, the eco-system of the region has come under severe stress. This has resulted in extensive soil erosion, loss of topsoil, silting up of river channels and reservoirs, reduced land fertility and lowering of the ground water table. The unprecedented deforestation has reportedly resulted in decline in monsoon rains from 101 days in 1973 to only 55 days in 1987. The entire Aravali Range has become ecologically sensitive and critically fragile.

Aravalli Hills, hill system, North India, stretching 350 mi (560 km) through Rajasthan state is divided into the Sambhar-Sirohi and the Sambhar-Khetri ranges. The hills contain a variety of minerals, including large amounts of quartzite. Most of the hills are 1,000 to 3,000 ft (300 to 900 m) in height and from 6 to 60 mi (10 to 100 km) in width. The peak of Guru Sikhar on Mount Abu, which is 5,645 ft (1,720 m) in height, is the highest of the range.

The Aravallis, most distinctive and ancient mountain chain of peninsular India, mark the site of one of the oldest geological formations in the world. Heavily eroded and with exposed outcrops of slate rock and granite, it has summits reaching 4850 feet above sea level. It bisects the State of Rajasthan.

The Aravalli range, stretching from Palanpur in Gujarat to Delhi, divides Rajasthan into three distinct climatic regions. The Udaipur zone of the range is estimated to be around 300 million years old. It is, therefore, not surprising that the range is a unique amphitheatre of biological diversity. But with the man-animal conflict on the increase, it is feared that the spectacular biodiversity of the Aravallis may be totally lost by the mid 21st century.

Due to its geographical location, the range harbours a mix of Saharan, Ethiopian, peninsular, oriental and even Malayan elements of flora and fauna. However, very few studies have been carried out on the ecology of this mountain system.

In the early part of this century, the Aravallis were well wooded. Today, the changes in the environment at Aravallis are severe.

The foothills of the Aravallis on the west fall in the rain shadow of the 1,721-metre-high hill Guru Shikar and a number of dry deciduous desert plants like babool have overgrown the land. On the eastern rain-fed foothills, the vegetation is typical of sub-humid climate: date palm and other trees. In the higher altitudes the vegetation is mesic: mostly sagwan and sheesham. The bushes are dominated by karonda and thor.

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Though we find a number of tree species in the hills, timber quality trees have almost disappeared. Hillock after hillock used to be covered by bamboo. Today, bamboo clumps survive only near temples or forest outposts.

However, distribution of wildlife was not restricted to regions as in the case of vegetation. The lion, which is presently restricted to the Sason Gir sanctuary of Gujarat, was found on the southwestern foothills of Aravallis. But after the killing of two lionesses at Anadra in 1862, these majestic beasts have not been spotted in the region.

The tiger, panther, leopard and sloth bear were very common, too. Middle sized carnivores like the jungle cat, civet, carcal, wolf, jackal and mongoose were found in abundance. Herbivorous large mammals like the wild boar, sambhar and spotted deer were plentiful. The chinkara, black buck and the blue bull were found in the foothills. The jungle fowl was the pride of Abu hill.

Today the region presents a vastly different scenario. Tigers, medium sized carnivores and the herbivores have all vanished. Panthers are invading villages for food. The remaining population of sloth bears is thriving on lantana berries. The only species untouched is the primates, which are protected by religious sentiment.

The British had promulgated a legislation — Abu Wildlife Protection Act in 1889 — which was followed till the Raj existed. Thereafter, the common man took to indiscriminate felling of trees and killing of wild animals, firstly for food and then for trade. Wildlife can sustain regulated shikar but certainly not wanton killing for trade.

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The main Aravalli range has become a prime tourist centre for Gujarat and Rajasthan. As a consequence, hotels have sprung up everywhere. All the wild fruit like figs, jamun, mango and date, are harvested for selling to the tourists. Man has usurped the natural food of wild animals. Agriculture has reached the highest altitude of the hills. The native habitat has shrunk. Grazing by livestock is rampant and there is very little shelter for wild animals. In spite of the fact that three wildlife sanctuaries and five closed areas have been declared, there is heavy biotic pressure on the main Aravalli range.

With the human population on the increase, their demand from the forest has correspondingly gone up. Some serious thinking and implementation of laws has to be undertaken if the ecology of the Aravalli mountain system is to be saved.

Many representations were received by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India about the mounting ecological problems in the Aravali Region. It was also noted that the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and the Punjab land Preservation Act, 1900 were being violated. The matter was taken up with the states of Haryana and Rajasthan and subsequently in the year 1990, a writ petition was filed in the Supreme Court to take suitable corrective action. In order to save the threatened eco-system in the Gurgaon district of Haryana and Alwar district of Rajasthan, a draft notification under the provisions of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was issued with the objective of regulating certain selected activities. The notification [under section 3(1) and 3(2) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and rule 5(3) (d) of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986] was gazetted on 7th May, 1992. This is appended as Annexure-I in this report.

1.2 Constitution of the Appraisal Committee

To implement the Aravalli Notification, 1992, detailed discussions were held with the state authorities. It was recommended that an Environmental Appraisal Committee of experts be constituted by MoEF to examine developmental proposals. Accordingly, a Committee was constituted in December, 1992 under the Chairmanship of Dr Ms. Kamala Chowdhary to deal with the stated activities and objectives of the 7th May, 1992 notification.

1.3 Supreme Court Directives

Acting on a writ petition filed by Tarun Bharat Sangh (Alwar) in 1991, the Hon’ble Supreme Court delivered a judgment on April 8, 1993, ordering:

That mining activities within the protected forests of Sariska Tiger Reserve should be stopped forthwith.

That mining activities in the mines situated outside the protected forest area but within the boundaries of the Tiger Reserve may continue for a period of four months. The concerned mine owners should approach Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India for permission and if no permission is obtained within the said period, the mining activities in the entire area declared as Tiger Reserve will stop on the expiry of four months granted by the Supreme Court.

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Hon’ble Supreme Court had also directed the Ministry of environment & Forests to consider the petitions submitted by Rajasthan Government to the Justice M.L. Jain Committee for utilisation of the forest land for continuance of the mining operations and submit a report to the Supreme Court within three months.

Subsequently, the Hon’ble Supreme Court extended the time limit prescribed earlier to 31st

October, 1993, making it clear that the Union of India shall pass orders within a period of three months i.e. by 5th November, 1993.

Pursuant to the orders of the Hon’ble Supreme Court, the Minstry of Environment & Forests decided that cases covered by this order would also be considered by the Appraisal Committee of Experts already constituted by the Ministry.

As a result of the Hon’ble Supreme Court’s decision, the Department of Mines, Government of Rajasthan, submitted a proposal to the Union Ministry of Environment and forests in respect of 180 marble leases in six clusters located outside the protected forests but within the tiger Reserve on 1st June, 1993. The Rajasthan authorities also clarified that as the individual leasees may not have access to the detailed data required under the Gazette Notification dated 7th May, 1992, detailed maps and applications have been compiled by the State Government itself.

The Ministry of Environment and Forests examined the data furnished by the state of Rajasthan for the above proposal. No Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report was prepared by the State, which could lead to the formulation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Subsequently, the State Government was requested to furnish the requisite EIA report along with an EMP and other missing data as specified in the Notification dated 7th

May, 1992.

An EIA report was prepared by the Zila Khanij Udyog Sangh (Alwar) for 115 of the leases, out of which 30 mines are within the protected forests, 70 are outside the protected forest and 15 are partially within the protected forest of Sariska Tiger Reserve. This was submitted to the Ministry in the third week of July, 1993. A few individual applications were also received.

Consideration of the Proposals and Evaluation of the EIA

The EIA alongwith the data furnished by the leasees and the State authorities, was first considered by the Appraisal Committee on 29th July, 1993. Both the Rajashan Government and Zila Khanij Udyog Sangh (Alwar) made presentations. The Committee felt it necessary to make a field visit to the mining areas in Sariska in order to gain a better understanding of the situation. A sub-Committee comprising of experts on mining, conservation and socio-economic issues was constituted.

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Field Visits

The Sub-Committee made an intensive site inspection on the 17th and 18th August, 1993. The Committee not only visited the mine sites but also had discussions with the mine owners, workers and local villagers. Discussions were also held with Tarun Bharat Sangh (Alwar). The following observations were made during the field visits:

The mining areas were found be severely degraded and unplanned mining has left the areas covered with deep pits and overburden dumps.

The blasting resorted to by the miners renders more than 60-70% of the marble reserve of little value.

The majority of mine leases in this area are 100mx100m. The small size of the leases has inevitably led to outdated pick and shovel technology, which is wasteful and devoid of safety considerations.

Dumping of waste material is unplanned. Cases were found of waste being dumped much beyond the lease boundaries and some times on common land as well as on other persons land.

The mining activity has provided some employment to the local villagers. Minimum wages, however, to women workers were more often not paid. Also, no attention was paid to safety, accident compensation and other welfare for the workers.

Mining activities including blasting, operation of machinery, movement of trucks and labour was found to be detrimental to the flora and fauna of this ecologically sensitive area.

The full cost of mining does not seem to have been taken into account, namely the cost of disappearing forests, degraded grazing and agricultural lands and the health and well being of the people.

The Sub-Committee felt it was imperative to arrest and reverse the ecological damage caused.

Issues for addressal

After the field visit, the Committee decided that the continuation or otherwise of mining in Sariska should be viewed against the following criteria:

Whether these mining activities are in conformity with existing mining policies and long-term environmental conservation.

Whether mining activities is compatible within Sariska Tiger Reserve. Whether mining activities contributes to the welfare of the local community or

further impoverishes them due to environmental degradation.

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Options

Several option were considered by the Committee including the following:

Continuation of mining but with emphasis on comprehensive rehabilitation of mining areas including improved management plans and improved technology.

Mining activities to be continued until lease expiry. No renewal of lease and no new mining lease to be given to safeguard the integrity and future of Tiger Reserve.

Mining blocks on the periphery of core boundary to be closed except the one which is away from the core area.

Mining activity to be stopped in the Sariska Tiger Reserve.

The Committee was of opinion that the EIA and EMP submitted by the mine owners did not deal adequately with management plans, including waste disposal, overburden dumping, mine working, green belt development and rehabilitation of mined areas. Additional facts and figures were requested from the mine owners.

On 11th October, 1993, the Government of Rajasthan along-with Zila Khanij Udyog Sangh and their consultant presented the additional information to the Committee.

After detailed discussion between Expert Members, the State Pollution Control Board and other agencies, the Committee came to the conclusion that the data in EIA and EMP as furnished by the mine owners is still inadequate in the following areas:

Critical gaps in the data on mining reserves, delineation of mineral deposits, methodology of determining the mineable reserves.

Evaluation of ambient air quality in the area along-with the noise level. Inadequacy of methodology in sampling and prediction models to determine the

quality of air. Inadequate data with respect to impact of mining on water environment. Absence of details regarding management of overburdens and reject dumps: Lack of

action plans for restoration of mined areas with reference to top soil management, creation of green belt etc.

Socio-economic issues pertaining to the mine workers and local community were not adequately addressed.

Discussions with the consultant and the mine owners also brought out the fact that their proposed EMP was not supported by realistic data and time phased action plans for reclamation and rehabilitation of the area. The proposed solutions for waste management were not considered viable.

The Committee unanimously concluded that the mining operations in Sariska Tiger Reserve have resulted in excessive environmental degradation and the proposed EMP was unlikely to remedy the situation. The Committee further concluded that mining activity is not

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compatible within Sariska Tiger Reserve and does not adequately contribute to the welfare of the people.

Alternative Sustainable Employment

The Committee considered the following suggestions for providing employment to the local mine workers rendered jobless due to the closure of mines:

Employment of workers in afforestation and rehabilitation of degraded land and involvement of eco-development programmes in and around Sariska Tiger Reserve.

Involvement of workers in rehabilitation of the closed mines through projects formulated to restore the area.

NGO scheme such as water harvesting systems, dairy projects etc. should be supported and encouraged in the area. This will be another source of employment.

Mine owners may be considered for granting alternative leases.

Recommendations

The Committee noted the serious environmental degradation arising out of mining operations in Sariska Tiger Reserve. Its affects go much beyond the boundaries of the leaseholds not merely on the adjoining forests but also on agricultural lands beyond the mine areas. The Committee also noted that the present Policy of the Government of Rajasthan in not conducive to the mining operations being conducted in an environmentally compatible manner. The Committee unanimously made the following recommendations:

All mining activities outside the protected forest are but within the Tiger Reserve should be stopped with immediate effect.

Although mining activities within the protected forest are in under consideration of the Forest Advisory Committee for diversion of Forest Land, this Committee recommends that mining should not be allowed in this area.

Mine owners affected by closure of mines in the Sariska Tiger Reserve may be considered for grant of leases outside ecologically sensitive area.

A corpus fund should be created with contributions from the Union and the State Governments as well as the lessees to provide relief in the interim period to the local mine workers made jobless.

Sustainable employment should be provided for those rendered jobless because of closure of mines through:

o The eco-development schemes of the government,o Voluntary agencies should be provided funds through schemes such as

wasteland development. A monitoring Committee with involvement of NGOs and participation of village

communities be constituted to oversee the relief and rehabilitation work. The Rajasthan Government needs to review its policies regarding mining leases so

that with better technology and better managed mining can be carried out without seriously damaging the supportive resources of the rural communities. The

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Rajasthan Government should also assess the real environmental costs of mining and take more seriously its monitoring role.

Genesis

Protection of Environment from the degradation caused by industrial development is the present watchword for the survival of the human civilization. The World environment Conference of June, 1992 at Rio-de-Janeiro underlined the commitment of the Governments throughout the world and reinforced the need of immediate action plan to protect the environment for future generation. It is also recognized that mineral mining and processing certainly contribute to the national and global environmental problems and there is need to protect the biodiversity of the world.

Broadly speaking, Berlin Guidelines (Mining & Environment) suggested (as adopted in Harare Conference):

………..sustainable mining activities require good environmental stewardship in all activities, from exploration and processing to decommissioning and reclamation. It acknowledges the importance of integrating environmental and economic considerations in the decision making process and the fact that the mineral deposits are unique in their occurrence. It recognizes the importance of mining to the social, economic and material needs of society, in particular for the developing countries.

“Sustainable mining under appropriate environmental guidelines is based on interaction between industry, governments, non-governmental organizations and the public, directed towards optimizing economic development while minimizing environmental degradation. The need for such guidelines is recognised by industry, governments and internationalagencies. It is also recognized that the political will of the governments, together with commitment of industry management and of the community, are the essential conditions needed to enforce environmental legislation and more importantly to ensure compliance with all the applicable laws for the protection of the environment, employees and the public”.

The United Nations organized “Inter-regional Seminar on Guidelines for the Development of small and medium scale mining” held in February, 1993 at Harare, Zimbabwe recommended the following under the Environmental Section.

IX. Government and their agencies should take into account the “Berlin Guidelines” and have a responsibility to:

d. Make the small and medium scale mining sector aware of their potential to cause environmental damage and their responsibility to minimize it;

e. Ensure effective local monitoring and control systems;f. Encourage the development and use of Environmental Friendly Technologies.

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Activities in Aravali Ranges

In the Aravali Hills, a large number of mining activities, operation of stone crushers and pulverizes, deforestation and unplanned construction activities are causing environmental degradation. These mines are usually located in clusters in remote mineral rich districts / areas where living standards is lower and understanding of people towards environmental impacts is also poor. In the past, mine operators took no note of environmental damage. In fact they were not even conscious about it. The attitude of mining community is to ignore the environmental concerns. In majority of the cases, the environmental concerns are ignored for making quick profits. The small mines (< 5 hectares) and the mining of ‘minor minerals’ which are no doubt small individually but have damaging characteristics when in clusters e.g. the mines of granite, marble, slates, quartzite etc. (falling under minor minerals) are no less damaging than the others, especially when the processing is taken into consideration. The mining activities in the region results in disturbance of land surface, alerting drainage pattern and land use besides the pollution problems. This may lead to the following environmental problems:

1.5.1 Air Pollution

The air pollution is generated in the mines mainly by the mining operations like drilling, blasting, moving of heavy earth moving machineries (HEMMs) on haul roads, collection, transportation and handing of minerals, screening, sizing and segregation units etc. The main air pollutants in the mining areas is particulate matter especially Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM). However, SO2, NOx are also existing due to vehicular emissions, DG sets exhaust, domestic use of fuels etc. High level of suspended particulate matter is attributed to increase in respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma cases.

1.5.2 Water Pollution

The major sources of water pollution in the mines area are the carryover of the suspended solids (overburden dumps) in the drainage system to the mine sump water and storm water drainage.

1.5.3 Noise Pollution

The main sources of noise pollution are blasting, movement of HEMMs, drilling and mineral processing plant.

1.5.4 Solid Waste

The main sources of solid waste in the mining area is the overburden.

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The other environmental problems associated with the mining activities are:

Overburden management Air pollution caused by pulverisers Land degradation during mining activity and its reclamation Deforestation during mining activity and compensatory afforestation

The other activities causing environmental degradation in the Aravali Hills in the state of Haryana and Rajasthan are stone crushers, unplanned construction activities, unattended excavated mine pits, disturbance in the underground aquifers, disturbance of flora and fauna, social environment, topography etc.

This project is initiated with a quest to meet the objectives as given in the next section in this chapter to protect the environmental degradation of the Aravali Hills. Central Mine Planning & Design Institute (CMPDI) Limited, a subsidiary of Coal India Limited (a Government of India Enterprise) was appointed as consultant for this project by Central Pollution Control Board, vide letter No. B-31011/68/2000/PCI-II/20054 dated 15th

November, 2000.

1.5.5 Objectives

This project has been undertaken with the following objectives:

To prepare status report of the pollution problems in the Aravali Hills To prepare environmental management plan to abate various environmental

problems To prepare action plan for restoration of environmental quality

1.6 Scope of Work

Aravali ranges in the Gurgaon district in Haryana alongwith Alwar district of Rajasthan have been notified (may 1992) as ecologically sensitive areas, therefore in-depth study of the area is essential. This document will be prepared by collecting information through questionnaire, State Boards, industrial units and field studies. Data from other governmental agencies will also be obtained. Following is the scope of work of this project:

1.6.1 Base Line Data Generation

o Preparation of land cover map which include physiography, geology, drainage pattern, water bodies, soil and vegetation cover

o The information on land use pattern would be collected from published data, state official s and by actual field studies

o Micro-meteorological data would be collected from the nearest IMD station for impact assessment on environment due to mining and other industrial activities as

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this is a regional studies covering Alwar district of Rajasthan and Gurgaon district in Haryana in the Aravali region.

o Data on present ambient air quality, water quality from wells, flowing streams (if any) and ponds etc. Soil quality and noise level would be collected through monitoring stations on an area network in the study area. Demographic and socio-economic details would be collected through studies by scrutiny of the published documents and field survey. Terrestrial ecological data including meteorological data of the area would be collected from government departments.

1.6.2 In-depth Study

This includes the following:

o In-depth study into the process, technology used and other environmental aspects have to be conducted for mining and other industrial activities.

o Assessment of pollution generation by mining and other industrial activities.o Study of reuse and recovery of the wastes.

1.6.3 Literature Survey

The literature survey includes the following:

o Related literature on the field from India and other developed countries will be compiled

o The best feasible technology for mining and other industrial activities in the area will be identified

o The pollution prevention and control technology prevalent in the area and the clean technology to be identified.

1.6.4 Environmental Impact Assessment

Based on the data generated, the impact on environment due to the industrial activities and mining will be assessed. The environmental impacts of the cluster of the proposed mines and processing units, under the present environmental scenario will be addressed separately.

1.6.5 Environmental Management Plan

Based on the findings, the environmental management plan will be prepared.

1.6.6 Guidelines for Pollution Prevention

The guidelines for pollution prevention comprises of the following:

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o Guidelines for pollution prevention for the mine operations and the allied activities will be prepared.

o These guidelines will include long term and short-term afforestation guidelines and programmes.

1.6.7 Preparation of Action Plan

o Short term and long term action plan for the restoration of environmental quality of the area to be prepared separately.

o The action plan will be prepared in such a way that it should be a guiding tool also in the hands of the state pollution control boards and government agencies for enforcement of the environmental laws for the restoration of environmental quality of the area.

1.6.8 Laboratory Facilities and Monitoring Frequency Required by the Mines and Other Industries

o Details of the laboratory facilities required by the mines and other industries to conduct monitoring to assess the environmental quality

o Monitoring programme including frequency of monitoring for air quality, water quality, ground water, solid wastes, noise level etc.

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CHAPTER-IIPROFILE OF ALWAR DISTRICT

2.0 Location & Area

Alwar district is situated in the north-eastern part of Rajasthan and extends between north latitude 27003’ to 28014’ and east longitude 76007’ to 77013’. It covers an area of 8380 sq kms and is covered in the Survey of India toposheets No. 54A, 54E & 53D. Its length from south to north is about 137 kms and width is about 110 kms from east to west. It is bounded on the north and north-east by Gurgaon district of Haryana and Bharatpur districts of Rajasthan, on the north-west by Mohindargarh district of Haryana, on the south-west by Jaipur and in the south by Dausa and Jaipur districts. This district with the present area occupies about 2.45% of the total area of the state.

There are four sub-divisions in the district viz. Alwar, Behror, Rajgarh and Tijara with their headquarters at Alwar, Behror, Alwar and Kishangarh respectively. The district has ten tehsils viz. Behror, Mandawar, Kishangarh, Tijara, Bansur, Alwar, Ramgarh, Thanagazi, Rajgarh and Lakshamangarh. The district is administratively divided into 14 Panchayat Samities (Development Blocks) namely Kishangarh, Govindgarh, Tijara, Mandawar, Kotkashim, Thanagazhi, Bansur, Rajgarh, Umrain, Nimrana, Kathumar, Ramgarh, Behror and Reni. There are 1991 villages (1946 inhabitated & 45 un-inhabitated) and 6 towns in the district. The blocks and tehsils of Alwar district is shown in Table-2.1.

Table No. 2.1: Blocks and Tehsils of Alwar district

Sl No. Name of Block Name of Tehsil which is covered by block1 Neemrana Part of Behror Tehsil2 Behror Part of Behror Tehsil3 Bansur Complete Tehsil of Bansur4 Thanagazi Complete Tehsil of Thanagazi5 Rajgarh Part of Rajgarh Tehsil6 Reni Part of Rajgarh Tehsil7 Kathumar Part of Lakshamangarh Tehsil8 Govindgarh Part of Ramgarh and Lakshmangarh Tehsil9 Ramgarh Part of Ramgarh and Alwar Tehsils

10 Mandawar Complete Tehsil of Mandawar11 Kotkasim Part of Kishangarh Bas Tehsil12 Tijara Complete Tehsil of Tijara13 Kishangarh Bas Part of Kishangarh and Alwar Tehsils14 Umrain Part of Alwar Tehsils

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2.1 Communication

The district has fairly good communication system. It is very well connected with all the neighbouring districts by road. Alwar town, the district headquarter located in the heart of the district, is well connected with Mohindergarh, Gurgaon, Jaipur, Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur etc. through very good roads. All the tehsil headquarters are connected with metal led roads.

The national highway No. 8 passes through the district from east to west. In addition, there is one state highway i.e. Alwar-Bharatpur road. Besides, there are some other major district roads, which are tarred and metalled.

There are three rail tracks passing through the district for a total distance of about 113 kms. The main Delhi-Ahmedabad line runs north-south and bifurcates the district into nearly two equal parts. The second railway line is part of Agra-Bandicoot line that passes through part of southern borders of the district and the third is the part of Phulera-Rewari route, which runs through the extreme northwestern fringe of the district. These lines fall in the Western Railway zone.

2.2 Meteorology

2.2.1 Winds

Winds are strongest (13.1 km/h) in June and lightest (5.6 km/hr) in November. The micro-meteorological data reveals that in most of the time, the calm conditions prevail. The predominant wind directions are NW, SW, SE and NE. During the cold weather periods, the winds are generally light. Violet and dust raising winds are experienced in the entire district during summer. Winds are generally stronger over the western part of the district than the eastern part.

2.2.2 Climate & Rainfall

The climate of the district can be classified as semi-arid. Hot summer, cold winter and a fairly good monsoon season characterize it. As is seen from the Table-2.2, the normal rainfall figure in the district is 61.00 mm. However, the deviation from the average rainfall figure during the period 1996-1999 is reported to be 7.03 mm to 13.27 mm above the average figure.

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Table-2.2:Annual Rainfall

Year/Centre Normal Rainfall

Actual Rainfall Deviation from the Normal Rainfall

1995 61.00 52.00 (-)9.001996 61.00 68.03 (+)7.031997 61.00 77.43 (+)16.431998 61.00 74.27 (+)13.271999 61.00 74.27 (+)13.27Centres (1999)Alwar 61.00 46.93 (-)14.07Ramgarh 61.00 53.00 (-)8.00Malakhera 61.00 58.60 (-)2.40Rajgarh 61.00 42.00 (-)19.00Laxamangarh 61.00 48.90 (-)12.10Kathumar 61.00 53.50 (-)7.50Govindgarh 61.00 58.40 (-)2.60Thana Ghazi 61.00 67.80 (+)6.80Kishangarh 61.00 48.20 (-)12.80Kot Kasim 61.00 52.70 (-)8.30Tijara 61.00 42.40 (-)18.60Tapukada 61.00 43.00 (-)18.00Mundavar 61.00 69.60 (+)8.60Behrod 61.00 34.90 (-)26.10Neemrana 61.00 50.30 (-)10.70Bansur 61.00 50.70 (-)10.30Bahadurpur 61.00 71.40 (+)10.40

2.2.3 Temperature

The cold season starts from about middle of November and continues till the end of February. January is the coldest month of the year with mean daily maximum temperature at 21.8 oC and mean daily minimum temperature at 7.7 o C. Both day and night temperatures increase rapidly from March onwards. May and June are the hottest months of the year. There is appreciable fall in temperature with onset of south-west monsoon by the end of June. After the withdrawl of monsoon in mid-September, the day temperature increases for a brief period. The night temperature however, continues to fall gradually.

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2.2.4 Relative Humidity

The air is generally dry except in the south-west monsoon season. In the summer months, the relative humidity is very low, often less than 20% in the afternoon. However, the relative humidity values are much higher during monsoon season. August is the most humid with mean daily relative humidity of 80% in the morning and 70% in the afternoon.

2.3 Physiography

The district is a fairly regular quadrilateral in shape. The Aravali range forms ridges of rocky and precipiton hills for the most part and are parallel. It makes its appearance in the district from the northeast in Tijara subdivision and runs southwards forming the boundary of the district in the northeast for about 24 kms, almost parallel to Alwar-Delhi road, terminating near Nowgaon. Another range, a continuation of the Aravalis, comes into prominence at Mandawar and passes through Jindoli and Alwar towards the extreme south western corner of the district to the Jaipur boundary. This uninterrupted chain of hills runs for about 81 kms from south to north and intersects the district into two parts.

These hills are low in the north and east of the district but become more prominent and more precipitons from the eastern border towards Alwar town and from north to south and congregate in the south. They cover nearly the whole of Thanagazi and Rajgarh tehsils and about one-third of Alwar tehsil and form important features in Bansur, Kishangarh and Tijara tehsils. They enclose between them fertile valleys and high land, which are reserved forests, thickly wooded with spontaneous growth.

Mandawar, Behror and eastern portion of Alwar and Rajgarh tehsils and western portion of Bansur tehsils are level plains with scattered peaks of small hills. The hills on the western border rise boldly and abruptly from the plains on either side presenting an almost impassable wall of rock, and there is located the highest peak in the district 775 m above MSL at Bilahi. In general, the hills decrease in height and breadth from south to north and west to east. The physiographic map of the area is given in Plate-2.1.

2.4 Drainage

There is no perennial river in the district. The seasonal rivers, which flow through the district and carry the runoff from the hills are Sabi, Ruparel, Chuhar Sidh and Lohdoha. Several of these rivers and their tributaries have been impounded at suitable sites and the water is used for irrigation purposes. The natural drainage is from southeast to northeast.

Sabi is the largest river of the district. It rises from Sewar hills (Jaipur district) and enters Bansur tehsil of Alwar district in the west. It flows in a general north-eastern direction passing through Bansur, Behror, Mandawar, Kishangarh and Tijara tehsils. It carries away the water of the western slope of the central range of the Aravali hills.

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The Ruparel, also known as the Barahor Laswari river rises from Udainath hills in Thanagazi tehsil and finally terminates in the Bharatpur district. It passes through the Sariska forest from south to north, then turns towards east from Bara. At this point (Bara) the river leaves the hilly tract and enters the fertile central plains of the district. Its principal tributaries are Narainpur and Tal Braksh, Kali Ghati, Bhartrihari, Harimpur, Binak, Golaira, Kali Khol, Sukri, Shamganga, Nalakarot and chinned streams. The drainage map of the area is given in Plate-2.2.

2.5 Geology

The district comprises Precambrian metamorphics and igneous rocks, belonging to the Mangalwar Complex of the Pre-Delhi (Archean) and Raialo, Alwar and Ajabgarh Groups, in ascending order of superposition, belonging to the Delhi Supergroup (Lower to Middle Proterozoic) and post-Delhi igneous intrusives Alluvium and Aeolian sediments mask the older formations. The Mangalwar Complex comprising quartzite, mica schist, crystalline limestone, conglomerate and granite, occur as isolated exposures in the southern part. These are un-conformably overlain by the Raialo Group comprising a predominantly calcareous formations with volcanics and subordinate quartzite. These lie in the core part of regional folds, defined the main structural pattern of the area and contains a basal conglomerate and arkose quartzite unit, followed by a sequence of argillaceous and impure calcareous rocks. In the northern part, the Alwar Group passes conformably into the Ajabgarh Group, with the gradual change from dominantly arenaceous facies to argillaceous facies. The post-Delhi intrusives include sills and dykes of amphibolite, plutons of granite of variable dimensions and pegmatite. NNE-SSW trending large-scale folds and faults affect the rocks of the Delhi super-group. The generalised geological sequences and map of the area are given in Plate-2.3.

2.6 Soils

The soil of loam type occurs in major part of the Alwar district specially in Umred, Behror, Thana Ghazi, Kathumar, Bansur & Mundawar. However, sand, sand clay loam and clay loam also occurs in other tehsils of the district. These are shown in Table-2.3.

Table-2.3: Type of soil in Alwar District

Type of Soil Total Area (ha) Tehsil where occursLoam 320357.93 Umred, Behror, Thana Ghazi, Kathumar, Bansur

& MundawarSand 34977.60 Kotkasim, Tijara, Nimrana, Ramgarh, Reni,

BehrorSand Clay Loam 146720.56 Ramgarh, Umren, LaxmangarhClay Loam 39205.00 Reni

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The distribution of different type of soils in Alwar district has been taken from soil map of National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP). The details of the soil distribution in the region are given in Plate-2.4.

2.7 Land Use Pattern

Land is the most important natural resource endowment on which all human activities are based. Therefore, knowledge on different type of land use as well as its spatial distribution in the form of map and statistical data is vital for spatial planning and management of land and its optimal use. The need for information on land use /cover pattern has gained importance due to the all-round concern on environmental impact due to industrial development. The information on land use inventory that includes type, spatial distribution, aerial extent, location, rate and pattern of change of each category of land is of paramount importance for formulating Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for developmental planning. The existing information available on land use is mainly in the form of statistical data based on the compilation of village record that are inadequate and do not provide an up-to-date information on changing land use pattern and process.

Thematic maps, generated in this study, using remote sensing data of Aravali Hill Region (Alwar district), will form the database for assessing the environmental impact in the region on land use and also form the base for preparation of Action Plan for restoration of environmental quality.

In order to assess the recent land use / land cover pattern of the district, land use / land cover mapping was carried out using remote sensing data. The following are the details pertaining to remote sensing study in respect of the land use/ cover pattern for the district:

2.7.1 Data Source

The following data were used in the study:

Primary Data

Satellite data [IRS-1D/LISS-III; Band# 2,3,4; Date 05-04-2001; Digital image data on optical disk media] was used as primary data source for the study. The raw satellite data was obtained from NRSA, Hyderabad on CD-ROM media.

Secondary Data

Secondary (ancillary) and ground data constitute an important baseline information in remote sensing, as they improve the interpretation accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data by enabling verification of the interpreted details and by supplementing it with the information that cannot be obtained directly from the remote sensing data. The following secondary data were used in the study:

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Survey of India topographical maps – No. 54 A, 54 A/1-16 Other supporting data like surface layout plan, location maps and district planning

maps prepared by NATMO (National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation), State and other government agencies.

2.7.2 Land Use Classification

The array of information available on land use/cover were arranged or grouped under a suitable framework in order to facilitate the creation of a land use inventory and mapping. Further, to accommodate the changing land use/cover pattern, a standardised classification system, that is not only flexible in nomenclature and definition, but also capable of incorporating information obtained from the satellite data and other different sources, were developed.

The present framework of land use/cover classification has been primarily based on the ‘Manual of Nationwide Land Use/ Land Cover Mapping Using Satellite Imagery’ developed by National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad. Land use map was prepared on the basis of image interpretation carried out based on the satellite data of 5th April, 2001 on 1:50,000 scale. Following land use/cover classes are identified in Alwar Distrct of Rajasthan (Table-2.4).

Table- 2.4 : Land use/cover classes identified in Alwar District

Level -I Level -II

1 Built-Up Land 1.1 Urban1.2 Rural1.3 Industrial

2 Agricultural Land 3.1 Crop land3.2 Fallow land

3 Forest 2.1 Dense Forest2.2 Open Forest2.3 Scrub

4 Wasteland 4.1 Salt affected land4.2 Barren rocky land4.3 Gullied land

5 Water bodies 5.1 Surface water bodies

2.7.3 Data Analysis

Satellite data of the Alwar district was processed using EASI/PACE v.7.0 image processing system in order to interpret the various land use/cover classes present in the study area. The false colour composite (FCC) of Alwar district (LISS III ; 2,3,4) is given Plate-2.5. The FCC was further classified for land use/cover classes and the area of each land use/cover is

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tabulated in Table-2.5. The detailed land use/cover map of the study area is given in Plate-2.6.

Table- 2.5: Area of various land use/cover classes

Area# Level-I Level-IISq.Km. %

1. Built-up land (i) Urban 86.95 1.03(ii) Rural 7.33 0.08(iii) Industrial 16.53 0.20

Sub-total: 110.81 1.31

2. Agricultural land (i) Crop land 3297.76 39.35(ii) Fallow land 1741.18 20.77

Sub-total: 5038.94 60.12

3. Vegetation Cover (i) Dense forest 631.31 7.53(ii) Open forest 536.78 6.40(iii) Scrubs 376.10 4.49

Sub-total: 1544.19 18.42

4. Wasteland (i) Salt affected land 172.00 2.05(ii) Barren rocky land 990.62 11.82(iii) Gullied land 507.91 6.06

Sub-total: 1670.53 19.93

5. Mining Area (i) Mining area 9.88 0.12

6. Water Bodies (i) Surface water bodies 5.65 0.06

Total Area: 8380.00

2.7.3.1 Built-up land

All the man-made constructions covering the land surface are included under this category. It includes urban, rural settlements & industrial complexes. In the study area, there urban settlements identified on the imagery cover an area 86.95 Km2. Apart from urban settlements, number of small villages sporadically located in the area cover 7.33 Km2 of land, and industrial complexes cover an area of 16.53 km2. Study indicates that built-up land constitutes only 1.31% of the study area.

2.7.3.2 Agriculture land

Land primarily used for farming and production of food, fibre and other commercial and horticultural crops falls under this category. It includes crop-land and fallow land. Crop-lands are those agricultural lands where standing crop occurs on the date of satellite imagery. Crops may be either kharif or rabi. Fallow land are also agricultural land which is

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taken up for cultivation but temporarily allowed to rest, un-cropped for one or more seasons. These lands are those, which are seen devoid of crops at the time when the imagery is taken.

Analysis of the data indicates that the total area of agriculture land is 5038.94 Km2 (60.12%) in the study area; out of which 3297.76 Km2 (39.35%) is the crop-land and 1741.18 Km2

(20.77%) is the fallow land.

2.7.3.3 Forest cover

It is an area bearing an association predominantly of trees and other vegetation, capable of producing timber and other forest produce. Forest cover is classified into the following three sub-classes based on crown density as per modified FAO-1963 (Food & Agricultural Organisation of United Nations) norms: (a) dense forest (crown density more than 40%), (b) open/degraded forest (crown density between 10% to 40%), and (c) scrubs (crown density less than 10%).

Analysis of the satellite data reveals that total area of forest cover in the study area is 1544.19 Km2 (18.42%); out of which 631.31 Km2 (7.53%) is the dense forest, 536.78 Km2

(6.40%) is the open forest and 376.1 Km2 (4.49%) is the scrubs.

2.7.3.4 Wasteland

Wasteland is a degraded and under-utilised class of land that has deteriorated on account of natural causes or due to lack of appropriate soil and water management. Wasteland can result from inherent/imposed constraints such as location, environment, chemical and physical properties of the soil or financial or other management constraints (NWDB, 1987).

Analysis of the data reveals that the total area of wasteland in the study area is 1670.53 Km2

(19.93%); out of which the area of salt affected land is 172.00 km2 (2.05%), the area of barren rocky land is 990.62 Km2 (11.82%) and gullied land covers 507.91 km2 (6.06%).

2.7.3.5 Mining Area

Analysis of the data reveals that the total mining area, which includes limestone and marble mining, constitutes an area of 9.88 Km2 (0.12%).

2.7.3.6 Water bodies

A number of small-impounded water tanks, rivers and streams are present in the study area. Area of water bodies is 5.65 Km2 (0.06%) in the study area.

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Comparison of Land Use Statistics

A look at the land use pattern (as per District Statistical Report) reveals forest area to increase from 6.18% (in 1994-95) to 8.74% (in 1998-99). About 17.53% of the land is not suitable for agriculture whereas about 4.18% of the land is of uncultivable type. The barren land account for 3.36% of the total area. The land use pattern as per District Statistical report is shown in Table-2.6.

Table-2.6: Land Use Pattern

Particulars 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99Total Geographical Area1. Forest etc. 6.18% 6.34% 6.49% 8.40% 8.74%2. Land not suitable for agriculture:Land used for purposes other than agriculture

5.61% 5.65% 5.60% 5.52% 5.59%

Usar & land not suitable for agriculture

12.72% 12.54% 12.47% 12.30% 11.94%

Total 18.33% 18.19% 18.07% 17.82% 17.53%3. Un-cultivable landPermanent pasture etc. 3.13% 3.12% 3.14% 3.09% 3.08%Orchard & agglomerate of trees

0.05% 0.05% 0.04% 0.03% 0.02%

Banjar (suitable for agriculture)

1.47% 1.47% 1.27% 1.10% 1.08%

Total 4.65% 4.64% 4.45% 4.22% 4.18%4. Barren LandOther barren land 1.99% 1.88% 1.65% 1.61% 1.59%Current barren land 2.39% 2.65% 2.12% 1.74% 1.77%Total 4.38% 4.53% 3.77% 3.35% 3.36%5. Actual area sown 66.44% 66.29% 67.21% 66.18% 66.19%Total 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00

6. Total area sown 95.80% 90.12% 97.98% 99.38% 100.62%7. Area sown more than once

44.20% 35.95% 45.79% 50.16% 52.02%

The land use classification adopted in remote sensing data interpretation is different than the land use classification given in the Statistical Report. The statistical data was available till 1998-99 while the remote sensing data is for the year 2001. Therefore the land use status could not be compared on one to one basis. However, as per the satellite data, forest cover is 1168.09 sq kms during the year 2001 against the 942.18 sq kms during 1998-99 as report in the District Statistical report. This increase in forest cover may be due to massive afforestation taken-up by State Forest Department. As per the Statistical Report, 17.53% of the land is not suitable for agriculture during 1998-99 while it has increased to 19.93% during 2001, interpreted as per the remote sensing data. As per the statistical report, agricultural land is 5272.27 sq kms during 1995-96 which has reduced to 5038.94 sq kms during 2001 as the per the satellite data.

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2.8 Forests & Afforestation

A good portion of the area falls under the category of the forests. The Sariska Forest Reserve is a tourist attraction. The forests and forest classification in the district during the period 1994-95 to 1998-99 is shown in Table-2.7. The Forest Department has taken plantation programme to increase the forest cover in the district. The details of the afforestation programme are shown in Table-2.8.

Table-2.7: Forest & Forest Classification Forest Classification (sq kms)Year

Reserved Protected Not Classified Total1994-95 1001.42 656.09 75.08 1732.591995-96 1001.42 656.09 75.08 1732.591996-97 401.08 398.55 142.52 942.151997-98 401.08 398.55 142.56 942.191998-99 401.08 398.55 142.55 942.18

(Source: District Statistical Report)

Table-2.8: Afforestation (as per district statistical report)

Year No. of trees planted Trees Survived1994-95 1082424 7828951995-96 1084424 5644151996-97 1082593 8859671997-98 306272 2099901998-99 1048372 845838

2.9 Crop Pattern

The major crops in the Alwar district are edibles, pulses, tilhen and non-edibles. The area under major crops during the period 1994-95 to 1998-99 is shown in Table-2.9 whereas area under different crops is shown in Table-2.10. The total irrigated area according to theresources is shown in Table-2.11. These figures are as per District Statistical Report of Government of Rajasthan.

Table-2.9:Area under Major Crops (in ha)

Crop (in ha)YearEdibles Pulses Tilhen Non-edible Total

1994-95 366856 92803 224554 4460 6886731995-96 314407 84250 243513 13579 6557491996-97 356767 84960 243272 21634 7066331997-98 372051 120343 214850 16056 7233001998-99 410025 116913 187736 19898 734572

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Table-2.10: Area under Different Crops

Kharif Rabi ZaidYear

Total Irrigated Total Irrigated Total Irrigated1994-95 267582 9442 460751 301689 3175 3013

1995-96 205792 19031 476865 348415 3414 3320

1996-97 263453 28213 479198 376547 3122 30791997-98 282525 20964 487843 272559 3524 3428

1998-99 295494 23240 485337 342715 4099 3896

Table-2.11: Total Irrigated Area According to the Resources

Year Wells/Tube-wells Ponds Canals Other Resource Total Irrigated Area (ha)

1994-95 312469 116 4128 381 3170941995-96 370028 -- 4436 -- 3744641996-97 407543 486 4551 200 4127801997-98 296840 260 3836 144 3010801998-99 367092 250 4753 249 372344

2.10 Farms & Areas According to Ownership & Irrigation

The number of farms and areas according to ownership and irrigation during the year 1995-96 is shown in Table-2.12. In the district, the small holdings (less than 0.50 ha to 2.0 ha) are more compared to medium and bigger holdings.

Table-2.12: No. of farms & Areas according to Ownership & Irrigation (1995-96)

Personal Farms Combined farms Institutional Farms TotalSize of the farms

(ha)No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area

<0.50 42058 12413.86 27856 7186.26 114 31.59 70028 19631.71

0.50-1.0 43424 30686.16 22493 16261.63 86 60.38 66003 47008.17

1.0-2.0 47390 65472.11 25613 36978.57 90 203.83 73093 102654.51

2.0-3.0 20848 49851.23 12660 30999.98 68 169.10 33576 81020.31

3.0-4.0 11641 40193.21 7468 25825.92 60 211.79 19169 66230.92

4.0-5.0 3782 30597.17 4869 22126.69 45 190.44 11696 52914.30

5.0-7.50 6625 39691.03 5557 29857.47 31 193.48 12213 69741.98

7.50-10.0 2251 19080.90 2184 18603.17 14 122.89 4449 37806.96

10.0-20.0 1285 15946.43 1609 22196.34 23 278.76 2917 38421.53

>20.00 56 2547.09 164 5538.21 30 3711.55 250 11796.85Total 182360 306479.19 110473 215574.24 561 5173.81 293394 527227.24

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2.11 Live Stock Population

The livestock population of the Alwar district is shown in Table-2.13 for the period 1992 to 1997. The statistics reveals substantive number of sheeps and goats compared to cows, bulls, buffaloes etc.

Table-2.13 (A): Livestock Population

Cow/bulls etc. foreign breed Cow/bulls etc. local breedMale Female Male/

femaleTotal Male Female Male/

femaleTotal

Year

>2.50 yr >2.50 yr <2.50 yr Male/Female

>3.0 yr >3.0 yr <3.0 yr Male/Female

1992 50 382 924 1356 75396 151904 30843 2581431997 29 1113 1030 2172 23104 116313 99511 238928

Table-2.13 (B): Livestock Population

Cow/bulls etc. foreign breedMale Female Male/

FemaleTotal

Year Total

>3 yrs >3.0 yr <3.0 yr Male/Female

Sheeps Breed/

local

Goats Horses/Ponies

1992 259499 46257 532899 134727 713883 120536 452877 8361997 241100 2404 398926 363023 764353 109561 495133 745

Table-2.13 (C): Livestock Population

Year Donkeys/MulesMale/Female

Camel Pigs Total Ducks Hens/Cocks

TotalHens etc.

Grand Total

1992 7133 4790 19921 1579475 847 179879 180726 17602011997 4912 20295 20107 1656206 -- 247909 247909 1904115

2.12 Irrigation Projects

In the district, the wells and ponds, apart from the minor irrigation projects play a major role in meeting the water requirement for irrigation. The details of these existing facilities are shown in Table-2.14 and Table-2.15.

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Table-2.14: Wells & Ponds

Wells PondsYearTotal Useful Not-useful Useful Not-useful Total

1994-95 71895 53372 18523 36 -- 361995-96 69897 51674 18223 36 -- 361996-97 70932 51574 19358 36 -- 361997-98 74200 52424 21776 36 -- 361998-99 69763 50808 18955 34 -- 34

Table-2.15: Minor Irrigation Projects (1998-99)

Tehsil Construction/Renovation of Ponds

Increase in Irrigation Potential (ha)

Alwar 12 10626.99

Rajgarh 31 6204.99Thana Ghazi 6 3577.57Kishangarh 15 1383.15Tijara 23 2443.00Ramgarh 03 2891.79Laxamangarh 22 3893.04Mundawar -- --Behror 02 100.65Bansur 03 2215.72Kot Kasim -- --Kathumar -- --

2.13 Minerals

A variety of minerals both metallic and non-metallic are found in Alwar district. The metallic minerals include copper, iron and manganese while non-metallic minerals include barites, silica sand, quartz, yellow ochre, pyrophylite, soapstone, limestone, granite and marble etc. The mineral map of the district is given in Plate-2.7.

Details of mineral deposits in the district are as below:

2.13.1 Metallic Minerals

Low-grade iron ores have been reported from near villages Purana, Rajgarh, Khanpur, Raipur, Bileta, Bhang, Kayasa and Khusalgarh etc. In addition, the district also has potential for copper ore.

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2.13.2 Non-Metallic Minerals

Barytes: Before the discovery of Relpatlia deposit, Alwar district was contributing 90% of Rajasthan’s production of Barytes. Here baryte is associated with quartz veins of varying dimensions. Bhankara deposit is the largest. Baryte is massive and light pink in colour. Other prominent deposits are located near villages Jharoli, Pehal, Reni, Dera, Sainpuri, Zahir ka Khera, Madhogarh, Ferompur, Gorah, Gujari and Bhagat ka bas etc.

Soapstone and Pyrophyllite

Significance occurrence of soapstone and pyrophyllite are located near villages Sirawas, Ragoda (tehsil-Alwar), Bagor (Tehsil- Tijara), Dhani Gujaran, Bavadi Bamanvas, Nangal, Bhatpura, Samore, Natala (tehsil- Thanagazi), Nangal, Chandel (Tehsil-Rajgarh), Khora, Karwali, Berta (Tehsil-Laxmanagarh). The soapstone of these areas are of DDT grade.Limestone: Limestone bands are located near villages Malana, Rajgarh Berli, Asan, Ramroli etc. Near Malana, limestone is exposed for a strike length of about 2.20 kms with average width of 90 meters. A total of 22 million tones of cement grade limestone reserves have been estimated in this area. In Berli area, limestone band is exposed for a length of 1.20 kms and width about 100 metres.

Felspar & Quartz: Vein quartz and zoned pegmatite having felspar are located near villages Adhira, Hamirpur (Tehsil-Bansur), Ragoda (Tehsil-Alwar), Tatarpur (Tehsil- Mandawar), Thatra (Tehsil- Rajgarh) Kho Ratakhurd, Raipur, Bedhin, Badkan, Kali Pahari (Tehsil-Thanagazhi) etc.

Silica sand: Silica sand has been located near Narayani area. It is white in colour and fine grained. Reserves of 64640 tonnes with 98% silica have been estimated in this area. Silica sand is also found as gritty quartzite near Ghyaspur extending from Narayanpur to Bilia for about 1 kilometre length. Silica sand is also located in Nathusar area where investigations have been done by the State Department in about 400 metres x 80 metres area. The silica sand of Ghatra area was washed in the ceramic laboratory of the department. It was found that by washing, it can be improved from 91.9% silica to 98.36%. Iron could be reduced from 0.48% to 0.32% with sand recovery of 63%. The estimated reserves in this area are about 1.2 million tones. Small lenses of silica sand are also located near Sahroli and Chapra areas.

Red & Yellow Ochre: Red & Yellow Ochre has been reported near village Bidaska (tehsil-Laxamangarh), Neemla Guwara (Tehsil Thanagazhi), Nalpir (Tehsil-Behror). Both red and yellow ochre are suitable for paint and pigment industries.

Slate: Slate deposits are located near village Tesing, Nibhor, Bassi, Mestabas etc. These are thinly cleavable with buff to dark grey colour. Alwar district is sole producer of slate in the state. Slates are being used as building stones and have now developed good market of slate tiles, mainly used for paneling.

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Graphite: Minor occurrence of graphite has been located near villages Jadoli and Tagoda. Being low in carbon content, these deposits are economically viable.

Granite: Granite occurrences have been reported from different localities in the district viz.Harsora, Devson, Maluwas in tehsil Bansur, Khairthal (tehsil-Kishangarh), Bas and near Dhuninath temple in tehsil Thanagazhi. Granite is coarse to medium grained having various shades of grey to pink. State department has established reserves of 28 million cubic metre in this area.

Marbal/Dolomite: God quality marble is available in small areas in Alwar district around villages Dadikar, Kaled, Nalgaon and Khusalgarh. Other known occurrences are near Malana, Goverdhanpura etc. In Palpur-Kho area dolomite is exposed in an area of about 3 kilometers and 2 kms width. In this belt, three probable zone of S.M.S. grade dolomite weredelineated. The tentative reserves are about 200 million tones. At present it is being quarried as marble.Besides above, other minor minerals like masonry stone, bajri, chert, brick earth and shale also occur and are being mined in the district.

2.13.3 Production & Sale of Minerals

The production and sale of minerals in the district is shown in Table-2.16 and 2.17 respectively. These figures are as per district statistical report of State Government.

Table-2.16: Production & Sale of Minerals

Name of Mineral

Unit Production Sale Value (Rs ‘000)

Average man-days generated for

employment per daysMajor Minerals:Copper Ore Matric tonnes -- -- --Soap Stone Matric tonnes 360.000 36.00 3Feldspar Matric tonnes 364.080 91.020 10Silica Sand Matric tonnes 1607.000 160.700 16Fire Clay Matric tonnes -- -- --Barytes Matric tonnes 341.985 341.985 16Quartz Matric tonnes 286.875 43.031 10Iron Ore Matric tonnes 10.000 -- 3Red Ochre Matric tonnes 40.000 4.000 2Pyrophyllite Matric tonnes 227.000 22.700 4Dolomite Matric tonnes 440.000 35.200 9Minor Minerals:Masonry Stone Matric tonnes 486750 7256.250 150Lime Stone Matric tonnes 14090 1409.000 750

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Marble Matric tonnes 394020 29551.500 230Marble Blocks Matric tonnes 116874 58437.000 400Bujjari Matric tonnes 245500 7365.000 On contractBrick Clay Matric tonnes 435000 141.375 On contractChirt Matric tonnes 714 71.400 25Patti Katla Matric tonnes 4850 242.500 20Granite Matric tonnes 651 585.900 30

Table-2.17: Sale of Minerals (Rs in ‘000)

Name of Mineral

1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99

Major Minerals:Barytes 831 1491 953 354.865 341.985Felspar 186 227 123.5 52.16 91.020Fireclay 65 2 -- 2.436 --Quartz 102 72 30.6 1.662 43.031Soap stone 52 -- 4.7 21.065 36.000Silica sand 135 398 265 -- 160.700Ochres 2 -- -- -- 4.000Dolomite 145 180 73.8 24.478 35.200Pyrophyllite -- -- -- -- 22.700Minor Minerals:Brick Clay 24.28 33.75 49.59 Not

available141.375

Chirt 41 27 33 28.32 71.40Kankar Bajri 1623 3723 4303 8622.60 7365.00Lime Stone 4744 3923 2753 75.45 1409.00Marble 5531 12157 240410 16548.40 29551.500Marble Blocks

16266 28454 47899 52945 58437.00

Masonry Stone

1815 2698 8652 11958.30 7256.250

Patti Katla 664 281 406 477.50 242.500Granite 117 316 314 391.5 585.900Shale 2 -- -- -- --

2.14 Mineral Based Industries

Alwar district has gained an important place in building and decorative stones. The marble and slate stone deposits are well known. About 11 major and 9 minor minerals are produced in the district on which about 260 mineral based industries in medium to small sector have

Page No. II-18

been established. These include 15 gang saws and 50 cutters for marble and other stones. The inventory of the mines is shown in Annexure-II.

The main industries are marble cutting and polishing, mini cement plants, sanitary wares, gazed tiles, insulators, potteries, mineral grinding and pulverizing units, chips making units, slate stone cutting units, lime & brick kilns, pesticides, barium chemicals etc. There is scope for setting up of more such cutting-polishing, tiles and potteries industries in the district. However, a large number of these mineral areas fall in reserve forest/ game sanctuary and therefore warrants careful environmental considerations while planning for setting up of new units or extensions of the existing ones.

2.15 Grant of Mining Lease

The mining of minor minerals is one of the important industries in the district. The mining leases for the mining minor minerals are granted under Rajasthan Minor Minerals Concession Rules, 1986.

2.15.1 Administering Authority

The State Government has delegated the powers for grant of mining lease, both by application and by auction, and for other matters connected with the administration of the rules to the Director, Mines and Geology, Additional Director (Mines), Superintending Mining Engineers, Mining Engineers and Assistant Mining Engineers in a graded manner based on annual dead rent payable under these rules. Mining Engineer or Assistant Mining Engineer grants quarry licenses and short term permits.

The Director is the Appellate Authority against the orders passed by the Superintending Mining Engineers, Mining Engineers and Assistant Mining Engineers. Appeal against the orders passed by the Director lies with State Government.

2.15.2 Types of Concessions

Three types of concessions are available under these rules, which are as under:

Mining Lease Quarry License, and Short Term Permits

The term ‘mining lease’ has the same meaning as assigned to it under MM(RD) Act, 1957. The ‘quarry license’ means a license wherein the licensee is required to pay fixed annual license fee which may be inclusive or exclusive of royalty, as the case may be. ‘Short term permit’ means a permit granted for excavation and removal of a specified quantity of mineral within the specified period and from a specified area.

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2.15.3 Procedure for Grant2.15.3.1 Mining Lease

No mining lease shall be granted:

I. In respect of such minerals as the State Government may notify; such notification may be for the whole or part of the state; or

II. To a person who is not a citizen of India, unless prior approval of the Central Government has been obtained.

III. To a person against whom or any member of whose family or against a firm of which he is or was a partner or a Private Limited Company, the due of Department of Mines and Geology are outstanding, unless their recovery has been stayed by any court or a competent authority; or

IV. In respect of lands notified by the Government, as reserved for use of the Government or local authorities or for any other public or special purpose; or

V. In the forest area, without clearance from the Central Government in accordance with the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and the rule made there under; or

VI. In the area in which quarry licenses are in the process of grant for a particular mineral.

VII. In respect of minerals for which plots of prescribes size are delineated in specified areas as notified by the Government from time to time.

When two or more persons apply for mining lease is respect of the same land, the applicant whose application was received on earlier date have a preferential right for the grant of the lease over an applicant whose application was received later. However, the competent authority may prefer an application received later from a Government Company or Corporation owned by the Government over any other application received earlier for the same area. When more than one application is received on the same day for the same area, the mining lease shall be granted in the following order of priority.

A Government Company or Corporation owned by the Government Unemployed Mining Engineer or Geologist A person who intends to setup a mineral based industry in the state. Disabled person Sportsman, athlete or player of national level A Co-operative society; and Other applicant.

This rule further states that “irrespective of the above referred general rules of priority the mining lease for masonry stone and its associated minerals (excluding patties and other dimensional stone), kankar, murrum and Jhajhra stone shall be granted to the following categories of persons in the descending order of priority”:

Page No. II-20

Persons who undertake to install a crusher (for mining lease of masonry stone only); Manual workers belonging to SC/ST employed in mines Manual workers employed in mines Persons belonging to SC/ST Persons selected under Integrated Rural Development Programme of the

Government; Ex-soldiers including members of para-military forces belonging to Rajasthan, who

has been permanently disabled or dependents of those who have been killed in action;

Rajasthan State Government servants who have been permanently disabled while on duty or the dependents of those who have been killed on duty;

Unemployed graduates Other persons.

An application for renewal of mining lease is to be made at least 12 months before the expiry of mining lease and shall be disposed of before the expiry of the lease and if the application is not disposed of within that period, the lease shall be deemed to have been extended for a period of six months or till the date of the refusal, whichever is earlier.

2.15.3.2 Grant of Mining lease by auction or tenders

Mining lease by public auction or tender shall be granted only in such cases as the Government may by general or special order direct. The State Government may discontinue grant of mining lease by auction or tender in a particular area by issuing a notice in the Official Gazette in this regard.

I Manual workers belonging to SC/ST employees in mines 10%

II Manual workers other than SC/ST 20%III Persons belonging to the SC/ST 20%

IV Persons selected under Integrated Rural Development Programme of the State Government

10%

V Village artisans and landless labourers 10%VI Ex-soldiers including members of para-military forces belonging to

Rajasthan who have been permanently disabled and the dependents of those who have been killed in action

10%

VII Rajasthan State Government servants who have become permanently disabled while on duty or the dependents of those who have been killed while on duty

10%

VIII Other applicants 10%

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2.15.3.3 Quarry License

No quarry license shall be granted for any mineral deposit unless it is notified in the Rajasthan Gazette or at least one daily newspaper having wide circulation in the state and one newspaper having wide circulation in the local area, after due approval of the Director of Mines & Geology. Such notification shall be made after delineating the plots of quarries and shall mention the dimension of each plot of the license. The maximum number of licenses that could be issued to a person in the division/sub-division shall not exceed two.

The quarry license for all minerals, excepting marble, dolomite etc. and any other rock used for slab or tile shall be kept reserved for the following category of persons as per the percentage indicated against each category:

Whenever a new block of quarries is delineated, the plots to be reserved for allotment to different categories of persons shall be decided by the competent authority by the method of lottery and shall be notified accordingly for inviting application from such categories of persons. When the total number of plots for allotment is less than 10, they will be granted to the above listed categories in the descending order of priority.

This Act also provides that “when more than one application is received within the period notified for the same plot from the same category, the allotment shall be made after drawing lottery in presence of two of the public representatives, representative of Directorate and Collector or his nominee.

2.15.3.4 Short Term Permit

Short-term permit shall not be granted for the following minerals:

Sandstone and limestone used as dimensional stone (patti, kotla, millstone, ashlar and flooring stone);

Limestone used for burning and chip making; Marble and dolomite; Granite used for making blocks, slabs and tiles; Serpentine used as block and for chip making; Rhyolite and chirt used for chip making; Fuller’s earth, bentonite, saltpeter and slate stone; and Other minerals notified by the Government.

The Mining Engineer / Assistant Mining Engineer may refuse to grant a short-term permit for any mineral in any area. No short term permit shall be granted for quantities exceeding 500 tonnes except in case of contract of works department of State or Central Government, autonomous bodies, government undertakings, on recommendation of concerned department. The royalty in such cases must be paid in advance.

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2.15.4 Period and Area

Mining lease is granted for a period not exceeding of 20 years and for minimum period of 10 years. On application, the competent authority shall renew the lease for a period not exceeding 20 years. If the government is satisfied that the mines have been worked properly and substantial investment in machinery and equipment has been made, the mining lease may be further renewed, each time for a period of 20 years subject to the condition that total period of the lease shall not exceed 60 years.

Quarry license is granted for a period of five years and can be further renewed, from time to time, for a further period of five years upto the maximum period of 30 years.

The period for which short term permit may be granted shall not exceed four months. However, in case of the works department of the Government, short-term permits may be granted for a longer period depending on the periods of works contract. Also, if the holder of the permit fails to excavate and remove the quantity stipulated in the permit, within the period originally sanctioned, the period of permit is deemed to have been extended by 25% of the original period.

The mining lease shall be granted for such area, as the Government may deem fit. The director of Mines & Geology may fix the area for the grant of mining lease for a particular mineral and for a particular area, but it shall not be less than one hectare. As far as possible, the area applied for grant under mining lease shall be rectangular and its length shall not exceed four times its width.

A person can’t acquire, in respect of any mineral or prescribed group of associated minerals, one or more mining leases covering a total area of more than 10 sq. kms. In the jurisdiction of any Mining Engineer/Assistant Mining Engineer, not more than two mining leases and in the entire state, not more than 3 mining leases for a particular mineral or associated group of minerals shall be granted to a person. However, the Government may relax the aforesaid ceiling of 10 sq. kms and also the number of mining leases to be sanctioned to a person in the interest of mineral development, if necessary, to do so for the reasons to be recorded.

The Mining Engineer shall fix the dimensions for each plot for the purpose of grant of quarry license. However, the maximum dimension of one plot shall not exceed 400mx200m for the marble and its associated minerals and 120mx60m for any other mineral and the minimum shall not be less than 60mx30m. No person may be granted more than 2 quarry licenses in the jurisdiction of the Mining Engineer / Assistant mining Engineer. When a quarry license is granted on a fixed annual licenses fee inclusive of royalty, the dimension of each plot shall not exceed 10mx10m.

The dimensions of the area for which a short-term permit may be granted shall not exceed 50mx50m.

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2.15.5 Rents and Royalties2.15.5.1 Dead Rent

In case of mining lease, the lessee is required to pay for every year, such yearly dead rent, within the limits specified in the Schedule-II, as may be fixed by the Government in quarterly installments in advance. If the lease permits the working of more than one mineral in the same area, no separate dead rent shall be charged for such mineral. The lessee is liable to pay either dead rent or royalty whichever is higher, but not both. The dead rent may be revised after every five years from the date of grant of lease or renewal thereof. Further, during the currency of the lease, also the dead rent may be revised in between after every period of 5 years. The revised dead rent shall be fixed on the basis of existing dead rent, by increasing it by 40% plus average excess royalty of first four years of every period of five years. However, the rates prescribed in the Schedule-II are applicable at the time of initial grant of the lease.

2.15.5.2 License fee

The license fee for a quarry license shall be between 150/- and Rs 12,000/- per annum as may be fixed by the Mining Engineer and shall be paid annually in advance on the specified dates, in addition to royalty. The Mining Engineer may fix the license fee inclusive of royalty at a rate not less than Rs 20/- and not more than Rs 200/- per month in respect of the areas measuring not more than 10mx10m. The license fee or the royalty rates can be revised once during any period of three years.

2.15.5.3 Surface Rent

The holder of the mining lease is required to pay surface rent equal to land revenue for the surface area used by him for the purpose of mining operations. The revenue authorities are collecting the surface rent.

2.15.5.4 Dump Removal and ecological Restoration Charges

In case of quarry license and mining leases, suitable provision has been made for fixing and charging of certain amount per annum from dump removal and ecological restoration of mines from quarry license holders and lease holders respectively. The amount may be revised by Government from time to time and may vary from place to place.

2.15.5.5 Royalty

The royalty is payable on the minerals removed from and/or consumed within the leased area at the rates for the time being specified in Schedule-I. The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend Schedule-I so as to enhance or reduce the rate of

Page No. II-24

royalty in respect of any mineral from the specified date. However, the rate of royalty shall not be enhanced more than once during any period of three years.

2.15.6 Mineral Administration

Mining Engineer, Alwar that is under the jurisdiction of Superintending Mining Engineer, Bharatpur, looks after mineral administration work in the district. The geological work is carried out by office of the Senior Geologist, Alwar that is under the jurisdiction of Superintending Geologist, Jaipur. This office looks after the geological work in Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and Dausa districts.

During the year 1998-99, three projects were proposed for geological investigations in the Alwar districts. These are:

Regional Mineral Survey for split table slate stone and other economic minerals near village Budnala, Jhakharana (Tehsil-Behror).

Continuation of search for marble in gap areas around village Jhiri, District Alwar. Continuation of investigations for base metals near village Mothuka (Tehsil- Kishangarh

Bas)

There were 21 leases for major minerals and 482 for minor minerals in the district and total revenue earned during 1997-98 were Rs 391.28 lakhs.

Two Australian companies have been granted license for carrying out aerial surveys and prospecting for minerals in the district. The inventory of the existing mining leases in the Alwar district is shown in Annexure-II.

Under the above rules, the leases are granted for the mineral extraction. At present, there is no emphasis on the mining plan for each of the mining lease being granted. However, Government of Rajasthan is now preparing the Draft Marble Policy in the State which will interalia take into the consideration the mine plans also before grant of the lease.

2.16 Inventory of Other Industries

In the district, apart from the mining activities, there are a number of other industries which interalia include crushing units, marble-finishing units etc. The inventory of these industries is shown in Annexure-II.

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CHAPTER-III

EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

3.0 Base Line Data Generation

In order to assess the existing environmental scenario of the Alwar district, base line data were generated in terms of the following attributes:

Air quality Water quality Noise levels Soil quality Socio-economic aspects Ecological set-up

3.1 Air Quality 3.1.1 Scope & Methodology

To assess the ambient air quality status, monitoring stations were identified on the basis of meteorology in the upwind and downwind direction. Due consideration was also given to locate the monitoring stations so as to represent the areas covered by the Aravali hills in the entire district. Based on the production activities in the hills, the parameters chosen for assessment of air quality were Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and Carbon monoxide (CO).

Calibrated Respirable dust sampler (with an average flow of 1.2-1.4 m3/min) was used for monitoring of RPM & SPM and for sampling of SO2 & NOx with proper flow controller (1 L/min). SPM and RPM were monitored on 24 hourly basis and gaseous pollutants (SO2

& NOX, CO) on 8 hourly basis.

Collected samples were analysed on the day of sample collection with the following procedure.

RPM & SPM:

Calibrated Respirable Dust sampler with Whatman GF/A microfibre filter paper was used for the determination of RPM. RPM is a measure of Particulate Matter having size <10 microns.

The dust particles having size >10 microns is being collected in the cyclone and measured. This along with RPM value gives total SPM.

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SO2 : Modified West-Gaeke Spectrophotometric Method

Sulphur dioxide was collected in a scrubbing solution of sodium tetrachloro mercurate and was allowed to react with HCHO and then with para-rosaniline hydrochloride. The absorbance of the product red-violet dye was measured using digital spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 560nm.

NOX : Jacob and Hocheiser Modified Method

Nitrogen oxides as nitrogen dioxide were collected by bubbling air through sodium hydroxide solution to form a stable solution of sodium nitrite. The nitrite ion produced during sampling was determined using digital spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 540nm by reacting the exposed absorbing reagent with phosphoric acid, sulfanilamide and N (1-naphthyl) ethylamine dihydrochloride.

CO : An imported digital CO detector was used for monitoring of CO.

3.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

In order to assess the air quality, first the monitoring stations were selected in the hill range to have a broader picture. Thereafter, based on the production activities, the hot spots were identified and air quality monitoring was carried out therein to have picture of the pollution potential of the industries. For broader assessment of the air quality in the hill range in the Alwar district, the following stations were selected:

3.1.2.1 Air Quality Station at Thana Ghazi (AA-1)

This sampling station is situated at about 40 Kms from Alwar Town in Southwest direction. The high volume sampler was kept at the height of 1.0 m above the ground level. Aravalli hills in one side and agricultural fields are on other side surrounds this location. Mining activities are prevalent in the nearby areas. This location was selected to assess the pollution levels due to mining activities in the nearby areas.

3.1.2.2 Ramnagar near Bhindosi on Alwar-Tizara Road (AA-2)

This sampling station is situated at about 42 Kms from Alwar Town near Bhindosi on Alwar-Tizara Road in North-northeast direction. The high volume sampler was kept at the height of 1.0 m above the ground level. Aravalli hills in one side and agricultural fields are in other side surrounded this location. This location was selected to assess the pollution levels due to sources other than the mining activities. There are no mining activities in nearby Aravalli Hills.

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3.1.2.3 Bahror (AA-3)

This sampling station is situated at Baraud of about 47 Kms from Alwar Town and 3 Kms from Bahror in Northwest direction. The high volume sampler was kept at the height of 1.0 m above the ground level. Aravalli hills in one side and agricultural fields are in other side surrounded this location. Mining activities are also prevalent in the nearby areas. This location was selected to assess the pollution levels due to mining activities in nearby Aravalli Hills.

3.1.2.4 Lakshamangarh (AA-4)

This sampling station is situated at about 35 Kms from Alwar Town in south-east direction. The high volume sampler was kept at the height of 1.0 m above the ground level. Aravalli hills in one side and agricultural fields are in other side surrounded this location. This location was selected to assess the pollution levels due to mining activities nearby Aravalli Hills.

3.1.2.5 Matsya Industrial Complex near Alwar (AA-5)

This sampling station is situated at about 8 Kms from Alwar Town in East direction. The high volume sampler was kept at the height of 1.0 m above the ground level. This location was surrounded by Aravalli hills in one side and is an industrial complex comprising stone cutting and other industries. This location was selected to assess the pollution levels due to various industrial activities.

3.1.2.6 Khushalgarh in Sariska Forest Area (AA-6)

This sampling station is situated at about 27 Kms from Alwar Town in south-west direction. The high volume sampler was kept at the height of 1.0 m above the ground level. Aravalli hills in one side and agricultural fields are in other side surrounded this location. This location was selected to assess the air quality status in the Sariska Forest area.

3.1.2.7 Karoli on Alwar-Tijara Road (AA-7)

This sampling station is situated at about 15 Kms from Alwar Town and 4 Kms from Bahadurpur in north-northeast direction. The high volume sampler was kept at the height of 1.0 m above the ground level. Aravalli hills in one side and agricultural fields are in other side surrounded this location. This location was selected to assess the pollution levels due to mining activities in the nearby Aravalli Hills.

3.1.2.8 Ramgarh on Gurgaon-Alwar Road (AA-8)

This sampling station is situated at about 23 Kms from Alwar Town in east-north-east direction. The high volume sampler was kept at the height of 1.0 m above the ground level. Aravalli hills in one side and agricultural fields are in other side surrounded this location. This location was selected to assess the pollution levels in the area, which is devoid of mining activities.

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The location of ambient air quality monitoring stations (including the hot spots) is shown in Plate-3.1. The air quality monitoring was carried out for the summer, post-monsoon and winter seasons, as detailed in Table-3.1. The analysis results are embodied in Annexure-III. This was carried out as per provisions embodied in Bureau of Indian Standards and other applicable provisions.

Table-3.1Season the sampling to be covered inSl No. Name of the Station

Summer Monsoon Post Monsoon Winter1 Thana Ghazi x 2 Ramnagar near Bhindosi x 3 Behror x 4 Lakshamangarh x 5 Matsya Industrial Complex x

6 Khushalgarh in Sariska Forest Area

x

7 Karoli on Alwar-Tizara Road x 8 Ramgarh on Gurgaon-Alwar

Road x

(The air quality monitoring was not carried out in monsoon season)

3.1.3 Air Quality Status

The summary of the air quality status is presented in Table-3.2 to 3.5. The location wise status of the air quality is as under:

3.1.3.1 Thana Ghazi (AA-1)

At this location, SPM values were ranging from 121 g/m3 to 197 g/m3. RPM values were ranging from 36g/m3 to 58 g/m3. SO2 values were ranging from 8 g/m3 to 19 g/m3. NOx values were ranging from 9 g/m3 to 21 g/m3and all CO values were found to be below the detectable limit of 114.5 g/m3.

At this location, all SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX and CO values were found to be within the limits of CPCB of 200 g/m3, 100 g/m3, 80 g/m3, 80 g/m3 & 2000 g/m3 respectively for residential & rural environment.

3.1.3.2 Ramnagar near Bhindosi on Alwar-Tizara Road (AA-2)

At this location, SPM values were ranging from 96 g/m3 to 156 g/m3. RPM values were ranging from 28 g/m3 to 41 g/m3. SO2 values were ranging from 7 g/m3 to 19 g/m3. NOx values were ranging from 8 g/m3 to 21 g/m3and all CO values were found to be below the detectable limit of 114.5 g/m3.

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Table-3.2 : Season wise Data Analysis of SPM Values

SPM Concentration, µg/m3

DescriptionAA1 AA2 AA3 AA4 AA5 AA6 AA7 AA8

I. Summer (May 2001)

a. Minimum 178 137 141 126 128 126 148 154

b. 50th Percentile 186 144 152 141 136 132 156 163

c. 98th Percentile 197 152 164 153 159 143 172 184

d. Maximum 197 152 164 153 159 143 172 184

e. Arithmetic Mean 188.25 144.75 154.00 141.75 142.25 135.0 159.75 169.75

f. Standard Deviation 8.18 6.18 9.97 11.59 13.38 7.53 10.21 13.72

g. % of values exceeding 200 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

II. Post Monsoon (Sep. – Oct. 2001)

a. Minimum 121 96 116 106 116 96 104 107

b. 50th Percentile 136 103 128 113 123 101 113 116

c. 98th Percentile 158 127 145 124 142 118 134 138

d. Maximum 158 127 145 124 142 118 134 138

e. Arithmetic Mean 140.25 110.50 131.25 115.25 129.25 105.25 119.25 121.75

f. Standard Deviation 15.67 13.77 12.31 7.63 11.87 9.43 13.35 13.33

g. % of values exceeding 200 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

III. Winter (Dec. 2001 – Jan. 2002)

a. Minimum 132 120 145 105 135 95 95 118

b. 50th Percentile 142 135 150 110 145 110 105 120

c. 98th Percentile 160 156 170 125 150 130 120 130

d. Maximum 160 156 170 125 150 130 120 130

e. Arithmetic Mean 144.8 137.8 153.5 113.8 143.8 112.5 107.5 123.3

f. Standard Deviation 11.6 14.8 11.1 8.5 6.3 14.4 10.4 5.4

g. % of values exceeding 200 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table-3.3 : Season wise Data Analysis of RPM Values

RPM Concentration, µg/m3

DescriptionAA1 AA2 AA3 AA4 AA5 AA6 AA7 AA8

I. Summer (May 2001)

a. Minimum 47 36 38 31 35 32 41 41

b. 50th Percentile 52 38 42 37 36 34 42 44

c. 98th Percentile 58 41 45 41 43 39 48 52

d. Maximum 58 41 45 41 43 39 48 52

e. Arithmetic Mean 53.25 38.50 42.0 36.75 38.0 35.75 44.25 46.5

f. Standard Deviation 4.86 2.08 2.04 4.19 3.56 3.30 3.30 4.93

g. % of values exceeding 100 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

II. Post Monsoon (Sep. – Oct. 2001)

a. Minimum 38 27 31 27 33 27 29 30

b. 50th Percentile 41 29 33 29 35 28 31 32

c. 98th Percentile 46 33 37 32 39 31 38 39

d. Maximum 46 33 37 32 39 31 38 39

e. Arithmetic Mean 42.00 30.00 34.00 29.50 36.00 28.75 33.00 34.00

f. Standard Deviation 3.37 2.58 2.58 2.08 2.58 1.71 3.92 3.92

g. % of values exceeding 100 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

III. Winter (Dec. 2001 – Jan. 2002)

a. Minimum 36 28 33 29 30 21 23 25

b. 50th Percentile 42 29 36 30 35 23 26 25

c. 98th Percentile 43 39 51 33 39 26 30 29

d. Maximum 43 39 51 33 39 26 30 29

e. Arithmetic Mean 41.0 31.5 41.5 31.0 35.0 23.3 27.0 26.3

f. Standard Deviation 3.4 5.1 8.4 1.8 3.7 2.1 3.2 1.9

g. % of values exceeding 100 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table-3.4 : Season wise Data Analysis of SO2 Values

SO2 Concentration, µg/m3

DescriptionAA1 AA2 AA3 AA4 AA5 AA6 AA7 AA8

I. Summer (May 2001)

a. Minimum 9 8 8 8 10 8 9 9

b. 50th Percentile 14 15 14 11 15 12 15 15

c. 98th Percentile 19 19 18 17 22 15 21 19

d. Maximum 19 19 18 17 22 15 21 19

e. Arithmetic Mean 14.0 13.75 13.42 12.0 15.25 11.67 14.5 14.17

f. Standard Deviation 3.46 3.70 3.48 2.98 3.93 2.39 4.08 3.38

g. % of values exceeding 80 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

II. Post Monsoon (Sep. – Oct. 2001)

a. Minimum 8 7 7 7 9 7 8 8

b. 50th Percentile 12 11 10 10 14 9 10 11

c. 98th Percentile 17 16 14 14 19 12 14 15

d. Maximum 17 16 14 14 19 12 14 15

e. Arithmetic Mean 12.08 11.00 10.58 10.58 14.00 9.17 10.75 10.92

f. Standard Deviation 2.93 2.70 2.27 2.02 3.38 1.59 2.05 2.19

g. % of values exceeding 80 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

III. Winter (Dec. 2001 – Jan. 2002)

a. Minimum 10 7 7 8 8 7 8 6

b. 50th Percentile 13 9 9 10 14 8 10 7

c. 98th Percentile 16 15 11 13 20 9 11 8

d. Maximum 16 15 11 13 20 9 11 8

e. Arithmetic Mean 13.0 12.2 8.9 10.4 14.2 7.7 9.7 7.2

f. Standard Deviation 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.8 3.2 0.7 0.9 0.8

g. % of values exceeding 80 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table-3.5 : Season wise Data Analysis of NOx Values

NOx Concentration, µg/m3

DescriptionAA1 AA2 AA3 AA4 AA5 AA6 AA7 AA8

I. Summer (May 2001)

a. Minimum 10 10 9 9 10 9 10 10

b. 50th Percentile 16 17 15 13 18 14 17 17

c. 98th Percentile 21 21 20 19 24 18 23 21

d. Maximum 21 21 20 19 24 18 23 21

e. Arithmetic Mean 15.75 15.67 14.92 13.92 17.0 13.42 16.33 15.83

f. Standard Deviation 3.98 4.14 3.80 3.68 4.69 3.06 4.54 3.93

g. % of values exceeding 80 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

II. Post Monsoon (Sep. – Oct. 2001)

a. Minimum 9 8 9 8 10 8 9 9

b. 50th Percentile 13 12 12 12 16 10 12 12

c. 98th Percentile 18 19 17 18 21 14 16 19

d. Maximum 18 19 17 18 21 14 16 19

e. Arithmetic Mean 13.42 13.00 12.33 12.67 15.58 10.92 12.25 13.33

f. Standard Deviation 3.23 3.38 2.64 3.28 3.53 1.88 2.45 3.03

g. % of values exceeding 80 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

III. Winter (Dec. 2001 – Jan. 2002)

a. Minimum 9 9 11 12 13 6 11 6

b. 50th Percentile 13 13 13 14 16 8 13 7

c. 98th Percentile 18 15 16 18 21 9 15 9

d. Maximum 18 15 16 18 21 9 15 9

e. Arithmetic Mean 13.4 12.2 13.3 14.6 16.3 7.3 13.0 7.3

f. Standard Deviation 3.2 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.6 1.1 1.2 1.0

g. % of values exceeding 80 µg/m3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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At this location, all SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX and CO values were found to be within the limits of CPCB of 200 g/m3, 100 g/m3, 80 g/m3, 80 g/m3 & 2000 g/m3 respectively for residential & rural environment.

3.1.3.3 Bahror (AA-3)

At this location, SPM values were ranging from 116 g/m3 to 170 g/m3. RPM values were ranging from 31 g/m3 to 51 g/m3. SO2 values were ranging from 7 g/m3 to 18 g/m3. NOx

values were ranging from 9 g/m3 to 20 g/m3and all CO values were found to be below the detectable limit of 114.5 g/m3.

At this location, all SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX and CO values were found to be within the limits of CPCB of 200 g/m3, 100 g/m3, 80 g/m3, 80 g/m3 & 2000 g/m3 respectively for residential & rural environment.

3.1.3.4 Lakshamangarh (AA-4)

At this location, SPM values were ranging from 105 g/m3 to 153 g/m3. RPM values were ranging from 27 g/m3 to 41 g/m3. SO2 values were ranging from 7 g/m3 to 17 g/m3. NOx

values were ranging from 8 g/m3 to 19 g/m3and all CO values were found to be below the detectable limit of 114.5 g/m3.

At this location, all SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX and CO values were found to be within the limits of CPCB of 200 g/m3, 100 g/m3, 80 g/m3, 80 g/m3 & 2000 g/m3 respectively for residential & rural environment.

3.1.3.5 Matsya Industrial Complex near Alwar (AA-5)

At this location, SPM values were ranging from 116 g/m3 to 159 g/m3. RPM values were ranging from 30 g/m3 to 43 g/m3. SO2 values were ranging from 8 g/m3 to 22 g/m3. NOx

values were ranging from 10 g/m3 to 24 g/m3 and all CO values were found to be below the detectable limit of 114.5 g/m3.

At this location, all SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX and CO values were found to be within the limits of CPCB of 200 g/m3, 100 g/m3, 80 g/m3, 80 g/m3 & 2000 g/m3 respectively for residential & rural environment.

3.1.3.6 Khushalgarh in Sariska Forest Area (AA-6)

At this location, SPM values were ranging from 95 g/m3 to 143 g/m3. RPM values were ranging from 21 g/m3 to 39 g/m3. SO2 values were ranging from 7 g/m3 to 15 g/m3. NOx

values were ranging from 6 g/m3 to 18 g/m3and all CO values were found to be below the detectable limit of 114.5 g/m3.

Page No. III-60

At this location, all SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX and CO values were found to be within the limits of CPCB of 200 g/m3, 100 g/m3, 80 g/m3, 80 g/m3 & 2000 g/m3 respectively for residential & rural environment.

3.1.3.7 Karoli on Alwar-Tijara Road (AA-7)

At this location, SPM values were ranging from 95 g/m3 to 172 g/m3. RPM values were ranging from 23 g/m3 to 48 g/m3. SO2 values were ranging from 8 g/m3 to 21 g/m3. NOx

values were ranging from 9 g/m3 to 23 g/m3and all CO values were found to be below the detectable limit of 114.5 g/m3.

At this location, all SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX and CO values were found to be within the limits of CPCB of 200 g/m3, 100 g/m3, 80 g/m3, 80 g/m3 & 2000 g/m3 respectively for residential & rural environment.

3.1.3.8 Ramgarh on Gurgaon-Alwar Road (AA-8)

At this location, SPM values were ranging from 107 g/m3 to 184 g/m3. RPM values were ranging from 25 g/m3 to 52 g/m3. SO2 values were ranging from 6 g/m3 to 19 g/m3. NOx

values were ranging from 6 g/m3 to 21 g/m3and all CO values were found to be below the detectable limit of 114.5 g/m3.

At this location, all SPM, RPM, SO2, NOX and CO values were found to be within the limits of CPCB of 200 g/m3, 100 g/m3, 80 g/m3, 80 g/m3 & 2000 g/m3 respectively for residential & rural environment.

Air Quality Monitoring in the Hot Spots

From the discussion in para 3.1.3 above, it is evident that on a broader scale, the air quality status in the district is acceptable as per the existing norms. In the next step, the areas where concentration of mining and other industrial activities in the hill ranges are more (i.e. hot spots), were identified and air quality monitoring was carried out to assess the air pollution potential. The following are the areas (hot spots) where monitoring were carried out for assessing the pollution potential:

Mining areas near Tehla village Mining areas near Jhiri village Stone crusher

The monitoring result is presented in Table-3.6.

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Table-3.6: Air Quality Status at Hot Spots in the District

Sl No.

Monitoring location Date of sampling

Time of sampling RPM (g/m3)

SPM (g/m3)

1 Mines in Jhiri Area 12.11.02 09:30AM-11:30AM 110.21 245.512 Mines in Rajgarh Area 12.11.02 02:00PM-04:00PM 119.18 218.123 Stone crusher (at 1km

from the crusher)12.11.02 06:30AM-08:30AM 221.41 428.92

In the above areas, the SPM values are found to be above the permissible limit of 200 g/m3. The RPM values are also above the prescribed standards. The reason for high level of SPM is transportation and other mining activities in the area and the crusher operations. It requires pollution prevention measures to be taken in the clusters of mine to safeguard the ambience in the Aravali Hills.

3.2 Water Resources

Human use of land depends on the availability of water, and the lack of water is a limiting factor in many regions like that of Aravali Hills. Where water resources are relatively abundant, this constraint will seldom be confronted except that during extended periods of drought. Where water is not so abundant, this constraint is confronted all the time, so the necessity of water management is of paramount importance in such regions like that of the Aravali Hills. However, one should not conclude that water resource management is only a concern in dry areas. Though water-resource management is such an integral part of the functioning of any society that it may be taken for granted, it is always a matter of professional concern.

Every examination of water resource begins with an examination of the hydrologic cycle within the region of interest (Aravali Region). The water initially falling on the surface as precipitation returns to the atmosphere through evaporation and plant transpiration. This part of the cycle is referred to as evapo-transpiration. Some of this precipitation also moves overland as run-off to streams, lakes and in some areas, the sea. And finally, some of the precipitation moves down into the ground through the zone of aeration, where the soil is not saturated with water. This infiltrating water may reach the level where the soil or rock is saturated with water. This is known as zone of saturation, the upper surface of which is called water table. Water reaching this level, becomes part of the ground water. Each of these elements is linked to the others. A surface water body such as a stream is fed by direct precipitation, by surface run-off and by ground water flow. The atmosphere is fed by evaporation from the ground surface, rivers, lakes and the ocean and by plant transpiration as well. In order to draw water resource management plan of the Aravali Hills, it is therefore essential to assess the water quality of the various components of the hydrologic cycle i.e. stream, ground water, surface water etc.

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3.2.1 Surface Water Resources

3.2.1.1 Rivers/Streams

There is no perennial river in the district. The seasonal rivers, which flow through the district and carry the run off from the hills are Sabi, Rupavel, Chuhar Sidh and Lohdoha. Several of these rivers and their tributaries have been impounded at suitable sites and the water is used for irrigation purposes. The natural drainage is from south-west to north east.

Sabi is the largest river of the district. It rises from Sewar hills (Jaipur district) and enters Bansur tehsil of Alwar district for about 25 kms in the west. It flows in a general north-eastern direction for about 97 kms passing through Banasur, Behror, Mandwar, Kishangarh and Tijara tehsils. The catchment area of the river is about 2795 sq. kms. It carries away the water of the western slope of the central range of the Aravalli hills. Its floods endanger Rewari at times of abnormal rainfall. The tributaries of the rivers Sabi in the district are Mala Soha, Mala Gurha, Shanpur, Nala Machi, Nala Hamirour, Nala Islampur, Nala Raigaon, Adwal Nala, Inderi and river Sona Mukhi.

Ruparel Basin

Ruparel, also know as the Barahor Laswari river, rises from Udainath hills in Thanagazi tehsil and finally terminates in the Bharatpur district. It passes through the Sariska forest from south to north, then turns towards east form Bara, about 19 kms of Alwar City on Alwar-Jaipur road. At this point (Bara) the river leaves the hilly tract and enters the fertile central plains of the district. Its catchment area is about 1538 sq. kms. Its principal tributaries are Narainpur and Tal Braksh, Kali Ghati, Bhartrihari, Hamirpur, Binak, Golaira, Kali Kholi, Sukri, Shamganga, Nalakarot and Chhinad streams. The Ruparel basin covers 3,855 km2. About a third of its catchment area drains into the State of Haryana while the remaining part drains eastward towards Banganga River basin, intercepted on the way by Sikri bund.

Of the total basin area of the Ruparel river, 2404 km2 are suitable for irrigation as per a study conducted by a foreign consultant. Out of this, some 414 km2 are under the command of existing irrigation projects. The total mean annual natural surface water potential of the basin amounts to 210 million m3. At present, the total area intercepted by dams in the basin is 2942.4 km2 or 76% of the entire basin. With the construction of 8 new minor projects proposed by Irrigation Department, the total intercepted area would reach some 90% of the total basin area, leaving practically no scope for further increase of the area intercepted by dams.

The river basin simulation studies show a surface water surplus of 72 million m3/year, with 50% dependability in the planning stage in the year 1995, reducing to 52 after completion of the proposed minor irrigation dams, and increasing to 78 million m3/year by the year 2045, mainly due to siltation of dams. At the final planning stage, the surplus in a 75%

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dependable climatic state is 50 million m3/year, and with 25% dependability, it is 193 million m3/year. As per the study, part of these surpluses may be economically infeasible to harness, and the more logical solution may involve an inter-state agreement.

With the implementation of all the planned irrigation projects, the total CCA in the basin would reach 45.6 kha, which is 19% of the total irrigable land. However, results of the simulation studies show that, mainly because of the sharp increase in higher priority non-irrigation water demands, the area which can actually be irrigated, even in a good year (25% dependability) would rapidly reduce, and reach at the end of the Planning Period just 6.8 kha or 14.90% of the total developed CCA, and all of it is projected to be, by then, under an advanced cropping pattern.

The area outside the command of irrigation projects, which can be irrigated by wells only, could reach in a good year, a maximum of 37.3 kha (15.50% of the irrigable land) with the present level of high priority demand, assuming that ground water abstraction would be restricted to the utilizable safe yield of the aquifers. But with projected increase in these demands, the simulation studies show that no ground water would ultimately be left for an economically viable irrigation by wells, outside the command area of surface water irrigation projects.

The gap between the potentially irrigable land and the maximum, which can be economically irrigated with the water available in the basin, can be narrowed only if water is imported to this basin, which appears to be a doubtful possibility from the economic point of view.

A consultant has studied the Jai Samand Irrigation Project and the cost of introducing necessary improvement and modernizing the irrigation system and conjunctive surface and ground water utilization, by existing and additional wells, was estimated and found to be economically viable, employing a crop mix optimization computer programme.

The consultants have recommended rehabilitation and modernization works, and conjunctive surface and ground water utilization for all other existing irrigation projects in the basin, including additional wells.

Most of the Basin’s aquifers (over 90% of their area) are alluvial, which lend themselves to relatively good well yields and large-scale ground water storage. However, having studied of geological and water quality conditions, artificial ground water recharge as a significant component in the water resource management of this basin could not be recommended.

Domestic water demand projections show an increase from a total of about 58 Mm3/year in 1995 to 102 Mm3/year in 2015 and 190 in the year 2045. Adding to this livestock and industrial water demand, the respective totals are approximately 75, 125 and 221 Mm3/year.

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Based on the study of the Ruparel basin, it was recommended that water requirement of all non-irrigation sectors within the basin can be satisfied with a high degree of reliability from ground water sources, but the demand for the planned industrial growth may not be possible to meet in dry years.

Other Surface Water ResurcesThe river Chuhar Sish rises from Chuhar Sidh hills in Alwar tehsil and flows form west to east up to Piproli and changes its course towards north before entering Gurgaon district of Haryana. It flows about 48 kms in Alwar district and its catchment area is about 616 km2, its tributaries in the district are the nallah of Ghatla, Bassi, Shansha, Shonpur, Mach Tehadpur, Sota and river Khipora Bundi.

The Landoha river traces its origin from eastern boundary of the district at Kala Pahar. Most of the water from the south-western slopes of Kala Pahar, a range of Aravalli hills, flows in landhoha river. The catchment area of this river in Alwar district is about 611 sq. kms. Its tributaries in the district are Holani, Jiroli, Ismailpur, Chairanwera, Sotaka and Golnales and river Bilapur.

The Banganga river neither rises in nor passes through Alwar district but simply touches it near village Ukari on its eastern border. It carries the entire water of the southern hills of Thanagazi and Rajgarh tehsils. The catchment area of this river in the district is about 1416 sq.km. Its tributaries in the district are nallahs of Pratapgarh, Randana, Chhapoli, Deuti, Kodu, Roopbas, Rajore, Ghowar, Kuncha Pahar and rivers Kundala and Nehri.

3.2.1.2 Lakes and Tanks

There is no natural lake in the district. However, there are about 150 artificial lakes and tanks. These tanks have been constructed by the State Irrigation Department to augment the surface water resources for meeting the requirement of irrigation and also to lessen the dependence on the ground water. These are shown in Table-3.7 to Table-3.11 (Source: Rajasthan State Irrigation Department).

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Table-3.7 : Inventory of Tanks in the District

Class: Medium

Location (o ‘ “)Sl No. Project Name Basin NameLatitude Longitude

Live Storage (mm3)

CCA (ha)

1 Harsora Bund Sabi 274830 762720 7.81 2235.002 Jaisamand Bund Ruparel 272900 763545 26.45 4846.503 Tasai Banganga 272215 770500 0.40 3030.20

Total 34.66 10111.70

Table-3.8: Inventory of Tanks in the DistrictClass: Minor

Location (o ‘ “)Sl No. Project Name Basin Name Latitude Longitude

Live Storage (mm3)

CCA (ha)

1 Adoli Banganaga 271600 765300 0.23 38.002 Agar bund Banganaga 271800 761030 2.88 252.903 Ahir Majra Bund Sabi 274730 762530 0.23 40.604 Almadika Bund Sabi 275220 764230 0.34 83.405 Anandpur Shekhawati 280700 762220 0.17 75.906 Atal Bund Banganaga 272230 764930 0.41 43.107 Ateria Bund Ruparail 274000 764930 2.84 24.908 Babriya Sabi 274710 762230 5.29 1614.009 Bagar Bund Ruparail 275320 765430 0.19 38.00

10 Bagh Singh Teliwala Banganaga 272330 764845 1.21 228.0011 Baghor Bund Sabi 274640 764230 0.18 51.8012 Bagola Bund Ruparail 271330 763730 0.81 51.8013 Bakathala Sabi 275130 764530 0.30 57.0014 Baleta Bund Ruparail 272100 763300 2.83 75.7015 Bara Weir Ruparail 272500 763100 3.29 783.7016 Behroz Bund Sabi 274350 763240 1.35 89.0017 Bhageri Kalan Sabi 275410 764115 0.28 28.7018 Bhageri Khurd Sabi 275350 763950 3.54 316.0019 Bhindusi Bund Ruparail 275330 764800 0.42 69.5020 Bhiwari Sabi 281200 765000 0.25 57.0021 Bichgaon Banganaga 271645 764855 1.04 148.0022 Bilaspur Bund Ruparail 275345 765000 1.18 65.9023 Birkhiri Banganaga 270415 762015 1.07 265.5024 Chawandi Kala Bund Sabi 280200 765030 0.26 60.7025 Dera Bund Banganaga 271000 764030 0.85 45.3026 Dewti Bund Banganaga 271000 763000 5.88 1344.9027 Dhamera Bund Ruparail 271700 763400 4.33 636.7028 Dhiriawas Bund Sabi 280535 764800 0.64 91.9029 Dugduga Banganga 270700 764030 0.30 72.4030 Gadwai Banas 254600 741400 0.17 47.0031 Gala Khera Banganaga 271215 770015 0.30 71.5032 Garhi Sawairam Banganaga 271300 764800 0.10 114.9033 Ghatbai Bund Banganaga 272745 764800 1.75 342.0034 Gor Pahari Banganaga 272300 764945 0.41 76.00

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35 Hamira ka Bund Sabi 275900 765200 0.45 29.3036 Hans Sarowar Ruparail 273130 764500 9.23 244.0037 Harsana Banganga 271800 764930 0.93 163.0038 Husepur Bund Ruparail 274800 764700 0.19 62.7039 Imlaki Bund Sabi 281130 765300 0.30 30.4040 Inchaka Bund Sabi 274710 764150 0.90 21.4041 Isapur Bund Sabi 215020 764100 0.43 39.3042 Ismailpur Bund Sabi 274630 764030 0.93 94.3043 Isorada bund Sabi 275930 764725 0.42 104.8044 Jai Sagar Banganga 271015 761750 6.53 946.6045 Jajor ka Naka Ruparail 274235 764200 0.55 109.3046 Jamroli Banganaga 270930 763945 0.29 23.1047 Jatka Bund Sabi 275120 764255 2.08 166.7048 Jatwara Banganga 271530 765400 0.65 155.5049 Jetpur Banganga 271430 761730 2.49 518.4050 Jhalatal Sabi 271430 764845 0.25 48.0051 Jhiroli Bund Banganaga 274930 765130 2.77 425.5052 Jhiwana Ruparail 280900 765030 1.53 126.6053 Kaliyaki Bund Banganaga 275610 765350 2.16 30.9054 Kanwara Sabi 272245 765330 0.12 19.0055 Karoli ka Naka Banganaga 274100 764000 0.45 81.3056 Karoli ki Batai Banganaga 273830 765200 0.17 38.0057 Karwar Bund Ruparail 275635 764400 2.08 263.9058 Khedarpur Bund Sabi 280150 765330 0.96 303.4059 Kho Bund Banganga 271200 762200 0.14 31.5060 Kho Ka Naka Banas 274340 764330 0.17 38.0061 Kirt Singhpur Sabi 275500 762350 0.37 52.6062 Kot Kasim Bund Sabi 280120 764150 0.59 40.5063 Kothi Narainpur Ruparel 271645 763800 0.50 40.0064 Kutina Shekhawati 280400 762630 0.31 108.0065 Lachmangarh Bund Banganga 272230 765130 2.94 551.0066 Lakhnaka Banganga 271415 761400 0.44 40.9067 Lily Bund Banganga 272200 765310 0.43 76.0068 Macheri Banganga 271445 763945 0.08 49.4069 Machroli Bund Sabi 275300 764120 0.76 31.2070 Man Sarowar Banganga 271445 762315 9.08 842.9071 Mangalsar Banganga 271300 762530 15.95 387.7072 Milakpur Bund Ruparail 273300 765400 0.85 39.0073 Nagla Banjir bund Ruparail 273130 764500 2.61 809.4074 Nakhnol Bund Sabi 280700 765050 0.16 102.8075 Navgaon Khas Bund Ruparail 275300 764900 0.17 46.6076 Navgaon Masit Bund Sabi 280520 764910 0.34 40.6077 Navgaon Tek Bund Ruparail 275310 764850 0.17 39.0078 Neemle Bund Ruparail 275100 765400 0.62 39.0079 Nimbola Banganaga 270845 764415 0.33 40.0080 Nirmala Bund Banganga 271215 763430 0.05 3.0081 Patwari Ka Naka Banganga 271445 762815 0.07 16.0082 Pinan Banganga 271545 764500 0.85 79.7083 Pinas Nagal Banganga 271330 764400 0.10 12.0084 Piproli Banganga 273300 764730 0.90 1864.4085 Pratap Bund Sabi 271330 763730 0.26 23.10

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86 Prem Ratnakar Bund Sabi 272930 763700 1.10 33.2087 Pritam Pura Sabi 271310 770130 1.38 297.7088 Qaziwala Bund Sabi 275530 765130 1.50 39.0089 Rajroli Banganga 271445 762545 0.37 32.8090 Ram Sagar Sumushi Ruparail 271330 765930 0.30 71.6091 Rambas Banganaga 275820 764950 0.43 57.1092 Ramlala Wala Sabi 272130 764845 0.43 131.0093 Rampur Bund Banganga 272740 761730 6.12 1052.0094 Rata Khurd Banganga 274130 764100 0.20 75.6095 Reni new Sabi 270930 764430 0.85 148.5096 Reni Old Banganaga 271000 764400 0.39 63.1097 Roop was Ruparail 271330 764500 0.12 60.7098 Sajjanpuri Banganaga 272130 765050 0.09 171.0099 Salwari Sabi 271230 765700 0.12 29.00

100 Saran Khurd Banganaga 280840 765610 1.55 914.00101 Shahidpur Barka Banganaga 275540 765000 0.45 52.20102 Sharod Bund Ruparail 281150 765250 0.42 49.30103 Sileberi Sabi 271930 763145 5.46 836.40104 Siliserh Banganga 273100 763200 12.23 1416.40105 Siryani Bund Banas 280250 762510 0.85 38.10106 Surer Lower Sabi 271200 763645 0.35 72.80107 Surer Upper Sabi 271145 763745 0.35 24.30108 Talab Bund Ruparel 271300 762715 0.35 36.40109 Thekri Bund Shekhawati 271245 763830 0.21 38.00110 Thetra Banganga 271200 764400 0.26 63.10111 Thonsari Banganga 271030 764115 0.85 202.50112 Tijara (Kaliyaki) Banganga 275510 765230 1.63 304.00113 Titpuri Banganga 272230 770000 1.22 290.20114 Toda Bund Sabi 272200 765530 0.85 202.50115 Tohari Bund Banganga 275100 764055 0.76 38.00116 Training Bund Banganga 273800 763530 5.21 143.20117 Tusari Ruparail 272100 770535 3.01 718.20118 Vijai Sagar Ruparail 273600 763500 1.64 359.80

Class-wise Total 172.47 24953.10Status-wise Total 207.13 35064.80

Table-3.9: Inventory of Proposed Tanks in the DistrictClass: Minor

Location (o ‘ “)Sl No. Project Name Basin NameLatitude Longitude

Live Storage (mm3)

CCA (ha)

1 Alwara Ruparail -- -- 0.24 117.002 Amka Banganga -- -- 1.01 144.003 Baduk Sabi 274530 764200 1.19 243.204 Bassangpura Ruparel 272200 763430 5.09 1080.005 Bhagwas Sabi 274700 762500 0.26 45.006 Bigota Banganga -- -- 1.40 400.007 Chandi Ruparel -- -- 0.24 105.008 Danpur Banganga -- -- 0.30 85.009 Hamirpur Sabi 274305 762720 0.17 36.00

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10 Inderpura Ruparail 271600 763700 2.80 759.0011 Iswana Banganga -- -- 0.19 50.0012 Itoli Banganga -- -- 4.20 1200.0013 Kanch Khal Ruparel 273200 763330 0.09 152.0014 Munda Sabi 275200 763600 0.34 67.5015 Nanpur Ruparail 272500 763100 0.33 81.0016 Nathri Ruparail 272500 764200 1.53 304.0017 Nawalpur Sabi 273900 761810 2.26 702.0018 Nigari Ruparail 272945 763130 3.06 621.0019 Tasing Shekhawati 275330 761240 0.12 47.00

Class-wise Total 24.82 6238.70Status-wise Total 24.82 6238.70

Table-3.10: Inventory of On-going Tank Projects in the DistrictClass: Minor

Location (o ‘ “)Sl No. Project Name Basin NameLatitude Longitude

Live Storage (mm3)

CCA (ha)

1 Dholan Ruparail 271400 763145 0.35 117.002 Khanpur Ruparail 274545 764745 5.26 144.003 Patan Malikpura Sabi 280330 765330 1.19 243.20

Class-wise Total 6.80 1187.50Status-wise Total 6.80 1187.50District-wise Total 238.75 42491.0

Table-3.11: Summary of Alwar District’s Projects

CategoryYearMajor Medium Minor

2000-01 Nil 03 140

3.2.1.3 Springs

The district has four important springs at Narianji, Pandupol, Bharatrihari and Bani-Talbaksh. The flow of the Narainji is utilised for irritation and the other springs are allowed to flow freely. Besides these, one hot spring and two cold springs have been observed near the Talbirach temple. There springs occur at the nose of Talbirach anticline, which is faulted. The temperature of the water of hot spring was 40°C on 5.4.1968 and 35°C on 25.7.1968; the discharge of the hot spring was 3 m3/hr on 5.4.1968 where as on 25.7.1968 it was 3.8 m3/hr. The temperature of water from one of the cold springs just adjoining the hot spring was 19°C and the discharge was 2.5 m3/hr on 5.4.1968.

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3.2.2 Ground Water Resources3.2.2.1 Hydro geological Frame-work

The topographic features, physical characteristics and structural features, present in the geological formations, mainly control the occurrence of ground water in the district. Ground water in the area occurs under unconfined conditions in the phreatic zones and under semi-confined conditions in deeper zones in Quaternary sediments, which are the principal water bearing formations. Apart from this, ground water also occurs under un-confined conditions in weathered and fractured portion of the hard rocks. The Central Ground Water Board (Western Region) has carried out the ground water exploration for the district. The findings of CGWB are as under:

As per the report, the sediments in the area form good aquifers depending upon the nature of the material. Valley-fill deposits and river alluvium are the main productive formations. A number of major and minor intermountain valleys occur in the hilly terrain around Chandoli-ka-Bas covering about 50 sq. kms and the other near Bichpuri-Chasika covering 250 Sq. kms. The screen materials comprising cobbles, pebbles, gravel and sand form the principal aquifer in the piedmont slope area, while find sand, silt, clay and kankar constitutes the main aquifer in the central part. Dug tapping valley aquifers yield 40 to 50 m3/hr for draw down of about a metre and sustain pumping for more than 12 hours.

The yield of the open irrigation wells 2 to 4 metres in diameter, ranges between 40 to 390 m3/day with draw down of 1 to 6 m. Yield of the wells depends mainly on the aquifer material and to some extent on the depth of well. In general, yield of the well tapping fine to medium sand is more compared to wells tapping silt and kankar. Dug wells and dug cum-bore wells are more common in western and southern part of the district.

Bored cavity tube wells are most common ground water extraction structures being used for irrigation purposes, in the areas around Kot Kasim, Tijara, Bhindosi and Tapukrah. The discharge of the wells varies from 10.5 to 42 m3/hr.

Pumping tests conducted on the dug wells and screen material aquifers yield 100 to 500 m3/day for a draw down of 2 to 6 m. For a well at Jatiyana, the discharge of the order of 500 to 1200 m3/day, for a draw-down of 2 to 3 meters was recorded. In the central part of the district, a number of tube-wells tapping thick alluvium between Rajgarh and Garika for water supply to Alwar City and Rajgarh, yield 20 to 60 m3/hr, for a draw down of 2 to 7 m.

A number of cavity wells around Banoli and Ramgarh, tapping fine to medium grained sand laden with clay and kankar, yield 100 to 200 m3/day.

Alwar valley of about 480 km2 area extends in NE-SE direction, west of Alwar City. A number of streams originate from the neighbouring hills are found to be lost in the valley. In this broad valley, ground water occurs under phreatic condition in alluvial deposits,

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comprising clay or losses, kankar and sand with occasional gravel. The maximum thickness of sediments recorded is 124 m, of which about 116 m are saturated. However, the saturated thickness tapped by tube wells in Alwar City area varies between 12 & 30 m, while around Itarana area i.e. away from piedmont slope, it varies between 30 and 57 m. In this valley, yields of wells depend upon thickness and nature of formation tapped. Eleven tube-wells tapping sand, gravel and boulders as aquifers, give discharge of the order of 24 m3/hr to 54 m3/hr. The transmissivity of aquifer material in the central part of the valley varies between 29 and 34 m2/day and the permeability values range between 1.0 and 2.4 m/day.

In Itarana area, the sediments down to 80 m depth are almost entirely clayey or silty with abundant kankar and minor gravel underlying the clay, 4 to 22 m thick gravel rests on the bed rock. In the water table zone, below 25 m depth, fine sand, clay, and kankar form the water bearing material.

Open wells yield 118 to 145 m3/day (7 to 8 hours of pumping). In Alwar City area, tube wells yield 22.75 to 54.6 m3/hour for a draw down of 3 to 12 m. In the Itarana-Place area on an average, tube wells yield 18 m3/hr for a draw down of 4 to 18 m.

All along the Sabi river courses, and tributaries in the north and north-western part of the district, alluvial deposits comprising sands of various grades with clay and kankar form the productive aquifers. The lateral extent of these deposits is limited to within 2 to 3 kms, on either side of the river. Most of the area is covered by aeolian sands with river alluvial fills. In greater part of Sabi river courses, the alluvium consists of reworked aeolion sand, gravel pebbles and copples. These are confined to those sections of the river courses where quartzite hills from the major part of the catchments. Small streams in Thanagazi valley carry large quantities of coarse deposits.

In Sabi river basin, the yield from dug wells tapping alluvium, ranges from 100 m3/day to 300 m3/day for a small draw down and these sustain pumping for more than 10 to 12 hours continuously. Around Bansur, dug-cum-bore wells in alluvium yield 700 m3/day to 800 m3/day. The exploratory boreholes in the eastern part of the Sabi basin between Behror and Kotkasim have revealed the thickness of alluvium ranging from 40 to 157 m. Sand, clay and kankar from 40 m to 157 m form the main aquifer. The tube wells yield from 250 lpm to 1000 lpm with a draw down from 25 m to 7 m respectively.

The exploratory bore holes drilled in the district have given the coefficient of transmissivity and storage coefficient range from 27 to 480 m2/day and 2.6 x 2.17 x 10-3 respectively.

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3.2.2.2 Well Parameters

Pumping tests were carried out on eight numbers of representative dug wells in different parts of Alwar district tapping alluvium, phylite and quartzites. These wells were pumped for a period, varying from 67 to 200 minutes and then recuperation was observed. Specific capacity in respect of al the wells was calculated using Slitcher's formula.

The specific capacities of the wells, tapping alluvium, ranges between 0.0346 to 0.097 m3/min/m. The well tapping quartzite gave specific capacity 0.2804 m3/min/m and that tapping phyllite gave specific value of 0.0991 m3/min/m.

3.2.2.3 Depth of Water Table

The depth to water table varies widely depending upon topography, drainage system geology and depth to bedrock etc. In order to study the behaviour of water table, by way of periodical observations of water levels and study of quality and temperature of ground water, 3 National Network Observation Stations were established during 1969 by the erstwhile ground water wing of the Geological Survey of India. The number of stations were increased to 13 by the year 1985, to 36 by the year 1989 and 23 more stations were added till 1996 by the Central Ground Water Board, Western Region, to have the better coverage and representation. Stations were monitored five times in a year i.e. in the months of Jan., April, June August and November. From 1985 onwards, these are being monitored four times in a year i.e. in January, August and November.

The depth to water table ranges widely from about 5 m to about 50 meters below ground level. Water table is comparatively shallow in the south-western, eastern part and in the Sabi river basin and Barah river basin, especially along the river, whereas it is deeper in the north-west and western part of the district. The lowest value 2.72 m has been observed at Ramgarh (May, 1997) and maximum value 47.96 m at Anantpura (May 1997). In general, depth to water level varies between 5 and 20 meters below ground level. About 70% of wells fall under this group. The area where water levels are within 5 m range are around Ramgarh, Nimli, Nawgoan etc.

The depth to water level data of national hydrograph stations for the period from 1969 to 1997, has been monitored by CGWB. Based on the data of these national network observation wells, depth to water level map for the district for May 1997 and Nov. 1997 have been prepared by CGWB. A perusal of these depth to water level map indicates that depth to water is shallow in Sabi flood plain, in the vicinity of Barah river and in the nearby areas mainly in the north eastern parts of the district i.e. north of Harasuali, south of Kot-kasim and east of Kishangarh where numerous streams emerge from hills and disappear in the sandy soil and towards eastern part of the district around Nogaon, Ramgarh, Laxmangarh etc. The depth of water level is deeper in the north-western and western part of the district around Behror, Nimrana and Ananpura etc.

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During the detailed ground water studies for flood control in upper Sabi river basin, a number of observation wells were established and periodic monitoring was done during the year 1980-1981. Along the rivers and streams, network of observations wells were set up at a very close spacing.

3.2.2.4 Water level fluctuation

The hydrographs in respect of National Network Observation Stations have been prepared and studied in detail. A perusal of hydrograph plots indicates a general water level rise as well as declining trend at different places. The data of depth to water level monitored during May 1997 and November 1997 indicate that there has been a rise of water level from 0.11 m to 2.76 m. The decline has been from a 0.03 m. to 0.72 m. On comparing the pre-monsoon and postmonsoon data, it has been seen that water level has risen in 35 wells where as it has declined in 10 wells. The map showing ground water fluctuation between May 97 and November 1997 has been prepared by CGWB. The Central and southeastern parts of the district show a decline in water level as northern and southern parts show rise in water level.

3.2.2.5 Slope of Water Table

The general slope of water table in the area is towards east. In Barah basin, it has a south-easterly slope in the north-eastern part of the district, easterly slope in the major part of the area between Alwar & Nagar, and north-westerly and south easterly slope in the southern part of the area between Rajgarh and Malakhera. However, near Dhakpuri, water table slopes towards north-easterly direction. In the northern part of the district, the general slope of water table in the area is broadly towards north-east direction. The highest water table lies at an elevation of 428.13 m above mean sea level and minimum elevation is 199.30 m (Kathumar). The hydraulic gradient in Barah sub-basin is not very steep and is ranging between 0.6 m to 2 m per Kilometer.

3.2.2.6 Ground Water Resources

There is not much variation in the ground water potential of the alluvial aquifer because of near uniformity in the distribution of rainfall, effective porosity and geometry of the aquifers. Most of the hard rock aquifers are not very potential because of their low porosity.

The rainfall infiltration is the principal source of ground water recharge. Additional source of recharge are through return flow irrigation water, seepage from surface water bodies i.e.canals, tanks and influent seepage from the streams, which contribute in replenishing the ground water body.

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The block-wise ground water resources in Alwar district have been estimated as per the norms recommended by the Ground water Estimation Committee and reconciled with State Ground Water Department. Only the dynamic ground resource of water table aquifers have been estimated considering that the entire ground water regime in each formation as a single medium.

The ground water recharge has been estimated as on 1.1.1995. From the water level data of hydrograph network stations of Central Ground Water Board & Ground Water Department, it has been possible to monitor the behaviour of water table in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period for the aquifers belonging to different hydro-geological units. In addition, Rajasthan Ground Water Department has established a close network of monitoring wells in the district and has identified same potential zones in addition to the water table fluctuation. While assessing the groundwater resources, saline areas and hilly areas have not been considered. The water level data used in these estimates are both of the Central Ground Water Board and State Ground Water Department. The estimates reveal the overall ground water situation in the district as below:

Table-3.12: Overall Ground Water Situation in the District

i. Total ground water resources 610.4196 million m3

ii. Utilisable ground water resource for irrigation purpose. 518.8569 million m3

iii. Gross annual ground water draft. 903.2932 million m3

iv. Net annual irrigation ground water draft. 615.8707 million m3

v. Ground water balance (Deficit) (-) 97.0138 million m3

vi. Actual surplus 74.0292 million m3

vii. Level of ground water development 118.70%

viii. Further irrigation potential that can be created. 18982 ha.

The utilisable ground water resource for irrigation is 85% of total resource, thereby leaving 15% (23.4778 million m3) for drinking and industrial use.

Public Health Engineering Department of Government of Rajasthan, has indicated that 15% of the total ground water resource will be sufficient to meet the drinking and industrial requirements till 2000. The water conservation measures therefore need to be optimally planned so that there is no water scarcity in the near future.

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3.2.2.7 Prospects for Ground Water Development

Ground water estimate reveal that the development of ground water in the various blocks of the district varies from 56.67% to 333.04% for the alluvial formation and from 46.34% to 179.85% for hard rocks as on 1.1.1995. It was lowest in Umrain block (56.67%) and is maximum in Mundawar block (333.04%), in respect of alluvial formation whereas the minimum development is in hard rock at Thanagazi block and the maximum development is in Reni block where it is 46.34% and 179.85% respectively. The overall development including both the formation for the district varies from 60.93% (Thanagazi) to 333.04% (Mundawar).

The aquifers of Behror, Kathumar, Kishangarh, Kotkasim, Laxmangarh, Mundawar, Neemrana, Rajgarh, Tijara blocks and hard rock aquifer of Reni & Umrain blocks and alluvial aquifer of Thanagazi blocks are overexploited and the present stage of ground water development has exceeded 100%.

Under the dark category came the aquifer of Banasur blocks only where the stage of ground water development is between 85 to 100%. Under the grey category fall the aquifer of Ramgarh block and alluvial aquifer of Reni block, where the stage of ground water development is between 65 to 85% while areas where the ground water development is less than 65% and there exists scope for further development are alluvial area of Umrain block and hard rock area of Thana Ghazi block. The stage of ground water development in these areas is 56.67% and 46.34% respectively.

The Table-3.12 gives the irrigation potential that can be created through ground water development in Alwar district.

Although in Kathumar, Tijara and other areas where the ground water surplus for further exploitation is not available, being over exploited areas, it may be stated that in all these blocks, several streams originating during monsoon from the hilly terrain disappear in the alluvial plain with in the block thus adding surface runoff component to ground water recharge. In Behror block, Sota nallah with infiltration rate of 46 cm/hr provides appreciable recharge through stream-bed percolation to the adjoining high well density areas.

As per the estimates as on 1.1.1995, scope for further development exists in hard rock aquifer of Thanagazi block and alluvial aquifer of Umrain block where surplus ground water is available to the rune of 16.30365 and 35.4682 million m3 respectively. Further development in the alluvial and hard rock areas of the remaining blocks may be done very cautiously as they tend to become dark/overexploited if unplanned development is restored to.

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3.2.3 Assessment of Water Quality

The following stations were selected in the district for assessment of the water quality:

3.2.3.1 Jai Samand Lake Water

Jai Samand lake is approximately 10 kms from the Alwar town. This lake has been constructed by the State Irrigation Department to meet the agricultural water requirement of the area. The mining activities are not existent around this lake. This place has been selected for water sampling to assess the surface water quality of the Aravali range.

3.2.3.2 Borewell Water at MIA

The bore-well water was sampled at Matsya Industrial Area (MIA), which is approximately 8 kms from Alwar town on right side of Alwar-Delhi road. This water sampling location is in the industrial complex and also about 3 kms from the Aravali Hills. This station has been selected to assess the ground water quality in the area.

3.2.3.3 Openwell near Ramgarh

This water sampling location is at 2 kms before the Ramgarh town on the Delhi-Alwar Road. This area is devoid of the mining activities. The agricultural activities are prominent in this area. This water sampling represents the ground water quality of the area devoid of the mining activities.

3.2.3.4 Sahibi River at Behror

This is one of the major river in the Alwar district. This river was selected to have an idea of the surface water quality in the Aravali range. However, no flow could be observed in the river during the study period.

3.2.3.5 Mine Effluent

The mine effluent samples from the marble mines of Jhiri and Tehla was taken to ascertain the quality of mine effluent and the water pollutant associated with the mining activities.

The location of the above water quality sampling stations is shown in Plate-3.2. The period of water sampling at the above sampling locations are shown in Table-3.13.

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Table-3.13Season the sampling to be covered inSl No. Name of the Station

Summer Monsoon Post Monsoon

Winter

1 Damdama Pond water 2 Borewell water

between Sohna & Tauru

3 Openwell near Bilaspur 4 Sahibi river at Pataudi No flow was observed5 Mine effluent from Jhiri Covered under winter season only6 Mine effluent from

mines near TehlaCovered under winter season only

3.2.4 Existing Water Quality Scenario

The analysis results of water samples collected from the district are shown in Annexure-III. The summary of the results are presented in the following sections:

3.2.4.1 Jai Samand Lake Water

The quality of the Jai Samand lake water has been monitored for the four seasons. The water quality parameters wherein significant variation occur, are as under:

Table-3.14 : Variation in water quality parameters

The BOD in the effluent sample is comparatively high. This may be attributed to animal dung and other wastes, which are discharged occasionally in the lake. The dried part of the lake is a common sight for animal grazing.

3.2.4.2 Open Well near Ramgarh

The quality of the open well water has been monitored for the four seasons. The water quality parameters wherein significant variation occur, are as under:

Parameters Variation in qualityColour 6-26Dissolved Oxygen 4.2-4.6 mg/litrepH 6.88-7.23BOD 12-16 mg/litreAlkalinity 68-120 mg/litreDissolved Solids 186-468 mg/litre

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Table-3.15: Variation in water quality parameters

Parameters Variation in qualityColour 2.0Turbidity 2.0-4.0 mg/litrepH 7.28-8.13Hardness 132-190 mg/litreNitrate 1.36-2.36 mg/litreAlkalinity 58-136 mg/litreMPN/100 ml 6-12

3.2.4.3 Bore Well Water at MIA

The quality of the bore well water at MIA has been monitored for the four seasons. The water quality parameters wherein significant variation occur, are as under:

Table-3.16: Variation in water quality parameters

Parameter Variation in qualityColour 2.0Turbidity 2.0 mg/litrepH 7.02-7.53Hardness 224-276 mg/litreNitrate 2.02-4.84 mg/litreAlkalinity 248-406 mg/litreMPN/100 ml 6-16

3.2.4.4 Mine Effluent

The quality of the mine effluent was monitored in the winter season of the year 2002. The effluents were collected on 12.11.2002. The water quality parameters for the mine effluent are as under:

Table-3.17: Analysis Result of Mine Effluent

ValueSl No. ParameterMine Effluent (Jhiri Area) Mine Effluent (Rajgarh Area)

1 Colour White Milky White Milky2 Odour Acceptable Acceptable3 Total Suspended Solids 168096 mg/litre 152530 mg/litre4 Total Dissolved Solids 550 mg/litre 524 mg/litre5 Temperature 18.8 oC 19.1 oC6 Oil & Grease BDL BDL7 Total Residual Chlorine BDL BDL8 Ammonical Nitogen 0.12 mg/litre 0.10 mg/litre9 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 2.60 mg/litre 2.40 mg/litre

10 Free Ammonia BDL BDL11 Nitrate Nitrogen 10.9 mg/litre 9.82 mg/litre12 Arsenic BDL BDL13 Mercury BDL BDL14 Lead BDL BDL

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15 Cadmium 0.193 mg/litre BDL16 Hexavalent Chromium BDL BDL17 Total Chromium BDL BDL18 Copper BDL BDL19 Zinc BDL BDL20 Selenium BDL BDL21 Nickel BDL BDL22 Fluoride 0.06 mg/litre 0.04 mg/litre23 Dissolved Phosphate 1.1 mg/litre 1.0 mg/litre24 Sulphide 0.001 mg/litre 0.001 mg/litre25 Phenolic Compounds BDL BDL26 Manganese BDL BDL27 Iron 0.1 mg/litre 0.1 mg/litre28 Total Hardness 356 mg/litre 350 mg/litre29 Calcium Hardness 24 mg/litre 26 mg/litre30 Magnesium Hardness 332 mg/litre 324 mg/litre31 Magnesium 82.00 mg/litre 80.00 mg/litre32 Calcium 9.6 mg/litre 9.2 mg/litre

From the above, it is evident that the water quality in the Aravali range in the district in within the permissible limits. However, the effluent from the mines contains Total Suspended Solids (TSS), hardness and magnesium beyond permissible limits. Since these effluents are discharged on land, it will affect the soil quality. This requires treatment before disposal into the natural system.

3.3 Assessment of Noise Level

For assessment of noise level in the Aravali range in the Alwar district, ambient noise level measurements in four co-ordinal directions were carried out using a B & K sound level meter (Model 2237), with windscreen during daytime as well as night time.

Noise measurements were made at 1.5 m above ground and about 3 m from walls, buildings or other sound reflecting sources. The measurements were carried out in such a way that 1 m away from the sources and 1 m away from the edge of the roads. In order to reduce the disturbances from standing waves, the noise levels measured were averaged over + 0.5 m each of at least three positions. The mean values were taken for reporting.

3.3.1 Noise Sampling Locations

Ambient noise levels were compared with standards in respect of noise for residential area. The noise level measurement were carried out at the following locations:

3.3.1.1 Thana Ghazi (AN-1)

The noise measurement was carried out at this location at about 40 Km from Alwar Town in Southwest direction. This monitoring was done for 5 minutes interval in each quadrant for four quadrants in day and night time. The vehicle movements are the main source of noise.

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3.3.1.2 Behror (AN-2)

The noise measurement was carried out at this location at Baraud of about 47 Km from Alwar Town and 3 Km from Behror in north-west direction. This monitoring was done near tourist complex hotel for 5 minutes interval in each quadrant for four quadrants in day and night time. The vehicle movements are the main source of noise.

3.3.1.3 Ramgarh (AN-3)

The noise measurement was carried out at Ramgarh, which is about 23 kms from Alwar Town in east-northeast direction. This monitoring was done for 5 minutes interval in each quadrant for four quadrants in day and night time. The vehicle movements are the main source of noise.

3.3.1.4 Khushalgarh (AN-4)

The noise measurement was carried out at this location at about 27 Km from Alwar Town in Southwest direction. This monitoring was done for 5 minutes interval in each quadrant for four quadrants in day and night time. The vehicle movements are the main source of noise.

3.3.1.5 Karoli (AN-5)

The noise measurement was carried out at this location at about 15 kms from Alwar Town and 4 kms from Bahadurpur in north-northeast direction. This monitoring was done for 5 minutes interval in each quadrant for four quadrants in day and night time. The vehicle movements are the main source of noise.

The location of the noise sampling measurements is shown in Plate-3.3.

3.3.2 Existing Noise Status

The noise levels were measured at the above-mentioned locations. The report is presented in Annexure-III. The summary of the noise levels measured at various locations is as under:

3.3.2.1 Thana Ghazi (AN-1)

The Leq noise levels ranges between 49.0-49.6 dB(A) and 41.7-44.2 dB(A) during the day and night time respectively. The Leq values are within the limits of Ambient Noise Level Standards.

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Table-3.18: Noise Level Status at Thana Ghazi (AN1)

Leq. Noise Level Peak Noise Level Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Season Time

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

Day 47.1 51.8 49.7 56.1 47.8 53.41. Summer

Night 40.3 49.5 42.5 52.7 40.9 50.6

Day 46.3 51.9 48.3 59.3 48.3 53.32. Monsoon

Night 39.2 48.3 40.3 53.9 45.9 51.0

Day 46.8 52.3 48.7 55.4 47.5 53.53. Post Monsoon

Night 39.6 45.0 40.3 46.8 39.8 45.9

Day 46.3 52.3 50.1 56.3 47.3 54.34. Winter

Night 38.3 46.1 41.3 49.3 40.1 48.3

3.3.2.2 Bahror (AN-2)

The Leq noise levels ranges between 46.8-49.0 dB(A) and 41.6-42.6 dB(A) during the day and night time respectively. The Leq values are within the limits of Ambient Noise Level Standards.

Table–3.19: Noise Level Status at Behror (AN2)

Leq. Noise Level Peak Noise Level Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Season Time

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

Day 46.7 51.4 49.3 55.7 47.4 52.91. Summer

Night 36.1 48.5 37.6 51.3 36.8 49.8

Day 45.3 51.3 40.3 55.2 46.3 53.22. Monsoon

Night 38.1 49.3 38.3 51.3 37.0 50.1

Day 45.8 50.6 48.6 54.6 47.1 52.63. Post Monsoon

Night 39.1 46.2 40.8 48.6 39.5 47.5

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Day 45.3 48.3 46.3 51.3 45.9 49.34. Winter

Night 40.1 46.3 40.8 49.3 40.8 47.3

3.3.2.3 Ramgarh (AN-3)

The Leq noise levels ranges between 48.8-59.2 dB(A) and 45.0-46.6 dB(A) during the day and night time respectively. The Leq values are within the limits of Ambient Noise Level Standards.

Table–3.20: Noise Level Status at Ramgarh (AN3)

Leq. Noise Level Peak Noise Level Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Season Time

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

Day 48.3 54.6 51.8 58.3 49.5 55.91. Summer

Night 42.3 52.7 43.8 55.2 42.9 53.6

Day 44.3 52.9 52.3 57.3 48.3 54.32. Monsoon

Night 41.3 51.9 45.2 56.3 41.0 51.0

Day 46.5 50.8 50.8 54.5 48.3 52.73. Post Monsoon

Night 40.8 50.1 43.2 53.2 41.7 51.8

Day 46.3 51.3 49.3 54.3 48.7 52.34. Winter

Night 41.3 48.3 45.3 51.3 43.1 49.3

3.3.2.4 Khushalgarh (AN-4)

The Leq noise levels ranges between 30.1-44.6 dB(A) and 40.9-63.5 dB(A) during the day and night time respectively. The Leq values are within the limits of Ambient Noise Level Standards.

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Table-3.21: Noise Level Status at Khushalgarh (AN4)

Leq. Noise Level Peak Noise Level Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Season Time

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

Day 43.1 48.6 45.8 52.9 44.3 49.81. Summer

Night 38.6 46.4 40.2 49.1 42.1 47.6

Day 40.9 47.2 44.9 51.3 43.3 50.12. Monsoon

Night 37.3 45.9 39.2 48.2 38.3 48.3

Day 42.5 47.1 46.2 51.3 43.1 48.63. Post Monsoon

Night 38.2 45.0 40.1 47.8 38.7 46.3

Day 41.3 48.3 45.3 51.3 42.3 50.14. Winter

Night 39.3 46.3 42.3 50.1 40.9 48.3

3.3.2.5 Karoli (AN-5)

The Leq noise levels ranges between 43.6-44.8 dB(A) and 38.5-39.5 dB(A) during the day and night time respectively. The Leq values are within the limits of Ambient Noise Level Standards.

Table-3.22: Noise Level Status at Karoli (AN-5)

Leq. Noise Level Peak Noise Level Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Season Time

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

Day 41.2 48.2 43.8 51.8 41.7 49.11. Summer

Night 35.2 44.1 36.8 46.8 35.8 44.8

Day 40.3 46.3 42.1 50.3 40.3 48.12. Monsoon

Night 34.3 43.2 35.1 45.2 34.3 43.1

Day 42.3 45.8 46.1 48.7 43.8 46.93. Post Monsoon

Night 34.8 43.1 36.1 44.8 35.7 43.6

Day 41.3 45.3 45.3 48.3 43.1 46.14. Winter

Night 33.1 46.3 36.3 49.3 35.1 47.3

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In addition to the above, some spot measurements were carried out in village localities in the cluster of mining areas. The noise levels were found to be occasionally high [57-61 dB(A)]. As such, it does not call for noise reduction measures.

3.4 Assessment of Soil Quality

For assessment of soil quality in the Alwar district, the sampling and analysis of soils in the Aravali range has been carried out. This has been done with the following in view:

Soil as natural resource: Soils constitute some of the most basic natural resources we have because they form the substrate in which terrestrial plant life is rooted. Without soil, there would be neither agricultural nor forest. The soil sampling and analysis has been carried out with a view to have knowledge of the distribution, development and preservation of soils that are well suited to the agricultural and forest use. This is considered essential to the management of land for productive use.

Soil erosion: Soils are constantly being removed by a variety of processes that move material from one part of the area to another. These processes are collectively referred to as erosion. The material being eroded ordinarily consists of small particles whose movement is controlled by moving air or water. This erosion represents a loss of soil resources wherever it occurs, a loss, which is often a matter of significant concern.

Soil as sediment sources: The erosion of soil is complemented by the accumulation of the eroded materials at others points of the earth surface. This accumulation is referred to as deposition or sedimentation and soils are a major source of sediments. Sedimentation and the accumulation of sedimentary deposits are perfectly natural processes but they may pose significant environmental problems just as the erosion poses problems.

Soils as water filters: Part of the water falling on the earth's surface moves through soil layers and other un-consolidated materials at the surface. Water discharged onto or below the land surface after human use follows a similar route. As this water moves through the soil, it will interact physically, chemically and biologically with soils. These interactions commonly act to filter out or remove contaminants from the water. This is one of the important functions of the soils.

Soil as bearing material: Structures such as roads, pipelines and buildings commonly are placed on or in soils. The soil must bear the load placed upon it. Some soils have properties that are not well suited to this load bearing function.

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3.4.1 Soil Profiles

The layered structure seen in exposures of soils typically is described in terms of a soil profile. A model soil profile illustrates the system used for designating the layers which are called soil horizons, by letters O, A, B & C. The top horizon (O) in the profile consists of organic material - plant fragments and decaying plant materials. The next layer (A) consists largely of mineral material in which some organic matter is dispersed. The A layer is steadily interacting with waters infiltrating downwards from the surface. These waters are ordinarily acidic because they contain carbonic acid derived from the atmosphere as weak acid and organic acids derived from organic matter in the O layer. These weak acids are more effective near the surface where they react with existing mineral particles to form new minerals especially clay minerals as reaction products. These solutions also carry chemical constituents and suspended fine particles downwards. This removal and downward transport is called leaching and the A horizon is called leached horizon.

At a greater depth, leaching becomes less effective and chemical constituents and fine particle are deposited. The horizon in which the deposition is dominant is the B horizon. Below this is the C-horizon where slightly modified parent material is present.

The soil profile in an arid region displays only a thin O layer, if any. The A layer is also thin, because rainfall is so low that leaching is less effective than in a humid region. The B layer in an arid region may be rich in carbonate minerals. A distintive feature of soil profiles in arid regions is the presence of carbonate-rich layers called caliche. The carbonate-rich layer forms because any water that manages to infiltrate downwards evaporates at a shallow depth, precipitating carbonate minerals at that depth.

Soils are thought of as major natural resources because the potential that any region has for the production of food, fibre and forest products depending upon the quality of the soil in that region. There is no single measure of soil quality or say of the capability of soil to sustain production because different plants have different needs. However, there are general characteristics shared by most productive soils. Such soils have texture that allows water to penetrate to and be made available to, plant roots without having the soi,l become water logged or too dry. A productive soil must also have mineralogy and a chemical character that delivers nutrients both natural and artificially applied, to the plant roots as needed. In addition, the A horizon must be thick enough to allow root systems to develop and to be able to sustain moderate losses from erosion. The management of soil resources, even where they are abundant, requires good information. The need for such information. although always present, becomes more apparent during the periods of heightened concerns, as we have today for the eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills.

3.4.2 Soil Quality Assessment

Keeping in view the above, the soil quality analysis has been carried out in the Alwar district, to assess the potential of the soils to support vegetation in the region. The soil samples were collected from three depths i.e. 0-15 cms, 15-30 cms and 30-60 cms depth to assess the suitability of the soil for the afforestation purposes. The list of soil sampling

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stations is shown in Table-3.23. The soil sampling was carried out both during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period.

Table-3.23Season in which sampling is to carried outSl No. Name of Sampling Station

Pre-Monsoon Post-Monsoon1 Agricultural soil near Behror

2 Barren Land near Ramgarh

3 Sariska Forest Land at Tehla

3.4.2.1 Agricultural soil near Bahror (AS-1)

The soil sample was collected near Bahror to assess the quality of agricultural soil to assess the soil property, which supports the plant life in the area.

3.4.2.2 Barren land near Ramgarh (AS-2)

The soil sample was collected in the Barren land near Ramgarh on Alwar road to assess the quality of soil and nutrient requirement of the barren land in the area.

3.4.2.3 Sariska Forest land at Tehla (AS-3)

The soil sample was collected in the Sariska forestland at Tehla to assess the quality of soil and nutrient requirement for supporting the plant life in the area.

The location of the above soil quality monitoring stations is shown in Plate-3.4. An integrated map showing the location of environmental monitoring stations and the mineral locations in the district is shown in Plate-3.5.

3.4.3 Existing Soil Quality Status

The analysis results of soil samples are shown in Annexure-III. The summary of the analysis results is presented in the following sections:

3.4.3.1 Summer Season

Agricultural soil near Bahror (AS-1)

pH was found to be neutral and in the range of 8.65 to 8.83. Wilting coefficient was found to be 0.7–1.0 and natural moisture content in the range of 0.90 to 1.05. Nitrogen content was found to be in the range of 1296 to 1320 Kg/ha. Phosphorus values were found to be in the range of 3.54 – 3.90 Kg/ha. An amount of 28 Kg/ha of phosphorus is required to be added to make the soil fertile. Potassium values were in the range of 41.6 to 43.1 Kg/ha. The analysis results indicate that 139 Kg/ha of potassium should be added to make the soil fertile.

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Barren land near Ramgarh (AS-2)

pH was found to be neutral and in the range of 8.35 to 8.37. Wilting coefficient was found to be 0.6 and natural moisture content in the range of 1.30 to 1.35. Nitrogen content was found to be in the range of 648 to 660 Kg/ha. Phosphorus values were found to be in the range of 1.40–1.44 Kg/ha. The analysis results indicate that approximately 30 Kg/ha of phosphorus should be added to make the soil fertile. Potassium values were in the range of 65.0 to 72.0 Kg/ha. The soil necessitates dose of 113 Kg/ha of potassium to make the soil fertile.

Sariska Forest land at Tehla (AS-3)

pH was found to be neutral and in the range of 8.26 to 8.56. Wilting coefficient was found to be 0.8–0.9 and natural moisture content in the range of 1.15 to 1.20. Nitrogen content was found to be in the range of 2424 to 2448 Kg/ha. Phosphorus values were found to be in the range of 1.64 – 1.87 Kg/ha. The analysis results indicate that about 30 Kg/ha of phosphorus should be added to make the soil fertile. Potassium values were in the range of 76.5 to 81.1 Kg/ha. Approximately 103 Kg/ha of potassium should be added to make the soil fertile.

3.4.3.2 Winter Season

Agricultural soil near Behror (AS-1)

pH was found to be neutral and in the range of 7.65 to 7.95. Wilting coefficient was found to be 0.7–1.0 and natural moisture content in the range of 1.0 to 1.10. Nitrogen content was found to be in the range of 1205 to 1250 Kg/ha. Phosphorus values were found to be in the range of 4.10 – 4.15 Kg/ha. The analysis results indicate that approximately 28 Kg/ha of phosphorus should be added in the soil to make it fertile. Potassium values were in the range of 41.0 to 43.0 Kg/ha. The soil also requires a dose of around 140 Kg/ha of potassium to make the soil fertile.

Barren land near Ramgarh (AS-2)

pH was found to be neutral and in the range of 8.15 to 8.35. Wilting coefficient was found to be 0.6 and natural moisture content in the range of 0.8 to 0.9. Nitrogen content was found to be in the range of 700 to 715 Kg/ha. Phosphorus values were found to be in the range of 1.30–1.35 Kg/ha. As per the analysis results, an approximate amount of 30 Kg/ha of phosphorus is required to be added in the soil to make it fertile. Potassium values were in the range of 65.0 to 70.0 Kg/ha. The soil also requires an approximate dose of 115 Kg/ha of potassium to make it fertile.

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Table-3.24 : Soil Quality Status

Summer WinterSl.

No.

Parameter UnitAS1 AS2 AS3 AS1 AS2 AS3

1. pH 0-14 8.65-8.83 8.35-8.37 8.26-8.56 7.65-7.95 8.15-8.35 8.10-8.20

2. Temperature C 26.9-27.4 29.6-29.8 29.8-30.1 25-25.3 25-25.3 26.3-26.6

3. Electrical Conductivity mhos/cm 112-120 103-110 95-105 108-112 103-110 98-102

4. Nitrogen (Available) Kg/ha 1296-1320 648-660 2424-2448 125-205 700-715 2400-2420

5. Phosphorous (Av.) Kg/ha 3.54-3.90 1.40-1.44 1.64-1.87 4.10-4.15 1.30-1.35 1.6-1.8

6. Potassium (Av.) Kg/ha 41.6-43.1 65.0-72.0 76.5-81.1 41-43 65-70 78-81

7. Organic matter

(Walkey & Black method)% 2.10-2.25 2.80-2.90 3.98-4.78 1.95-2.25 2.18-2.13 4.10-4.30

8. Microbial Activity

(Evolution of Carbon dioxide)

CO2 evolved/ sq.m. 1.28-1.39 1.21-1.32 1.36-1.41 1.30-1.40 1.20-1.30 1.40-1.50

Grain size distribution9.

a.

b.

c.

Sand

Silt & Clay

Gravel

%

%

%

50-60

34-48

2.0-8.0

46.0-49.0

47.5-53.0

1.0-3.5

28-33

40-54

18-30

50-60

30-48

2-10

48-50

48-51

1-2

30-35

50-59

11-15

10. Textural class -- Sandy Clay Loam

11. Natural Moisture Content % 0.90-1.05 1.30-1.35 1.15-1.20 1.00-1.10 1.25-1.30 1.10-1.13

12. Field Capacity % 5.8-6.1 4.6-4.9 6.2-6.8 6.0-6.2 5.0-5.2 6.3-6.7

13. Wilting Coefficient % 0.7-1.0 0.6 0.8-0.9 0.7-1.0 0.8-0.9 0.9-1.1

14. Available water storage capacity

% 5.1 4.2-4.3 5.3-5.9 5.1-5.3 4.2-4.3 5.5-5.8

15. Bulk Density gms/cc 1.05-1.12 1.03-1.06 1.5-1.6 1.10-1.15 1.12-1.16 1.5-1.6

16. Cation Exchange Capacity Cm/hr 1.56-1.80 1.95-2.0 2.25-2.32 1.50-1.80 1.8-1.9 2.25-2.3

17. Infiltration Rate Cm/hr 2.8 2.8 3.2 2.3 2.7 3.1

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Sariska Forest land at Tehla (AS-3)

pH was found to be neutral and in the range of 8.10 to 8.20. Wilting coefficient was found to be 0.9–1.1 and natural moisture content in the range of 1.10 to 1.13. Nitrogen content was found to be in the range of 2400 to 2420 Kg/ha. Phosphorus values were found to be in the range of 1.60 – 1.80 Kg/ha. In order to make the soil fertile, an approximate amount of 30 Kg/ha of phosphorus is required to be added into it. Potassium values were in the range of 78 to 81Kg/ha. The analysis results also indicate that about 105 Kg/ha of potassium should be added into the soil to make it fertile.

3.5 Socio-Economic Profile

As per the 1991 census, the total population of the district is 22,96,580 whereas it was only 1,77,173 during the 1981 census, thereby registering growth of 29.66% in the decade 1981-1991. The rural and urban population is 19,76,293 and 3,20,287 with a density of 240 and 2475 persons/sq km respectively. In all, there are 12,21,534 males and 10,75,046 females. Among towns, Alwar town is most densely populated with a population of 2,10,146 registering growth of 44.16% in a decade.

Table 3.25: Area and Population of Alwar district in 1981 & 1991

The rural population is over 85% of the total population. In Rajasthan, female workers play a leading role in the earning of the family. Cultivators and agricultural labourers constitute 71.44% of the total work force, household and industrial workers constitute 18.32% and other workers constitute 10.24% of the total work force. Out of the total population, there are 6,97,597 fully employed, 2,29,519 partly employed and 1369464 un-employed persons. The population of schedule cast and schedule tribes is 408311 and 185048 respectively. They form about 25.84% of the total population of the district.

The average density of population in the rural area is 240 persons/ sq km and in urban areas 2475 persons/sq km with an average of rural and urban areas being 274 persons/sq km.

Year Type Area Population Density/sq. km.Rural 8250.60 1574972 191Urban 129.40 196201 1516

1981

Total 8380.00 1771173 211Rural 8250.60 1976293 240Urban 129.40 320287 2475

1991

Total 8380.00 2296580 274

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Table-3.26: Incremental Increase In Population of Alwar District

Year Male Population

Female Population

Total Population

Increase in ten years

%age Increase

1931 406261 362286 768547 -- --1941 446387 397398 843785 75238 9.78%1951 454557 407436 861993 18208 2.16%1961 576234 513792 1090026 228033 26.45%1971 737373 653789 1391162 301136 27.63%1981 927693 827882 1755575 364413 26.19%1991 1221534 1075046 2296580 541005 30.82%2001 1585046 1405816 2990862 694282 30.23%

There is 30.23% growth of population in the district in 2001 compared to 1991 census. It is evident from the above table that during the last two decades i.e. 1981-1991 and 1991-2001, district has recorded approximately same population growth pattern. The population of the district in the year 2001, male, female and child population, sex ratio is shown in Annexure-IV.

Employment Status:

The employment status of the Alwar district is shown in Table-3.11. About 30.71% of the total population is employed whereas 11.47% is marginally employed. About 57.80% of the population is unemployed in the district. This shows that majority of the population is unemployed.

Literacy Level

The overall literacy level in the district as per 2001 Census (provisional) is 50.59%. The literacy level among urban population is 70.54% whereas amongst rural folk, it is 47.20%. Among the rural population, the literacy level among the males and females is 61.36% and 31.40%.

Figure-3.1: Literacy Level among Rural Population

Literate

Illiterate

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Literate

Illiterate

Figure-3.2: Literacy level among Urban Population

Literate

Illiterate

Figure-3.3: Literacy level among rural woman folk

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Table-3.11: Employment Status in Alwar District

Working Marginal UnemployedDistrict/Tehsil Area

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female TotalAlwar District

Rural 46.30% 13.17% 30.71% 1.44% 22.78% 11.47% 52.26% 64.05% 57.80%

Urban 47.72% 04.81% 28.25% 0.17% 01.66% 0.84% 52.11% 93.53% 70.91%

Total 46.51% 12.05% 30.38% 1.26% 19.92% 9.99% 52.24% 68.03% 59.63%

Rural 42.57% 12.48% 28.00% 1.74% 23.67% 12.36% 55.68% 63.85% 59.64%

Urban 47.62% 03.74% 27.90% 0.11% 09.55% 04.35% 52.27% 86.71% 67.74%

Behror

Total 42.92% 11.95% 28.00% 01.63% 22.82% 11.84% 55.45% 65.22% 60.16%Rural 43.73% 07.61% 26.46% 01.80% 21.73% 11.33% 54.47% 70.66% 62.21%

Urban -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Mandawar

Total 43.73% 07.61% 26.46% 01.80% 21.73% 11.33% 54.47% 70.66% 62.21%Rural 44.78% 04.93% 25.93% 00.70% 25.36% 12.36% 54.52% 69.71% 61.71%

Urban 44.61% 04.39% 25.79% 00.25% 04.08% 02.04% 55.14% 91.53% 72.17%

Lishangarh

Total 44.76% 04.88% 25.92% 00.65% 23.15% 11.28% 54.58% 71.97% 62.80%Rural 40.90% 02.30% 25.94% 01.43% 35.71% 17.54% 51.67% 61.99% 56.52%

Urban 58.20% 05.64% 36.83% 00.14% 04.37% 01.86% 11.67% 89.99% 61.31%

Tijara

Total 48.99% 02.80% 27.78% 01.19% 31.03% 14.89% 49.81% 66.18% 57.33%Rural 46.51% 07.15% 28.07% 01.87% 26.53% 13.42% 51.62% 66.33% 58.51%

Urban -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Bansur

Total 46.51% 07.15% 28.07% 01.87% 26.53% 13.42% 51.62% 66.33% 58.51%Rural 47.16% 17.02% 33.16% 00.88% 15.25% 07.55% 51.96% 67.72% 59.29%

Urban 46.95% 04.66% 27.63% 00.135 00.42% 00.26% 52.92% 94.92% 72.10%

Alwar

Total 47.05% 11.07% 30.48% 00.51% 08.11% 04.02% 52.435 80.81% 65.51%Rural 47.79% 08.84% 29.39% 00.82% 18.24% 09.05% 51.40% 72.92% 61.56%

Urban -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Ramgarh

Total 47.79% 08.84% 29.39% 00.82% 18.24% 09.05% 51.40% 72.92% 61.56%Rural 49.04% 15.44% 33.23% 01.13% 21.94% 10.92% 49.83% 62.62% 55.85%

Urban -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Thanagazhi

Total 49.04% 15.44% 33.23% 01.13% 21.94% 10.92% 49.83% 62.62% 55.85%Rural 48.69% 34.51% 42.05% 01.79% 13.25% 07.15% 49.53% 52.24% 50.80%

Urban 43.96% 08.63% 27.33% 00.14% 01.87% 00.95% 55.90% 89.51% 71.72%

Rajgarh

Total 48.28% 32.30% 40.80% 01.65% 12.28% 06.63% 50.06% 55.42% 52.57%Rural 46.61% 13.70% 31.43% 01.83% 27.09% 13.48% 51.56% 59.20% 55.69%

Urban 45.68% 02.72% 25.61% 00.55% 01.61% 01.04% 53.77% 95.67% 73.34%

Lakshamangarh

Total 46.56% 13.07% 31.10% 01.75% 25.62% 12.77% 52.00% 62.00% 57.00%

Table-3.27: Employment Status in Alwar District

Working Marginal UnemployedDistrict/Tehsil Area

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female TotalAlwar District

Rural 46.30% 13.17% 30.71% 1.44% 22.78% 11.47% 52.26% 64.05% 57.80%

Urban 47.72% 04.81% 28.25% 0.17% 01.66% 0.84% 52.11% 93.53% 70.91%

Total 46.51% 12.05% 30.38% 1.26% 19.92% 9.99% 52.24% 68.03% 59.63%

Rural 42.57% 12.48% 28.00% 1.74% 23.67% 12.36% 55.68% 63.85% 59.64%

Urban 47.62% 03.74% 27.90% 0.11% 09.55% 04.35% 52.27% 86.71% 67.74%

Behror

Total 42.92% 11.95% 28.00% 01.63% 22.82% 11.84% 55.45% 65.22% 60.16%Rural 43.73% 07.61% 26.46% 01.80% 21.73% 11.33% 54.47% 70.66% 62.21%

Urban -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Mandawar

Total 43.73% 07.61% 26.46% 01.80% 21.73% 11.33% 54.47% 70.66% 62.21%Rural 44.78% 04.93% 25.93% 00.70% 25.36% 12.36% 54.52% 69.71% 61.71%

Urban 44.61% 04.39% 25.79% 00.25% 04.08% 02.04% 55.14% 91.53% 72.17%

Lishangarh

Total 44.76% 04.88% 25.92% 00.65% 23.15% 11.28% 54.58% 71.97% 62.80%Rural 40.90% 02.30% 25.94% 01.43% 35.71% 17.54% 51.67% 61.99% 56.52%

Urban 58.20% 05.64% 36.83% 00.14% 04.37% 01.86% 11.67% 89.99% 61.31%

Tijara

Total 48.99% 02.80% 27.78% 01.19% 31.03% 14.89% 49.81% 66.18% 57.33%Rural 46.51% 07.15% 28.07% 01.87% 26.53% 13.42% 51.62% 66.33% 58.51%

Urban -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Bansur

Total 46.51% 07.15% 28.07% 01.87% 26.53% 13.42% 51.62% 66.33% 58.51%Rural 47.16% 17.02% 33.16% 00.88% 15.25% 07.55% 51.96% 67.72% 59.29%

Urban 46.95% 04.66% 27.63% 00.135 00.42% 00.26% 52.92% 94.92% 72.10%

Alwar

Total 47.05% 11.07% 30.48% 00.51% 08.11% 04.02% 52.435 80.81% 65.51%Rural 47.79% 08.84% 29.39% 00.82% 18.24% 09.05% 51.40% 72.92% 61.56%

Urban -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Ramgarh

Total 47.79% 08.84% 29.39% 00.82% 18.24% 09.05% 51.40% 72.92% 61.56%Rural 49.04% 15.44% 33.23% 01.13% 21.94% 10.92% 49.83% 62.62% 55.85%

Urban -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Thanagazhi

Total 49.04% 15.44% 33.23% 01.13% 21.94% 10.92% 49.83% 62.62% 55.85%Rural 48.69% 34.51% 42.05% 01.79% 13.25% 07.15% 49.53% 52.24% 50.80%

Urban 43.96% 08.63% 27.33% 00.14% 01.87% 00.95% 55.90% 89.51% 71.72%

Rajgarh

Total 48.28% 32.30% 40.80% 01.65% 12.28% 06.63% 50.06% 55.42% 52.57%Rural 46.61% 13.70% 31.43% 01.83% 27.09% 13.48% 51.56% 59.20% 55.69%

Urban 45.68% 02.72% 25.61% 00.55% 01.61% 01.04% 53.77% 95.67% 73.34%

Lakshamangarh

Total 46.56% 13.07% 31.10% 01.75% 25.62% 12.77% 52.00% 62.00% 57.00%

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3.6 Ecological Set-up3.6.1 Flora in the RegionThe information in respect of the forest was collected from the working plan of the Forest Department. This area, specially the Sariska and the adjoining areas were very rich in floral concentration. The following groups and sub-types along with their subsidiary edaphic and seral types are recognised in the working plan:

Group - 5 : TROPICAL DRY DECIDUOUS FORESTS

Sub-Group-5 B : Northern tropical dry deciduous forests

C 2 : Northern dry mixed deciduous forest

Degradation stages of tropical dry deciduous forests:

- DS 1 : Dry deciduous scrub- DS 3 : (Euphoria scrub).- DS 4 : (Dry grass lands).

General edaphic types of dry deciduous forests:-

- E1 : Anogeissus pendula forest- DS1 : Anogeissus pendula scrub.- E2 : Boswellia forest.- E5 : Butea Forest- E9 : Dry bamboo brakes.

General seral types of dry deciduous forests:

- 1SI : Dry tropical riverain forest- 2S1 : Secondary dry deciduous forest

GROUP - 6 TROPICAL THORN FORESTS

Sub-group 6-B : Northern tropical thorn forests- Desert theorn forests- DS1. Zizyphus scrub

General edaphic, degraded and seral types of thorn- E1. (Euphorbia scrub)- E2. (Acacia senegal forests- E4. Salvadora scrub- 1SI. Desert dune scrub

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The forest in this area is classified into the following floristic series along with the degraded and derived ones:

(a) Series(i) Anogeissus pendula

(ii) Degraded Anegeissus pendula(iii) Anogeissus intifolia(iv) Boswellia serrata, Lannea coromandelion

(v) Grass lands

(b) Facies

(i) Euphorbia nivulia(ii) Dendrocalamus strictus(iii) Acacia leucophloea(iv) Zizyphus numularia.

These forests occur on a variety of rock and soil formations and thus they vary greatly in composition and quality; edaphic and biotic factors chiefly determine their composition, distribution and quality.

The main economically valuable species are dhok (Anogeissues pendula), Salar (Boswellin serrata), and bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus). The most common and gregariously occurring species of these forests is dhok (Anogeissus pendula), which is generally found on all hilly areas and forms almost pure stands of uniform density on good sites. Dhok is generally slow growing, but trees upto one metre girth and upto 12 metres height are not uncommon in favourable localities. At places, where the species has been continuously hacked and grazed, it is found as scrambling bush. Over large areas, the dhok forests have been maltreated in the past, leaving them in degraded condition and in extreme cases, the areas have been rendered completely blank.

Dhok is mostly gregarious but is also found mixed with khair (Acacia catechu), ber (Zisyphus mauratians), kakon (Flacourtis indica), raunj (Acacia leucophloea), tendu (diospyros melanoxylon), salar (Boswellia serrata), gurjan (Lannea coromandelica), safed dhok (Anogeissus latifolia), kadu(Steroulia urons), jhinja (Bauhinja racemosa), Kalan (Mitragyna parvifolia).

Salar is generally found gregariously on higher slopes and plateaus. The other common associates are gurjan, safed dhok, khair, tendu, jingha, saintha, kakon, um, karaya mokhaetc. Bamboo is mostly found along nallas and in sheltered places in the dhok and salar forests. Small patches in most localities support miscellaneous species particularly chhola

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(Buten monosperma) and ber (Zizyphus mauratiana). Grassy blanks occur over large areas, where soil conditions are poor. A substantial area is a covered by scrub forests containing kakera (Maytenus emargimata) and kakon (Falcourtia indica). The ravine lands in the south-east generally support khejra (prosopis cineraria), polu (Salyadora oleoides) and karil (Ca-pparisdecidua), Fairly extensive patches of khair and ber are found growing in scrub on bardas.

As per the working plan of the Forest Department, the forests are broadly distributed as under:

Table-3.28: Distribution of Forests

Sl.N0. Type Area covered in hectares

Percentage of total area

1. Well stocked dhok forests 39979 16.4

2. Degraded dhok forests 71851 29.4

3. Salar forests 30666 12.6

4. Khair forests 24040 9.8

5. Ravine & in land dune scrub forests 16406 6.7

6. Miscellaneous forests 12773 5.2

7. Bamboo forests Overlapping

8. Blanks and other depleted 44490 18.2

9. Existing plantations 4263 1.7

Total 2,44,468 100%

3.6.1.1 The Dhok Forests

Well-stocked dhok forests

These forests are the main sources of small timber firewood & charcoal, and are the most revenue yielding forests. Bulk of these forests is found on the Aravalli Hills and also in Delhi and Vindhyan formation in Sariska, Alwar, Rajgarh, Bayana, Sirmathura, and Dhelpur ranges. The principal species is dhok (Anogeissues pendula), which occurs gregariously and constitutes more than 80 percent of the crop. Other associates are ronj (Acacia leucophloea), tondu (Diospyros melanoxylon), saintha (Bauhinia recomosa), gurjan (Lannea coromondelion), kakon (Flacourtia indica), ber (Zizyphus mauratiana), salar (Boswellia serrata), kadu (Sterculin urens), chhola (Butea monosperma) and khair (Acacia catchu). Mesophytic asseciates like kalam (Mitragyana parvifelia), jamun (Syzigium cuminii), aam (Mangifera indica), gameri (Gmelina arborea), rolli (Mallotus phillipinensis) and bans (Dendrocalamus strictus) are found in moist localities. The under growth mostly comprises of jharber (Zizyphus nummularia), adusa (Adhdtoda vasion), adhashishi (Xanthium strumarium linn), dasan (Rhus mysorensis), jal

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(Capparis sepiaria), gangeran (Grewia tenax), jarkhed (Grewia falvescens), panwar (Cassia tora) and hijhara (Achyranthes aspera), kolikanda (Urginea indica), thor (Euphoribia nerifolia), gugal (Commiphora wightii) etc. and in moist localities marorphali (Helicteres isora), bajradanti (Barlaria spp) and dhavi (Kattfordia furcticosa). In fully stocked areas, grasses are generally deficient and consist of pelarda (Apluda mutica), lampla (Aristida spp) kalilamp (Heteropogon contoritus), sedua (Chrysopogon fulvus) etc.

The growth is generally slow and the height poor varying from 3.5 to 8 metres. In favourable localities, the height varies from 6 to 11 metres or over, but near habitation it is seldom more than 3 metres. The average diameter is 5 to 15 cms at breast height. The trees are mostly malformed, crooked and branchy and only rarely trees with 3 metres clear bole are found.

Degraded dhok forests

Large areas of dhok forests have degenerated due to continued mal treatment meted during the past. Most of these areas are ex-jagir and zamindari forests, some of which were irregularly felled and subjected to unrestricted grazing during the past. The growing stock mainly comprises of dhok and its associates. Dhok is generally found in the bushy form. Ronj, goya khair, thor, grewias, capparis and dasan are gradually replacing the dhok, due to continued hacking, lopping, grazing and browsing. Regeneration is particularly absent and the topsoil has been washed away due to continued exposure.

Ecological Status

In the revised survey of forest types of India, it was observed for the Aravali Forests in Alwar that, "this association links the northern and southern farms of the dry deciduous forest. It is apparently an edaphic climax because although it occurs on various geological formations and different types of soil, under complete protection for 100 years, it has maintained itself and is also regenerating naturally". Besides, it may be noted that both Angeissus pendula and Acacia catechu occur in fairly extensive, nearly pure stands as well as in intimate mixture and it is difficult to recognise any factor determining, which of the two should predominate. "It appears that dhok had, however, been eliminated from the barra areas supporting almost pure khair and ber forests due to repeated hacking and maltreatment meted in the past. Besides, the shallow soil strewn with boulders and rocky out-crops may also be a limiting factor for the Anogeissus pendula to establish itself. Dhok stands are also found in patches of varying extent in depressions, along nallas and slopes of such barra areas. Besides, due to heavy grazing and fires, the regeneration of dhok and also that of khair, both by seed as well as from coppice, is not able to establish itself. Illicit felling have further helped in hastening the process of deterioration of dhok forests. These factors have caused retardation in growth, reduction in density of the crop, and in creation of blanks in many places. In the vicinity of the many villages, the dhok has, therefore, tended to become bushy and grows like a carpet along the ground, and in extreme cases, it has been eliminated altogether in these forests.

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3.6.1.2 The Salar Forests

Salar is the principal tree of these forests, which corresponds to 5/E-2 "Boswellia Forest"according to Champion and Seth. Salar is often gregarious and forms the over wood in an open forest on shallow strata of higher hill slopes and plateaus on a variety of rocks particularly gneiss, schist and quartzite. It is generally found at elevations 400 metres above mean sea level and between 350-400 metres it is found mixed with dhok forests.

The common associates are gurjan, tendu, khirni, safed dhok, saintha, khair, dhaman, nokha and karaya etc. Salar trees are ordinarily 10-15 metres high and 80-150 cms. in girth. The crop is generally open and the average density is 0.3 to 0.5.

Some other species like lodsivali (Nyotanthes arbortristis), khirni (Wightia tomentosa) indrajo (Holarrhena- antidysenterica), barna (Crataeva adinsoni), baincha (Ehretia laevis) along with straggling shrubs like hins (Capparis sepiaria), gangan (Grewia tenax), chapren (Grewin flaveseens) and jhanjhani (Mimosa rubicaulis) are also found. The ground flora supports good growth of grasses like bhanjura (Apluda mutica), goria (Chrysopogon fulyus), rosha (Cymbopogon martinii), ratedi (Themeda quadrivalvis), surwala (Heteropogon contortus), chloris and setavia spp. Other herbs are digora, barleria lepidogathis and peristrophe. The climbers include ratti (Abrus precatorius), Kawanch (Mucuna prurita), Dudhi (Ichnocarpus frutescens), ipomea species etc. The parasite banda (Dendrophthoc falcata) is also seen on salar branches.

The regeneration of salar is generally deficient, however advance growth is available in seedling, sapling and pole forms all over the Alwar forests, indicating that on opening up the canopy regeneration would be forthcoming.

Ecological status

Salar forest is distinctly an edaphic climax. They are least disturbed by the local people, due to their situation and limited use of salar wood. The proportion of salar and gurjan in these forests is progressively increasing due to felling of other species. But near habitations salar is also heavily pollarded.

3.6.1.3 The Khair Forests

Khair occurs singly in narrow belts alternating with other types of forests, besides extensive patches of almost pure khair and ber forests are found on barra lands of Dholpur, Sirmathura and Bayana ranges. In valleys within the dhok zone e.g. in Sariska valley fairly extensive pure patches of khair and ber are found. The common associates of khair are dhok, ber, salar, ronj saintha, kakon, gurjan, tendu etc. Pure khair on plateaus is generally malformed crooked and stunted in growth, giving the appearance of scrub forests.

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Regeneration of khair is generally deficient all over the forest and almost totally absent on barra lands.

Ecological Status

In opinion of some of the authors, it is a facies within the main group brought about chiefly by edaphic factors. However, it may also be classified as bioedaphic type, being maintained due to poor soil and biotic interference. It can’t, however, be classified as subsidiary edaphic type because with progress towards the dhok forest.

3.6.1.4 Scrub Forests

About 6% forest area of this division is covered by scrub forests found on the ravines, and in land dunes. The vegetation is generally thorny and woody, and the acacias, prosopis, dichrostachys, gymnosporia and capparis are the most common species found. There is no differentiation of the canopy and the crop is irregularly constituted.

Ravine Scrub

The forest of this type is confined to the ravines of the Chambal river and its tributaries in Bharatpur district. The growing stock consists mainly of khejra (Prosonis cineraria), pilu (Salvadora oleoides), raunj (Acacia leucophoea), goya khair (Dichrostachys cinerea), karil (Capparis decidua), hingot (Balanites aegyptiaca), khair (Acacia catechu), and chhola (Butea nonosperma), along with occassional sainjana (Moringa concanensis), semal (Bombax ceiba) and gurjan (Lannea coromandelica). The crop is generally irregular and of low density (0.1 to 0.3). Only a few dominants attain height of 5 to 6 metres.

The undergrowth is generally moderate and chiefly consists of berjhari (Zizyphus nummularia), gangren (Grewia tenax), siyali (Grewia flavescens), arni (Clerodendron viscosum) and jal (Capparis sepiaria). The ardusa (Adhatoda vasica) and negad (Vitex nogundu) occur in moist patches. Nahar kanta (Asparagus dumosus), moreds (Capparis zeylenica) and phag (Rivea hypocrate riformis) are common climbers.

The grass is generally thin due to heavy grasing and commonly consists of lampla (Aristida spp.), surwala (Hetronogon contortus), dab (Desmostachya bipinnata), noll arda (Anluda mutica), karad (Dicanthium spp) etc.

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Ecological status

Due to continuous erosion of topsoil and undue biotic pressure, the valuable and useful trees are cut and thus reducing their proportion year after year. Regeneration of economically less valuable trees is however, satisfactory. This type corresponds to 6B/C2-Ravine thorn forest under northern tropical thorn forests.

Inland Dune Scrub

Forests of this type are generally confined to the old deposits of blown up sand and correspond to IS1 Desert Dune scrub (Champion and Seth's classification). The soil is generally dry and impoverished due to lack of humus and the vegetation is principally thorny and zerophytic. The growing stock consists of stunted and crooked trees of kakera (Gymnosporia spinosa), kakon (Flacourtia indica), raunj (Acacia lcucophleea), roheda (Tecomella undulata), chillal (Holoptelia integrifolia), goya (Dischrostachys cinerea), saintha (Bauhunia raeemosa) kheri (Acacia senegal), khejra (Propsopis cineraria), neem (Azadirachta indica).

The undergrowth consists of bushes of khimp (Leptadenia pyrortechnica), akda (Calotropis procera), kair (capparis decidus), bonli (Acacia jacquemontii), kharsana (Crotolaria burhia), sivali (Grewia flavescens) etc. The common herbs and grasses are indigofera species, dhamasa(Aristida species) and Panicum turgidum etc.

3.6.1.5 Miscellaneous Forests including Babul Radies

These forests are found on higher slopes nallas and in depressions and moist situation. Babul radies are found on fairly deep clayey soil patches in Alwar and also in Bharatpur ranges.

The forests on higher slopes mostly consist of safed, dhok, salar, gurjan, bel, kakon, khair, um, mokha, karaya etc. species. On steep and drier slopes, the crop tends to be almost pure salar and corresponds to 5/E2 Boswellia forest in the edaphic climax of group 5 Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests.

3.6.2 Wild Life

Occurrence and distribution

The rulers of the erstwhile princely state of Alwar and the adjoining states guarded their wild life zealously and as such, this division was considered the best in the frequency, occurrence and distribution of wild life in Rajasthan. The well-stocked forests and the ravines adjoining the Chambal river are fairly rich in wild life, although the total population

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now is a small fraction of what it was prior to merger of the princely states. Due to indiscriminate felling of ex-jagir and jamindari forests and also due to poaching and unauthorised shooting with modern equipment, many of the areas have become wild life deserts. Wild life is now mostly confined to Sariska in Alwar and other sanctuaries in the nearby areas.

The fauna of the tract

A large variety of mammals, birds, reptiles and fish are found in this division, many of the rare animals viz. carecal, pangoline and chausingha are also found in Sariska game sanctuary. The incidence of big game animals has considerably dwindled, except however, in the sanctuaries.

Mammals

Big game animals such as the tiger, panther, bear, wold, hyaena, blue-bull, chital, sambhar, pigs etc. are found in fair number in the game sanctuaries where however, the tiger has of lately disappeared except in Sariska sanctuary. The big game animals are also found in hot weather near water holes in the forests of Alwar and Rajgarh Ranges. The small game animals viz. fox, jackal, hore, longoor, mongoose, wildcat, porcupine and squirrel are found practically every where.

The common birds found are rock pigeon, green pigeon, partridges, sandgrouse, quail, jungle fowl, parakeet, sparrow, babbler, peafowl, eagle, crow, dove, bulbul, myena, teals, blue jay and nightjar. Amongst the water birds darter, cormorant, saras-egret, ibis, stork, lapwing teal and coots are noticed frequently near the rivers and tanks.

Reptiles

Crocodile is found in Siliserh, Jaisamand etc. tanks, but their number has considerably dwindled bringing it on the verge of extinction. Snakes and lizards are found in all the forests of the division. Amongst the poisonous snakes, cobra and Russle's viper are the most common. The incidence of crate bite is also occasionally met with. Water snakes are also seen in various tanks. Both rock and water tortoise is also seen in this division.

Pisces

Fish fauna is also rich because of numerous water resources in the Division. The common edible fish are Rohu (Labeo rohita), Kalbasu (L. calbasu), Mrigala (Cirrhinus mrigala), Sanwal, Singhi and Barada. The fisheries Department is encouraging cultivation of major species namely Rohu, Kalbasu, Mrigala, and Sanwal in most of the bunds and tanks. They fetch

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considerable revenue to Fisheries Department. The common markets are Agra, Delhi, Alwar, Bharatpur & Dholpur.

Management of Sariska Wild Life Sanctuary

The Sariska Wild Life Sanctuary exists in this division, which is managed by a separate Wild Life Wing of the Department controlled by the Chief Wild Life Warden (Deputy Chief Conservator of Forests). The salient features of their management are as under:

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRACT

Name and Location

The Sariska Wild Life Sanctuary and its adjoining areas, both together constitute the Tiger Reserve. The Reserve wholly lies in the civil district of Alwar and located in the oldest hill ranges of the Aravali, spreading over the tract starting from Mount Abu culminating at the Delhi ridge. The reserve lies on Delhi Jaipur State highway via Alwar at a distance of 198 kms from Delhi, 38 kms from Alwar and 108 kms from Jaipur.

Total forest area

With the inclusion of some un-classed forests in this plan & final settlement of some protected forest blocks, the area of the sanctuary comes to 49637 hectares constituted into a separate range (Sariska) as follows:

Total R.F. area in the Sanctuary : 31177 ha Total P.F. area in the Sanctuary : 13790 haTotal un-classed forest area : 4670 haTotal : 49637 ha

Water supply

Out of the water-courses which exist in the tract, only 7 are perennial. They are: Bandipul River;

Algwal Nala;

Pandupole Nala;

Tuda Nala;

Tarunda Nala;

Udainath Nala; and

Talvrish (Hot water spring)

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Wells

During the erstwhile Alwar State (before 1947), water troughs (small tanks like `Khelis') were constructed and they were filled during summer months by transporting water from a number of wells, which were specially dug for this purpose. A few of the existing are as follows:

Table-3.29: Details of the wells

Sl. No. Location Condition of well

1. Isawalia Pucca & in working order

2. Nabawala Pucca & in working order

3. Slopke Pucca & in working order

4. Kalighati Pucca & in working order

5. Tarunda Pucca out of order

6. Sariska Pucca and in working order

7. Kankwari Pucca and in working order

8. Ghanka Pucca and in working order

Natural features of Tourism interest

Sariska has already come to be known as an important sanctuary of India. In addition to the faunatic importance, there are a number of places of historical, archaeological as well as religious significance. They are:

PANDUPOLE: `Pole' means `gate' considered to be made by the Pandavas. This is said to be the place where Pandavas spent their period of exile. This is a natural arc carved out in limestone by the action of water. There is a famous temple of Hanuman where thousands of pilgrims come for puja in the months of July, August and September. This is situated in the heart of the Sanctuary.

BHARTHARI TEMPLE: The place is where the Maharaja Bharatari of Ujjain meditated and passed to enternity. His `Samadhi' is the destination for darshan for thounsands of the people. The temple is on the fringe of the forest.

NEELKANTHA TEMPLES: The temple of Neelkantha are situated at a distance of about 22 kms from Sariska, in the Sariska Reserve. The temple of Hindu God `Shiva' is in good condition and is in worship, while about 32 old temples of Hindus and Jains are in ruins. A few of them have been recovered and are looked after by the Archaeological Department, Government of India. There is a Museum of rare places of act. But it is more like a storehouse than a display museum. The carvings, specially the expression on

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human figures are most fascinating. Neelkantha is really an important place from religious, historical and archaeological point of view. These sculptures are from 6th

century to 13th century A.D.

KANKWARI FORT: The Fort is about 15 kms. away from Sariska, situated on a small but steep narrow ridge in Kankwari Reserve Forests. It is of historical importance. The Moghul Emperior Aurangzeb, is said to have imprisoned his younger brother Darah Shikoh in this Fort. Surely, during those medieval days such an isolated place in the thick forest, must have been a real isolation. The architect of the Fort is interesting.

TALVRIKSH: Rhesus monkeys are found in hundreds. A kund (tank) of hot springs and a temple are the special feature. It is 16 kms away from Sariska.

SARISKA PALACE: The place was constructed by the late Maharaja Mangal Singhji (1874-92) to commemorate the visit of the Duke of Cannot (Son of Queen Victoria) who came to Sariska for a Royal Shoot. The palace was very much fascinated by the landscape and the natural beauty of the valley. It is said that Maharaja Mangal Sindhji organised a hurried function of laying foundation stone of this palace by the duke. Maharaja Jai Singh later completed the palace in 1894. The palace is of its own kind in space, style and interior fittings.

Typical fauna

The herbivorous animals are Sambhar, Nilgai, Chital, Wild boar and Chausingha. They are distributed through out the area. Their distribution pattern is governed by the food habits. Deep dense woody areas mainly in the valleys like Kalighati, Silibery, haj, Naldeshar, Panidhal, Bandipur etc. are occupied by the Sambhar while outskirts of these valleys which are having plain land with modest slope are liked by the chital, nilgai and wild boars. The scrub level type of forest is liked by four-horned antelope. They are seen in open patches in Slopka, Kalighati and Silibery forest area. The langur is common through out but their concentration is near temples. Rhesus monkey is also found near religious places. Here is commonly seen through out the plain areas on sides. The porcupine is distributed all over the Reserve.

The tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus) are the principal predators. The caracal (Caracal-carcal), jungle cat (Felis chaus) are other efficient predators found in the Reserve. The jackal (Conis Aureus), jungle cat, small India Civet, Palm Civet (Paradoxurus herma phroditus), mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi), hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) are both predators and scavengers. They are common through out the Reserve.

Important niches of tigers are Bandipol, Algwal, Tarunda, Tuda, Chhailipaj, Chamodi, Naldeshwar, Silibery, Udainath, Slopka, Panidhal, Bhangani, Kalighati and Jhaj. The leopards prefer out skirts of the forest tract but also live in the tiger niches. There is no competition among these as food range of the species is different and the overlap is little limited to fawn or deer and antelopes and piglets.

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The hyaena, jackal, jungle cat, mongoose and ratel are scavengers. They scavenge the left overs of large predators as well as those who die of natural or other causes. Common Craffin, Scavengine and king vulture (Sarecogyps calvus) are found in the region. They are the most efficient cleaning agents.

The recently introduced domestic pigs which have emossed with the wild pig (Sus sarofa) are now the most tenacious scavengers. They even harass the owners of the kills, including tigers.

Sariska Reserve deserves a special mention for its avifauna. Peafowl (Peo cristatus) is the largest gallecious bird. It would not be wrong to state that the population density of this species is highest as compared to any other Reserve of India. It feeds on almost every thing including seeds, fruits, growing shoots, insects, white ants, lizards and snakes. They have not been seen feeding on left over carcasses. In turn, it forms the food range of leopards, carcal and at times of tigresses with cubs.

Drive along forest roads gives an impression as if Sariska Reserve is a breeding Centre or farm of Grey Partridges (Francolinus pondicernua) and Bush qualls. Black Partridge (Prancolinus francolinus) too is found in pairs but in much fewer units. Flocks of green pigeons (Crocopus phoenicopterus) are commonly seen on trees and they rarely come on ground except for drinking. The outskirts of the Reserve are full of the common and Pintail Sandgrouse (Pterodes spp.). The blossom headed parakeets (Phittacula eupatrid) feeding on berries make themselves conspicuous. The Rosering and Alexander Parakeets (Psittacula spp.) are also seen. Bulbuls (Molpastes) flock on shrubs and lapwings (Lobipluvia spp.) live near waterholes. At nights, rising of Night-jars from the road give a pleasant surprise. Owls, the homed-owl fishing owl and owlets are often seen at night.

Influences and local customs:

(a) Villages:

There are following 17 Revenue villages located inside or on the outskirts of the Buffer zone of the above tract. The main profession of the people is agriculture and rearing of cattle for milk. They keep buffaloes, cows, goats and sheep.

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Table-3.30: List of villages in Sariska Area

(1) Madhogarh (2) Kushalgarh

(3) Indok (4) Kala Chara

(5) Nagal haidi (6) Bairawas

(7) Dunarmala (8) Rekhamala

(9) Kundalka (10) Karna-ka-Bas

(11) Kaniyawas (12) Mithrawat

(13) Rajor (14) Garh

(15) Deeri (16) Siraska and

(17) Dabli (Rotkyawala)

These are all Gujar and Mina villages. They do not kill wild animals but one or two houses of Bawarias (Shikari) employed for protection of their (villagers crops, also form part of the village complex. This one house of 5 to 6 members do all the damage of killing all species of wild animals, including lizards and jackals.

Animal censusThe wild life census conducted by the sanctuary staff is given below:

Table-3.31: Animal Census

Sl. No. Name of animal 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77

1. Tiger 5 11 14 19 11

2. Panther 10 40 40 45 10

3. Sambhar 330 800 800 1500 600

4. Blue bulls 725 300 300 400 900

5. Wild boars 50 200 800 -- --

6. Spotted dear 150 340 540 550 700

7. Four horned antelope

150 30 30 65 20

8. Chinkara 9 20 20 -- --

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Grazing of domestic cattle

As per the Working Plan, there are 7 grazing camps (Guadas) in the Sanctury in Sariska Range. These Guadadars mostly keep domestic cattle, buffaloes, cows and goats in large number, which cause disturbance and upset the grazing capacity of the habitat. Every year their number is increasing and depleting the fodder resource. This is influencing the population of wild animals. The domestic stock also acts as medium of communicable animal diseases. The over grazed ranges is now infested with obnoxious weeds.

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CHAPTER-IV ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF ARAVALI HILLS

1. Vide Gazette Notification of Ministry of Environment & Forests dated 7th May, 1992, Government of India has restricted various developmental and industrial activities in Alwar district. For environmental clearance of the projects, project proponent has to submit Environmental Statement Report along with Environmental Management Plan.

In large-scale mining projects, the applicant is asked to submit detailed mine plans on mining and processing methods, the technology being used, the financing plan and the environmental management plan (including reclamation) and the training and local benefits envisaged but what it still require is a proposal on district level as to what will be mined, how it will be mined and with what method, how the financing will be arranged, what are the areas of environmental concerns (keeping in view the regional character) which need to be addressed by the entrepreneur. This does not seem to be adequately addressed keeping in view the environmental degradation of the Aravali Hills.

2. The Aravalli Notification restricts process and operations under certain categories of the land in the district. Though the records of such lands are available at every village level map, there is no record available in the district level in respect of these areas to undertake realistic appraisal & effective monitoring of mining and other projects at the macro level on such lands.

3. Vide Gazette Notification of Ministry of Environment & Forests dated 29th November, 1999, Government of India has interalia made provision for preparing the Master Plan integrating the environmental concerns and the future land use of the area. The Master Plan of the Alwar District covering the following parameters which are required to promote environmentally benign mining and other operations, has so far not been prepared:

Land use planning: clearly specifying the areas for overburden dumps, waste material stocking sites, area earmarked for plantation alongwith the species, site for CETP and common bio-medical waste management facilities, hazardous waste dumping sites etc.

Economic zoning and siting of industries based on categorization of industries with reference to their pollution potential from A to H category

Natural Resource Assessment Water Resource Status Landscaping

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Indicating the proposed eco-restoration plan to compensate the environmental degradation

District Level Plan showing the restricted areas as per Aravali Notification, 1992

Planning for the rehabilitation of waste land and salt affected land Rehabilitation programme for the abandoned mine areas either to

convert these to water reservoirs and eco-parks or reclamation by rural waste, urban waste or fly ash.

4. Though the air quality on the regional basis shows the parameters within the specified limits, the areas near crushing zone and active mining zone remains a matter of concern. In the mining and the crusher areas, the concerted efforts have not been given to the quality of roads and the dust suppression measures, to maintain the air quality within safe limits.

5. In most of the crusher units, the environmental compliance is inadequate. Wind breaking walls are not proper; pollution control devices are not operating and the green belt around the crushing units are not maintained.

6. It is difficult to operate the small mines with due consideration of safety and conservation. Besides, the identification of mines is also difficult. It is not possible for the regulators to immediately identify the mine, which is defaulter in respect of pollution control.

7. There does not seem to be a mechanism to upgrade the mining technologies and methodologies to minimize the impacts due to mining in the hot spots in the district. Also, there has not been considerable effort to undertake environmental projects in the district with sufficient start-up fund except a few.

8. There does not seem to be a mechanism to ascertain that the mining method proposed for a particular project will result in optimum exploitation of the resource and that there is competency in mining and environmental management.

9. For the small mines, it is difficult to carry out concurrent reclamation. Besides, the miners are not getting land where over burden could be temporarily dumped prior to being utilized for void filling.

10. There is inadequate data in respect of environmental quality in the area. Since the area encompasses mines and industries, sharing of financial burden for generating these data on strategic locations, which is very much required, is practically absent. This not only poses the problem in effective compliance of the environmental standards but also in creation of the database for future planning in the district, as lot of industrial and housing growth is anticipated here in the near future.

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11. Inadequate knowledge and will on the part of mine and industrial operators in respect of the environmental impacts due to mining and industrial units respectively, is one of the key factors in environmental damage caused in the district. Because of the lack of knowledge of how to exploit the resource, maintain standards, the environmental degradation takes place. Since the environmental degradation has already occurred in many places, it is imperative on the part of the State Government to carry out, and pay, for the clean-up without necessarily closing the mining and other industrial operations at such places. Even at some places in the mining and industrial areas, government may take steps for environmental upgradation and recompense for these expenses through a garnishee of income from future activities, thus making the polluter pay, but on an incremental basis and without affecting the continuation of the operation. There does not seem to be a mechanism for the above. Besides, there also does not seem to be frequent consultation of the mine and industrial operators with the State Pollution Control Board to take steps, whatever and whenever required, for environmental betterment.

12. In the Aravali Range, there exists open access system of the plant resources available which is used for fodder and fuel. As is evident from Figure-4.1, community controlled regulated access system is required for sustainable common land system in the Aravali Range, is inadequate.

13. As far as consumption of fodder is concerned, the following units are taken to estimate the fodder consumption:

o 1 cow or bullock - 1 cattle unito 1 buffalo - 2 cattle unitso 1 goat - 1.5 cattle unito 1 sheep - 1 cattle unit

In the district, the percentage of goats and sheep is significant in the live stock population. The fodder consumption for these animals are either comparable (in case of sheep) or more (in case of goat). The herd of goat and sheep are commonly seen on the Aravali hills. They consume substantial amount of fodder and thus reduce the vegetation on the hills.

14. Since the percentage of goats and sheep is significant, there is lesser availability of dung as fertilizer and as the fuels. There is growing consumption of chemical fertilizers, which due to high ground water level, may increase the salinity in most part of the district. Besides, since the fuel availability is lesser, there is increased dependence on the forests for fuel. This has also led to reduction in vegetative cover in the district.

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15. The pace of the afforestation programme in the district need to be speeded up. In the afforestation programme, unless due care is taken about the need of the people, the programme may not be successful. The pace of the social forestry programme, therefore, also need to be speeded up.

16. The environmental programmes being executed in the district need to consider the participation of people and specially the women folk. There does not seem to be adequate awareness amongst the people in respect of the environmental problems, which exist in the Aravali hills, the efforts that they can take to minimise the damage to environment. The self-employment opportunities are lesser which induces to illegal mining.

17. Due to its proximity to Delhi and the infrastructural facilities the district has, there is further potential for industrial and housing growth in the district. So far little effort seems to have been made to integrate the planning process with the environmental sensitivity of the district.

18. Considerable portion of soil has become saline due to various factors. Little effort has been made to rehabilitate the saline land. Unless proper efforts are taken to control, it may render considerable portion of land into wasteland.

19. Water is one of the critical resources in the district and therefore, considerable efforts are required to conserve this precious natural resource.

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CHAPTER-VENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

5.1 Environmental Impact Assessment

From the foregoing discussion in the previous chapters, it is evident that in the Alwar district, there exist a number of mining projects, crushers, processing plants etc. Given the resources existing in the district, there is potential to further increase the developmental activities. All these additional activities will have impact on the existing environmental set-up in the district. In order to take stock of the environmental problems, CPCB and CMPDI team made several visit to Aravali Hills and held discussion with the mine operators, State officials and local people. The environmental impact of these activities is assessed based on the existing environmental setup and these are detailed hereunder.

5.2 Environmental Impact due to Mining Activities

There exist a number of mining projects in the district. In the Rajgarh and Jhiri areas, the mining projects occur in clusters. In other parts of the district, these are scattered and atplaces, the mining projects are associated with processing plants as well. The environmental impact due to mining projects in the district may be as under:

5.2.1 Air Quality

The air quality in the cluster of mining projects (in Jhiri and Rajgarh areas) has been found to be above the acceptable limits as per prescribed norms. The reason behind this is that though the mining units are small and the operations are carried out at a smaller scale, but the cumulative effect of the mining operations in clusters renders the level of air quality beyond the permissible limit. In some of the mines, the operations are being carried out through manual means. For the scattered mines, there does not seem to be a problem relating to the air quality as the ambient air quality exhibit a greater flexibility to absorb the deterioration in its quality both in terms of particulate and gaseous emissions. However, for a cluster of mines, the major factor for the particulate matter emissions is plying of trucks on the roads for the transportation of material and minerals. Since these roads are not metalled, they give rise to emissions of particulate matter. Opening of additional mining projects in these cluster zones may increase the dust level in the ambience, which may be harmful to the nearby village community. The hot spots in terms of air quality are given in Plate-5.1.

5.2.2 Water Quality

The water quality of the effluent from the cluster of mines especially the marble mines were monitored. The mining operations consume considerable quantity of water for marble cutting etc. The effluent from the mines are white is colour and the concentration

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of suspended solids is more than the permissible limits. The concentration of other water quality parameters have been found to be within permissible limits. Apart from the above, the surface run-off from the overburden areas is also likely to be contaminated. The effluents are discharged on land without treatment, which is likely to affect the soil quality. Opening of additional projects in these clusters will increase the quantum of effluents having such characteristics. There does not exist natural stream in the vicinity of such clusters and wherever there is one, the discharge is practically absent. The only option before the mine operators are to discharge the effluent on land. Since, it is likely that quantum of such effluents will increase, this warrants taking suitable corrective steps to prevent the pollution arising out of discharge of effluents from the mining operations.

5.2.3 Noise Level

The noise level in the mining areas and also at various monitoring locations spanning in the Aravali Range in the district has been found to be within the tolerance limits. Given the small-scale operations in the mining projects, coming of additional mining projects in the district is not likely to create noise pollution as such. However, the noise level in the vicinity of Sariska Forests, due to coming of additional projects in the nearby areas, needs vigilance, as faunal species are more sensitive to the noise pollution.

5.2.4 Soil Quality

The mining operations do not generate any substance, which is harmful to the soil quality. However, the disposal of mine effluent over the land will affect the quality of the soils over which they are discharged. Coming of additional dolomite projects in the district is likely to have adverse impact on the soil quality. This requires prior treatment of effluent before disposal.

The analysis of the satellite data indicates that 172.00 sq kms area (which is 2.05% of the total area of the Alwar district), is affected by salt incrustation. This makes the land unproductive. The development of the salt affected soil is primarily associated with fluctuation of ground level. Unless the reclamation measures are taken, the areas having salt incrustation are likely to increase.

5.2.5 Over Burden

The overburden material is being dumped outside and reclamation of the dumps has not been attempted in most of the cases. It is learnt that the mining projects, generally being small in size, do not find place to temporarily stock the over burden material, before they are finally disposed of in the void created due to extraction of minerals. This problem is very common to all the mine operators. Due to opening of more projects in the district, this problem is likely to increase. Temporarily stocking of the topsoil, the over burden, other waste material and their reclamation are crucial issues which will require proper and pro-active addressal in the years to come because of likely increase in mining activities.

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5.2.6 Land Use Pattern

As far as mining projects are concerned, the land use pattern due to mining and dumping of overburden is one of the crucial dimensions and possibly one of the foremost considerations requiring attention of the planners, for promoting environmentally sustainable mining operations in the Aravali Range. Due to mining operation, land degradation takes place and there seems to be little work done to contain the land degradation process through reclamation of the degraded land in a systematic manner. The hot spots in terms of land degradation are shown in Plate-5.1. There has not been systematic approach to carry out the mining and as a result, abandoned patches have been left unattended. Also, since the majority of the mines in the district being small, it is very difficult to carry out concurrent reclamation. Due to coming of new projects in the district, this problem of land degradation is likely to be further aggravated. This land degradation will have impact on the vegetation cover, which will affect the faunal species.

The remote sensing survey reveals that 990.62 sq km area (11.82%) of Alwar district is covered by barren rocky land and 507.91 sq kms area (6.06%) is affected by gullied land. This warrants immediate steps to achieve the eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills.

5.2.7 Socio-economic Impact

From the Census of Alwar district, it is evident that majority of population is unemployed. The small mining sector offer opportunity to the local people in earning their livelihood through both direct and indirect employment. Thus there is positive impact on the economic status in the region. Upcoming of new projects will further increase the employment potential to local people. However, due to unemployment in the district, locals are also tempted towards illegal mining, thus posing threat to Aravali hills.

5.3 Environmental Impact due to Processing Plants

There exist a number of crusher plants apart from other industrial projects in the district, which are enlisted in Annexure-II of this report. The crushers are located individually near the mines and are not located in zones. The environmental impacts due to crushing plants in the district is detailed hereunder:

5.3.1 Air Quality

The air quality in the vicinity of the crusher plants has not been found to be within acceptable limits as per prescribed norms. The reason behind this is that at the crusher units, there are inadequate pollution prevention measures undertaken. These are:

Absence or inadequate provision for dust contaminant-cum-suppressing system

Inadequate provision of wind breaking walls Absence of metalled roads connecting the crusher locations

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Regular cleaning & wetting of the ground inadequate Absence or inadequate green belt around the crushing plant Absence or inadequate chutes in the crusher units

Opening of additional crusher units in the area may increase the dust level in the ambience, which will be harmful to the nearby village community.

5.3.2 Water Quality

In the crusher units, the water is required for dust suppression and human consumption purposes. There is no other mode of consumption of water in the crushing plants. There is no source of effluent generation from the crusher units either. So due to coming up of new crushing units in the district, there will be no impact on the water quality.

5.3.3 Noise Level

The noise level at various monitoring locations, spanning in the Aravali Range in the district, has been found to be within the tolerance limits. However, the noise level in the vicinity of the crushing units shows the level more than the permissible limits. Since the crusher units are not located in zone, there is little impact on the ambient noise level. However, the local impact is there. This local impact is imparted not only by the crusher unit operations alone but also due to vehicular movement for transportation of stones and other materials. During the operation time of the crushing units, the noise level in the nearby villages show the level more than the prescribed standards. But occurrence of these high noise levels is only occasional and do not require permanent measure for noise level control at present.

5.3.4 Soil Quality

The crushing operations only involve crushing of the stones brought from the nearby or from outside mines. This does not involve removal or any other operation relating to soil. As such, there is no impact on soil quality due to crushing operations. Coming of new projects in the district, therefore, will not affect the soil quality.

5.3.5 Solid Waste

In the crushing units, the raw materials, which are stones etc., are brought from the mines, crushed in the plant and the product is dispatched thereafter. The process is such that little waste material is generated during the crushing operations. However, the raw material and the product are to be temporarily stocked at the site before they are consumed and/or despatched. Coming up of additional crushing units will not generate solid waste and as such will have no impact on the existing environmental setup in the district.

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5.3.6 Land Use Pattern

Location of the crusher units involves only a small portion of the land. The operation of the crusher plant does not involve removal and handling of the soils. It involves only small portion of land for installation of unit, storage of raw material and the final product, huts for the employees and the communication roads. Due to siting and operation of the crushing units, as such, there is little impact on the land use pattern in the district. Therefore, change in the land use pattern in the district, due to installation of additional units will be insignificant.

5.3.7 Socio-economic Impact

From the latest census of Alwar district, it is evident that majority of population is unemployed. The crusher units and other small-scale industries in the district, offer opportunity to the local people in earning their livelihood through both direct and indirect employment. Thus there is positive impact on the economic status in the region. Upcoming of new projects will further increase the employment potential to local people.

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CHAPTER-VIENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

6.1 Environmental Management Plan

The mining and allied operations in the Aravali hills, though having some positive impact on the socio-economic status of the local people, have led to environmental degradation in the district. Opening of new projects in the district, as detailed in Chapter-V, will further affect some of the environmental attributes. Management of the mining and other operations is therefore, essential for environmental protection and for eco-restoration of the hills. These efforts could be categorised under two broad heads:

Administrative measures Technical measures

6.2 Administrative Measures

From the fore going discussion, it is evident that environmental degradation has taken place due to mining activities. The existing crusher units are also not functioning in the environmentally sound systems. The situation warrants close look on various components of the systems affecting the environmental attributes in the area, devising pragmatic approaches to facilitate eco-restoration of the Aravali hills and offering broad framework to the industrial units to function under environmentally sustainable conditions. This may be summarised as under:

6.2.1 Offering Broad Framework for Sustainability

This is the area, which require utmost consideration of the various departments of the State and Central government. This includes the Departments for enactment of rules for grant of mining permits, grant of industrial permits, environmental clearances and monitoring. These may be detailed as under:

6.2.1.1 Enactment of Rules for Grant of Mine Lease

Mining Projects

Presently, provisions embodied under Rajasthan Minor Minerals Concession Rules, 1986, govern grant of mine leases in the district. These rules interalia encompass provisions for grant of mining leases and also the collection of cess for dump removal and ecological restoration. However, these rules are silent about the mining plans, the technology to be used for mining operations, post mining land use and de-commissioning of the mines. It is learnt that now Government of Rajasthan is planning to bring about Draft Marble Policy which will interalia make provision for approval of the mine plans also. So far as environmental protection in the Aravali Hills is concerned,

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planning & provisioning must start from the grant of mine lease stage. This should interalia include:

Provision for approval of the mining plan while granting the mining lease permits. The grant of mine lease and operation of the mine should be in environmentally friendly manner and post mining land use should be in conformity with the land use pattern and the landscaping of the area finalised by the District Town and Country Planning Department. The ground water table is also one of the factors, which will govern the mine design.

Since the minerals produced in the district come from the area where environmental degradation has already occurred, the cost of environmental protection in the area should be internalised into the price of the minerals. The dump removal and ecological restoration charges, which will be a component of such pricing, should be reviewed from time to time to take stock of the existing environmental conditions and protection measures required. The money thus collected, should contribute to the fund required to carry out the eco-restoration programmes in the district.

The size of the mining leases is generally of 1 ha. Such a small size of mining lease is difficult to operate in environmentally sustainable manner. It is difficult to carry out simultaneous backfilling of voids, temporary stacking of the overburden & topsoil and also the other environmental protection measures. The minimum size of the mining lease should therefore, be increased to 5 ha.

Due to unemployment in the district, there is temptation among the local people towards illegal mining. During inspections, it becomes very difficult to interact with mine owners, understand the status of mining lease, period of mining lease etc. The Rules at some place must make the provision to exhibit the name of owner, name of the product, permit number and period of lease. This would facilitate proper inspection of the mines, effective compliance monitoring and identification of the illegal mines in the district.

In order to promote environmentally sustainable mining in the district, routine inspection of the advancement of the mines and their operations are essential. There should be provision in the Rajasthan Minor Mineral Concession Rules, to make these inspections more frequent.

Other Industrial Projects

As described earlier for the mining projects, for the other industries also, provision should be there to promote environmentally sustainable processes for the new units and eco-friendly operation of the existing units. There should be frequent inspections at these units to make the operators exercising better control over the processes, in order to

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achieve minimum level of pollutant generation. The parameters for operations of the industrial units in an environmentally sound manner, may be specified while granting the consent.

6.2.1.2 Master Plan of the District

Since most of the mines, crusher and other industrial units operating in the district are small and awareness regarding environmental status of the area and impact of the mine and industrial operations on the region is very poor, it is logical to provide them with broader sustainable framework to operate in the area. During discussion with the mine operators, it is learnt that they don’t get land to temporally stack the over burden. Also there is no land available for carrying out the tree plantation. The Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, vide notification No. S.O. 1189 (E) dated 29th November, 1999 has stated to prepare a Master Plan for the development of the area covered under Aravali Notification integrating environmental concerns and keeping in view future land use of the area. For such areas where cluster of mining, processing and other projects are expected to come, such master plan should be further detailed, identifying land where over burden, reject material etc. could be dumped, areas where plantation could be carried out, the type of plantation in a particular area, areas where other environmental protection measures could be located etc. For the entire area, the landscaping should be finalised taking into consideration the depth of ground water table etc. that will ultimately govern the depth of mining operations, dumping of overburden etc.

6.2.1.3 Environmental Framework

The environmental framework to be provided to the industrial units include the following:

Framework for environmental clearance: this includes preparation of environmental management plan report giving due consideration to the provisions embodied under master plan, identifying the target environmental species requiring utmost attention both during the extraction of the minerals and also during closure of the mining and industrial projects. The target environmental species for some of the operations may be as under:

For mine operations: depth of cutting, area of plantation and the type of plantation, mine closure and decommissioning planning

For crusher operations: air quality, noise level, area of plantation and type of plantation

Framework for environmental monitoring: this includes both compliance of the environmental clearance conditions and routine monitoring of the environmental status in the area. Though the environmental clearance conditions should be monitored keeping in view the overall environmental objective in the region, the routine assessment of the environmental quality should be based on the requirement of the nearby most vulnerable receptors. In addition, environmental

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database of the district need to be developed to have an analysis of the existing environmental quality and the emerging trend of various environmental attributes, for future decision-making.

Other Framework: Since there are smaller projects generally occurring in clusters, it is prudent to carry out monitoring of environmental attributes in a particular area at some strategic locations rather than going in for monitoring of individual projects. Likewise, submission of environmental statement for group of mines, industries etc should be asked for, which should give clearer picture of the raw material consumed, pollutant generated and environmental protection measures taken in the area etc. This will be helpful in monitoring environmental status for a particular area, devising further strategies for environmental upgradation and encouraging co-operative attitude among the entrepreneurs in promoting environmentally benign mining and industrial operations. For units having isolate locations, the target parameters for environmental improvement should be fixed in advance and be periodically monitored.

6.2.1.4 Framework for Forestry

Forestry is one of the key ingredients in all the eco-restoration efforts of the Aravali hills. For this purpose, it should be emphasized that there is enough availability of fuel and fodder to the local people; only then, lesser dependence of the community on the forest produce could be ensured. In addition, the afforestation programme is required to be undertaken on a massive scale so that greeneries on the hills are increased. For this purpose, the State Forest Department should come out long-term afforestation goals with yearly afforestation targets. Due consideration should be given to ethno-forestrypractices in the district and emphasis should be to plant local species. The barren rocky land and the gullied land also require rehabilitation by growing vegetation and control of soil erosion. In addition, the afforestation targets fixed for the mining and other industrial projects should contribute to the broader framework of afforestation developed by the Forest Department. For this purpose, the State Government should provide sufficient start-up fund to initiate the afforestation efforts. Sufficiency of fund should be maintained in future to carry out the eco-restoration efforts by various departments smoothly.

6.3 Technical Measures

These are the measures required to be taken up by the government departments and also the entrepreneurs to improve the environmental quality in the district. The efforts required for this purpose are summarised hereunder, both for mining and crusher units separately:

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6.3.1 Mining Activities

6.3.1.1 Air Quality

In the mines, the major source of air pollution is transportation activities. For transportation of minerals and other materials, vehicles generally ply on the un-metalled road. For improving the air quality in the mining areas the following actions are required;

All the transportation roads leading to the mining areas should be metalled.

Regular sprinkling of water should be carried out at the transportation roads and other dust generating points.

Covering of trucks on public roads. This will check falling of minerals on roads and also dust generation.

Tree plantation should be carried out on the sides of the roads and also on the periphery of the mines to contain the dust. For this purpose, the government should separately earmark land to the mine operators.

6.3.1.2 Effluent Quality

For abating the water pollution problems in the mining complexes, the following actions are required:

Construction of centralised treatment plant to arrest the suspended solids from the effluent before they are discharged outside.

Reuse of the treated effluent in the mines to lessen the make up water for the mining operations, if any.

Disposal of mine water in the nearby recharge areas for recharge of ground water.

6.3.1.3 Noise Pollution

In some areas, the mining units are located in clusters. The movement of transportation vehicles in these clusters is more. The noise level in the nearby villages, which the vehicles pass through, at times are more than the prescribed standards. However, such high noise levels are occasional and as such management of noise level is not required. The transportation roads where the frequency of vehicular movement will be considerable in future, noise protection measures may essential to protect the village community.

6.3.1.4 Land Use Pattern

In order to have minimum impact on the land use pattern due to mining operations, the following actions are suggested:

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For all the degraded lands on the hills: government should initiate reclamation efforts on such lands. Involvement of local community is very much essential to make such programmes successful. There should be regulated access to the forest resources in the hills. This will help in protection of the existing greeneries on the hills. In areas where deep cutting has occurred, the land may be used for water storage. The water parks can be developed in such areas. This will be helpful in using the water for various purposes like irrigation, drinking, plantation etc. and also recharge of ground water. One of the options for reclamation of deep cuts could be to fill it up with fly ash from the thermal power plants. But the technicalities and environmental impact of such measures need to be examined for the hills before starting the practice.

For the land where mining activities are continuing: On such lands, the afforestation areas should be identified and target should be fixed for the mine operators. The mining owners may undertake afforestation programmes on such lands, on co-operative basis, for eco-restoration. In addition, land should be identified for temporary stocking of the topsoil and overburden material and at suitable operational stage, the filling of the mine voids should be resorted to.

On other lands: Guadas or pasture-lands should be identified and developed in the district. This will be helpful in providing fodder to the grazing animals thus lessening biotic pressure over the hills. In addition, other afforestation areas should also be identified and the community afforestation programmes should be encouraged.

6.3.1.5 Eco-restoration

For eco-restoration in the hills, the mine owners should carry out afforestation. Involvement of local community should also be encouraged for such programmes.

6.3.2 Processing Activities

6.3.2.1 Stone Crushers

6.3.2.1.1 Air Quality

In the areas where crushers are located, the source of air pollution is crushing & transportation activities. For transportation of minerals and other materials, vehicles generally ply on the un-metalled road. For improving the air quality in such locations, the following actions are suggested;

All the transportation roads leading to such locations should be metalled. Regular sprinkling of water should be carried out at the transportation roads and

other dust generating points and at the conveyor belts. In one of the crushers at Chaupanki,, the Swedela technology is being used in the crusher unit. It is learnt that dust concentration is drastically reduced in the unit where this technology is being used. The technicality of such technology need to be examined and thepractice of adopting this technology need to be encouraged. This may be done through some demonstration project.

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Tree plantation should be carried out on the sides of the roads and also on the periphery of the crusher to contain the dust.

The chutes in almost all the crushing units were absent. The same is required to be installed in the units.

House keeping in the crusher units need to be improved. To minimize the air borne dust levels, the road inside the stone-crushing zone should be regularly sprinkled with water.

It is recommended by CPCB that the electric supply to the crushing units and water spraying system should be interlocked either by using transducers in such a way that when the crushing unit is switched on, the water spraying system also starts automatically on a common electric supply line and a common switch should be used for operating the crusher unit and the water pump of the sprinkler system.

As per CPCB report, stones processed in stone crushers contain silica between 85-90%. Excessive inhalation of fine silica dust (<10µ) can cause a number of respiratory disorders among workers. It is, therefore recommended that a regular health survey of the workers in these units should be carried out through some reputed institutions.

Necessary arrangement should be made to ensure adequate water supply for the crushing unit so that air pollution control devices run effectively.

6.3.2.1.2 Water Quality

There is no water pollution problem in the crusher, as no effluent is generated from the crusher units. As such, management of water quality in this context does not arise.

6.3.2.1.3 Noise Pollution

The crusher units are located scattered in the district. The movement of transportation vehicles is lesser. The noise level in the nearby villages is occasionally beyond the prescribed standards. As such management of noise level is not required in the context of processing units. However, since it is quite noisy inside the premises of the stone crushers, the stone crushers should strictly follow the noise standards inside their work place. The nearby village localities may need to be protected from the high noise level from the stone crushers in some cases. For this purpose, green belt of sufficient depth need to be developed.

6.3.2.1.4 Land Degradation

There is no land degradation arising out of processing activities in the Aravali hills. As such, management of land degradation does not need addressal in this context.

6.3.2.1.5 Eco-restoration

For eco-restoration in the hills, the processing unit owners should also contribute to theafforestation efforts in the district. Involvement of local community should also be encouraged for such programmes. Housekeeping in the crusher zones need to be improved.

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6.3.2.2 Pulverisers

CPCB has recommended certain measures for the pulverisers to operate in an environmental friendly way. It is suggested for the pulverisers to improve the environmental scenario in the district by strictly following the measures detailed below. These measures are:

The pulverisers should only be allowed to operate at the mine pit head. Pulverisers shall not be driven by power more than 50 HP. No pulveriser shall be installed within a radial distance of 100 metres from

link road, 500 metres from the state highway, national highway and 1 km from recognized village.

The ground shall be kept wet near the pulverisers and adjoining approach lanes.

Water sprinkling shall be done on the raw material i.e. on weathered stone/coarse sand limp, before feeding to the pulveriser for disintegration.

The maximum height of the material drop point of the conveyor belt shall not exceed 4 metres. A suitable chute shall be used at the end of the conveyor for material dropping.

Overloading of the trucks should be avoided in the area.

6.4 Best Management Practice For Mine/Crusher Unit Operations

For the mine and crusher units to operate in an environmentally compatible manner, the best practice is to provide them with broader framework for operations which are in tune with the environmental characteristics of the region. There should be a Master Plan of the district showing areas where siting of mines, crushers units, housing complexes etc. may be possible keeping in view critical environmental factors like ground water and vegetation. The mine units should operate with approved mining plan and the operations should be environmentally compatible. The mine closure planning is one of the key ingredients in eco-upgradation in the area, which need to be encouraged. Likewise, the crusher units should give due emphasis to the air pollution control measures and there should be greenbelt of adequate thickness to prevent pollution.

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CHAPTER-VIIGUIDELINES FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION

7.1 Guidelines for Pollution Prevention

For eco-restoration of the Aravali hills, separate guidelines for pollution prevention and afforestation are required. These guidelines are necessary both for the government agencies as well as for the entrepreneurs. These are summarised hereunder:

7.1.1 Pollution Prevention Guidelines

The pollution prevention guidelines are prepared both for the mine operations as well as for allied activities. These are as under:

7.1.1.1 For Regulatory Authorities

The regulatory authority having major role in the pollution prevention in the district are Department of Mines & Geology, State Pollution Control Board, Department of Agriculture, Forest Department and District Administration. The various actions required from these departments, for pollution prevention and ecological restoration of the Aravali hills, in the Alwar district, are detailed hereunder:

Department of Mines and Geology

Since the Department of Mines & Geology is responsible for grant of mine leases and its implementation, the following action from this department would greatly help in pollution prevention in the hills;

Increase the minimum size of the lease from the present 1 ha to 5 ha to carry out the mining operations in environmentally friendly manner.

Execution of mining operations to generate lesser quantity of waste and over burden material

To see that the mining operation are performed ultimately resulting into designated land use of the area and as per the landscaping finalised by the Town and Country Planning Department

Reasonable funds are contributed to the fund, through collection of cess from the leasees for eco-restoration

Frequent inspections are carried out to see that mining operations are carried out as per the approved mine plans that are in consonance with the landscaping and the land use pattern finalised.

Ensure that the mining operations are carried out in a manner that at the end of the operations, the mine closure and decommissioning is in consonance with the designated land use pattern and the landscaping of the area.

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Identification of the mines: includes instruction to the mine operators to exhibit the following at the mine site:

Sl No. Point to be exhibited1 Name of the mine2 Product from the mine3 Name of the owner4 Lease Number5 Lease area of the mine6 Production capacity7 Lease period of the mine8 Contact telephone number of owner

This will be helpful in identification of illegal mining in the district and facilitate compliance monitoring.

State Pollution Control Board

The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) is responsible to oversee the environmental compliance status by industrial units. The following action from the SPCB will be helpful in reversing the environmental degradation, taking place in the district:

Compilation of the pollution status: this includes the following information in respect of the mining and crushing units:

For Mining units:

Existing StatusSl No. ParametersWhether existing

Whether in operation

1 Name of the mine2 Location of the mine3 Lease area4 Period of lease5 Dust suppressing measures Yes/No Yes/no

Green belt around the mines Yes/Noa. Area Ha

6

b. No. of trees No.7 Pollution control facilities

(if existing, then details thereof)Yes / No Yes / No

8 Other environmental protection measures, if any

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For stone crusher units:

Existing StatusSl No. ParametersWhether existing

Whether in operation

1 Name of the unit2 Location of the unit3 Consent granted4 Period of consent5 Dust suppressing measures Yes/No Yes/no6 Provision of chute Yes/No Yes/no7 Provision of wind breaking wall Yes/No Yes/no

Green belt around the unit Yes/Noa. Area Ha

8

b. No. of trees No.9 Details of other existing

environmental protection measures

Verification before grant of consent: once the base of information is prepared, this should be used as tool for granting further consent and monitoring compliance of the consent conditions. The officials from State Pollution Control Board must visit the site periodically (to start with monthly) to check the status of the pollution control measures. The frequency of visit may be reduced once the environmental scenario starts improving. It is suggested that State Pollution Control Board should initiate penal action within a year, against the mining and other industries, which are found violating the rules and not complying with the consent conditions.

Submission of environmental statement: the Pollution Control Board should emphasize submission of environmental statement by the mine operators and crushing units. These statements may be on combined basis for cluster of mines and individually for isolate units. These units must interalia furnish the information in respect of the status of the target environmental species in the environmental statement report and other related information.

Creation of database: environmental database for the mines, crusher units and other industries should be created by the Pollution Control Board to have a clearer picture of the environmental status of the district. This can also be used as a tool for future decision-making.

Monitoring of the environmental attributes: the following parameters should be monitored by the Pollution Control Board itself:

Air quality: it should consist of SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx parameters. The location should be within the complex, as well as in the nearby human settlements, which are most vulnerable. This is applicable to

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both mining and crusher units. The air quality parameters should be monitored weekly. This may be subsequently reduced to fortnightly and ultimately monthly once the air quality status starts improving.

Effluent Quality: This should as per the effluent quality parameters specified by CPCB. This is applicable to mining industry where the water is consumed for the operations. The water quality should be monitored monthly. The frequency may be ultimately reduced to quarterly once the water quality status shows improvement.

Noise level: this should be monitored both for the mine and crusher units where there are human settlements nearby. This should be monitored monthly.

Afforestation Programmes : This includes the area of plantation, type of species and number of sampling planted and maintenance of sampling. This should be monitored quarterly.

District Administration

In the Aravali Notification, Ministry of Environment & Forests has restricted some processes and operations on certain categories of land. Records are not available at the district level of such lands where this notification is applicable. The following actions are, therefore, recommended to be undertaken, by the district authorities, in collaboration with Forest Department and others, to facilitate eco-friendly operations in the district:

Preparation of a district map showing the restricted area: GIS based district map need to be prepared showing the following classes of lands (which are covered under Aravali Notification) preferably on a scale of 1:2,50,000: All reserved forests, protected forests or any other areas shown as

“forest” in the land records maintained by the State Government as on the date of the notification i.e. 7th May, 1992.

All areas shown as:a. Gair Mumkin Pahar, orb. Gair Mumkin Rada, orc. Gair Mumkin Behed, ord. Banjad beed, ore. RundhIn the land records maintained by State Government as on the date of this notification i.e. 7th May, 1992.

All areas of Sariska National Park and Sariska Sanctuary notified under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972)

Preparation of Master Plan: as indicated in Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India’s Notification dated November 29th, 1999, the Master Plan should immediately be prepared and issued. In the areas, where substantial mining and industrial activities are existing, this master

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plan should be further detailed on 1:10,000 scale showing areas to locate the dump material, CETP (common effluent treatment plant), carry out plantation work, specifying the type of plant species for a particular area, the final landscaping of the area and other such details.

Initiating eco-restoration efforts: though the emphasis should now be there on the part of the entrepreneurs to take adequate environmental protection measures, government should immediately start eco-restoration efforts on the other areas where degradation has already occurred. This includes:

Rehabilitation of the mined out areas. This includes reshaping of the mined out areas to come up in conformity with the Master Plan. These locations may be ultimately developed for water storage and water parks sites. Reclamation of the mined out voids may be carried out by filling of construction material, rural waste, fly ash etc.

Identification of the suitable plant species for afforestation on the hills and the other areas

Delineating the areas in the hills and elsewhere in the district for carrying out the plantation work

Preparing programmes to carry out plantation work in the phase-wise manner

Carrying out the plantation work Protection & upkeep of plantation work

Creation of State Level fund for eco-restoration: Untill the eco-restoration efforts are streamlined, government should make available sufficient start-up fund for all the ecological restoration measures to be taken in the district. In addition, a mechanism should be evolved to maintain sufficiency of the funds for this purpose in future. Contribution may be taken from the cess collected by the Mining & Geology Department and the revenue collected by Pollution Control Board. State Government may also approach some international financing institutions to support eco-restoration efforts. The State Environment Department should act as custodian of such fund.

Environmental awareness: lack of awareness on the part of the mining owners and the indigenous people and the will, are the biggest factors in environmental degradation of the hills. The awareness programmes should be conducted by the district administration taking support from State Pollution Control Board, Forest Department and NGOs. The awareness programme should interalia endeavour to make the local people having lesser dependence on the hills for their survival and the entrepreneurs to take suitable environmental protection measures. The awareness programme should also be introduced at the primary level to make the school children aware of the environmental significance of the hills.

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Alternative employment schemes: The district administration should endeavour to provide employment schemes to the poorer section of the society to lessen their dependence on the hills and the forest produce.

Department of Forests

The following actions are required on the part of Department of Forests for eco-restoration of Aravali Hills:

Action Plan for Afforestation: target should be fixed for afforestation and the same should be carried out in a phase wise manner. The plantation should be planned keeping in mind the following: Increasing the fertility of the soil to support vegetation Checking the soil erosion Increasing the vegetation Vegetating the barren rocking land At places, the consideration may be to make available fuel to the

locals and fodder to livestock. This will reduce the biotic pressure on the hills.

Protection of the vegetated area: Efforts should be there to involve locals also to protect the existing vegetation and the plantation, which will be carried out under the afforestation programmes.

Access to the common land: The regulated access to common land in lieu of open access system should be encouraged. For this purpose, involvement of village panchayat should be encsured.

Development of Green Belt

The green belt1 shall be developed as per the following guidelines:

A standards horticulture practice should be followed while planting saplings in pits of dimension 1m*1m*1m for large tress and almost half of these dimensions smaller trees and shrubs.

A three-tier system should be followed in order to develop a canopy type green belt. Therefore, the plantation order shall follow shrubs, smaller trees and large trees from inside towards the boundary wall. More over, special care needs to be taken for planting shrubs/trees along the roadside. The height (1-1.5 metres for shrubs and 3-5 metres for trees) and the foliage areas shall be such that it does not affect the visibility.

The selection of the plants at the boundary wall as well as along the roadside should be based upon tolerance towards pollutants.

Since the proposed area falls in the trans-gangetic plains, hence following plants are recommended for preferable plantation:

1 Based on the work carried out by Central Pollution Control Board

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Shrubs

Common Name Botanical NameKanghi Abutilon indicumKhair Acacia catechuBiswal A pennataKanchan Bauhinia acuminateBougainvillea Bougainvillea spectabilisBottle brush Collistemon citrinusKaraunda Carissa spinarusNebu Citrus limonScarlet brush Hamelia patensJasum Hibiscus rosa-sinansisLantana Lantana camaraMehdi Law sonia inermisSazina Moringa otuiferaKaner Nerium indicumHarsinghar Nyctanthus arbor-tristis

Tree

Common Name Botanical NameSilver wattle Acacia dealbataGandh Acacia jarnesianaBlack wattle A. mearnsiiBabool A. NiloticaBeal Aegle marmelosMaharuk Alianthus excelsaSiris Albizia lebbeckSubabul Albizia moluccanaKala siris Albizia odoratissimaWhite siris A. ProceraSeetaphal Anona squamosaKadamba Authocephalus chinensisHarin Aphanamixis polystachyaKathal Atrocarpus heterophyllusKhairwal Bauhinia purpureaAstha Bauhinia recemosaSemla B. semlaKachnar B. varigataDhak Butea monospermaAmaltas Cassia fistulaYellow pink cassia Cassia sp.Jungali saru Casuarina equisetifoliaShisham Dalbergia latifoliaGulmohar Delonix rogia

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Amla Emblica officinalisRubber tree Ficus elasticaBargad F. BanghalensicGular F. GlomerataPipal F. ReligiosaPhalsa Grewia subinequalisMahwa Madhuca longifoliaAshok Saraca asokaImli Tamarindus indicaArjuna Terminalia argunaBer Zizyphus mauritiana

Department of Agriculture

Department of agriculture needs to play a more pro-active role in dealing with the reclamation measures for the salt affected lands. For this purpose, use of manure should be encouraged and emphasis on the chemical fertilizers should be lessened. Also there is need to extend necessary help to the forest department in rehabilitation of gullied land. All the aforesaid efforts require co-coordinated approach in consultation with Forest Department and also with Regional Office of Central Ground Water Board as ground water level play a vital role in preventing the soil incrustation.

7.1.1.2 For Entrepreneurs

Mine Operators

It is imperative on the part of the mine operators to carry out the mine operations in such a manner that it has least impact on the ecology of the area. The following pollution prevention guidelines are suggested for the purpose:

Since the mines being operated in the areas are small in nature, it is essential that the mine owners (for those mines which occur in clusters) form a co-operative body, which based on the contributions from each individual owner, look after the pollution prevention measures for the cluster. This would have lesser economic impact on each individual owner and facilitate joint effort for the environmental betterment in the area. However, if such a body does not come up, individual owner will have to take up the responsibility to carry out the environmental protection measures in his lease area.

It is imperative on the part of mine operators to carry out the mine operations in such a manner that the over burden materials are dumped at designated places and there should be central place for dumping of the other waste materials generated during the mining operations. These places should be identified well in advance in consultation with the District Mining Engineer and Regional Officer of the Pollution Control Board and the District Administration.

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The mine closure and decommissioning should be carried out in such fashion so as to leave the area in designated shape as per the Master Plan.

The mining operations should not leave steep slope in the quarries as in future this may be safety hazard. The slope should be gradual so that even after closure of the mines, there is easy access in the quarry.

The housekeeping in the quarry should be improved. There is need on the part of the mine operators to keep the transportation roads devoid of the particulate matter and the plantation on the side of the roads and in the vicinity of mines should be maintained in good condition.

Based on the quality of effluent generated, a central place should be identified in the cluster of mines for treating the effluent generated. An in-built mechanism should be developed amongst the mine operators for reuse of the treated water.

The mine operators should protect the vulnerable localities in the vicinity of the cluster of mines from environmental pollution. For this purpose green belt of sufficient length should be developed between such localities and mine areas.

The mine operators should voluntarily take-up plantation work for ecological up gradation of the Aravali hills. However, for this purpose land should be identified by the district administration in consultation with Forest Department. A better option could be to carry out the plantation by the Forest Department with mine owners bearing the cost of afforestation.

In addition to the above, the following general guidelines are suggested for the mine operators:

Air Pollution Control

Sl No. Source of Pollution Possible Control Measures1 Drilling Drilling machines to be fitted with dust collection,

suppression and disposal arrangement Deep wetting of drilling zones by water sprinkling (if

necessary with additive chemicals) before drilling, to be practiced

While drilling in stone, the production of dust to be reduced by using drill bits which are sharp and in proper shape, by keeping suitable air pressure on the bit and separating the cutting from the bit

2 Blasting Proper blast hole geometry need to be designed Blast site to be wetted before and after blasting Proper and optimum quantity of explosives to be used.

Controlled blasting to be practiced near the residential localities.

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Blasting to be conducted during favourable weather condition

3 HEMM Regular maintenance to be initiated Speed limit to be maintained Operators cabin of the HEMM should be preferably be

air conditioned or at least air tight The smoke emission to conform the standard notified in

Motor Vehicle Act.4 Haul roads All the haul & service roads to be metalled and well

maintained. Unmetalled roads to be free from ruts and pot holes All haul roads and surface roads to be regularly sprayed

with water or with water mixed with suitable binder chemical

Plantation along the haul roads (avenue plantation ) to be carried out

Mined material receiving pit are to be located close to the quarry to reduce the haul length of the dumpers

The trucks carrying the mineral should be properly covered to minimize dust generation during transportation.

5 Overburden Non operative dumps to be subjected to technical and biological reclamation

Plantation over and around over burden dumps to ensure stability of slopes and prevention of dust by wind action

Wetting of surface of OB dump to be regularly practised.

Noise Pollution Control

Sl No. Source of Pollution Possible Control Measures1 Blasting Blast holes to be judiciously charged

No blasting to be done when there is low cloud ceiling Milli-second delayed detonation to be used

2 Drilling Operators to be provided with ear mufflers / ear plug or noise proof cabins shall be provided to the operators

3 HEMM The engine exhaust of HEMM to be fitted with mufflers and cabins to be noise proof

HEMM to be properly maintained Operators to be provided with ear mufflers/ ear plug. Imposition of speed restriction of HEMM near residential

areas to be enforced The operational path of the HEMM to be rerouted away

from the residential areas

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Water Pollution Control

Sl No. Source of Pollution Possible Control Measures1 Surface Garland drains around quarry excavations to be

constructed OBD tops to be dressed into a shallow saucer shape Contour drains along slope of OB dump to be

constructed OB dump run off to be de-silted through settling tanks

before discharge into natural streams2 Workshop Effluent coming out of workshop should be treated for

the pollutants. The treated water should be stored and reused.

Preferably centralized treatment facility for treatment of effluent

Work Zone Environment

Statutory provisions and recommendations of Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS) to be followed.

For Allied Industries

Under this group of industries, the major ones are crusher units. As already discussed in previous chapters, the crusher units are individually located at different locations and are not in zones. The guidelines for the crusher units are therefore developed for individual units and these are as under:

The dust suppression measures in the crusher units should be made operational. In most of the crusher units, the dust suppression measures were not found operational during the visit of the CPCB and CMPDI team. In addition, construction of wind breaking wall should also be undertaken at the earliest. This wall should be structurally sound and should rise upto the height of node point of the conveyor belt for a reasonable length say 50 m on the vulnerable abadi or road side or critical point side of the crushing unit.

The chutes in the most of the crushers units were not provided. The crusher unit owners should take immediate steps to install the chutes.

The plantation work along the boundary of the crusher unit should be provided. The owners should take immediate steps to start peripherial plantation (green belt) around the crusher units. Under such cases, the depth of the green belt should be as specified by State Pollution Control Board. The number of trees to be planted should be as per suggestion of the State Pollution control Board.

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The roads leading to the stone crushing units, should preferably be metalled one. In cases, where metalled roads are not possible, dust suppression measures should be installed on the roads and proper care should be taken by the owners to keep the road in good condition.

7.2 Monitoring of Eco-restoration Efforts

The eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills requires multifarious efforts from various departments of the government. Therefore, it is necessary for a central agency to assume the charge of monitoring the environmental upgradation taking place in the area periodically and review the effectiveness of the efforts taken by various agencies. Since this is possibly the first time that such effort has been taken by CPCB to carry out environmental study, on a regional basis, for the entire district of Alwar, it would be prudent that CPCB also extends the help to State Government or any other designated agency for the purpose, in monitoring the status of the environmental status, under close guidance from MoEF. The eco-restoration efforts should be reviewed at a frequency of six months; targets for each contributing agency should be refixed if required. for eco-restoration of the hills in the district. The remote sensing technique would be a very good tool for assessing the land degradation and afforestation in the district apart from the data being generated/collected by regional offices of pollution control boards, forest departments etc. The following agencies are recommended to be in the Task Force to assist CPCB (or other such agency designated by MoEF which will be heading the Task Force) in reviewing the environmental status and guiding the further efforts for eco-upgradation in the district:

Regional Office of State Pollution Control Board Forest Department District Administration Department of Mining & Geology Irrigation Department Regional Office of CGWB Agriculture Department District Industry Department Officials from Sariska National Park

7.3 Monitoring by Mines and Other Industries

In order to assess the environmental status in the mining areas and other industrial complexes; and the impacts of the mining and industrial operations on the nearby habitat, the environmental monitoring should be carried out by the mine and industrial owners. For cluster of mines and industries, the monitoring should cover the habitat localities within say 2.5 kms radius from the periphery of such industrial localities. These should be as under:

Mine Operations: In the localities where the mining operation are being carried out in clusters, the following parameters should be monitored by the entrepreneurs:

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Air Quality: The air quality should be monitored for SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx parameters. The monitoring location should be within the middle of the grid wherein the cluster of mines is located. All the human settlements within 2.5 kms from the periphery of the cluster area and those within the clusters should be monitored. The frequency should be as under:

Sl No. Parameters Monitoring Frequency2

1 SPM Weekly2 RPM Weekly3 SO2 Monthly4 NOx Monthly

It is recommended that the monitoring stations in the cluster of mines localities should be positioned as shown in the diagram below to give fairly realistic picture of the pollution status in the locality. As stated above, all the localities within the grid and those within the 2.5 kms radius from the periphery of such clusters should also be monitored.

Figure-7.1: Location of air quality sampling stations (shaded points) within the cluster of mines

Water Quality: The water quality should be monitored for all the effluents from the mines. The frequency of such monitoring should be monthly. However, if the quality of effluent is found within the acceptable limit, this may be reduced to quarterly i.e. once in three months.

Noise level: The noise level should be monitored at the grid positions as shown in Figure—7.1 and at all the habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius of the clusters. The frequency of monitoring should be monthly. However, if the monitored level shows the level within the prescribed limit consistently, this may be reduced to quarterly.

For mining operations being carried out in isolate locations, the following are recommended:

2 The frequency of monitoring may be reduced once the environmental scenario starts improving

Air quality monitoring locations

Page No. VII-14

Other Industrial Operations: In the localities where the crusher operations are being carried out in clusters, the following parameters should be monitored by the entrepreneurs:

Air Quality: The air quality should be monitored for SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx parameters. The monitoring location should be within the middle of the grid wherein the cluster of units are located. All the human settlements within 2.5 kms from the periphery of the area, and those within the clusters should also be monitored. The frequency should be as under:

Sl No. Parameters Monitoring Frequency3

1 SPM Weekly2 RPM Weekly3 SO2 Monthly4 NOx Monthly

It is recommended that the monitoring stations in the cluster of crushers should be positioned as shown in the diagram below to give fairly realistic picture of the pollution status in the locality. As stated above, all the localities within the grid and those within the 2.5 kms radius from the periphery of such clusters should also be monitored. In the isolate locations, the sampling should be on the most vulnerable locality/localities on the downwind direction.

Figure-7.2: Location of air quality sampling stations (shaded points) within the cluster of mines

3 The frequency may be reduced once the environmental scenario starts improving.

Sl No. Environmental Attribute

Parameters to be monitored

Frequency Remarks

1 Air quality SPM RPM SO2

NOx

Once in each season

To be carried out in winter & summer season for all habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius

2 Water quality Effluent parameters Once in each season

Summer season

3 Noise level As per norms Once in each season

At all habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius

Air sampling location

Page No. VII-15

Water Quality: Since there is no effluent from the crusher units, the monitoring of the effluent as such does not arise. However, the water quality should be monitored for all the effluents from other industries having water pollution potential. The frequency of such monitoring should be monthly. However, if the quality of effluent is found within the acceptable limit, this may be reduced to quarterly i.e. once in three months.

Noise level: The noise level should be monitored at all the habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius of the clusters. The frequency of monitoring should be monthly. However, if the monitored level shows the level within the prescribed limit consistently, this may be reduced to quarterly.

For processing/industrial operations being carried out in isolate locations, the following are recommended:

Infrastructure for Environmental Monitoring

Since in most of the mining and other industrial units in the district, the operations are carried out on a smaller scale, separate infrastructural set-up for environmental monitoring is not recommended. The mining and industrial units may take the help of local laboratories, which are recognised by CPCB, for environmental monitoring.

Sl No. Environmental Attribute

Parameters to be monitored

Frequency Remarks

1 Air quality SPM RPM SO2

NOx

Once in each season

To be carried out in winter & summer season for all habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius

2 Water quality Effluent parameters Once in each season

May be carried out in summer season, if there is effluent

3 Noise level As per norms Once in each season

At all habitat locations within 2.5 kms radius

Page No. VIII-1

CHAPTER-VIIIRECOMMENDATIONS & ACTION PLAN

8.1 Recommendations

It may be concluded from the present study that eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills need concerted efforts from various departments of State/Central Government, NGOs etc. Though the environmental upgrdation measures need to be taken more seriously by the mining and other industrial operators, there is need on the part of the State Government to immediately start these measures in the areas where degradation has already taken place. A map showing the areas, which are hot spots in terms of land degradation, placed in Chapter-V, may be referred to. The actions that have to be taken by various government departments are summarised as under:

State Government of Rajasthan: Eco-restroration programmes may be chalked out by State Government of Rajasthan in consultation with various government departments and the same should be carried out in phases. Central Pollution Control Board also needs to participate in such exercises and provide technical support for the purpose.

It is also imperative on the part of State Government to improve inter-departmental co-ordination among various government departments to achieve the common objective i.e.ecological restoration of Aravali Hills in the district.

The state government should also monitor the progress in eco-restoration efforts through satellite imagery at an interval of say 2 years. CPCB should also provide technical guidance to the State government in this matter.

District Administration: need to take up following actions for eco-upgradation of the Aravali Hills:

Identify the areas where illegal mining is being carried out and immediately take legal action against such mines. All the mining and stone crushers should be asked to display signboard giving all the relevant information regarding their lease. The boundary line of the lease area of such units should be clearly demarcated.

Initiate action to issue to the concerned institutions to prepare & issue Master Plan showing developmental plan of the district integrating environmental concerns. The future land use pattern and the land-scaping should be finalized and the Master Plan should interlia exhibit the same. The Master Plan must interalia address the following issues:

i. Land use planning clearly specifying the areas for overburden dumps, waste materials stocking sites, area earmarked for plantation along with the species, site for common effluent treatment plant

Page No. VIII-2

(CETP) and common Bio-medical Waste Management facilities, hazardous waste dumping site and the sites for residential colonies.

ii. The master plan should also indicate the proposed eco-restoration plan to compensate the environmental degradation by the proposed activities in the master plan.

iii. Economic zoning and categorization of industries with reference to their pollution potential from A to H category. Master Plan should clearly indicate the categories of industries allowed in a particular industrial area.

iv. Natural Resource Assessment v. The areas proposed for the industrial area, mining area and stone

crushing zone should be clearly indicated in the districts level maps. vi. Plan for the rehabilitation of the wasteland and salt affected areas.

vii. Rehabilitation programmes for the abandoned mines areas either to convert these to water reservoirs and eco-parks or reclamation by filling by rural waste, urban waste or fly ash. The Master Plan should be detailed to show the areas where overburden could be dumped, areas where waste material could be stocked, areas where plantation could be carried out, type of plant species etc. Master Plan should interlia clearly specify the areas where mining may be permitted along with the measures required for eco-upgradation.

Providing more opportunities for alternative employment in the district. This should lessen the dependence on the hills and the forest produce, thus helping in conservation off natural resources. Help of local reputed NGOs may also be taken for the purpose.

Preparing GIS based map of the district showing the restricted areas as per the Aravali Notification. This will help in effective monitoring of the environmental protection measures.

For any successful programme, participation of local people is very much essential. For eco-restoration of the Aravali hills also, participation of local community need to be ensured. In addition, efforts should be there to increase awareness among the local community regarding the need for protection of environment in the district. Help of reputed local NGOs may be taken for this purpose.

Efforts should be there to enhance shifting of attitude among the local community for rearing of cows, buffaloes etc. in lieu of goats and sheep. This will increase the biomass generation, increasing fertility of the soil and the productivity of the lands in the district. This will improve the fuel and fodder scenario for the poorer section of the society. Distribution of LPG cylinders may also be considered for the purpose.

Regulated access of the common land in lieu of open access system, in the district should be ensured to protect the natural resources in the district through the formation of village forest committees etc.

The developmental planning in the district should not be carried out in isolation. All the planning should interlia include environmental impact and concerns of activities of one sector on the other sectors in the district e.g.

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afforestation should be planned not only with a view to increase vegetation on the hills but also be supplement for fuel, fodder etc. in the district. Thus, there should be integrated planning covering all the departments in the district to foster the eco-restoration in the district.

Action to be immediately started for rehabilitation of common lands in the region. These lands should be developed to provide support in respect of fuel and fodder thereby reducing biotic pressure on the hills.

All efforts should be made to preserve the ground water resources. Water shed Management and rainwater harvesting to be implemented in the Aravali hills regions on war footing. In the areas where mining deeper than the ground water table of the area is to be carried out, adequate provision of pollution control and conservation of water resources should be made.

Efforts need to be started immediately for reclamation of salt affected land. In addition, efforts are also required to be expedited for vegetation of barren rocky land and the gullied land.

Possibilities of rehabilitation of the degraded lands in the form of abandoned mine pits to water reservoir and eco-parks to be explored. Besides water management it will have commercial benefits by attracting tourism and creating job opportunities. The other possibilities for reclamation of the abandoned mines which are not feasible for developing water reservoir and eco-parks are given below in the descending order of priority:

Rural waste Urban waste Fly ash from thermal power plants

For this purpose, a survey may be undertaken to identify the bio-waste from rural areas, which could be used for filling the voids created due to mining operations. However, urban and semi-urban solid waste may also be considered for the purpose, which may include construction waste, and other solid waste, which are free from plastic, and other harmful substances. An option of fly ash disposal may also be considered for rehabilitation of mine voids and low lands.

Ensure close co-ordination among all related departments for eco-restoration of Aravali Hills.

Department of Mines & Geology: Department of Mines & Geology, Government of Rajasthan should take the following measures to streamline the mining activities in the region so that the mining and allied operations are in consonance with the designated land use planning of the district:

Integrate the provision for approval of mine plan along with grant of mine lease. The mine plan should be in consonance with the designated land use pattern / landscaping of the area.

There should be frequent inspections of the mining operations to ensure that these are in line with the requirement for sustainable development in the

Page No. VIII-4

district. These inspections may be carried out at an interval of say 3 months. The mine operations, mine closure and decommissioning should be in consonance with the designated land use pattern and the landscaping.

There should be continual source of revenue from the mining operations to the fund, recommended to be created, for the eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills. This cost may be internalised into the cost of production.

Grant of lease for small mining leases (less than 5 ha) should be discouraged and be phased out in due course of time.

The minimum period of lease should be for 15-20 years. This will induce the mine operators to take environmental protection measures seriously.

State Pollution Control Board: The following actions are required on the part of the State Pollution Control Board to ensure sustainable mining and industrial operations in the district:

Prepare inventory of the environmental upgradation measures undertaken by all the mining and other industrial operation in the Aravali Hill region.

Specify the additional measures, if any, required for achieving environmentally compatible conditions.

Periodically verify whether the environmental protection measures are in existence and operating effectively. Initiate legal action against mining and industry units found violating the environmental laws, standards and consent conditions.

Regular monitoring to check compliance and to assess the ambient air quality, water quality and other environmental protection measures should be carried out at critical locations. Online monitoring stations and networking should be installed in the critical areas.

In order to carry out environmental monitoring and other tasks, Regional Office may need additional staffing, budget, vehicle and equipment support,which may be assessed and accordingly provided.

State PCBs should also undertake awareness programmes of the local people and the entrepreneurs. There should be frequent interaction with the mine / industry owners to ensure environmental protection.

It is recommended that stone crushers should preferably be located in zones or in the mining leases.

Department of Agriculture: The following actions are required on the part of State Department of Agriculture

Rehabilitation of the salt affected land. This should be done in close co-ordination of the Regional Office of the CGWB.

Development of the pasture lands. Rehabilitation of the barren rocky and gullied land Improvement of soil conservation measures in the district

Page No. VIII-5

Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Government of India: The following actions are required from MoEF side for environmental protection / eco-restoration in the area:

Ministry of Environment & Forests should take initiative to appoint a central agency to monitor the overall eco-restoration efforts in the Aravali Hills and to provide technical support to the implementing organizations. CPCB may assist such body to oversee the progress in environmental protection and eco-restoration and also to provide technical support to the implementing organizations. A Task Force may be constituted with CPCB or any such agency to act as nodal agency and the officers from the following departments to be as members:

Regional Office of State Pollution Control Board Forest Department District Administration Department of Mining & Geology Irrigation Department Regional Office of CGWB Agriculture Department District Industry Department Officials from Sariska National Park

It is recommended that MoEF should also include representative from Central Ground Water Board and CPCB in the Expert Committee/Monitoring Committee constituted to examine the progress of the eco-restoration programmes and implementation of pollution control measures to comply with the standards.

The renewal of mining lease and granting new leases should be effected after examining the environmental protection measures taken by the lessee. The above committee should periodically inspect and ensure the implementation of conditions imposed while granting lease.

Central Ground Water Board: The Regional Office of Central Ground Water Board should assess the ground water potential of the district covering some more monitoring stations, if required. They should recognize the areas where water tables are depleting and causing danger to the underground aquifer. It is suggested that Regional Office of CGWB should display the data on their site on Internet for the awareness of public and further usage. This will be a guiding tool for the further industrial and urban activities in the district, which affect the ground water level and to take stringent actions for water conservation. Also watershed management and rainwater harvesting in the region should be implemented.

Forest Department: The Forest Department should fix the target for afforestation and the same should be carried out in phased manner. The Forest Department

Page No. VIII-6

may even carry out the afforestation on behalf of mine operator, with mine operators bearing the entire cost of afforestation. As long term planning, the afforestation should not be carried out on mineral rich areas. Wasteland or village common land may be identified for the purpose. For this purpose, the expenses should be borne by the mine operators. This should be carried out keeping in view the following considerations:

Increasing the fertility of the soil to support vegetation Increasing the vegetation Checking the soil erosion Vegetating the barren rocking land and gullied land At places, the consideration may be to make available fuel to the locals

and fodder to livestock, to reduce the biotic pressure on the hills. Protection of the vegetated area: Efforts should be there to involve locals also

to protect the existing vegetation and the plantation, which were carried out under the afforestation programme. The afforestation programme should be carried out not on the mineral rich areas but on wasteland or village common land.

Access to the common land: The regulated access to the common land in lieu of open access system should be encouraged. For this purpose,involvement of village panchayat should be ensured.

Central Pollution Control Board: The following actions, on the part of Central Pollution Control Board, are recommended:

CPCB should review the status of environmental improvement periodically through field visits and interaction with other agencies. The environmental ingredients to be reviewed may be:

- Increase in vegetation / afforestation

- Status of salt affected land

- Status of rehabilitation of the degraded land

- Implementation of the master plan

- Status of ambient air quality, water quality, under ground water and other relevant environmental attributes.

- Implementation of pollution control measures taken by the mines/ processing units for implementation of the standards.

CPCB should also provide technical support to the implementing agencies.

Take up further studies in the Aravali Range in the areas where the concentration of mining and allied activities are considerable to take stock of the environmental status of such areas and preparing action plan for eco-restoration.

Page No. VIII-7

Mine Lesseess: The mine lessees should implement the environmental management plan and mining plan approved by the concerned authority. The conditions imposed by the SPCB in the consent as well as notified environmental standards should be implemented by the mine lessees. Also the conditions laid down by any other regulatory authorities like Ground Water Board, Director of Mine and Geology should also be implemented.

Stone Crushers operators: The operators of stone crushers should fully implement the pollution prevention measures and emission standards notified under Environmental Protection Act, 1986. Also the condition imposed by SPCB in the consent granting in the Air Act, should be implemented.

8.2 Search for Sustainable Development of the Aravali Region

Though the aforesaid recommendations have been drawn for the industries existing in the Aravali range, any future effort in respect of search for sustainable development in the Aravali Range should take into consideration resource potential in the region, the demand of the products and the supply options. Though the demand for the niche products existing in the Aravali Range which is one of the oldest mountain ranges in India will continue to grow, the supply options need to be given a closer look due to eco-sensitivity of the region. The environmental cost needs to be internalised in the cost of the product and there is need to limit the supply options. The Aravali range has been reported to prevent the desert from spreading into Indo-Gangetic plains. So, all the future planning should not only concentrate to meet the ever growing demand of the products but due consideration should also be given to protect the chain. All the developmental activities should therefore be planned in a coherent manner and there should be integrated approach for sustainable development in the Aravali Region. The major actions to be taken by various agencies is shown in Figure-8.1.

Page No. VIII-8

Figure-8.1: Recommended Action for various governmental agencies for eco-restoration of Aravali Hills

District Administration Prepare district level map showing restricted areas

as indicated in Aravali Notification

Indicate the details for the plantation areas, waste material and overburden dump area and the landscaping apart from the final land use pattern in the Master Plan

Department of Mines & Geology Introduce approval of mine plan along with grant of

mine lease, minimum lease of 5 ha

Ensure mine plan to be in consonance with the landscaping and future land use plan

Ensure frequent inspection of the mines so that mine operations are as per the Master Plan

Forest Department Identify the area for taking up tree plantation which is

consonance with the Master Plan, in phased manner

Identify the plant species for such identified areas

Provide input to Expert Committee to set the plantation target for the mine operators and other entrepreneurs

Maintain the saplings planted and regulated access to the public in the afforestation areas

Expert Committee

Select the target environmental species needing utmost attention

Intimate this to the Monitoring Committee for ensuring compliance

Eco-restoration Efforts by Entrepreneurs

Pollution Control Measures

Up gradation of Technology

Eco-restoration measures

Creation of Eco-restoration Fund Contribution through rent & royalties

Contribution from State Government

Contribution from Central Government

Approach to International Institutions for the fund by State / Central Government

Sufficiency of fund for eco-restoration efforts

Ministry of Environment and Forests Constitute a Task Force for eco-restoration in the area

Appoint a Central Agency for review of the eco-restoration efforts and providing technical thrust to such efforts

Include CGWB in Expert Committee and Monitoring CommitteeECO-RESTORATION OF ARAVALI HILLS

State /Central Government & NGOs

Creation of awareness

Improve literacy level

Offer alternative employment opportunities

Provide alternatives for fuel and fodder

Regulatory Bodies/ Monitoring Committee Effective compliance of environmental

rules/regulations

Operation of mining and other industries in a sustainable manner

Awareness

Central Pollution Control Board

Periodic review of progress in eco-restoration

Resolution of deficiency if any on the eco-restoration efforts

Issual of further guidelines for eco-restoration and further study in the range

Page No. VIII-9

Short-Term Action Plan for Eco-Restoration of the Aravali Hills – Alwar District

Sl No. Action Item Name of the Agency to execute Time duration Remarks, if any

1 Creation of startup fund to undertake the eco-restoration programmes

Initiate the eco-restoration efforts in the mined out and other low lands

Improve inter-departmental co-ordination amongst various government departments to achieve the goal of environmental upgradation of the Aravali Hill region

State Government of Rajasthan 06 months

1 year

06 months

The State Environment Department may act as custodian of such fund

2 Prepare the Master Plan for the development of the district integrating environmental concerns interalia showing:- Land use pattern of the district- Landscaping of the areas- Areas where plantation could be carried out- Type of species which could be planted in such areas- Areas where overburden and waste material could be dumped- Guidelines for dumping of waste materials i.e. area and the

height of the dumps and biological reclamation measures- Plan showing degraded lands, which could be developed as

water storage tanks/parks etc.- Initiate action for reclamation of salt affected land and vegetation

of barren rocky land & gullied land

Promote integrated developmental planning giving due consideration to environmental sensitivity of the area

Prepare district level map showing restricted areas as per Aravali Notification

Initiate action for rehabilitation of degraded lands in the form of abandoned mine pits and others. Alternately these pits could be developed for rainwater harvesting.

District Collector in association with various State Departments

1 year

03 months

06 months

06 months

Page No. VIII-10

Collect, compile and prepare the base document for the mining projects and other industries covering:- Name of mine/processing unit- Name of the owner- Production capacity- Consent period- Existing pollution control measures

State Pollution Control Board 6 months

Initiate monthly inspection of the existence of the pollution control measures and their operation

State Pollution Control Board 1 month

Conduct environmental monitoring of the mines and crusher units situated in the hill region for assessment of the overall environmental status at critical locations

State Pollution Control Board 3 months

Emphasize the details on target environmental species in the annual environmental statement

Review the details so obtained and the monitoring report for grant of consent to the units in future

State Pollution Control Board 2 months

Initiate closure action on the industries not complying to the consent conditions within a year

State Pollution Control Board 1 year

3

Conduct awareness programmes and have regular interaction with the entrepreneurs to facilitate environmental upgradation

State Pollution Control Board Routine

Introduce preparation of mine plan, its submission, review and approval along with the grant of mine lease

Department of Mines & Geology 6 months

Increase the minimum size of the lease from the present 1 ha to 5 ha to undertake the env protection measures effectively

Department of Mines & Geology 1 year

Fixing of environmental protection charges and collection of the same to proposed fund for eco-restoration

Department of Mines & Geology 1 year

4

Regular inspection of the mines to ensure that mining operations are carried out as proposed which will finally result into mine closure and decommissioning in consonance with finalized land use pattern and landscaping

Department of Mines & Geology Routine

5 Take action for treatment of effluent from mine before their discharge

Carry out/ maintain the plantation in the mine areas in

Mining Entrepreneur 06 months

Page No. VIII-11

consultation with the Forest Department

Disposal of solid waste at designated places

Improve the housekeeping in the mine areas

Monitor the environmental attributes in the mining areas and also the most vulnerable habitat sites

6 Carry out/ maintain the plantation in and around the crusher plant areas

Improve the house keeping in and around the crusher plant

Install the chutes and effectively operate the dust suppression measures

Monitor the environmental attributes

Crusher Operators 06 months

7 Appoint a Central Agency (CPCB or any other) to monitor the eco-restoration efforts in the Aravali Hills

Make provision for representative of CGWB to participate in the Expert Committee and Monitoring Committee Meeting

Constitute a National Task Force under CPCB or other such designated agency to review the progress made for eco-restoration of the Aravali Hills

CPCB to participate in the Expert Committee & Monitoring Committee Meetings

Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India

06 months

8 Conduct six-monthly review of the eco-restoration measures taken by various government agencies and entrepreneurs

Issue fresh guidelines, if required, for eco-upgradation in the district

Assess the environmental degradation/up-gradation through remote sensing technique at an interval of two years, review and suggest additional measures if required for upgradation

CPCB (or any other such designated agency)

Routine

9 Initiate further studies in the areas where concentration of mining and other industrial activities are significant in the Aravali ranges. In the next phase, study of say Udaipur and Chittorgarh districts of Rajasthan, may be undertaken.

Central Pollution Control Board 06 months This will be helpful in assessing the environmental status of the problematic area in the Aravali Hills and measures to be taken for eco-restoration

Page No. VIII-12

Long-Term Action Plan For Eco-Restoration of the Aravali Hills – Alwar District

Sl No. Action Item Name of the Agency to execute

Time duration Remarks, if any

1 Maintain sufficiency of fund for eco-restoration efforts in the future

Approach International financial institutions to support eco-restoration efforts in the district

State Government may approach MoEF for matching grant to support eco-restoration efforts on long term basis

State Government of Haryana Routine

1 year

Routine

The State Environment Department may act as custodian of such fund

2 Initiate study for the sustainable development of the Gurgaon district. This should interalia take into consideration the availability of the resources and their productivity potential and the future demand pattern

State / Central Agency 1 year

3 Initiate R&D studies for greening of the Aravali range Ministry of Environment & Forests

1 year This will provide thrust to the afforestation programme in the district

4 Monitoring of ground level at strategic locations in the district

Regional Office of Central Ground Water Board

Routine

Page No. Ann(I)-1

Annexure-I

ARAVALLIMINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS

NOTIFICATIONNew Delhi, the 7th May 1992

(Under Section 3(1) and 3(2) (v) of the Environment Protection) Act, 1986 and rule 5 (3) (d) of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 restricting certain activities in specified area of Aravalli Range, which are causing Environmental Degradation in the Region.

S.O. 319 (E) - Whereas a Notification under section 3 (1) and section 3 (2) (v) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) inviting objections against restricting certain activities in specified area of Aravalli Range which are causing Environmental Degradation in the Region was published in the Gazette of India, Part II-Section 3 Sub-section (ii) vide S. O. 25 (E) dated 9th January, 1992;

And whereas all objections received have been duly considered by the Central Government;

Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) and clause (v) of sub-section (2), of section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986), read with rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, the Central Government hereby prohibits the carrying on of the following process and operations, except with its prior permission, in the areas specified in the Table appended to this Notification:

(a) Location of any new industry including expansion modernisation; (b) All new mining operations including renewals of mining leases. (c) Existing mining leases in sanctuaries/national Park and areas covered under

Project Tiger and/or(d) Mining is being done without permission of the competent authority.

i. Cutting of trees; ii. Construction of any clusters of dwelling units, farms houses, sheds,

community centres, information centres and any other activity connected with such construction (including roads a part of any infrastructure relating thereto);

iii. Electrification (laying of new transmission lines).

Any person who desires to undertake any of the above mentioned processes or operations in the said areas, shall submit an application to the Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi, in the attached application form (Annexure) specifying, inter alia, details of the area and the proposed process or operation. He shall also furnish an Environment Impact Statement and an Environmental Management Plan along with the application and such other information as may be required by the Central Government for considering the application.

The Central Government in the Ministry of Environment and Forests shall, having regard to the guidelines issued by it from time to time for giving effect to the provisions of the

Page No. Ann(I)-2

said Act, grant permission within a period of three months from the date of receipt of the application or where further information has been asked for from the applicant, within a period of three months from the date of the receipt of such information, or refuse permission within the said time on the basis of the impact of the proposed process or operation on the environment in the said area.

For seeking permission under this Notification, an application in the prescribed form (see Annexure), duly filled in, may be submitted to the Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi.

[No. 17/1/91-PL/IA]R. RAJAMANI, Secy.

TABLE

Areas where carrying on of processes and operations without permission is prohibited

(i) all reserved forests, protected forests or any other area shown as "forest in the land records maintained by the State Government as on the date of this notification in relation to Gurgaon District of the State of Haryana and the Alwar District of the State of Rajasthan.

(ii) All areas shown as: -

(a) Gair Mumkin Pahar, or (b) Gair Mumkin Rada, or (c) Gair Mumkin Behed, or (d) Banjad Beed, or (e) Rundh.

in the land records maintained by the State Government as on the date of this notification in relation to Gurgaon district of the State of Haryana and the Alwar district of the State of Rajasthan.

(iii) all areas covered by notifications issued under section 4 and 5 of the Punjab Land Preservation Act, 1900, as applicable to the State of Haryana in the district of Gurgaon up to the date of this Notification.

(iv) all areas of Sariska National Park and Sariska Sanctuary notified under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972).

ANNEXUREAPPLICATION FORM

1. (a) Name & address of the project proposed: (b) Location of the project:Name of the Place:District, Tehsil:Location Map:(c) Alternate sites examined and the reasons for the site proposed:

2. Objectives of the project:

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3. (a) Land Requirement:Agriculture land:Other (specify):

(b) (i) Topography of the area indicating gradient, aspect & altitude. (ii) Erodability classification of the proposed land.

(c) Pollution sources existing within 10 km. Radius. (d) Distance of the nearest National Park/Sanctuary/Biosphere reserve/Monuments/heritage site/Reserve Forest: (e) Rehabilitation plan for Quarries/borrow areas : (f) Green belt plan. (g) Compensatory afforestation plan.

4. Climate & Air Quality*:a. Wind rose at site:

b. Max. /Min./Mean annual temperature. c. Ambient air quality data: d. Nature & concentration of emission of SPM, Gases (CO, CO2, SO2,

NOx etc.) from the project:

5. ** (a) Water balance at site surface and ground water availability and demand:

(b) Lean season water availability: (c) Water source to be tapped with details of competing users (Rivers, lake, Ground, Public supply): (d) Water Quality: (e) Changes observed in quantity and quality of water in the last 15 years and present charging and extraction details: (f) (i) Quantum of waste water to be released with treatment details: (ii) Quantum & Quality of water in the receiving water body: (iii) Quantum of waste water to be released on land and the type of land:

6. Solid Wastes:

(a). Nature & quantity of solid wastes generated:(b). Solid waste disposal method:

7. Noise & vibrations:

(a) Sources of noise & vibrations: (b) Ambient noise level: (c) Noise & vibration control measures proposed: (d) Subsidence problem, if any, with control measures:

8. Power requirement indicating source of supply; complete environmental details to be furnished separately, if captive power unit proposed:

9. Total labour force to be deployed with details of: · ·Endemic health problems in the area. · ·Health care system proposed

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10. (a) Number of families and population to be displaced :(b) Rehabilitation Master Plan:

11. Risk assessment report:

12. (a) Environmental Impact Assessment Report :(b) Environmental Management Plan: Prepared as per Guidelines of MoEF issued from time to time. (c) Detailed Feasibility Report: (d) Proposal for diversion of Forestland under Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 including Benefit Cost analysis.

13. Recommendations of the State Pollution Control Board and/or the State Department of Environment & Forests.

Signature of the Applicant Along with name, date and

full Postal address._________________________________________________________________*Data may be obtained from India Meteorological Department and State Pollution Control Board.**Ground water Board and the Irrigation Deptt. may be contacted for data.

N.B.Item Nos. 3(c), 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 (b) and 12 (c) are not applicable to cutting of trees. Item Nos. 3(c), 4, 7, 11 are not applicable to construction of cluster of dwelling units, farm sheds, community centre and any other activity connected with such construction including roads. Item Nos. 3(b), 3(c) (3e), 3(f), 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12(a) & 12(b) are not applicable to electrification. All items to be furnished in case of mining, industry, thermal power, transport projects. Notwithstanding the above, any item(s) considered not applicable may be so indicated along with reasons.

_______________________________________________________________________

Page No. –Ann(II)-1

Table-1: Alwar District: Name of Major Leaseholders (Major & Minor Minerals) : 2000-2001

Sl No. Name of the Leaseholder Address Name of the Minerals Near Village Tehsil Area (hectares)

Period

1 M/s Ramnarain & Brothers 1-Old Industrial Area, Alwar Felspar & Quartz Tatarpur Mundavar 32.37 10 years from 27.12.19872 Shri Rajiv Mohan Gupta 238-Subhas Nagar, Alwar Silica sand & Fireclay Baswa gate Rajgarh 32.37 10 years from 14.12.19873 Smt. Indira Singhal Civil Lines, Alwar Soapstone &Fireclay Khohra Kar Mali Ramgarh 32.37 20 years from 12.08.19914 Smt. Brahma Devi Vikas Path, Alwar Soapstone Nangal Chandel Rajgarh 62.5 20 years from 28.01.855 Shri Shivkaran Singh Village-Aloda, Sikar Soapstone Thadi Gujran Thanagazhi 72.84 20 years from 20.12.19886 -do- -do- -do- Samra -do- 72.84 20 years from 20.12.19787 Shri Rajesh Sharma 24-A, Scheme-2, Alwar Soapstone, Pyroflite Berla Lakshamangarh 48.75 20 years from 30.07.19778 Shri SumanLata Pareek Soapstone, Ochre &

DolomiteNatata Thanagazhi 69.367 20 years from 29.04.1982

9 Shri Narayan Prasad Sharma Village-Bhagdoli, Alwar Red & Yellow Ochre Neembala Gwada Thanagazhi 60.70 20 years from 16.01.198010 Shri Anil mantal Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 03.06.198811 Shri Ashok Gupta B-50, Janta Colony, Jaipur Marble Khoh Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 01.04.198912 Shri Vijendra Kumar Sharma 24, Lajpat Nagar, A;war Marble Khoh Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 25.04.198713 Shri Deepak Kumar Gupta Kala Kuan Housing Board, Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 13.04.198814 Shri Granite Mining Company Old Industrial Area, Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 10.02.199715 M/s Granito Farmo Tiles -do- Marble Khoh Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 13.05.199716 M/s Khanij Udyog -do- Marble Khoh Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 02.06.199817 Shri Krishna Murari Goyal -do- Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 20.02.198518 Shri Jagdish Prasad Goyal Digari, Mathura Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 31.05.198919 Shri Mahesh Kumar Goyal Tat[pur Enterprises, Bharatpur Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 02.04.198820 Smt. Maya Goyal -do- Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 03.05.198921 Shri Pramod Kumar Goyal -do- Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 02.04.198822 Shri Prithvi Raj Meena Bal Nagar, Jaipur Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 16.07.199923 M/s Ramnarain & Brothers Old Industrial Area, Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 12.05.198824 -do- -do- Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 28.09.199725 Shri Raj Ballabh Prasad Singh Madhuban tank Colony, Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 08.07.198626 Shri Rajesh Khanna 3-Swami Dayanand Marg, Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 25.09.198827 Shri Sunil Goyal 1-Old Industrial Area, Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 28.09.199728 Smt Sushila Mishra 24-A, lajpat Nagar, Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 09.08.198929 Smt. Sushma Goyal Tat[pur Enterprises, Bharatpur Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 31.05.198930 M/s Shri Ram Minerals 1, Old Industrial Area, Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 10.02.199731 Shri Bimal Kumar Goyal -do- Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 14.05.198732 Shri Indra Kumar Gupta Tehla Road, Rajgarh, Alwar Marble Khoh Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 09.11.198933 Shri Babu Lal Meena Mallana,rajgarh, Alwar Marble Palpur Rajgarh 5 hectares 20 years from 30.03.1998

Page No. –Ann(II)-2

Sl No. Name of the Leaseholder Address Name of the Minerals Near Village Tehsil Area (hectares)

Period

34 Shri Bhagirath Meena Bas Banjara, Alwar Marble Palpur Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 30.09.199735 Shri Dwaraka Prasad Meena Ballupura, Rajgarh, Alwar Marble Palpur Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 31.12.199836 Shri Mahadeo Prasad Meena Palpur, Rajgarh, Alwar Marble Palpur Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 30.12.1997

37 Shri Pradeep More Old Station Road, Alwar Marble Palpur Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 08.04.198638 Shri Vijai Kumar Meena Ballupura, rajgarh, Alwar Marble Palpur Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 28.10.199739 M/s Granite India 1, Old Industrial Area, Alwar Marble Palpur Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 14.12.198740 M/s Shruti Marmo Pvt Limited K-47, Income Tax Colony, Jaipur Marble Dudpuri Rajgarh 0.862 Ha 20 years from 06.10.199741 –do- -do- Marble Dudpuri Rajgarh 8.850 Sq M 20 years from 06.10.199742 M/s Guru Kripa Marbales Raja Colony, Dausa Marble Dedpuri Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 03.05.198943 Shri Subhas Chand Ramsara, Firozpur (Punjab) Marble Naya Bas Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 24.11.199044 M/s Triveni Marbles Malviya Industrail Area, Jaipur Marble Mallana Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 09.06.198945 M/s Adarsh Marbles 443, Hasan Khan, Mewat Nagar, Alwar Marble Mallana Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 29.03.198846 Smt. Alka Singh Gurjar Was, Jaipur Marble Garedhanpura Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 12.07.198947 Shri Ajay Malpani Madhogarh, Sikar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 29.03.198848 Shri Ashok Somani Durga Vihar Colony, Jaipur Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 29.03.198849 Shri Ashok Kumar Verma 88, Lajpat Nagar, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 24.11.198950 M/s Hindustan Marbles F-38, MIA, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 01.05.198951 Shri Kailash Chand Gupta Jatti Ki Bagichi, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 12.03.198652 Smt. Kamala Devi Garedhanpura, rajgarh, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 02.06.198653 Smt. Lalita Devi Jaipur Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 12.07.198454 Shri Man Singh Meena Karoli Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 16.07.199955 Shri Narendra Kumar Gupta 178, Lajpat Nagar, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 02.02.198756 Shri Pawan Kumar Khola Kala Kuan Housing Bioard, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 25.07.198757 Smt. Raju Devi Sikar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 08.09.198858 Smt. Rajendra Prasad Gupta C-56 Karmachari Colony, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 03.06.198659 Shri Radhe Shyam Gupta Opposite Jar Hostel, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 25.09.198760 Shri Ram Swarup Sohani Bajaj Road, Sikar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 29.03.198861 Shri Suresh Kumar Agrawal Sikar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 29.03.198862 Shri Sube Singh Chaudhary Sodawas, Mundawar, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 30.07.198763 Shri Sandeep Ghai Tehla Road, Rajgarh, Alwar Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 28.12.198764 Shri Ajai Sharma Gyan Marg, Tilak Nagar, Jaipur Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 30.12.198765 Shri Ashok Gupta Adarsh Nagar, Jaipur Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 01.04.198966 Shri Ashok Ajmera Jauhari Bazar, Jaipur Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 01.09.198867 Shri Anil Sharma Near Railway Crossing, Dausa Marble -do- Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 27.05.1988

Page No. –Ann(II)-3

Sl No. Name of the Leaseholder Address Name of the Minerals Near Village Tehsil Area (hectares)

Period

68 Smt. Kumud Dhoot Dhoot Home, Vani Park, Jaipur Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 25.10.198869 Shri Kamod Kumar Sharma Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 23.10.198870 Shri Kamod Kumar Sharma

C/o S.C. Tewary Commission Agent, Alwar Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 23.10.1988

71 Shri Kailash Chandra Agrawal D-8, Kabir Marg, Jaipur Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 24.12.198872 Shri Ram Chandra Khetan Kalpataru Shopping Centre, Jaipur Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 17.07.198473 Smt. Sarina Bhatu C/o Sunil Bhatu, B-28, Tilaknagar,

JaipurMarble Gordhanpura Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 19.06.1989

74 Shri Shushil Kumar Sharma C-48, Sethi Colony, Jaipur Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 23.04.198875 Shri Umesh Gaur Subhas Colony, Dausa Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 30.04.198876 Smt. Uttam Devi B-346, Janta Colony, Jaipur Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 19.09.198877 Shri Vinod Kumar Ajmera 1873, Ashok Bhavan, Haldiyo Ka Rasta,

JaipurMarble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 01.09.1988

78 Smt. Nirmala Sharma Mohalla Khari Koti, Dausa Marble Baldeogarh Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 11.08.198879 Shri Atul Patni 5B24, JLN Marg, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 08.03.198880 Shri Amar Chand Kumawat 1B19, P&C Colony, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 06.02.198781 Smt. Asha Devi Khetan Shop No. 41, Kalptaru, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 08.07.198882 Shri Bhagwan Das Mangal Pritampuri House, Gopinath Kala, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 12.04.198983 Shri Brij Kishor Sharma B-50, Janta Colony, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 12.04.198984 Shri Bajrang Lal Khetan 41, Kalptaru Shpping Centre, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 15.09.198885 M/s CGM Minerals -do- Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 29.06.198886 Shri Dinesh Khetan 1-B-19, Nahri ka naka, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 12.04.198987 M/s Granito Marmo Tiles 1, Old Industrial Area, Alwar Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 14.05.198788 Smt. Hemlata Saraswat C/o SK Gupta, Meo Boarding, Alwar Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 18.03.198989 Smt. Indira Sharma B-50, Janta Colony, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 11.04.198890 Smt. Jitendra Kumar Saxena 64, Arya Nagar, Alwar Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 28.10.199091 M/s Kaushalya Devi Khetan 1-B-19, Nahrio ka naka, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 08.07.198892 Smt. Kailash Chandra Kala 458, Narnio ka rasta, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 08.03.198893 M/s Khetan Minerals 41, Kalptaru Shopping Centre, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 15.09.198894 M/s Khetan Minerals -do- Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 15.09.198895 Smt. Murari Lal Goyal Goyal Books & Stationers, Church

Road, AlwarMarble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 06.07.1988

96 Smt. Om Prakash Gupta Ashok Circle, Dayanand Marg, Alwar Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 09.02.198797 Shri Paras jain Naresh Jain, Balaji Rathod Ki Gartani,

AlwarMarble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 05.08.1988

98 Shri Pradeep Pareek A-153, Nehru Nagar, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 29.05.198899 Shri Pradeep Pareek -do- Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 05.05.1987100 Shri Prabhu Dayal Purohit -do- Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 10 years from 11.09.1987101 Smt. Rattan Devi Kala 458, Naraniya Ka Rasta, Jaipur Marble Tilwad Rajgarh 100*100 20 years from 08.03.1988

Page No. –Ann(II)-4

Sl No. Name of the Leaseholder Address Name of the Minerals Near Village Tehsil Area (hectares)

Period

102 Smt. Subha Devi Khetan 1B19, P&T Colony, Jaipur Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 15.09.1988103 Smt. Subha Devi Khetan -do- Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 15.09.1988104 Smt. Santosh Khanna 3, Swami Dayanand Marg, Alwar Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 29.03.1987

105 Smt. Sunita Agrawal 1998, Naipal Bhavan, Govind Rajaji ka rasta, Jaipur

Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 10.04.1989

106 M/s Tilwad Marble G-1A Ashok Marg, C-Scheme, Jaipur Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 04.05.1988107 Shri Sunil Bhatu R10B-28, Tilak Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 19.06.1989108 Smt. Santosh Khanna 3, Swami dayanand Marg, Alwar Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 03.02.1988109 Shri Rajkumar Agrawal Shubra Grani Marmo Tiles,

Vishwakarma, JaipurMarble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 16.04.1987

110 Shri Ram Swarup Sharma Village Kakrari, Rampura, Alwar Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 08.09.2000111 Shri Mohar Singh Mandela House, Krishi Mandi, Sikar Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 02.09.1989

112 Shri M.Y. Chauhan Hazi Fakeer Mohammad Ward No 21, Sikar

Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 29.08.1984

113 Smt Manjusha Daga C/o Kishan Chand Daga, Opposite Baldeo Plaza, Ajmer Road, Jaipur

Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 05.08.1987

114 Shri Mohan Singh Behind Ramji Niwas Panchayat Samiti, Saguar

Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 24.12.1988

115 Smt Mathura Devi Meena Gokulpura Village, Meenawana, Jaipur Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 21.10.1999116 Shri Narpat Singh Village- Bhidhari, Rajgarh, Churu Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 02.05.1989117 Shri Naresh Kumar Bhateja 1D/4. Sukhadia Nagar, Shri Ganga

NagarMarble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 05.11.1996

118 Shri Prakash Chandra Jain C/o Chiranji Lal Jain, Saithal, Dausa Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 05.08.1987119 M/s Naruka Marbles Jagannathpura Village, Thanagazhi,

AlwarMarble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 26.05.1989

120 M/s Prithvi Marbles Village- Ungahi, Jamba Ramgarh, Jaipur

Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 04.10.1989

121 Shri Raghuvir Singh Shekhawat D-185, Premnagar, Jaipur Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 12.07.1989122 Shri Rajendra Kumar Sehgal 6-19, Malviya nagar< Jaipur Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 17.10.1987123 Shri Rajendra Kumar Agrawal 3 Kha 5A, Javahar Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 17.10.1987124 Shri Rakesh Meena Village-Lagadia, Jamba

Ramgarh,JaipurMarble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 15.10.1997

125 Shri Rakesh Meena -do- Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 15.10.1997126 M/s Ganpati Minerals 121, Ganpati Plaza, MI Road, Jaipur Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 11.11.1997127 Shri Ram Autar Sheikhpura, Sikar Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 07.03.1990

Page No. –Ann(II)-5

Sl No. Name of the Leaseholder Address Name of the Minerals

Near Village Tehsil Area (hectares)

Period

128 Shri Ravindra Kumar Sharma Santosh Sagar Colony, Brahma Puri, Jaipur

Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 6080 sq m 20 years from 14.10.1999

129 Shri Ram Autar Kumawat Kanhaiyalal, Thana Gazhi, Alwar Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 11.08.1986130 Shri Ratnesh Marble Bavadi PO-Vamanbas, Thana gazhi

AlwarMarble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 17.08.1991

131 M/s Sharma Marble & Minerals UK Sharma, Brahma Chari Alwar Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 08.09.1988132 M/s Shiv Shakti Marbles M-100, Vikaspuri, New Delhi Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 05.06.1989133 Shri Chardra Shekhar Gupta Bank Colony, 26-B, Alwar Marble Kalli Falla Rawada, Thana Gazhi Thana Ghazi 150*150 10 years from 28.07.1993134 M/s C.S. Mines Pvt Limited 32-Alkapuri Shopping Complex, Alwar Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 19.02.1990135 Smt. Chanda Devi Meena Village-Kaulan, The-Baswa, Dausa Marble Samra Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 12.10.1999136 M/s Dixit Marble Stone Jhiri, Thana Gazhi, Alwar Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 07.01.1989137 M/s Dixt Marble Stone -do- Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 07.01.1989138 M/s Dheeraj Marbles 230, Lajpat Nagar, Alwar Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 08.03.1989

139 Smt. Girija Prasad Gupta 15, Scheme-10, Vivek Bihar, Alwar Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 04.09.1989140 M/s Ganpati Marbles 5Jha-18, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 05.08.1987141 M/s Ganpati Mines Ganpati Plaza, MI Road, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 10.1857 20 years from 13.03.1990142 Shri Kanhaiyalal Kumawat J-19, Subhas Marg, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 17.10.1987143 Shri Kishan Singh H-870, Gandhi Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 05.06.1989144 M/s Karani Marbles Jagannathpura, Thana gazhi, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 02.01.1989145 Smt. Kiran Kanwar F-289, Shyam nagar Extension, Ajmer

Road, JaipurMarble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 27.07.1989

146 M/s Khandelwal Mines 47, Kalyan Bihari, Delhi-1 Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 04.05.1988147 Shri Kalyan Sahay Meena Rama Krishna Colony, Kala Kuan, Alwar Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 04.11.1999148 Shri Laxmi Narayna Sharma D-12, Amba Vadi, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 05.06.1989149 Shri Madan Lal Nayak Jhiri, Thana Gazhi, Alwar Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 28.03.1998150 Shri Madan Lal Sharma Chhoti Jhiri, Thana Gazhi, Alwar Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 14.07.1997151 M/s Moti Maharaja Marbles T-1, Mayur Apartment, Civil Lines,

JaipurMarble Kalasi kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 28.12.1988

152 M/s Manohar Marbles Jhiri, Thana Gazhi, Alwar Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 28.12.1988153 Shri Mahesh Chandra Meena Sadaya Ka Khada, Ajabgarh, Thana

gazhi, AlwarMarble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 03.06.1989

Page No. –Ann(II)-6

Sl No. Name of the Leaseholder Address Name of the Minerals

Near Village Tehsil Area (hectares)

Period

154 M/s Arpit Marble Private Ltd Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 05.08.1997155 M/s Arpit Marble Private Ltd Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 150*150 20 years from 05.08.1997156 M/s Arpit Marble Private Ltd Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 05.08.1997157 M/s Arpit Marble Private Ltd Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 17.10.1997158 M/s Arpit Marble Private Ltd Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 21.07.1997159 M/s Arpit Marble Private Ltd

C-146, 147, Road No. 9Vishwakarma Industrial Area, Jaipur

Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 19.01.1998160 M/s Agrawal Marble Mines 3 The 13 Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 25.04.1989

161 M/s Ashok Kumar Agrawal Bas Khohsari, Ganga Pol, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 04.10.1989162 M/s Anil Kumar Goyal 33, Arya nagar, Alwar Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 29.05.1989163 M/s Ambika Marbles Ramji Niwas, Makrana, Nagaur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 10.1857 10 years from 31.05.1989164 M/s Apoorva Kumar Sharma Fauzdar House, Chandpol

Market, JaipurMarble Natata Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 03.01.1996

165 M/s Anita Sharma -do- Marble Natata Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 26.08.1998166 M/s Basanti Devi Khetan 1-B-19, P&T Colony, Jaipur Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 17.10.1986167 M/s Bhanvar Singh

ShekhawatD-185, Prem Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 14.03.1989

168 M/s Bhavani Singh Shekhawat

-do- Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 14.03.1989

169 M/s Bright Star Marbles 4/767 Javahar Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 26.05.1989170 M/s Kuhu Minerals & Mines 1-Mukta Nand Marg, Jaipur Marble Samara Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 08.11.1996171 M/s Babu Lal Meena Jagannathpura, Thana Gazhi,

AlwarMarble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 28.10.1999

172 M/s Shadilal Marbles Pvt Ltd C-61A Road No. 1, VIA, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 05.08.1987173 M/s Shyam Marbles Thana Gazhi, Alwar Marble Kalasi kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 19.07.1988174 M/s Swami Marbles Kalki Kala Gwada, ThanaGhazi,

AlwarMarble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 02.09.1989

175 M/s Kasetia Marbles 5 Kha, Javahar Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 31.03.1989176 M/s Shyam Kumar Khandelwal Bors, Thanagazhi

(Alw)Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 15.03.1989

177 M/s Amrit Lal Gaba Dhakkapuri, gaya Bhavan, Alwar Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 31.03.1989

Page No. –Ann(II)-7

Sl No. Name of the Leaseholder Address Name of the Minerals

Near Village Tehsil Area (hectares)

Period

178 Mr Shushil Gupta 26-B, Bank Colony, Alwar Marble Kalli Falla Rawada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 31.08.1997179 Mr Shiv Dayal Meena Jaitpur, Bagad Bas, Alwar Marble Kalli Falla Rawada Thana Ghazi 150*150 10 years from 17.08.1991180 Shri Sushila bajaj Bajaj Sadan, Shahpura, Jaipur Marble Nijhara Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 12.05.1988181 Shri Satish Chandra Garg 13, Arya Nagar, Alwar Marble Nijhara Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 28.06.1995182 Smt Seema Singh Sai Sadan, Sangner, Jaipur Marble Nijhara Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 12.05.1992183 M/s Peer Bajrang Marbles Nijhara Village, Jagannathpura,

AlwarMarble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 14.03.1999

184 Shri Virendra Gupta Sarraf Bazar, Hindon City, Karoli Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 23.05.1989

185 Shri Vijay Kumar Chhabra 352, Gurunanak Pura, jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 04.10.1989186 Shri Vijay Kumar Bhateja 4 Da 25, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 05.11.1996187 Shri Sravan Jhiri, Thana Gazhi, Alwar Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 10.1857 20 years from 05.05.1988188 M/s Shiv Shakti Stone 90, Himmat Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 100*100 10 years from 05.08.1987189 Shri Ashwini Agrawal 2-Ka-16, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur Marble Kalasi Kala Rwada Thana Ghazi 1.0032 ha 20 years from 17.08.2000190 Shri Kamal Kant C-250, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 02.02.2001191 Shri Kamal Kant -do- Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 02.02.2001192 Smt Vandana Kathuria E-13, Bal Marg, Tilak Nagar, jaipur Marble Jhiri Thana Ghazi 100*100 20 years from 02.02.2001193 Shri Babulala Mahajan 32, Laljpat Nagar, Alwar Chirt Puthi Ramgarh 1.00 10 years from 01.12.1991194 Smt Pushpa Devi 8, Tel Mandi Alwar Chirt Puthi Ramgarh 1.00 10 years from 27.10.1990195 Shri Babulala Meena Saithali, Ramgarh, Alwar Chirt Saithali Ramgarh 1.00 20 years from 27.10.1999196 Shri Indra Kumar Sharma Ushahedi, Mundawar, Alwar Patti Kabala Ushahedi Mundawar 13.378 10 years from 14.12.1988197 Shri Jaydrath Yadav -do- -do- Toda Mundawar 3.0625 10 years from 15.01.1990198 The Mundavar Mines Vil-Sagar Jadid, Mundawar, Alwar -do- Sagar Jadid Mundwar 25.46 10 years from 16.08.1990199 Shri Narayan Sahay Thana Ghazi, Alwar -do- Salera Basti Thana Ghazi 136.2887 10 years from 28.04.1989200 Shri Bashir Ahmad Dholi Doob, Alwar Stone Picking Dholi Doob Alwar 1.00 10 years from 11.09.1990201 Smt Radha Agrawal Vijai Automobile, Station Road,

Alwar-do- Pherna Dehra Alwar 1.00 10 years from 21.04.1990

202 Shri Mam Raj Saini Village-Liwari, Alwar -do- Bhugor Alwar 0.25 10 years from 17.09.1990203 Shri Maithili Sharan Sharma Mahal Chowk, Alwar -do- Bala Dehra Alwar 1.00 10 years from 12.04.1991204 Shri Pradeep Kr Jain Bhikam saiyyad, Alwar -do- Sonava Alwar 0.25 10 years from 23.02.1987205 Shri Rattiram Gupta Opp. Ganesh Talkies, Road No. 2,

Alwar-do- Bhugor Alwar 0.25 10 years from 06.05.1990

206 Shri Sunil Agrawal Alkapuri, Alwar -do- Kadruki Alwar 1.00 10 years from 13.02.1991207 Shri Sohan Lal Saini Naya Bas, Alwar -do- Bhugor Alwar 0.25 10 years from 23.03.1991208 Shri Suman Kumar Sharma 760, Vivek Vihar, Alwar -do- Jehana Alwar 1.00 10 years from 08.03.1988209 Smt Sharada Kanwar Dhobi Ghatta, Alwar -do- Kasba dehara Alwar 1.00 10 years from 21.04.1990210 Shri Umrao Singh Dhobi Ghatta, Alwar -do- Bhugor Alwar 0.350 10 years from 21.03.1990211 M/s Indu Stone Crusing Co. Village- Sohari, Alwar -do- Sohiri Alwar 0.125 10 years from 08.10.1988

Page No. –Ann(II)-8

Sl No. Name of the Leaseholder Address Name of the Minerals Near Village Tehsil Area (hectares)

Period

212 Shri Ram Bharati Stone Picking Sohiri Alwar 0.250 10 years from 12.09.1989213 Shri Ram Bharati

Bharati Stone Cushing, Sahori, Alwar -do- Sohiri Alwar 0.250 10 years from 19.08.1985

214 Shri Mahadeo Prasad Gupta Maltana, Thana Ghazi, Alwar -do- Malutana Thana Ghazi 1.00 10 years from 03.10.1990215 The Bara Querry Labour Co. Bhadkol, Laxamangarh, Alwar -do- Chhindoli etc. Laxamnagarh 6604.50 10 years from 01.04.1978216 Shri Badri Prasad Lalawadi, Ramgarh, Alwar -do- Lalawadi Ramgarh 1.0 10 years from 22.06.1991217 Shri Nasru Khan Mandala, Ramgarh, Alwar -do- Madla -do- 1.0 10 years from 22.10.1991218 Shri Mohan Lal Gupta 288, Scheme-4, Alwar -do- Bal Badka -do- 1.0 10 years from 11.03.1991

219 Shri Sunil Agrawal Alkapuri, Alwar -do- Goleta -do- 1.0 10 years from 31.07.1991220 Shri Ram Kishor Saini Naya Berodiwala Kuan,

Khudanpuri, Alwar-do- Bhatsera -do- 1.0 10 years from 23.07.1987

221 M/s Padam Data Khairthal, Kishangarh, Alwar -do- Idgah Kishengarh 1.0 10 years from 04.11.1989222 Shri Ramesh Chandra

AgrawalKhairthal, Kishangarh, Alwar -do- Hussainpur Kishengarh 0.50 10 years from 18.03.1988

223 Shri Buddha Ram Sheopur, Mundawar, Alwar -do- Sheyopur Mundawar 1.00 10 years from 02.06.1989224 Shri Dulli Chanda Gurjar -do- -do- -do- -do- 1.00 10 years from 04.10.1987225 Shri Harful Gurjar -do- -do- -do- -do- 0.25 10 years from 02.06.1989226 Shri Mohan lal Yadav -do- -do- -do- -do- 1.00 10 years from 28.02.1986227 Shri Matadin yadav -do- -do- -do- -do- 1.00 10 years from 04.01.1989228 Shri Rajkumar Agrawal Mator Road, Khairthal, Alwar -do- -do- -do- 1.00 10 years from 30.10.1989229 Shri Parag Balecha Khairthal, Kishengarh, Alwar -do- Datla -do- 1.00 10 years from 30.10.1991230 Shri Dinesh Kumar Gupta Kotputli, Jaipur -do- Hamirpur Bansur 1.00 10 years from 08.05.1990231 Shri Dinesh Kumar Gupta Kotputli, Alwar -do- -do- -do- 1.00 10 years from 08.05.1990232 Shri Pramod Kumar Agrawal Kotputli, Alwar -do- -do- -do- 1.00 10 years from 08.05.1990233 Shri Pramod Kr Agrawal Kotputli, Alwar -do- -do- -do- 1.00 10 years from 08.05.1990234 Shri Prahlad Chand Saini Buchhera, Kotputli, Alwar -do- Kaithal -do- 0.50 10 years from 28.05.1985235 Shri Rehmat Meo Jojameo, Bagor, Tijara, Alwar -do- Neemali Tijara 0.75 20 years from 17.06.1999236 Shri Sunil Kumar Yadav VPO-Tori, Rewari -do- Chaupanaki Tijara 1.00 20 years from 15.06.1999237 Shri Sunil Kumar Yadav -do- -do- -do- Tijara 0.75 20 years from 17.06.1999238 M/s Diva Construction Project Godhan, Tijara, Alwar -do- -do- Tijara 1.00 20 years from 17.06.1999239 M/s Diva Construction Project -do- -do- -do- Tijara 1.00 20 years from 17.06.1999

Page No. –Ann(II)-9

Sl No. Name of the Leaseholder Address Name of the Minerals Near Village Tehsil Area (hectares)

Period

240 Shri Kishan Saini Naya Bas, Alwar Stone Picking Teharpur Alwar 0.250 20 years from 29.07.1999241 Shri Tejaram Saini Mator, Mundawar, Alwar -do- Narayanpur Thana Ghazi 1.00 20 years from 21.08.1999242 Shri Tejaram Saini -do- -do- Narayanpur Thana Ghazi 1.00 20 years from 21.08.1999243 Shri Ram Swarup Sharma Aandhi, Jamwa Ramgarh, Jaipur -do- Mukadpura Bansur 1.00 20 years from 30.11.2000244 Shri Dinesh Saini Naya Bas, Alwar -do- Tehadpur Alwar 128*78 20 years from 08.09.1999245 M/s Shankar Industries Najaja bazra, Alwar -do- Mangal Bas -do- 1.0 10 years from 10.12.1990246 M/s Shankar Industries -do- -do- Mangal Bas -do- 1.0 10 years from 10.12.1990

247 Shri Noor Hussain Rahamoo Niwas, Sonava, Alwar -do- Sonava -do- 1.0 10 years from 13.01.1988248 Shri Gauri Shankar Gupta Machari, Rajgarh, Alwar Lime Stone Machari Rajgarh 5.1225 10 years from 07.11.1987249 Shri Prakash Chandra Gupta Tehla Road, Rajgarh, Alwar -do- Kali Pahari Rajgarh 2.25 10 years from 12.06.1991250 Smt Laxami Devi 87-B, South West Block, Alwar Granite Deosan Bansur 1.00 10 years from 04.02.1991251 Shri Prabhu Dayal Sharma Fateharpura, Sikar -do- Deosan Bansur 1.00 10 years from 28.05.1990252 Shri R.C. Gupta Harsora, Bansur, Alwar -do- Harsoura Bansur 1.00 10 years from 12.06.1991253 Smt Ramawati Khandelwal 101, Mangal Bihar, Alwar -do- Kharori Bansur 1.00 10 years from 04.02.1991

Page No. –Ann(II)-10

Table-2: Inventory of other industries in Alwar District

Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of Industry1 M/s Monto Motors Limited 2 M/s Ashok Leyland Limited 3 M/s Universal Cylinders Limited4 M/s Thapar Milk Products Limited 5 M/s Herbertsons Limited 6 M/s Indital Tintoria Limited7 M/s J.L. Knit (India) Limited 8 M/s Prime Chem Oil Limited 9 M/s Alwar Agro Mills (P) Limited10 M/s Raj Solvex Limited 11 M/s Gaurav Solvex (P) Limited 12 M/s Raptakas Brett & Company13 M/s H.P.M. Industries Limited 14 M/s Modi Alkalies & Chemicals Limited 15 M/s Vikram Plastic16 M/s B.G. Chemicals 17 M/s Chlorochem Industries 18 M/s Chloride & Chemicals19 M/s Rawat Chemicals (Private)

Limited20 M/s Hindustan Chemicals 21 M/s MIA Plasticizers & Allied Product

22 M/s Chemplast Industry 23 M/s Superchem Industries 24 M/s Noida Chemical Industries25 M/s Gajanan Chemical Industries 26 M/s Shanti Chemicals 27 M/s Alwar Paraffin 7 Allied Products28 M/s Vikas Udyog Limited 29 M/s Garg Chemical 30 M/s Advance Chemical Industries31 M/s Allied Chemicals 32 M/s Pavan Tanay Chem Plast (P) Ltd 33 M/s Swadeshi Chemical Industries34 M/s Ramavtar Petro-chemicals (P)

Ltd.35 M/s Modigarh Chemical (P) Ltd 36 M/s Appolo Chemicals (P) Ltd.

37 M/s V.K. Plasto Chem Industries 38 M/s Hind Polymers 39 M/s Shree Organic Chem Industries (P) Ltd.40 M/s H.K. Paper Industries (P) Ltd 41 M/s Sarovar Chemicals 42 M/s Bharat Rasayan Udyog43 M/s Subhas Chemicals 44 M/s Rajasthan Chemicals (P) Ltd 45 M/s Premier Paraffin (P) Limited46 M/s Green Field Industries 47 M/s Prem Chemicals 48 M/s Shree Chem Industries49 M/s Global Enterprise 50 M/s Shree Padmavati Chemical

Industries51 M/s Balaji Plasticizers & Chemicals

52 M/s Western Chemical Industries 53 M/s Mahavir Chemicals 54 M/s P.G.L. Vikram Chemicals55 M/s Alwar Chemical Industry 56 M/s Khemson’s Polymers 57 M/s Vikram Polyplast (P) Limited58 M/s Haryana Chemicals 59 M/s Rajasthan Paraffin Chloride 60 M/s Deewanwala Chemicals & Dyes (P) Ltd61 M/s Rajasthan Dyes & Chemicals 62 M/s Chamundi Gas & Chemicals 63 M/s Alpha Hi-Tech Gases (P) Limited64 M/s Nippon Gas & Chemicals (P) Ltd 65 M/s Zen Gas & Chemicals (P) Limited 66 M/s Mahabaleshar Gas & Chemicals67 M/s Ujala Gas & Chemicals (P) Ltd 68 M/s Air Liquide 69 M/s Jaibalaji Cement Limited70 M/s S.N.L. Cement (P) Limited 71 M/s Kapson Cement (P) Ltd 72 M/s Geekay Cement (p) Ltd.73 M/s Gemini Cement (P) Limited 74 M/s Dabur India 75 M/s Shree Narsingh Paper & Oil Mills (P) Ltd76 M/s Singhal Industry & Steel Foundry 77 M/s renu Extraction (P) Limited 78 M/s Regional Oil Seed Growers Co-Operative Union

Limited79 M/s K.M. Minerals 80 M/s Ashoka Minerals 81 M/s Rajasthan Marble82 M/s Mahavir Minerals 83 M/s P.K. Mineral 84 M/s Sharma Marbles85 M/s Shiv Shakti Mineral 86 M/s M.K. Minerals 87 M/s G.M. Udyog88 M/s Supreme Minerals 89 M/s Janaki Minerals 90 M/s Khandelwal Minerals

Page No. –Ann(II)-11

Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of Industry91 M/s Krishna Minerals 92 M/s Manoj Minerals 93 M/s Jyoti Minerals94 M/s Goyal Marbles 95 M/s Shree Balaji Minerals 96 M/s J.K. Minchem97 M/s Single Marble 98 M/s K.K. Minerals 99 M/s Ghanshyam Marble100 M/s Laxmi Steel Industries 101 M/s Krishna trading Company 102 M/s National Minerals103 M/s Rajasthan Marbles 104 M/s Laxmi Minerals 105 M/s J.K. Minerals106 M/s Shakti Minerals 107 M/s M.C.M. Minerals 108 M/s Nidhi Marble109 M/s Gorki Industries 110 M/s Modern Minerals 111 M/s Juhi Granites112 M/s Haryana Granite India 113 M/s Bhargava Industries 114 M/s Sagar Granimarmo115 M/s J.P. Industries 116 M/s Osho Industries 117 M/s Kapson Granite & Marbles118 M/s Shiva Granite 119 M/s Glory Granite 120 M/s Yash Granites121 M/s Raj Granites (India) 122 M/s Mangala Granites 123 M/s R.K. Granites124 M/s Alwar Granites 125 M/s Raj Kamal Granites 126 M/s Diamond Granite127 M/s Agrawal Minerals 128 M/s Bansal Granite (India) 129 M/s Vikas Granites130 M/s Sharad Minerals 131 M/s Anurag Granites 132 M/s Haryana Granites (P) Limited133 M/s Golden Granites 134 M/s Apco Granites 135 M/s Dimex Granite136 M/s Rajgarh Minerals 137 M/s Gorky Minerals 138 M/s R.K. Minerals139 M/s Deekay Metal Industries (P) Ltd 140 M/s Rajasthan Chemicals & Minerals 141 M/s fair Marble142 M/s Sulakshana Mineral 143 M/s R.G. Minerals (P) Ltd. 144 M/s Mudra Minerals145 M/s Gayatri Minerals 146 M/s Meenakshi Minerals 147 M/s G.V. Minchem148 M/s Brij Minerals 149 M/s J.K. Minchem 150 M/s Aravali Implement151 M/s Rajshri Minerals (P) Ltd. 152 M/s Ganesh Minerals 153 M/s Chandra Minerals154 M/s H.b. Minerals (P) Limited 155 M/s Trimurti Marbles 156 M/s Aditya Marbles & Granites157 M/s M.S. Marbles 158 M/s Shri Adinath Marbles 159 M/s Sansar Marbles (P) Ltd160 M/s Shri Majnath Marbles (P) Ltd 161 M/s Graphic Marble (P) Ltd 162 M/s Ankesh Marbles (P) Limited163 M/s Ganpati Marble Udyog 164 M/s P.K. Marbles (P) Ltd 165 M/s Dimensional Marbles (P) Ltd166 M/s Sanmati Marbles (P) Ltd 167 M/s Jai Gurudev Marbles (P) Ltd 168 M/s Suman Industries169 M/s Kaushalya Enterprises 170 M/s Amravati Marbles Private Ltd 171 M/s Navkar Marbles Private Limited172 M/s Dehradoon Marbles 173 M/s Vardaman Marbles 174 M/s Mohit Marbles175 M/s Akshay Marbles & Granites 176 M/s D.S. Marble Udyog 177 M/s Bajrang Marbles178 M/s Amar Chemicals 179 M/s Shweta Chemical Indistries 180 M/s Bhatia rasayan Udyog

Page No. –Ann(II)-12

Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of Industry181 M/s Mahipal Chemicals 182 M/s Himshri Chemicals 183 M/s Shubham Chemicals (P) Limited184 M/s Manglam Chemicals 185 M/s Avon Chemical Industries 186 M/s Shree Shyam Chemicals187 M/s Swastik Chemicals 188 M/s Laxami Chemical Industries 189 M/s Kamal Industries190 M/s Shiva Chemicals 191 M/s Ambika Minerals 192 M/s Aravali Chemicals193 M/s Tirupati Industries 194 M/s Santoshika Exports (P) Limited 195 M/s Ankur Dye Staff Industries196 M/s Barium Chemicals 197 M/s Rajasthan Poly Chemicals 198 M/s Arham Chemicals (P) Limited199 M/s J.K. Industries 200 M/s S.N. Petro-chem (P) Limited 201 M/s Shiva Distillation & Chemicals202 M/s Bhartia Pharmaceuticals 203 M/s Crown Pharamceuticals 204 M/s ACE Laboratories Limited205 M/s Marvel Ceramics (P) Limited 206 M/s EID Parry (India) Limited 207 M/s DCM Silk Mills208 M/s Alwar Refractories (P) Limited 209 M/s Mateshwary Cement (P) Limited 210 M/s Agro Carb211 M/s Surya Biocoal 212 M/s Eskay Engineers 213 M/s Ajanta Chemicals (P) Limited214 M/s Vintage Distillers Limited 215 M/s Telemates India (P) Limited 216 M/s Bhartia Industries Limited217 M/s Alwar Organics (P) Limited 218 M/s Grapco Industries Limited 219 M/s Havels India Limited220 M/s Alwar Zila Dugdh Utpadak Sahakari Sangh Limited

Old Industrial Area221 M/s Modern Suitings 222 M/s Vijay Solvex Limited 223 M/s Eicher Tractors Limited224 M/s Shri Ram Minerals 225 M/s R.G. Industries 226 M/s Khanij Udyog227 M/s Rajasthan Mineral Traders 228 M/s Khanna Khanij Udyog 229 M/s Jawahar Mineral Industries230 M/s Bhagwan Industries 231 M/s Trade & Industry 232 M/s Sardari Industries233 M/s Khanna Mineral Chemical

Industries234 M/s Shri Gopal Mineral Industries 235 M/s Mangala Enterprises

236 M/s Ram Narain Minerals 237 M/s Ram Narain & Brothers 238 M/s Malt Manufactureres Pvt Limited239 M/s Alwar Malt Manu (P) Limited 240 M/s Bharat Mineral & Chemicals 241 M/s Rajasthan Honey & Drug Lab (P) Limited242 M/s Alwar Chemical Industries 243 M/s Nangalwala Chemical Industries 244 M/s Rajasthan Rasaynic Udyog245 M/s Honey Wala Industries 246 M/s Prakash Pulverising Mills 247 M/s Hari Om Precision Castings (P) Ltd.248 M/s Shram Metals 249 M/s Alwar Malt & Agro Foods (P) Ltd. 250 M/s Shree ram Industries251 M/s Jalan Refractories (P) Limited 252 M/s Zine-O-India 253 M/s Shashi Phyto Chemical Industries254 M/s Sunil Synchem Limited

Ramgarh & Delhi Road255 M/s Neemrana Hotels (P) Limited 256 M/s Kishor Woolen Mills (P) Limited 257 M/s Navgaon Textiles Mills (P) Ltd258 M/s Bharat Bricks 259 M/s Kanak Bricks 260 M/s Mangala Bricks261 M/s Alwar Bricks Industries 262 M/s Mohan Bricks 263 M/s B.M. Enterprises264 M/s Gupta Chemicals

Page No. –Ann(II)-13

Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of IndustryMiscellaneous

265 M/s Agrawal Stone Crushing Industries

266 M/s India Stone Crusher 267 M/s Gitwako Farms (P) Limited

268 M/s Kishan Bricks 269 M/s Shubham Bricks 270 M/s Ashoka Bricks271 M/s Bhagat Ji Bricks 272 M/s Gulati Bricks 273 M/s Modi Air Products274 M/s RTDC Hotel Tiger Den, Sariska 275 M/s Hotel Sariska Palace, Sariska 276 M/s Hotel Lake Palace, Silesar277 M/s Hotel Aravali 278 M/s Netra Jyoti Hostital & Research

Centre279 M/S Harish Hospital (P) Limited

Kathumar280 M/s Singhel Bricks Udyog 281 M/s Dhiraj Bricks Factory 282 M/s Rama Eent Udyog283 M/s Tasai Eent Udyog 284 M/s Gandhi Eent Udyog

Khairthal285 M/s Alwar Processors (P) Limited 286 M/s Amit Stone Crusher 287 M/s Balaji Stone Crusher288 M/s Agrawal Stone crusher 289 M/s Jai Shiv Shankar Stone Crusher 290 M/s Rohtak Stone Crusher291 M/s Shailaja Grit Udyog 292 M/s Sindh Bricks 293 M/s A-one Bricks294 M/s Balaji Bricks 295 M/s Deepak Bricks 296 M/s Maruti nandana Textiles Limited

Rajgarh297 M/s Original Mineral Industries 298 M/s Ashoka Mineral Industries 299 M/s Hanuman Mineral & Grinding Mills300 M/s Harbans Lal & Sons

R.I.A. Rajgarh301 M/s Ghai Mineral Industries 302 M/s Pasoria Mineral Industries 303 M/s Mahawar Mineral Industries304 M/s Laxami Mineral Industries 305 M/s Associated Grinding Mills 306 M/s Khandelwal Mineral Products307 M/s Shree Gordhan Nath Minerals 308 M/s Rama Marbles 309 M/s Shri Balaji Minerals310 M/s Ariyant Industries 311 M/s Kanchan Marble Udyog 312 M/s Rajendra Minerals313 M/s Goyal Marble Udyog 314 M/s Sanjay Minerals 315 M/s Ashoka Minerals & Grinding Mills316 M/s Deepak Plywood Industries 317 M/s hasti Agro Minchem 318 M/s Vicco Tiles & Minerals319 M/s Kaushalya Enterprises 320 M/s Punjab Bricks 321 M/s Vardhman Polymers (P) Ltd322 M/s Cambrian Minerals & Chemicals

Behror323 M/s Globus Agronics Limited 324 M/s Allied Domecq Spirits & Wine 325 M/s Mount Shivalik Industries Limited326 M/s Vidya Chemicals

Page No. –Ann(II)-14

Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of Industry Sl No. Name of IndustryR.I.A. Behror

327 M/s Dhillon Cement (P) Limited 328 M/s Bhatnagar Cement Comany (P) Ltd 329 M/s Jyoti Cement (P) Limited330 M/s Enkay Agro (P) Ltd 331 M/s Khemka Cement (P) Ltd 332 M/s Mores Cement Industries (P) Ltd333 M/s Madhu Cement (P) Limited 334 M/s Shaunak Industries (P) Ltd. 335 M/s Pan Asia Industries (P) Limited336 M/s Suddha cement (P) Limited 337 M/s Shree Modi Cement (P) Limited 338 M/s Bhagwati Cement (P) Limited339 M/s Chirag Cement (P) Limited 340 M/s Gunjan cement (P) Limited 341 M/s Saluja Cement (P) Limited342 M/s Rohit Cushion Ltd. 343 M/s Thukral Cements Works Limited 344 M/s Bhivadi Cement Udyog Pvt Limited345 M/s New Sivani Cement (P) Ltd 346 M/s Anita Cement (P) Lmited 347 M/s Gauri Cement (P) Limited348 M/s Rajdhani Associates (P) Ltd 349 M/s Tirupati Cements (P) Limited 350 M/s Prime Cements Limited351 M/s Vijeta Cements (P) Ltd 352 M/s Manoj Granite 353 M/s Aravali Granite Industries354 M/s Amit Granites 355 M/s R.R. Stone 356 M/s Gold Granite357 M/s Radha Madhav Granite (P) Ltd. 358 M/s Bajrang Granites 359 M/s Jai Shree Granites (P) Ltd360 M/s Choudhary Granites (P) Ltd 361 M/s Sangh Granites (P) Limited 362 M/s Prashant Granites363 M/s Bhavani Granites 364 M/s Shiv Granite 365 M/s Prudential Granite (P) Limited366 M/s Shakti Granite 367 M/s Mintech Granite (P) Ltd 368 M/s Brahmani Granite (P) Limited369 M/s Star Granites 370 M/s Manu Tiling Company (P) Limited 371 M/s SPM Auto (P) Limited372 M/s Sand Plast India (P) Ltd 373 M/s Unique Malt (P) Ltd 374 M/s Rajasthan Pipes (P) Limited375 M/s Apex Tubes (P) Ltd 376 M/s Greenply Industries Limited 377 M/s Jai Door Industries (P) Ltd378 M/s G.S. Pharmabutor (P) Ltd 379 M/s Continental Petroleum Ltd 380 M/s Unikeller India (P) Ltd381 M/s Amar Ganga Industries 382 M/s Chrome Star Chemical Works 383 M/s Sterling International384 M/s R.P. Casting (P) Ltd 385 M/s S.B.S. Forgings (P) Ltd 386 M/s Jai Shree Shyam (P) Limited387 M/s Shravan Cement (P) Ltd 388 M/s Jyoti Transpet Ltd. 389 M/s Shakti Tourist Complex390 M/s RTDC Motel, Midway

RIA Neemrana391 M/s Crystal Fabtex & Investments

(P) Limited392 M/s Parakaram Technofab Ltd 393 M/s Rochees Breweries Ltd

394 M/s Gyan Cotspin Ltd 395 M/s M.V. Cotspin 396 M/s Ginni International Ltd397 M/s Prema Syntex 398 M/s Haryanba Sheet Glass Limited 399 M/s Delhi Warehousing (P) Ltd

RIA, Shahjahanpur400 M/s Vanasthali Textiles Industries

Ltd401 M/s Harshita Limited 402 M/s Electrolux (Maharaja International) Limited

403 M/s Rajasthan Breweries Limited 404 M/s Regal Potteries (P) Limited 405 M/s Capricorn Shakampari Ceramics Limited406 M/s Glisten Ceramics (P) Limited 407 M/s Empire Ceramics (P) Ltd 408 M/s Ganesh Fuel (P) Ltd409 M/s Shreyans Fuel (P) Ltd 410 M/s Suank Chemicals (P) Ltd 411 M/s P.S.G. Chemicals412 M/s Superior Rubber (P) Limited 413 M/s Shree Vishnu Udyog 414 M/s Spectrum Paints (P) Ltd415 M/s Aravali Springs (P) Limited

Page No. –Ann(II)-15

Table-3: Inventory of Stone CrushersAlwar District :2000-2001

Sl No. Name of the crusher Location

1 M/s Agrawal Stone Crusher Industries Village-Jatan, Tehsil-Alwar, Dist-Alwar

2 M/s Indu Stone Crusher

3 M/s Goyal Stone Crusher

4 M/s Bharati Stone Crusher

Village-Savati, Tehsil-Alwar, Dist-Alwar

5 M/s Amit Stone Crusher

6 M/s Divya Grit Udyog

Village-Ismailpur, Tehsil-Kaithal, District-Alwar

7 M/s Agrawal Stone Crusher Kaithal, District-Alwar

8 M/s Balaji Stone Crusher Village-Hussainpur, Tehsil-Kaithal, District- Alwar

9 M/s Rathat Stone Crusher Village- Dutla, Tehsil-Kaithal, Dist-Alwar

10 M/s Subhas Grit Udyog Kaithal, District-Alwar

11 M/s Shankar Industries Behror Road, Alwar

12 M/s Bhultani Marble Cutter Rajgarh, Alwar

13 M/s sans Stone Crusher Rampur, Tehsil-Thana Ghazi, Alwar

14 M/s B.M. Enterprises Village-Nadaka, Ramgarh, Alwar

15 M/s Rajiv Enterprises Ulahadi, Alwar

16 M/s Punagari Stone Crusher Village- Amirpur, Tehsil-Bansur, Alwar

Page No. - Ann(III)-1

TABLE No. III-1

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Thana Ghazi (AA1)Season : SummerMonth : May 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 14 16 <114.5

14-22 16 19 <114.51 05/06.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

178 47

06-14 15 17 <114.5

14-22 18 20 <114.52 14/15.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

192 56

06-14 14 16 <114.5

14-22 17 19 <114.53 22/23.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

186 52

06-14 16 18 <114.5

14-22 19 21 <114.54 28/29.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

197 58

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Page No. - Ann(III)-2

TABLE No. III-2

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Ram nagar Near Bhindosi on Alwar-Tizara Road (AA2)Season :SummerMonth :May 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 13 15 <114.5

14-22 15 18 <114.51 07/08.05.2001

22-06 8 10 <114.5

137 36

06-14 15 17 <114.5

14-22 17 20 <114.52 15/16.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

146 39

06-14 16 18 <114.5

14-22 19 21 <114.53 23/24.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

152 41

06-14 15 17 <114.5

14-22 18 20 <114.54 29/30.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

144 38

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Page No. - Ann(III)-3

TABLE No. III-3

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Bahror (AA3)Season : SummerMonth : May 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 13 15 <114.5

14-22 15 17 <114.51 07/08.05.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

141 38

06-14 14 16 <114.5

14-22 17 19 <114.52 15/16.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

159 42

06-14 15 17 <114.5

14-22 18 20 <114.53 23/24.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

164 45

06-14 14 15 <114.5

14-22 18 19 <114.54 29/30.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

152 43

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Page No. - Ann(III)-4

TABLE No. III-4

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Lakshamangarh (AA4)Season : SummerMonth : May 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 10 11 <114.5

14-22 14 16 <114.51 07/08.05.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

126 31

06-14 11 13 <114.5

14-22 15 17 <114.52 15/16.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

141 37

06-14 13 15 <114.5

14-22 17 19 <114.53 23/24.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

153 41

06-14 12 17 <114.5

14-22 16 19 <114.54 29/30.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

147 38

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Page No. - Ann(III)-5

TABLE No. III-5

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Matsya Industrial Complex Near Alwar (AA5)Season : SummerMonth : May 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 16 18 <114.5

14-22 19 21 <114.51 05/06.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

146 38

06-14 14 17 <114.5

14-22 18 20 <114.52 14/15.05.2001

22-06 10 10 <114.5

128 35

06-14 15 18 <114.5

14-22 19 22 <114.53 22/23.05.2001

22-06 11 11 <114.5

136 36

06-14 17 19 <114.5

14-22 22 24 <114.54 28/29.05.2001

22-06 12 13 <114.5

159 43

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Page No. - Ann(III)-6

TABLE No. III-6

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Khushalgarh in Sariska Forest Area (AA6)Season : SummerMonth : May 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 11 13 <114.5

14-22 13 16 <114.51 05/06.05.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

126 32

06-14 12 14 <114.5

14-22 14 16 <114.52 14/15.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

139 38

06-14 13 14 <114.5

14-22 14 17 <114.53 22/23.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

143 39

06-14 13 14 <114.5

14-22 15 18 <114.54 28/29.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

132 34

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Page No. - Ann(III)-7

TABLE No. III-7

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Karoli on Alwar-Tizara Road (AA7)Season : SummerMonth : May 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 13 15 <114.5

14-22 15 17 <114.51 07/08.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

148 41

06-14 15 17 <114.5

14-22 18 21 <114.52 15/16.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

163 46

06-14 16 18 <114.5

14-22 19 22 <114.53 23/24.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

156 42

06-14 18 19 <114.5

14-22 21 23 <114.54 29/30.05.2001

22-06 10 12 <114.5

172 48

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Page No. - Ann(III)-8

TABLE No. III-8

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Ramgarh on Gurgaon-Alwar Road (AA8)Season : SummerMonth : May 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 14 15 <114.5

14-22 16 18 <114.51 05/06.05.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

154 41

06-14 15 17 <114.5

14-22 17 20 <114.52 14/15.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

163 44

06-14 16 18 <114.5

14-22 18 21 <114.53 22/23.05.2001

22-06 11 12 <114.5

184 52

06-14 15 17 <114.5

14-22 19 20 <114.54 28/29.05.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

178 49

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Page No. - Ann(III)-9

Table No. III-9Water Quality Report

Name of the District AlwarDate of Water Sampling 27 April, 2001

1. Openwell water at RamgarhName of Water Sampling Locations2. Bore-well water (Matsya Industrial Complex)

Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwiseBDL – Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:10500 standards

Sampling StationsSl No. Parameters1 2

BIS:10500 standards

Remarks

1 Colour, Hazen Unit, Max 2 2 52 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable4 Turbidity, NTU, Max 4 2 55 pH value 8.13 7.02 5.5-8.56 Total Hardness 140 250 3007 Iron BDL BDL 0.38 Chlorides 114 108 2509 Total Residual Chlorine BDL BDL 0.210 Dissolved Solids 834 560 50011 Calcium 25.6 57.6 7512 Copper BDL BDL 0.0513 Manganese BDL BDL 0.114 Sulphate 50 14 20015 Nitrate 1.44 4.84 4516 Fluoride 0.85 0.35 117 Mercury BDL BDL 0.00118 Cadmium BDL BDL 0.0119 Selenium BDL BDL 0.0120 Arsenic BDL BDL 0.0521 Lead BDL BDL 0.0522 Zinc 0.03 0.08 523 Hexavalent Chromium BDL BDL 0.0524 Boron BDL BDL 125 Phenolic compounds BDL BDL 0.00126 Mineral Oil BDL BDL 0.0127 Alkalinity 136 40628 MPN/100 ml 12 16 Nil

Page No. - Ann(III)-10

Table No. III-10Water Quality Report

Class C tolerance limit is for surface water used for drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection$ - limits not specified

Name of the District AlwarDate of Water Sampling 28 April, 2001

1. Jaisamand Pond waterName of Water Sampling Locations

Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwiseBDL – Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:2296 standards [Class-C]

Sampling StationsSl No. Parameters1

BIS:2296 standards Remarks

1 Colour, Hazen Unit, Max 26 3002 Odour Unobjectionable $3 Taste Tasteless $4 Dissolved Oxygen 4.85 45 pH value 6.88 6.5-8.56 Total Hardness 100 $7 Iron BDL $8 Chlorides 18 6009 BOD 12 310 Dissolved Solids 186 150011 Calcium 25.6 $12 Copper BDL 1.513 Manganese BDL $14 Sulphate 16 40015 Nitrate 2.64 5016 Fluoride 0.24 1.517 Mercury BDL $18 Cadmium BDL 0.0119 Selenium BDL 0.0520 Arsenic BDL 0.0221 Lead BDL 0.122 Zinc 0.2 1523 Hexavalent Chromium BDL 0.0524 Phenolic compounds BDL 0.00525 Mineral Oil BDL 0.0126 Alkalinity 120

Page No. - Ann(III)-11

TABLE No. III-11: NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Thana Ghazi (AN-1)Season : Summer Date’s of Monitoring : 07.05.2001 (1) & 28.05.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 47.1 48.3 49.7 50.9 47.8 48.9

2 10-14 49.6 50.4 53.1 53.8 50.7 51.2

3

Day

14-18 50.6 51.8 54.8 56.1 51.5 53.4

4 18-22 48.3 49.5 51.4 52.7 49.2 50.6

5 22-02 40.3 41.2 42.5 43.8 40.9 42.1

6

Night

02-06 42.6 43.3 44.8 45.6 43.4 44.2

TABLE No. III-12: NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Bahror (AN-2)Season : Summer Date’s of Monitoring : 07.05.2001 (1) & 28.05.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 46.7 47.5 49.3 50.8 47.4 48.4

2 10-14 48.3 49.8 51.7 53.3 49.1 51.2

3

Day

14-18 50.6 51.4 54.1 55.7 51.8 52.9

4 18-22 46.8 48.5 49.3 51.3 47.6 49.8

5 22-02 36.1 37.2 37.6 38.8 36.8 38.1

6

Night

02-06 39.7 41.3 41.7 42.9 40.6 42.2

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Page No. - Ann(III)-12

TABLE No. III-13 : NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Ramgarh (AN-3)Season : Summer Date’s of Monitoring : 07.05.2001 (1) & 28.05.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 48.3 49.2 51.8 52.6 49.5 50.6

2 10-14 50.6 51.4 53.9 54.8 51.7 52.5

3

Day

14-18 53.1 54.6 57.4 58.3 54.8 55.9

4 18-22 51.8 52.7 55.1 55.2 53.2 53.6

5 22-02 42.3 42.6 43.8 44.1 42.9 43.1

6

Night

02-06 44.8 45.7 46.2 48.3 45.6 46.8

TABLE No. III-14 : NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Khushalgarh (AN-4)Season : Summer Date’s of Monitoring : 07.05.2001 (1) & 28.05.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 43.1 44.8 45.8 47.5 44.3 45.7

2 10-14 45.6 47.2 48.4 50.6 46.7 48.3

3

Day

14-18 47.8 48.6 51.3 52.8 49.3 49.8

4 18-22 45.2 46.4 48.1 49.1 46.2 47.6

5 22-02 38.6 39.2 40.2 40.6 49.3 39.8

6

Night

02-06 40.3 41.6 41.5 43.2 42.1

i. e x ei. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-13

TABLE No. III-15 : NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Karoli (AN-5)Season : Summer Date’s of Monitoring : 07.05.2001 (1) & 28.05.2001 (2) Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 41.2 42.4 43.8 44.6 41.7 43.2

2 10-14 44.5 45.7 47.9 49.1 45.4 46.8

3

Day

14-18 47.3 48.2 50.6 51.8 48.2 49.1

4 18-22 43.4 44.1 45.7 46.8 44.1 44.8

5 22-02 35.2 36.3 36.8 37.2 35.8 36.7

6

Night

02-06 38.6 39.4 40.2 41.7 39.2 40.2

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Page No. - Ann(III)-14

TABLE No. III-16

NOISE LEVEL STATUS OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Season : Summer Month : May 2001 Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl. No. Location Name Time

Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean

Day 47.1 51.8 49.6 49.7 56.1 53.0 47.8 53.4 50.5

1 Thana GhaziNight 40.3 49.5 44.2 42.5 52.7 46.8 40.9 50.6 45.0

Day 46.7 51.4 49.0 49.3 55.7 52.4 47.4 52.9 50.1

2 BahrorNight 36.1 48.5 41.6 37.6 51.3 43.6 36.8 49.8 42.5

Day 48.3 54.6 59.2 51.8 58.3 54.8 49.5 55.9 52.5

3 RamgarhNight 42.3 52.7 46.6 43.8 55.2 48.7 42.9 53.6 47.5

Day 43.1 48.6 30.1 45.8 52.9 57.3 44.3 49.8 47.3

4 KhushalgarhNight 38.6 46.4 63.5 40.2 49.1 43.7 42.1 47.6 45

Day 41.2 48.2 44.8 43.8 51.8 47.9 41.7 49.1 45.7

5 KaroliNight 35.2 44.1 39.5 36.8 46.8 41.4 35.8 44.8 40.1

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Page No. - Ann(III)-15

TABLE No. III-17 : SOIL QUALITY DATA

Season : Summer Date: 28/05/2001Location : Agricultural soil near Bahror (AS-1)

Depth, cmSl. No. Parameter Unit

0 – 15 15 – 30 30 – 60

1. pH 0-14 8.83 8.74 8.65

2. Temperature C 27.2 26.9 27.4

3. Electrical Conductivity mhos/cm 112 116 120

4. Nitrogen (Available) Kg/ha 1306 1296 1320

5. Phosphorous (Av.) Kg/ha 3.90 3.60 3.54

6. Potassium (Av.) Kg/ha 41.6 42.3 43.1

7. Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) % 2.18 2.10 2.25

8. Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide)

CO2evolved/sq.m. 1.28 1.34 1.39

9. Grain size distribution

a.b.c.

SandSilt & ClayGravel

%%%

55.037.08.0

60.034.06.0

50.048.02.0

10. Textural class Sandy clay loam

11. Natural Moisture Content % 1.00 0.90 1.05

12. Field Capacity % 5.8 6.0 6.1

13. Wilting Coefficient % 0.7 0.9 1.0

14. Available water storage capacity % 5.1 5.1 5.1

15. Bulk Density gms/cc 1.05 1.10 1.12

16. Cation Exchange Capacity cm/hr 1.80 1.76 1.56

17. Infiltration Rate cm/hr - 2.8 -

PROFILE

0 – 15 cm

15 – 30 cm

Undisturbed sample -

30-60 cm Sandy clay loam

Page No. - Ann(III)-16

TABLE No. III-18 : SOIL QUALITY DATA

Season : Summer Date: 28/05/2001Location : Barren land near Ramgarh (AS-2)

Depth, cmSl. No. Parameter Unit

0 – 15 15 – 30 30 – 60

1. pH 0-14 8.35 8.37 8.35

2. Temperature C 29.8 29.6 29.6

3. Electrical Conductivity mhos/cm 103 105 110

4. Nitrogen (Available) Kg/ha 655 660 648

5. Phosphorous (Av.) Kg/ha 1.40 1.44 1.42

6. Potassium (Av.) Kg/ha 65.0 69.6 72.0

7. Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) % 2.80 2.85 2.90

8. Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide)

CO2evolved/sq.m. 1.21 1.26 1.32

9. Grain size distribution

a.b.c.

SandSilt & ClayGravel

%%%

49.047.53.5

48.550.51.0

46.053.01.0

10. Textural class Sandy clay loam

11. Natural Moisture Content % 1.30 1.32 1.35

12. Field Capacity % 4.8 4.6 4.9

13. Wilting Coefficient % 0.6 0.6 0.6

14. Available water storage capacity % 4.2 4.2 4.3

15. Bulk Density gms/cc 1.06 1.05 1.03

16. Cation Exchange Capacity cm/hr 2.0 2.0 1.95

17. Infiltration Rate cm/hr - 2.8 -

PROFILE

0 – 15 cm

15 – 30 cm

Undisturbed sample -

30-60 cm Sandy clay loam

Page No. - Ann(III)-17

TABLE No. III-19 : SOIL QUALITY DATA

Season : Summer Date: 28/05/2001Location : Sariska forest land at Tehla (AS-3)

Depth, cmSl. No. Parameter Unit

0 – 15 15 – 30 30 – 60

1. pH 0-14 8.32 8.56 8.26

2. Temperature C 30.1 29.8 29.9

3. Electrical Conductivity mhos/cm 105 95 102

4. Nitrogen (Available) Kg/ha 2448 2424 2436

5. Phosphorous (Av.) Kg/ha 1.64 1.87 1.73

6. Potassium (Av.) Kg/ha 76.5 79.2 81.1

7. Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) % 3.98 4.78 4.25

8. Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide)

CO2evolved/sq.m. 1.36 1.39 1.41

9. Grain size distribution

a.b.c.

SandSilt & ClayGravel

%%%

30.040.030.0

33.045.022.0

28.054.018.0

10. Textural class Sandy clay loam

11. Natural Moisture Content % 1.20 1.17 1.15

12. Field Capacity % 6.2 6.4 6.8

13. Wilting Coefficient % 0.9 0.8 0.9

14. Available water storage capacity % 5.3 5.6 5.9

15. Bulk Density gms/cc 1.6 1.5 1.55

16. Cation Exchange Capacity cm/hr 2.25 2.30 2.32

17. Infiltration Rate cm/hr - 3.2 -

PROFILE

0 – 15 cm

15 – 30 cm

Undisturbed sample -

30-60 cm Sandy clay loam

Page No. - Ann(III)-18

Table No. III-20: Water Quality Report

Name of the District AlwarDate of Water Sampling 09.08.2001

1. Openwell water at RamgarhName of Water Sampling Locations2. Bore-well water (Matsya Industrial Complex)

Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwiseBDL – Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:10500 standards

Sampling StationsSl No. Parameters1 2

BIS:10500 standards

Remarks

1 Colour, Hazen Unit, Max 2 2 52 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable4 Turbidity, NTU, Max 2 2 55 pH value 7.43 7.21 5.5-8.56 Total Hardness 190 276 3007 Iron BDL BDL 0.38 Chlorides 104 96 2509 Total Residual Chlorine BDL BDL 0.210 Dissolved Solids 332 536 50011 Calcium 32.4 30.8 7512 Copper BDL BDL 0.0513 Manganese BDL BDL 0.114 Sulphate 46 28 20015 Nitrate 1.46 2.34 4516 Fluoride 0.62 0.36 117 Mercury BDL BDL 0.00118 Cadmium BDL BDL 0.0119 Selenium BDL BDL 0.0120 Arsenic BDL BDL 0.0521 Lead BDL BDL 0.0522 Zinc 0.04 0.06 523 Hexavalent Chromium BDL BDL 0.0524 Boron BDL BDL 125 Phenolic compounds BDL BDL 0.00126 Mineral Oil BDL BDL 0.0127 Alkalinity 170 25628 MPN/100 ml 12 10 Nil

Page No. - Ann(III)-19

Table No. III-21: Water Quality Report

Class C tolerance limit is for surface water used for drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection$ - limits not specified

Name of the District AlwarDate of Water Sampling 09.08.2001

1. Jaisamand Pond waterName of Water Sampling Locations

Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwiseBDL – Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:2296 standards [Class-C]

Sampling StationsSl No. Parameters1

BIS:2296 standards Remarks

1 Colour, Hazen Unit, Max 14 3002 Odour Unobjectionable $3 Taste Tasteless $4 Dissolved Oxygen 4.28 45 pH value 7.23 6.5-8.56 Total Hardness 120 $7 Iron BDL $8 Chlorides 22 6009 BOD 16 310 Dissolved Solids 256 150011 Calcium 34.2 $12 Copper BDL 1.513 Manganese BDL $14 Sulphate 24 40015 Nitrate 2.32 5016 Fluoride 0.24 1.517 Mercury BDL $18 Cadmium BDL 0.0119 Selenium BDL 0.0520 Arsenic BDL 0.0221 Lead BDL 0.122 Zinc 0.4 1523 Hexavalent Chromium BDL 0.0524 Phenolic compounds BDL 0.00525 Mineral Oil BDL 0.0126 Alkalinity 110

Page No. - Ann(III)-20

TABLE No. III-22

NOISE LEVEL STATUS OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Season : Monsoon

Month : July 2001Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No. Location Name Time

Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean

Day 46.3 51.9 49.4 48.3 59.3 46.6 48.3 53.3 50.5

1 Thana GhaziNight 39.2 48.3 43.1 40.3 53.9 39.8 45.9 51.0 39.1

Day 45.3 51.3 48.6 40.3 55.2 51.2 46.3 53.2 49.6

2 BahrorNight 38.1 49.3 42.2 38.3 51.3 43.8 37.0 50.1 42.3

Day 44.3 52.9 49.0 52.3 57.3 55.0 48.3 54.3 51.8

3 RamgarhNight 41.3 51.9 45.6 45.2 56.3 49.4 41.0 51.0 45.2

Day 40.9 47.2 44.4 44.9 51.3 48.2 43.3 50.1 46.5

4 KhushalgarhNight 37.3 45.9 40.9 39.2 48.2 42.8 38.3 48.3 43.4

Day 40.3 46.3 43.6 42.1 50.3 46.6 40.3 48.1 44.5

5 KaroliNight 34.3 43.2 38.5 35.1 45.2 39.8 34.3 43.1 38.9

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-21

TABLE No. III-23

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Thana Ghazi (AN-1)

Season : Monsoon

Date’s of Monitoring : 26.07.2001 (1) & 30.07.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 46.3 48.3 48.3 52.1 50.1 49.3

2 10-14 48.3 51.9 52.1 59.3 53.3 52.0

3

Day

14-18 50.3 51.2 53.2 57.3 48.3 50.3

4 18-22 46.3 48.3 46.3 53.9 48.3 51.0

5 22-02 39.2 42.3 40.3 45.9 42.3 43.2

6

Night

02-06 39.3 43.4 43.1 45.9 44.3 45.3

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-22

TABLE No. III-24

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Bahror (AN-2)Season : Monsoon Date’s of Monitoring : 26.07.2001 (1) & 30.07.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 45.3 48.3 48.3 50.8 46.3 47.3

2 10-14 47.3 50.1 50.3 50.3 50.1 49.3

3

Day

14-18 49.3 51.3 55.2 52.1 51.3 53.2

4 18-22 45.3 49.3 51.2 51.3 47.2 50.1

5 22-02 38.1 38.3 38.3 40.3 37.0 39.1

6

Night

02-06 40.1 42.3 40.3 41.3 39.2 41.3

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-23

TABLE No. III-25

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Ramgarh (AN-3)Season : Monsoon Date’s of Monitoring : 26.07.2001 (1) & 30.07.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 46.3 48.3 52.3 53.9 48.3 52.2

2 10-14 44.3 50.2 54.2 56.2 50.3 51.9

3

Day

14-18 52.1 52.9 56.3 57.3 53.8 54.3

4 18-22 50.8 51.9 54.3 56.3 50.0 51.0

5 22-02 41.3 41.9 45.2 46.3 41.3 41.0

6

Night

02-06 43.2 44.9 45.3 48.9 44.0 43.9

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-24

TABLE No. III-26

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Khushalgarh (AN-4)Season : Monsoon Date’s of Monitoring : 26.07.2001 (1) & 30.07.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 42.0 43.8 45.6 46.3 45.2 44.9

2 10-14 40.9 46.3 44.9 51.0 43.3 47.2

3

Day

14-18 46.3 47.2 50.3 51.3 50.1 48.3

4 18-22 44.3 45.9 47.2 48.2 45.3 47.0

5 22-02 37.3 38.3 39.2 39.7 48.3 38.3

6

Night

02-06 39.3 40.3 40.3 42.1 41.3 40.0

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Page No. - Ann(III)-25

TABLE No. III-27

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Karoli (AN-5)Season : MonsoonDate’s of Monitoring : 26.07.2001 (1) & 30.07.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 40.3 41.3 42.1 43.1 40.3 42.3

2 10-14 43.1 44.3 46.3 48.3 44.1 45.2

3

Day

14-18 46.3 46.3 49.3 50.3 47.3 48.1

4 18-22 42.2 43.2 45.1 45.2 43.1 43.1

5 22-02 34.3 35.8 35.1 33.9 34.3 35.3

6

Night

02-06 37.2 38.3 39.0 40.3 38.3 39.0

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Page No. - Ann(III)-26

TABLE No. III-28

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Thana Ghazi (AA1)Season : Post MonsoonMonth : Sept-Oct, 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 15 17 <114.5

14-22 17 18 <114.51 20/21.09.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

146 43

06-14 13 15 <114.5

14-22 15 17 <114.52 26/27.09.2001

22-06 09 10 <114.5

158 46

06-14 12 13 <114.5

14-22 14 16 <114.53 02/03.10.2001

22-06 08 09 <114.5

136 41

06-14 11 12 <114.5

14-22 13 14 <114.54 08/09.10.2001

22-06 08 09 <114.5

121 38

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Page No. - Ann(III)-27

TABLE No. III-29

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Ram nagar Near Bhindosi on Alwar-Tizara Road (AA2)Season :Post MonsoonMonth :Sept-Oct, 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 14 16 <114.5

14-22 16 19 <114.51 21/22.09.2001

22-06 9 11 <114.5

127 33

06-14 12 14 <114.5

14-22 13 17 <114.52 27/28.09.2001

22-06 8 10 <114.5

116 31

06-14 11 12 <114.5

14-22 12 15 <114.53 03/04.10.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

103 29

06-14 10 11 <114.5

14-22 12 14 <114.54 09/10.10.2001

22-06 7 8 <114.5

96 27

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Page No. - Ann(III)-28

TABLE No. III-30

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Bahror (AA3)Season : Post MonsoonMonth : Sept-Oct,2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 11 13 <114.5

14-22 13 16 <114.51 21/22.09.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

136 35

06-14 12 14 <114.5

14-22 14 17 <114.52 27/28.09.2001

22-06 8 10 <114.5

145 37

06-14 10 12 <114.5

14-22 12 14 <114.53 03/04.10.2001

22-06 7 9 <114.5

128 33

06-14 10 11 <114.5

14-22 13 13 <114.54 09/10.10.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

116 31

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Page No. - Ann(III)-29

TABLE No. III-31

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Lakshamangarh (AA4)Season : Post MonsoonMonth : Sept-Oct, 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 11 13 <114.5

14-22 13 17 <114.51 21/22.09.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

118 30

06-14 12 14 <114.5

14-22 14 18 <114.52 27/28.09.2001

22-06 10 9 <114.5

124 32

06-14 10 12 <114.5

14-22 12 16 <114.53 03/04.10.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

106 27

06-14 10 12 <114.5

14-22 11 14 <114.54 09/10.10.2001

22-06 7 8 <114.5

113 29

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Page No. - Ann(III)-30

TABLE No. III-32

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Matsya Industrial Complex Near Alwar (AA5)Season : Post MonsoonMonth : Sept-Oct,2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 15 17 <114.5

14-22 18 19 <114.51 20/21.09.2001

22-06 11 12 <114.5

136 37

06-14 16 19 <114.5

14-22 19 21 <114.52 26/27.09.2001

22-06 10 13 <114.5

142 39

06-14 14 16 <114.5

14-22 17 18 <114.53 02/03.10.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

123 35

06-14 13 14 <114.5

14-22 16 17 <114.54 08/09.10.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

116 33

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Page No. - Ann(III)-31

TABLE No. III-33

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Khushalgarh in Sariska Forest Area (AA6)Season : Post MonsoonMonth : Sept-Oct, 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 10 12 <114.5

14-22 11 14 <114.51 20/21.09.2001

22-06 8 10 <114.5

118 31

06-14 9 10 <114.5

14-22 10 13 <114.52 26/27.09.2001

22-06 7 9 <114.5

106 29

06-14 10 11 <114.5

14-22 12 13 <114.53 02/03.10.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

101 28

06-14 8 10 <114.5

14-22 10 12 <114.54 08/09.10.2001

22-06 7 8 <114.5

96 27

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Page No. - Ann(III)-32

TABLE No. III-34

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Karoli on Alwar-Tizara Road (AA7)Season : Post MonsoonMonth : Sept-Oct, 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 12 13 <114.5

14-22 13 15 <114.51 21/22.09.2001

22-06 10 11 <114.5

134 38

06-14 11 14 <114.5

14-22 14 16 <114.52 27/28.09.2001

22-06 9 10 <114.5

126 34

06-14 10 12 <114.5

14-22 13 15 <114.53 03/04.10.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

113 31

06-14 9 10 <114.5

14-22 12 13 <114.54 09/10.10.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

104 29

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Page No. - Ann(III)-33

TABLE No. III-35

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Ramgarh on Gurgaon-Alwar Road (AA8)Season : Post MonsoonMonth : Sept-Oct, 2001 Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling DateSampling

Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 13 16 <114.5

14-22 15 19 <114.51 20/21.09.2001

22-06 10 12 <114.5

126 35

06-14 12 14 <114.5

14-22 13 17 <114.52 26/27.09.2001

22-06 9 11 <114.5

138 39

06-14 11 12 <114.5

14-22 12 15 <114.53 02/03.10.2001

22-06 8 10 <114.5

116 32

06-14 9 11 <114.5

14-22 11 14 <114.54 08/09.10.2001

22-06 8 9 <114.5

107 30

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Page No. - Ann(III)-34

Table No. III-36: Water Quality Report

Name of the District AlwarDate of Water Sampling 10.10.2001

1. Openwell water at RamgarhName of Water Sampling Locations2. Bore-well water (Matsya Industrial Complex)

Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwiseBDL – Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:10500 standards

Sampling StationsSl No. Parameters1 2

BIS:10500 standards

Remarks

1 Colour, Hazen Unit, Max 2 2 52 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable4 Turbidity, NTU, Max 2 2 55 pH value 7.61 7.53 5.5-8.56 Total Hardness 132 224 3007 Iron BDL BDL 0.38 Chlorides 92 84 2509 Total Residual Chlorine BDL BDL 0.210 Dissolved Solids 228 432 50011 Calcium 32.6 30.2 7512 Copper BDL BDL 0.0513 Manganese BDL BDL 0.114 Sulphate 36 30 20015 Nitrate 2.36 2.02 4516 Fluoride 0.32 0.20 117 Mercury BDL BDL 0.00118 Cadmium BDL BDL 0.0119 Selenium BDL BDL 0.0120 Arsenic BDL BDL 0.0521 Lead BDL BDL 0.0522 Zinc 0.04 0.04 523 Hexavalent Chromium BDL BDL 0.0524 Boron BDL BDL 125 Phenolic compounds BDL BDL 0.00126 Mineral Oil BDL BDL 0.0127 Alkalinity 62 24828 MPN/100 ml 8 6 Nil

Page No. - Ann(III)-35

Table No. III-37: Water Quality Report

Class C tolerance limit is for surface water used for drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection$ - limits not specified

Name of the District AlwarDate of Water Sampling 10.10.2001

1. Jaisamand Pond waterName of Water Sampling Locations

Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwiseBDL – Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:2296 standards [Class-C]

Sampling StationsSl No. Parameters1

BIS:2296 standards Remarks

1 Colour, Hazen Unit, Max 8 3002 Odour Unobjectionable $3 Taste Tasteless $4 Dissolved Oxygen 4.2 45 pH value 7.10 6.5-8.56 Total Hardness 112 $7 Iron BDL $8 Chlorides 38 6009 BOD 12 310 Dissolved Solids 310 150011 Calcium 36.0 $12 Copper BDL 1.513 Manganese BDL $14 Sulphate 28 40015 Nitrate 6.80 5016 Fluoride 0.18 1.517 Mercury BDL $18 Cadmium BDL 0.0119 Selenium BDL 0.0520 Arsenic BDL 0.0221 Lead BDL 0.122 Zinc 0.2 1523 Hexavalent Chromium BDL 0.0524 Phenolic compounds BDL 0.00525 Mineral Oil BDL 0.0126 Alkalinity 92

Page No. - Ann(III)-36

TABLE No. III-38

NOISE LEVEL STATUS OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Season : Post Monsoon Month : July 2001

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No. Location Name Time

Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean

Day 46.8 52.3 49.0 48.7 55.4 52.7 47.5 53.5 50.8

1 Thana GhaziNight 39.6 45.0 42.1 40.3 46.8 43.5 39.8 45.9 42.9

Day 45.8 50.6 48.0 48.6 54.6 51.3 47.1 52.6 50.0

2 BahrorNight 39.1 46.2 42.1 40.8 48.6 43.9 39.5 47.5 42.8

Day 46.5 50.8 49.0 50.8 54.5 52.9 48.3 52.7 50.6

3 RamgarhNight 40.8 50.1 45.0 43.2 53.2 57.2 41.7 51.8 45.9

Day 42.5 47.1 44.4 46.2 51.3 47.7 43.1 48.6 45.7

4 KhushalgarhNight 38.2 45.0 41.5 40.1 47.8 43.4 38.7 46.3 42.1

Day 42.3 45.8 44.4 46.1 48.7 47.6 43.8 46.9 45.7

5 KaroliNight 34.8 43.1 39.1 36.1 44.8 40.5 35.7 43.6 39.7

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Page No. - Ann(III)-37

TABLE No. III-39

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Thana Ghazi (AN-1)Season : Post Monsoon Date’s of Monitoring : 26/27.09.2001 (1) & 08/09.10.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 47.2 46.8 49.3 48.7 48.1 47.5

2 10-14 48.9 49.6 53.4 54.3 51.2 52.6

3

Day

14-18 49.2 52.3 54.6 55.4 52.2 53.5

4 18-22 45.0 44.6 46.8 45.6 45.9 45.2

5 22-02 40.2 39.6 41.1 40.3 40.7 39.8

6

Night

02-06 41.1 42.3 42.9 44.1 42.1 43.6

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Page No. - Ann(III)-38

TABLE No. III-40

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Bahror (AN-2)Season : Post Monsoon Date’s of Monitoring : 27/28.09.2001 (1) & 09/10.10.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 46.3 45.8 49.2 48.6 47.9 47.1

2 10-14 48.1 47.6 51.2 50.6 50.9 49.6

3

Day

14-18 50.6 49.8 54.6 53.5 52.6 51.8

4 18-22 46.2 45.8 48.6 47.4 47.5 46.4

5 22-02 39.6 39.1 41.2 40.8 40.1 39.5

6

Night

02-06 41.1 40.8 43.1 42.3 41.9 41.2

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Page No. - Ann(III)-39

TABLE No. III-41

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Ramgarh (AN-3)Season : Post Monsoon Date’s of Monitoring : 26/27.09.2001 (1) & 08/09.10.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 47.8 46.5 51.6 50.8 48.7 48.3

2 10-14 48.4 49.3 53.2 54.5 49.6 52.1

3

Day

14-18 51.3 50.8 54.2 53.1 52.7 52.4

4 18-22 50.1 49.3 53.2 50.4 51.8 49.7

5 22-02 42.3 40.8 44.3 43.2 42.9 41.7

6

Night

02-06 44.3 43.1 46.7 45.2 45.1 44.2

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Page No. - Ann(III)-40

TABLE No. III-42

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Khushalgarh (AN-4)Season : Post Monsoon Date’s of Monitoring : 26/27.09.2001 (1) & 08/09.10.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 43.1 42.5 46.8 43.9 44.7 43.1

2 10-14 44.5 43.1 47.3 46.2 45.8 44.3

3

Day

14-18 47.1 46.3 51.3 50.6 48.6 47.9

4 18-22 45.0 44.7 47.8 46.9 46.3 45.4

5 22-02 38.2 39.6 40.1 41.2 38.7 40.2

6

Night

02-06 40.1 40.8 41.9 42.7 40.6 41.3

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Page No. - Ann(III)-41

TABLE No. III-43

NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Karoli (AN-5)Season : Post MonsoonDate’s of Monitoring : 27/28.09.2001 (1) & 09/10.10.2001 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 42.3 43.4 46.1 47.3 43.8 45.1

2 10-14 44.6 54.2 48.3 48.7 46.1 46.4

3

Day

14-18 45.8 44.9 48.3 47.2 46.9 46.2

4 18-22 43.1 42.6 44.8 43.9 43.6 43.1

5 22-02 36.2 34.8 37.5 36.1 36.6 35.7

6

Night

02-06 38.1 39.6 39.8 41.2 38.7 40.3

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Page No. - Ann(III)-42

TABLE No. III-44

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Thana Ghazi (AA1)Season : WinterMonth : Dec.2001-Jan.2002

Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 13 17 <114.5

14-22 14 18 <114.51 23/24.12.2001

22-06 12 11 <114.5

132 43

06-14 10 15 <114.5

14-22 15 17 <114.52 262712.2001

22-06 10 10 <114.5

145 36

06-14 11 13 <114.5

14-22 13 16 <114.53 06/07.01.2002

22-06 14 9 <114.5

160 42

06-14 15 12 <114.5

14-22 16 14 <114.54 09/10.01.2002

22-06 13 9 <114.5

142 43

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Page No. - Ann(III)-43

TABLE No. III-45

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Ram nagar Near Bhindosi on Alwar-Tizara Road (AA2)Season : WinterMonth : Dec.2001-Jan.2002

Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 13 12 <114.5

14-22 15 13 <114.51 23/24.12.2001

22-06 10 9 <114.5

120 29

06-14 9 13 <114.5

14-22 9 15 <114.52 262712.2001

22-06 7 13 <114.5

135 30

06-14 10 12 <114.5

14-22 9 13 <114.53 06/07.01.2002

22-06 11 13 <114.5

140 28

06-14 12 13 <114.5

14-22 8 10 <114.54 09/10.01.2002

22-06 7 10 <114.5

156 39

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Page No. - Ann(III)-44

TABLE No. III-46

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Bahror (AA3)Season : WinterMonth : Dec.2001-Jan.2002

Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 10 14 <114.5

14-22 9 13 <114.51 23/24.12.2001

22-06 8 11 <114.5

150 36

06-14 9 15 <114.5

14-22 8 14 <114.52 262712.2001

22-06 9 13 <114.5

145 33

06-14 10 15 <114.5

14-22 9 16 <114.53 06/07.01.2002

22-06 11 14 <114.5

150 46

06-14 9 13 <114.5

14-22 8 11 <114.54 09/10.01.2002

22-06 7 11 <114.5

170 51

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-45

TABLE No. III-47

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Lakshamangarh (AA4)Season : WinterMonth : Dec.2001-Jan.2002

Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 11 18 <114.5

14-22 12 16 <114.51 23/24.12.2001

22-06 10 16 <114.5

105 29

06-14 9 16 <114.5

14-22 8 12 <114.52 262712.2001

22-06 9 13 <114.5

110 30

06-14 13 13 <114.5

14-22 12 16 <114.53 06/07.01.2002

22-06 9 13 <114.5

115 32

06-14 11 14 <114.5

14-22 13 15 <114.54 09/10.01.2002

22-06 8 13 <114.5

125 33

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-46

TABLE No. III-48

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Matsya Industrial Complex Near Alwar (AA5)Season : WinterMonth : Dec.2001-Jan.2002

Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 12 21 <114.5

14-22 14 20 <114.51 25/26.12.2001

22-06 16 19 <114.5

145 36

06-14 18 18 <114.5

14-22 20 16 <114.52 27/28.12.2001

22-06 12 14 <114.5

135 30

06-14 14 15 <114.5

14-22 15 16 <114.53 07/08.01.2002

22-06 16 16 <114.5

145 35

06-14 13 15 <114.5

14-22 12 13 <114.54 10/11.01.2002

22-06 8 13 <114.5

150 39

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-47

TABLE No. III-49

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Khushalgarh in Sariska Forest Area (AA6) Season : WinterMonth : Dec.2001-Jan.2002

Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 8 8 <114.5

14-22 8 8 <114.51 25/26.12.2001

22-06 9 8 <114.5

95 23

06-14 8 9 <114.5

14-22 7 8 <114.52 27/28.12.2001

22-06 7 6 <114.5

110 21

06-14 8 8 <114.5

14-22 7 7 <114.53 07/08.01.2002

22-06 8 8 <114.5

130 26

06-14 7 6 <114.5

14-22 8 6 <114.54 10/11.01.2002

22-06 7 6 <114.5

115 23

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-48

TABLE No. III-50

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Karoli on Alwar-Tizara Road (AA7)Season : WinterMonth : Dec.2001-Jan.2002

Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 11 15 <114.5

14-22 10 14 <114.51 25/26.12.2001

22-06 9 13 <114.5

120 30

06-14 10 13 <114.5

14-22 11 15 <114.52 27/28.12.2001

22-06 10 12 <114.5

110 29

06-14 9 13 <114.5

14-22 10 13 <114.53 07/08.01.2002

22-06 9 12 <114.5

105 26

06-14 8 12 <114.5

14-22 9 13 <114.54 10/11.01.2002

22-06 10 11 <114.5

95 23

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-49

TABLE No. III-51

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Location : Ramgarh on Gurgaon-Alwar Road (AA8)Season : WinterMonth : Dec.2001-Jan.2002

Unit: g/m3

ParametersSl. No.

Sampling Date

Sampling Time (Hrs.) SO2 NOx CO SPM RPM

06-14 8 7 <114.5

14-22 8 9 <114.51 25/26.12.2001

22-06 7 9 <114.5

120 25

06-14 6 7 <114.5

14-22 6 8 <114.52 27/28.12.2001

22-06 8 6 <114.5

118 26

06-14 7 7 <114.5

14-22 8 8 <114.53 07/08.01.2002

22-06 7 7 <114.5

125 25

06-14 6 6 <114.5

14-22 8 7 <114.54 10/11.01.2002

22-06 7 6 <114.5

130 29

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Page No. - Ann(III)-50

Table No. III-52: Water Quality Report

Name of the District AlwarDate of Water Sampling 27.12.2001

1. Openwell water at RamgarhName of Water Sampling Locations2. Bore-well water (Matsya Industrial Complex)

Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwiseBDL – Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:10500 standards

Sampling StationsSl No. Parameters1 2

BIS:10500 standards

Remarks

1 Colour, Hazen Unit, Max 2 2 52 Odour Unobjectionable Unobjectionable3 Taste Agreeable Agreeable4 Turbidity, NTU, Max 2 2 55 pH value 7.28 7.12 5.5-8.56 Total Hardness 134 236 3007 Iron BDL BDL 0.38 Chlorides 58 80 2509 Total Residual Chlorine BDL BDL 0.210 Dissolved Solids 278 326 50011 Calcium 32.8 22.8 7512 Copper BDL BDL 0.0513 Manganese BDL BDL 0.114 Sulphate 22.8 30 20015 Nitrate 1.36 3.02 4516 Fluoride 0.20 0.12 117 Mercury BDL BDL 0.00118 Cadmium BDL BDL 0.0119 Selenium BDL BDL 0.0120 Arsenic BDL BDL 0.0521 Lead BDL BDL 0.0522 Zinc 0.04 0.04 523 Hexavalent Chromium BDL BDL 0.0524 Boron BDL BDL 125 Phenolic compounds BDL BDL 0.00126 Mineral Oil BDL BDL 0.0127 Alkalinity 58 34828 MPN/100 ml 6 16 Nil

Page No. - Ann(III)-51

Table No. III-53 :Water Quality Report

Class C tolerance limit is for surface water used for drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection$ - limits not specified

Name of the District AlwarDate of Water Sampling 27.12.2001

1. Jaisamand Pond waterName of Water Sampling Locations

Parameters expressed in mg/litre unless specified otherwiseBDL – Below detection Limit Parameters analysed as per IS:2296 standards [Class-C]

Sampling StationsSl No. Parameters1

BIS:2296 standards Remarks

1 Colour, Hazen Unit, Max 6 3002 Odour Unobjectionable $3 Taste Tasteless $4 Dissolved Oxygen 4.6 45 pH value 7.10 6.5-8.56 Total Hardness 128 $7 Iron BDL $8 Chlorides 24 6009 BOD 16 310 Dissolved Solids 468 150011 Calcium 28 $12 Copper BDL 1.513 Manganese BDL $14 Sulphate 26 40015 Nitrate 8.80 5016 Fluoride 0.18 1.517 Mercury BDL $18 Cadmium BDL 0.0119 Selenium BDL 0.0520 Arsenic BDL 0.0221 Lead BDL 0.122 Zinc 0.2 1523 Hexavalent Chromium BDL 0.0524 Phenolic compounds BDL 0.00525 Mineral Oil BDL 0.0126 Alkalinity 68

Page No. - Ann(III)-52

TABLE No. III-54

NOISE LEVEL STATUS OF ALWAR DISTRICT (RAJASTHAN)

Season : Winter Month : Dec.2001 - Jan. 2002

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No. Location Name Time

Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean

Day 46.3 52.3 49.1 50.1 56.3 54.0 47.3 54.3 51.1

1 Thana GhaziNight 38.3 46.1 41.7 41.3 49.3 44.9 40.1 48.3 43.1

Day 45.3 48.3 46.8 46.3 51.3 49.0 45.9 49.3 47.8

2 BahrorNight 40.1 46.3 42.6 40.8 49.3 44.3 40.8 47.3 43.3

Day 46.3 51.3 48.8 49.3 54.3 52.0 48.7 52.3 50.3

3 RamgarhNight 41.3 48.3 45.0 45.3 51.3 48.1 43.1 49.3 46.5

Day 41.3 48.3 44.6 45.3 51.3 47.8 42.3 50.1 46.3

4 KhushalgarhNight 39.3 46.3 42.3 42.3 50.1 45.4 40.9 48.3 43.7

Day 41.3 45.3 43.6 45.3 48.3 46.6 43.1 46.1 44.7

5 KaroliNight 33.1 46.3 39.0 36.3 49.3 42.0 35.1 47.3 40.6

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-53

TABLE No. III-55 : NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Thana Ghazi (AN-1)Season : Winter Date’s of Monitoring : 26/27.12.2001 (1) & 08/09.01.2002 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 46.3 52.3 50.1 56.3 48.1 54.3

2 10-14 46.3 51.3 51.2 54.9 47.3 52.3

3

Day

14-18 48.3 50.1 55.1 56.3 51.3 53.5

4 18-22 46.1 45.3 50.1 49.3 48.3 47.3

5 22-02 39.3 38.3 42.3 41.3 40.1 39.3

6

Night

02-06 40.1 41.3 43.1 43.2 41.3 42.3

TABLE No. III-56: NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Bahror (AN-2)Season : Winter Date’s of Monitoring : 27/28.12.2001 (1) & 08/09.01.2002 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 45.3 45.2 46.3 50.1 45.9 47.3

2 10-14 47.1 46.3 48.3 49.3 47.9 47.8

3

Day

14-18 48.3 48.2 49.1 51.3 48.9 49.3

4 18-22 45.3 46.3 46.1 49.3 45.9 47.3

5 22-02 40.1 41.2 41.3 43.3 40.8 42.3

6

Night

02-06 41.3 41.3 32.3 43.4 41.7 42.1

i. e x ei. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-54

TABLE No. III-57 : NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT Location : Ramgarh (AN-3)Season : Winter Date’s of Monitoring : 26/27.12.2001 (1) & 09/10.01.2002 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise Level

Sl. No. Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 46.3 47.1 50.3 51.3 48.7 50.1

2 10-14 47.3 50.1 49.3 53.5 48.3 51.3

3

Day

14-18 50.9 51.3 53.2 54.3 51.3 52.3

4 18-22 46.3 48.3 49.2 51.6 48.6 49.6

5 22-02 43.2 41.6 46.3 45.3 45.1 43.1

6

Night

02-06 45.1 45.2 48.3 48.3 46.9 46.0

TABLE No. III-58 : NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Khushalgarh (AN-4)Season : Winter Date’s of Monitoring : 26/27.12.2001 (1) & 09/10.01.2002 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise Level

Sl. No. Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 41.3 43.3 45.3 46.3 42.3 45.3

2 10-14 43.2 45.4 45.1 49.2 44.3 47.3

3

Day

14-18 46.6 48.1 50.2 51.3 48.2 50.2

4 18-22 45.3 46.3 49.3 50.1 47.1 48.3

5 22-02 39.3 40.1 42.3 43.3 40.9 41.3

6

Night

02-06 41.3 41.3 43.5 44.3 42.3 42.3

i. e x ei. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-55

TABLE No. III-59 : NOISE LEVEL DATA OF ALWAR DISTRICT

Location : Karoli (AN-5)Season : Winter Date’s of Monitoring : 27/28.12.2001 (1) & 08/09.01.2002 (2)

Unit: dB(A)

Leq Noise Level

Peak Noise Level

Mean Noise LevelSl.

No.Time (Hrs.)

(1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2)

1 06-10 41.3 41.9 45.3 46.3 43.1 43.3

2 10-14 43.8 44.5 46.3 46.3 45.1 45.1

3

Day

14-18 44.8 45.3 48.3 47.3 45.3 46.1

4 18-22 45.1 46.3 48.3 49.3 47.3 47.0

5 22-02 33.1 35.3 36.3 38.1 35.1 36.3

6

Night

02-06 36.1 38.1 40.2 40.3 38.1 39.3

i. e x e

Page No. - Ann(III)-56

TABLE No. III-60 : SOIL QUALITY DATA

Season : Winter Date: 10.01.2002Location : Agricultural soil near Bahror (AS-1)

Depth, cmSl.No. Parameter Unit

0 – 15 15 – 30 30 – 60

1. PH 0-14 7.95 7.85 7.65

2. Temperature C 25 25.2 25.3

3. Electrical Conductivity mhos/cm 108 112 110

4. Nitrogen (Available) Kg/ha 1215 1250 1205

5. Phosphorous (Av.) Kg/ha 4.10 4.13 4.15

6. Potassium (Av.) Kg/ha 41 42 43

7. Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) % 1.95 2.0 2.25

8. Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide)

CO2evolved/sq.m. 1.30 1.32 1.40

9. Grain size distribution

a.b.c.

SandSilt & ClayGravel

%%%

603010

55405

50482

10. Textural class Sandy clay loam

11. Natural Moisture Content % 1.10 1.00 1.10

12. Field Capacity % 6.0 6.2 6.1

13. Wilting Coefficient % 0.7 0.9 1.0

14. Available water storage capacity % 5.3 5.3 5.1

15. Bulk Density gms/cc 1.15 1.10 1.12

16. Cation Exchange Capacity cm/hr 1.80 1.70 1.50

17. Infiltration Rate cm/hr - 2.3 -

PROFILE

0 – 15 cm

15 – 30 cm

Undisturbed sample -

30-60 cm Sandy clay loam

Page No. - Ann(III)-57

TABLE No. III-61 : SOIL QUALITY DATA

Season : Winter Date: 10.01.2002Location : Barren land near Ramgarh (AS-2)

Depth, cmSl.No. Parameter Unit

0 – 15 15 – 30 30 – 60

1. PH 0-14 8.15 8.20 8.35

2. Temperature C 25 25.3 25.3

3. Electrical Conductivity mhos/cm 103 103 110

4. Nitrogen (Available) Kg/ha 700 710 715

5. Phosphorous (Av.) Kg/ha 130 1.33 1.35

6. Potassium (Av.) Kg/ha 65 68 70

7. Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) % 2.18 2.20 2.13

8. Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide)

CO2evolved/sq.m. 1.20 1.25 1.30

9. Grain size distribution

a.b.c.

SandSilt & ClayGravel

%%%

50482

49501

48511

10. Textural class Sandy clay loam

11. Natural Moisture Content % 1.25 1.28 1.30

12. Field Capacity % 5.0 5.1 5.2

13. Wilting Coefficient % 0.8 0.9 0.9

14. Available water storage capacity % 4.2 4.2 4.3

15. Bulk Density gms/cc 1.16 1.12 1.13

16. Cation Exchange Capacity cm/hr 1.9 1.8 1.9

17. Infiltration Rate cm/hr - 2.7 -

PROFILE

0 – 15 cm

15 – 30 cm

Undisturbed sample -

30-60 cm Sandy clay loam

Page No. - Ann(III)-58

TABLE No. III-62 : SOIL QUALITY DATA

Season : Winter Date: 10.01.2002Location : Sariska forest land at Tehla (AS-3)

Depth, cmSl.No. Parameter Unit

0 – 15 15 – 30 30 – 60

1. PH 0-14 8.10 8.13 8.20

2. Temperature C 26.3 26.5 26.6

3. Electrical Conductivity mhos/cm 102 100 98

4. Nitrogen (Available) Kg/ha 2400 2420 2410

5. Phosphorous (Av.) Kg/ha 1.6 1.8 1.7

6. Potassium (Av.) Kg/ha 78 79 81

7. Organic matter (Walkey & Black method) % 4.10 4.20 4.30

8. Microbial Activity (Evolution of Carbon dioxide)

CO2evolved/sq.m. 1.50 1.50 1.40

9. Grain size distribution

a.b.c.

SandSilt & ClayGravel

%%%

355015

355213

305911

10. Textural class Sandy clay loam

11. Natural Moisture Content % 1.10 1.13 1.10

12. Field Capacity % 6.3 6.5 6.7

13. Wilting Coefficient % 1.0 1.1 0.9

14. Available water storage capacity % 5.5 5.6 5.8

15. Bulk Density gms/cc 1.5 1.6 1.6

16. Cation Exchange Capacity cm/hr 2.3 2.25 2.3

17. Infiltration Rate cm/hr - 3.1 -

PROFILE

0 – 15 cm

15 – 30 cm

Undisturbed sample -

30-60 cm Sandy clay loam

Page No. - Ann(IV)-1

Table-1: Census-2001 Figures for Alwar District

Population Child population in the age-group 0-6

LiteratesState/District/ Tehsil Total/ Rural/ Urban

Person Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Distt.Alwar T 2990862 1585046 1405816 568848 301219 267629 1513203 1013010 500193

R 2556369 1348601 1207768 506898 267510 239388 1206723 827500 379223

U 434493 236445 198048 61950 33709 28241 306480 185510 120970

Behror T 305852 159531 146321 50105 27135 22970 191002 118189 72813

R 283023 147266 135757 46495 25184 21311 175042 108607 66435

U 22829 12265 10564 3610 1951 1659 15960 9582 6378

Mandawar T 197473 102917 94556 35228 18979 16249 112416 71407 41009

R 197473 102917 94556 35228 18979 16249 112416 71407 41009

U - - - - - - - - -

Kotkasim T 117629 61642 55987 21144 11362 9782 67237 42871 24366

R 117629 61642 55987 21144 11362 9782 67237 42871 24366

U - - - - - - - - -

Tijara T 280674 153847 126827 61456 32367 29089 128099 90467 37632

R 226926 121900 105026 52131 27274 24857 92889 66587 26302

U 53748 31947 21801 9325 5093 4232 35210 23880 11330

Kishangarh Bas T 161606 84901 76705 32304 16956 15348 80111 52674 27437

R 120126 62879 57247 25602 13366 12236 52754 36427 16327

U 41480 22022 19458 6702 3590 3112 27357 16247 11110

Page No. - Ann(IV)-2

Table-2: Population, Child population in the age-group 0-6 and literates by residence and sex State, District, Tehsil 2001

Population Child population in the age-

group 0-6

LiteratesState/District/ Tehsil Total/ Rural/ Urban

Person Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Ramgarh T 201600 105882 95718 43660 22979 20681 83182 59202 23980

R 201600 105882 95718 43660 22979 20681 83182 59202 23980

U - - - - - - - - -

Alwar T 568089 303513 264576 95553 50745 44808 325929 209144 116785

R 302239 160275 141964 61189 31972 29217 131947 94211 37736

U 265850 143238 122612 34364 18773 15591 193982 114933 79049

Bansur T 214268 112468 101800 42209 22212 19997 100052 67729 32323

R 214268 112468 101800 42209 22212 19997 100052 67729 32323

U - - - - - - - - -

Thanagazi T 189800 99703 90097 39749 20806 18943 72132 53493 18639

R 189800 99703 90097 39749 20806 18943 72132 53493 18639

U - - - - - - - - -

Rajgarh T 306117 162358 143759 58431 30733 27698 143234 101284 41950

R 281111 148980 132131 54464 28579 25885 127040 91018 36022

U 25006 13378 11628 3967 2154 1813 16194 10266 5928

Lachhmangarh T 241610 127942 113668 49401 25966 23435 107476 75947 31529

R 231524 122648 108876 47609 25018 22591 101065 72044 29021

Page No. - Ann(IV)-3

U 10086 5294 4792 1792 948 844 6411 3903 2508

Kathumar T 206144 110342 95802 39608 20979 18629 102333 70603 31730

R 190650 102041 88609 37418 19779 17639 90967 63904 27063

U 15494 8301 7193 2190 1200 990 11366 6699 4667

Table-3

Percentage decadal growth, Percentage of Child population in the age-group 0-6 by residence and percentage of urban population to total population- State and District 2001

Population Percentage of child population in the age-group 0-6

State/District Total/ Rural/ Urban

Person Male Female

Percentage decadal growth

1991-2001Person Male Female

Percen-tage of urban populat-ion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rajasthan T 56473122 29381657 27091465 28.33 18.51 18.63 18.37 23.38

R 43267678 22394479 20873199 27.49 19.53 19.71 19.34 __

U 13205444 6987178 6218266 31.17 15.15 15.18 15.12 __

Alwar T 2990862 1585046 1405816 30.23 19.02 19.00 19.04 14.53

R 2556369 1348601 1207768 29.35 19.83 19.84 19.82 __

U 434493 236445 198048 35.65 14.26 14.26 14.26 __

Page No. - Ann(IV)-4

Table 4-Contd.

Sex ratio of population and sex ratio of child population in the age-group 0-6 State, District, Tehsil – 2001

Sex ratio of total population Sex ratio of child population in the age-group 0-6

State/District/ Tehsil

Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Alwar 887 896 838 888 895 838

Behror 917 922 861 847 846 850

Mandawar 919 919 - 856 856 -

Kotkasim 908 908 - 861 861 -

Tijara 824 862 682 899 911 831

Kishangarh Bas 903 910 884 905 915 867

Ramgarh 904 904 - 900 900 -

Alwar 872 886 856 883 914 831

Bansur 905 905 - 900 900 -

Thanagazi 904 904 - 910 910 -

Rajgarh 885 887 869 901 906 842

Lachhmangarh 888 888 905 903 903 890

Kathumar 868 868 867 888 892 825

Page No. - Ann(IV)-5

Table 5-Contd.

Literacy rates by residence and sex-State, District, Tehsil 2001

Literacy rate

Total Rural UrbanState/District/ Tehsil

Person Male Female Person Male Female Person Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Alwar 62.48 78.91 43.95 58.88 76.54 39.16 82.27 91.50 71.24

Behror 74.68 89.27 59.03 74.00 88.96 58.05 83.04 92.90 71.62

Mandawar 69.29 85.07 52.37 69.29 85.07 52.37 - - -

Kotkasim 69.69 85.26 52.73 69.69 85.26 52.73 - - -

Tijara 58.43 74.47 38.50 53.14 70.37 32.81 79.26 88.93 64.49

Kishangarh Bas 61.96 77.52 44.72 55.81 73.57 36.27 78.66 88.15 67.97

Ramgarh 52.67 71.41 31.96 52.67 71.41 31.96 - - -

Alwar 68.97 82.74 53.14 54.74 73.43 33.47 83.80 92.34 73.86

Bansur 58.15 75.04 39.51 58.15 75.04 39.51 - - -

Thanagazi 48.07 67.80 26.20 48.07 67.80 26.20 - - -

Rajgarh 57.83 76.95 36.14 56.05 75.60 33.90 76.97 91.46 60.40

Lachhmangarh 55.92 74.48 34.94 54.95 73.79 33.63 77.30 89.81 63.53

Kathumar 61.45 79.01 41.12 59.37 77.68 38.13 85.43 94.34 75.24

Page No. - Ann(IV)-6

Table 6-Contd.

Population,percentage decadal growth 1991-2001,sex ratio,literacy by sex-UAs,Cities and Towns by size class in the State-2001

Population Literacy rateSize class and name

of UA/ City/ Town

Civic status of the City/

Town

District

Person Male Female

Percentage decadal growth 1991-2001

Sex ratioPerson Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

2. Alwar UA Alwar 265850 143238 122612 +26.51 856 83.80 92.34 73.86

(a) Alwar MCL Alwar 260245 139141 121104 +26.90 870 83.51 92.11 73.69

(I) Itarana OG Alwar 5605 4097 1508 +10.77 368 97.06 99.81 88.84

Page No. Ann(V)-1

Annexure-VDelegation of Powers to State Government

The Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India vide its Gazette Notification No. S.O. 1189 (E) dated November 29th, 1999, delegated the power conferred on it to take measures for protecting and improving the quality of the environment and preventing, controlling and abating environmental pollution also to the State Governments as notified in the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment & Forests S.O. No. 319 (E) dated 7th May, 1992 subject to the following conditions:

i. The State Governments concerned, namely, Haryana & Rajasthan shall constitute an Expert Committee for each state as per the compositions given in the Schedule-I of this notification which is as under:

Composition of the Expert Committee

1. Secretary, Department of Environment of the concerned State Government

Chairman

2. Head of the Regional Office, Indian Bureau of Mines Member3. Representative of Town & Country Planning Department of the

concerned State GovernmentMember

4. Representative of Sariska Tiger Reserve (for Rajasthan)/ District Forest Officer concerned (for Haryana)

Member

5. One Expert on mining who is a qualified Mining Engineer Member6. One expert on industry Member7. One representative each from two non-governmental organisations

nominated by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India

Member

8. Member Secretary of the State Pollution Control Board of the State Member9. Representative of the Department of Environment of the concerned

State GovernmentMember Secretary

ii. Each State Government shall also constitute a Monitoring Committee, under the Chairmanship of the District Collector concerned (Gurgaon in Haryana & Alwar in Rajasthan) which shall inter-alia monitor the compliance of the conditions stipulated while according environmental clearance by such State Governments and report to each State Government about the violations, if any, and the action taken thereon. The composition of the Monitoring Committe is as under:

Composition of the Monitoring Committee

1. District Collector of Gurgaon/Alwar Chairman2. Representative of the Pollution Control Board of the concerned State Member3. Representative of Sariska Tiger Reserve (for Rajasthan)/ District

Forest Officer concerned (for Haryana)Member

4. Represetative of the Regional Office of Indian Bureau of Mines Member5. Representative of a non-governmental organisation to be nominated

by the respective State GovernmentMember

6. Representative of Town & Country Planning Department of the concerned State

Member

Page No. Ann(V)-2

iii. The State Government concerned shall initiate steps to prepare a Master Plan for the development of the area covered by the Aravali Notification integrating environmental concerns and keeping in view the future land use of the area. This Master Plan shall be prepared by the concerned state agency, approved by the competent authority and finally published, within two years from the date of issue of this notification, in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Town & Country Planning Act or any other similar Act of the respective State Government. The State Government concerned shall implement the Master Plan forthwith after its final publication.

iv. Any person desirous of undertaking any of the activities mentioned in the Aravali Notification, 1992 shall submit an application to the Secretary, Department of Environment of Government of Haryana/Rajasthan, as the case may be. The applicant shall also furnish environmental impact statement and an environmental management plan and such other information as may be prescribed by such State Governments. The application after due scrutiny shall be placed before the Expert Committee for its recommendations. Based on the recommendations of the Expert Committee, the Department of Environment in the State Government concerned shall take a final decision and convey the same to the applicant within three months from the date of reciept of application or when further information has been asked for from the applicant within three months from the date of receipt of such information.

The Ministry of Environment & Forests retains appellate power against rejection of any proposal and the National Environmental Appellate Authority constituted under the National Environmental Appellate Authority Act, 1997 (22 of 1997) shall continue as an Appellate Authority against approval.

In view of this notification, the Expert Committee & Monitoring Committee both have been constituted in the State vide Order No. F.36(32) AR-3/2001 dated 7th August, 2001. The following is the constitution of both the Committees.

Constitution of Expert Committee

1. Principal Secretary/Secretary, Department of Environment , Government of Rajasthan

Chairman

2. Regional Controller of Mines, Indian Bureau of Mines, Government of India, Ajmer

Member

3. Chief Wildlife Warden, Rajastha, Jaipur Member4. Chief Town Planner, Rajasthan, Jaipur Member5. Director, Mines & Geology, Rajasthan, Jaipur Member6. Director, Industries, Rajasthan, Jaipur Member7. Dr G.S. Rathore

Prakritik Society, Village- SherpurKhiljipur, District- Sawai Madhopur (nominated by MoEF, GoI)

Member

8. Member Secretary, Rajastha State Pollution Control Board, Rajastha, Jaipur

Member

9. OSD & Addl. Secretary, Department of Environment, Jaipur Member Secretary

Page No. Ann(V)-3

Constitution of Monitoring Committee

1. District Collector, Alwar Chairman2. Regional Officer, RSPCB, Alwar Member3. Field Director, Tiger Project, Sariska Member4. Representative of the Regional Office of Indian Bureau of Mines (to

be nominated by the Regional Controller of Mines, Government of India, Ajmer)

Member

5. Secretary, Tarun Bharat Sangh, Alwar Member6. District Town Planner, Alwar Member7. Deputy Conservator of Forests, Alwar Member

Secretary

.

R E F E R E N C E S

1. Economic and Social Development Needs in the Mineral Sector: Small Scale Mining Activities in Developing Countries and Economies in Transition, Economic & Social Council, United Nations, 29th December, 1993

2. Water Resource Planning for the State of Rajasthan; Water Resource Planning for Ruparel Basin, Investigation, Design & Research (Irrigation) Unit, Government of Rajasthan Prepared by Tahal Consulting Engineers Limited, Tel Aviv, Israel in association with WAPCOS – Water & Power Consultancy Services (India) Limited

3. Industry & Environment; Project : Siting & Location of Industries in Natural and Built Environment, Indian Environmental Society, 1992.

4. Fuel wood Crisis in the Aravalis : Need for Protection and Conservation, Aravali Project, 1995

5. Dictionary of Useful Plants of the Aravalis and Its Environs ; J.P.L. Srivastava, J.F. Redhead and R.N. Kaul, Aravali Project, Forest Department, Government of Haryana

6. Watershed Management; V.V. Dhruva Narayana, G. Shastry, U.S. Patnaik, ICAR, New Delhi

7. Ground Resource Potential of Alwar District; Central Ground Water Board (Western Region), Jaipur

8. Sacred Water and Sanctified Vegetation: Tanks & Trees in India; D.N.Pandey, Paper presented at the Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property (IASCP) in the Panel “Constituting the Riparian Commons” (Bloomington, Indiana, USA, 31st

May- 4th June, 2000)

9. Bundon Ki Sanskriti; Edited by Anil Agrawal & Sunita Narain, Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi

10. Ethnoforestry: Local Knowledge for Sustainable Forestry and Livelihood Security, Himanshu, New Delhi

11. Regenerating the Forests, Prof Mohan Shrotiya, Tarun Bharat Sangh, Kishori, Alwar

12. Notification No. S.O. 1189 (E) dated 29th November, 1999; Delegation of Powers Under Aravali Notification, Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India

13. District Statistical Report of Alwar District, 2000 published by Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Rajasthan

14. Dialogue on Sariska, Tarun Bharat Sangh, Kishori, Alwar

Page No. R-1

15. Story of A Rivulet Arvari; From Death to Rebirth, Vir Singh, Tarun Bharat Sangh, Alwar

16. Provisional Census Report of Alwar, 2001 of Government of Rajasthan

17. Environmental Education for Sustainable Future Edited by Desh Bandhu & R. Dyal, Indian Environmental Society, New Delhi

18. The Promotion of Community Self Reliance, Tarun Bharat Sangh in Action, Dr Margaret Khalakdina, India Trust, Ahemedabad

19. Mining Data of Alwar District, Department of Mines & Geology, Alwar District

20. Rajasthan ki Rajat Bunden by Anupam Mishra, Gandhi Shanti Pratishthan, New Delhi