Environmental Product Declaration KI | Ruckus · The KI Ruckus seating products are manufactured at an ISO 9001 facility in Green Bay, Wisconsin. A description of each product included

© 2019 SCSglobalServices.com

Declaration Owner

KI

1330 Bellevue Street, Green Bay, WI 54302

www.ki.com

KI is a contract furniture company that manufactures innovative

furniture and movable wall systems for educational, university,

business and government market.

Products

Ruckus

Functional Unit

The functional unit is one chair, serving the function of seating

for a 15-year period. The reference unit used in the study is one

complete chair.

EPD Number and Period of Validity

SCS-EPD-05650

EPD Valid August 12, 2019 through August 11, 2024

Product Category Rule

Product Category Rules According to ISO 14025. NPCR 003:2015

Seating. Version 2.1 The Norwegian EPD Foundation. 2015.

Program Operator

SCS Global Services

2000 Powell Street, Ste. 600, Emeryville, CA 94608

+1.510.452.8000 | www.SCSglobalServices.com

Environmental Product Declaration KI | Ruckus


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1


Declaration Owner: KI

Address: 1330 Bellevue Street, Green Bay, WI 54302

Declaration Number: SCS-EPD-05650

Declaration Validity Period: EPD Valid August 12, 2019 through August 11, 2024

Program Operator: SCS Global Services

Declaration URL Link: https://www.scsglobalservices.com/certified-green-products-guide

LCA Practitioner: Gerard Mansell, Ph., D., SCS Global Services

LCA Software: SimaPro 8.3

Independent critical review of

the LCA and data, according to

ISO 14044 and ISO 14071

☐ internal ☒ external

LCA Reviewer:

Tom Gloria, Ph.D., Industrial Ecology Consultants

Product Category Rule:

Product Category Rules According to ISO 14025. NPCR 003:2015 Seating. Version 2.1 The

Norwegian EPD Foundation. 2015.

PCR Review conducted by: The Norwegian PCR Work Group. The Norwegian EPD Foundation. Contact via

www.standard.no

Independent verification of

the declaration and data,

according to ISO 14025 and the

PCR

☐ internal ☒ external

EPD Verifier:

Tom Gloria, Ph.D., Industrial Ecology Consultants

Declaration Contents:

Product Scope…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..cover

1. About KI……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………2

2. Product………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….2

3. LCA: Calculation Rules………………………………………………………………………………………..………..4

4. LCA: Scenarios and Additional Technical Information…………………………………….……….10

5. LCA: Results……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….11

6. LCA: Interpretation…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………15

7. Additional Environmental Information………………………………………………………………..…….21

8. References…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….……..21

Disclaimers: This EPD conforms to ISO 14025, 14040, and 14044.

Scope of Results Reported: The PCR requirements limit the scope of the LCA metrics such that the results exclude environmental

and social performance benchmarks and thresholds, and exclude impacts from the depletion of natural resources, land use

ecological impacts, ocean impacts related to greenhouse gas emissions, risks from hazardous wastes and impacts linked to

hazardous chemical emissions.

Accuracy of Results: Due to PCR constraints, this EPD provides estimations of potential impacts that are inherently limited in terms

of accuracy.

Comparability: The PCR this EPD was based on was not written to support comparative assertions. EPDs based on different PCRs,

or different calculation models, may not be comparable. When attempting to compare EPDs or life cycle impacts of products from

different companies, the user should be aware of the uncertainty in the final results, due to and not limited to, the practitioner’s

assumptions, the source of the data used in the study, and the specifics of the product modeled.

http://www.standard.no/


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2


1. About KI

At KI, we believe knowing our customers helps us serve them better. We listen. We observe. We understand that each

customer has unique needs. So, we pride ourselves on helping our customers make smart contract furniture decisions by

offering expert advice, design options and personalized solutions.

Since 1941, we’ve positioned KI as the contract furniture company that best understands the contract furniture industry

and is committed to providing customers with the smart solutions. By targeting specific markets with solutions for business

furniture, university furniture, educational furniture, healthcare furniture and government furniture, we can quickly

respond to our customers’ unique needs – including the choice to procure contract furniture according to what fits their

ordering and fulfillment process. That’s why we say we offer far more than furniture. We’re Furnishing Knowledge.

2. Product

2.1 Product Description

The KI Ruckus seating products are manufactured at an ISO 9001 facility in Green Bay, Wisconsin. A description of each

product included in this EPD is provided below.

Ruckus Stool with 4 leg and poly seat Ruckus Chair with casters and poly seat

Users can quickly and easily

change from focused to

collaborative work on the fly

without the disruption of

rearranging furniture. Seating

is non-directional to improve

sight lines and the chair back

is perch-able to facilitate

tiered classrooms without the

need for stools.

Ruckus innovative seating

promotes student movement and

lets users choose how they relate

to their learning spaces. With

Ruckus chairs, users can quickly

and easily change from focused to

collaborative work on the fly with

minimal disruption.

Ruckus Stack Chair with casters and poly seat Ruckus Task Chair with poly seat

With Ruckus Stack chairs,

users can quickly and easily

change from focused to

collaborative work on the fly

without the disruption of

rearranging furniture. Seating

is non-directional to improve

sight lines, and the chair back

is perch-able to facilitate

tiered classrooms without the

need for stools. Integrated

arms can serve as a work

ledge to promote unlimited

room layouts.

Ruckus innovative seating

promotes student movement and

lets users choose how they relate

to their learning spaces. Ruckus

simple-function task chairs

provide design and style

continuity. It's not just a furniture

solution; it is a tool for changing

the learning process. Users quickly

and easily scale from focused to

collaborative work. Innovative

seating is non-directional and

perch-able with integrated arms

that also function as a work ledge


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3


2.2 Application

KI chairs provide the primary function of seating.

2.3 Technical Data

KI seating is designed and manufactured to meet or exceed ANSI/BIFMA X5.1 Seating requirements.

2.4 Base Materials

The primary materials include plastics, and extruded steel and aluminum parts. Packaging materials consist of corrugated

cartons, paper and plastic wrap.

Table 1. Material composition of the KI Ruckus seating and packaging. Results are shown on a mass basis (kg/unit) and as a

percent of total.

Component Ruckus Stack w/

Casters, Poly Seat

Ruckus Task; Poly

Seat Ruckus Stools

Ruckus w/ Casters,

Poly Seat

PRODUCT

Aluminum - 4.0x10-2 - -

- 0.29% - -

Nylon 1.0x10-2 3.3 4.6x10-2 9.9x10-3

0.07% 24% 0.33% 0.09%

Other 0.46 0.33 0.40 0.34

3.2% 2.4% 2.9% 3.1%

Plastic 2.6 2.5 3.6 3.6

18% 18% 26% 33%

Steel 11 5.4 9.7 6.6

76% 39% 70% 60%

Steel/Plastic 0.46 2.2 0.14 0.48

3.2% 16% 1.0% 4.4%

Product Total 14 14 14 11

100% 100% 100% 100%

PACKAGING

Corrugated 6.3 1.8 5.4 6.3

99% 100% 99% 99%

Paper - - - -

- - - -

Plastic 5.8x10-2 - 5.5x10-2 5.5x10-2

0.90% - 1.0% 0.86%

Packaging Total 6.4 1.8 5.5 6.4

100% 100% 100% 100%

2.5 Manufacture

KI Seating is manufactured at fabrication facilities in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Resource use at the fabrication facilities is

allocated to the product based on mass.


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4


2.6 Environment and Health during Manufacture

No environmental or health impacts are expected during the manufacture of the seating products.

2.7 Product Processing/Installation

Typical installation is accomplished using hand tools.

2.8 Packaging

The KI products are packaged for shipment using corrugated cartons, paper and plastic wrap.

2.9 Condition of Use

No special conditions of use are noted.

2.10 Environment and Health during use

No environmental or health impacts are expected due to normal use of the product.

2.11 Reference Service Life

The Reference Service Life (RSL) of the seating product is 15 years. KI provides a 15 year warranty for its seating products.

2.12 Extraordinary Effects

No environmental or health impacts are expected due to extraordinary effects including fire and/or water damage and

product destruction.

2.13 Re-Use Phase

The seating products are not typically reused at end-of-life.

2.14 Disposal

At end-of-life, the product components may be recycled or disposed of in a landfill or via incineration.

2.15 Further Information

Further information on the product can be found on the manufacturers’ website at https://www.ki.com/

3. LCA: Calculation Rules

3.1 Functional Unit

The functional unit used in the study is defined as one (1) chair maintained for use over a 15‐year period. The reference

flows for the product systems are summarized below.

Table 2. The reference flow for the KI seating product system.

Product Model Declared unit Reference Flow (kg)

Ruckus Stool with 4 leg and poly seat 1.00 14

Ruckus Chair with casters and poly seat 1.00 11

Ruckus Stack Chair with casters and poly seat 1.00 14

Ruckus Task Chair with poly seat 1.00 14

https://www.ki.com/


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5


3.2 System Boundary

The scope of the EPD is cradle-to-grave, including raw material extraction and processing, transportation, product

manufacture, product delivery, installation and use, and product disposal. The life cycle phases included in the EPD scope

are described in Table 3 and illustrated in Figure 1.

Table 3. The modules and unit processes included in the scope for the product system.

Module Module description from the PCR Unit Processes Included in Scope

A1

Extraction and processing of raw materials; any

reuse of products or materials from previous

product systems; processing of secondary

materials; generation of electricity from primary

energy resources; energy, or other, recovery

processes from secondary fuels

Extraction and processing of raw materials for the seating

components.

A2 Transport (to the manufacturer) Transport of component materials to the manufacturing

facilities

A3 Manufacturing, including ancillary material

production

Manufacturing of seating products and packaging (incl.

upstream unit processes)

A4 Transport (to the building site) Transport of product (including packaging) to the building site

A5 Construction-installation process

Installation of product is accomplished using hand tools with

no associated emissions and negligible impacts. Only impacts

from packaging disposal are included in this phase.

B1 Product maintenance

Maintenance of products, including periodic cleaning is

assumed negligible. There are no associated emissions or

impacts from the use of the product

B2-B3 Product repair and replacement

The seating products are not expected to require repair or

replacement over its lifetime. Impacts from these phases

have negligible impact

B4 Operational energy use by technical building

systems

There is no operational energy use associated with the use of

the product

C1 Transport (to waste processing) Transport of the product to waste treatment at end-of-life

C2 Waste processing for reuse, recovery and/or

recycling

The product is disposed of by incineration and/or landfilling

which require no waste processing

C3 Disposal Disposal of seating product in municipal landfill or incineration

D Reuse-recovery-recycling potential Module Not Declared


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6


Figure 1. Flow Diagram representing the major unit operations in the life cycle of the KI seating.


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7


3.3 Estimates and Assumptions

Electricity and resource use (e.g., natural gas, propane) at the KI facility were allocated to the product based on

the product mass as a fraction of the total facility production volume.

The Green Bay, Wisconsin facility is located in the MROE eGRID NERC subregion. An Ecoinvent inventory dataset

was modified to reflect the eGRID energy mix for MROE to estimate resource use and emissions from electricity

use at the manufacturing facility.

Data for the manufacturing processes to produce many of the steel, aluminum and plastic components of the

chair (tubing, plates, fasteners, etc.) were not specifically known. Therefore, average metal working and plastic

injection moulding datasets for steel, aluminum and plastic component manufacturing are used.

For the product end-of-life, recycling rates (Section 2.13) are assumed based on the 2015 US Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) reports. Materials not recycled are assumed to go to a

municipal landfill (80%) and incineration (20%) based on information from the MSW reports.

For final disposal of the packaging material and chair at end-of-life, all materials are assumed to be transported

20 miles (~32 km) by diesel truck to either a landfill or material reclamation facility (for recycling). Datasets

representing disposal in a landfill and waste incineration are from Ecoinvent.

Modeling of recycled materials follows the recycled content method (also known as 100-0 method or cut-off

method) whereby only the burdens of reprocessing the waste material are allocated to the system from the use

of the recycled material.

An analysis of impacts to indoor air quality during use of the product was considered outside the scope and was

not included.

It should be noted that LCIA results are relative expressions and do not predict impacts on category endpoints, the

exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks.

The PCR requires the results for several inventory flows related to construction products to be reported including energy

and resource use and waste and outflows. These are aggregated inventory flows, and do not characterize any potential

impact; results should be interpreted taking into account this limitation.

3.4 Cut-off criteria

According to the PCR, processes contributing greater than 1% of the total environmental impact indicator for each impact

are included in the inventory. No data gaps were allowed which were expected to significantly affect the outcome of the

indicator results. No known flows are deliberately excluded from this EPD

3.5 Background Data

Primary data were provided by KI for their manufacturing facilities. The sources of secondary LCI data are the Ecoinvent

database.

Unit processes are developed with SimaPro 8.3 software, drawing upon data from multiple sources. Primary data were

provided by KI and some of its suppliers for their manufacturing processes. The primary sources of secondary LCI data are

from Ecoinvent Database.


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8


Table 4. Data sources for the KI product system.

Material Material Dataset Processing Dataset Data Source &

Publication Date

PRODUCT COMPONENT

PRODUCT

Aluminum

Aluminium scrap, post-consumer {GLO}| aluminium

scrap, post-consumer, Recycled Content cut-off;

Aluminium scrap, new {GLO}| aluminium scrap, new,

Recycled Content cut-off

Metal working, average for

aluminium product manufacturing

{GLO}| market for

EI v3.3; 2016

Nylon

Nylon 6 {RoW}| production; Nylon 6, glass-filled, 80%

pre-consumer {GLO}| market for; Nylon 6, 25%/25%

pre/post-consumer recycled {GLO}

Injection moulding {RoW}|

processing EI v3.3; 2016

Other Carbon black {GLO}| market for na EI v3.3; 2016

Plastic

Polyethylene, high density, granulate {GLO}| market

for; Polypropylene, granulate {RoW}| production;

Polyurethane, flexible foam {GLO}| market for

Injection moulding {RoW}|

processing EI v3.3; 2016

Steel

Steel, low-alloyed {RoW}| steel production, electric, low-

alloyed;

Steel, low-alloyed {RoW}| steel production, converter,

low-alloyed

Metal working, average for steel

product manufacturing {GLO}|

market for

EI v3.3; 2016

Steel/Plastic

Components

Steel, low-alloyed {RoW}| steel production, electric, low-

alloyed; Steel, low-alloyed {RoW}| steel production,

converter, low-alloyed; Polyethylene, high density,

granulate {RER}| production; Lead {GLO}| market for;

Polyoxymethylene (POM)/EU-27; Synthetic rubber

{RoW}| production; Nylon 6 {RoW}| production;

Lubricating oil {RoW}| production

Metal working, average for steel

product manufacturing {GLO}|

market for; Injection moulding

{RoW}| processing

EI v3.3; 2016

Industry data 2.0;

2015

PACKAGING

Corrugated Corrugated board, recycling fibre, single wall, at

plant/RER U Included in material dataset EI v2.2; 2015

Paper Kraft paper, bleached {GLO}| market for Included in material dataset EI v3.3; 2016

Plastic

Polyethylene, linear low density, granulate {GLO}|

market for; Polyethylene, high density, granulate

{GLO}| market for; Packaging film, low density

polyethylene {GLO}| market for; Ethylene vinyl acetate

copolymer {GLO}| market for

Included in material dataset EI v3.3; 2016

TRANSPORTATION

Road transport Transport, freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO4

{GLO}| market for na EI v3.3; 2016

Rail transport Transport, freight train {RoW}| market for na EI v3.3; 2016

Ship transport Transport, freight, sea, transoceanic ship {GLO}|

market for na EI v3.3; 2016

RESOURCES

Electricity Electricity, medium voltage, at grid/MROE 2016 U na EI v2.2; 2016

Heat (natural gas) Heat, central or small-scale, natural gas {RoW}| market

for heat, central or small-scale, natural gas na EI v3.3; 2016

Heat (propane)

Heat, district or industrial, other than natural gas

{RoW}| heat production, propane, at industrial furnace

>100kW

na EI v3.3; 2016

na is not applicable

3.6 Data Quality

The data quality assessment addressed the following parameters: time-related coverage, geographical coverage,

technological coverage, precision, completeness, representativeness, consistency, reproducibility, sources of data, and

uncertainty.


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9


Table 5. Data quality assessment for the KI product system.

Data Quality Parameter Data Quality Discussion

Time-Related Coverage:

Age of data and the minimum length of

time over which data is collected

The most recent available data are used, based on other considerations such as data quality and

similarity to the actual operations. Typically, these data are less than 10 years old (typically

2016). All of the secondary data used represented an average of at least one year’s worth of data

collection, and up to three years in some cases. Manufacturer-supplied data (primary data) are

based on annual production for 2018.

Geographical Coverage:

Geographical area from which data for

unit processes is collected to satisfy the

goal of the study

The data used in the analysis provide the best possible representation available with current

data. Electricity use for product manufacture is modeled using the regional eGRID resource mix

data for electricity. Surrogate data used in the assessment are representative of North American

or global operations. Data representative of global operations are considered sufficiently similar

to actual processes. Data representing product disposal are based on US statistics.

Technology Coverage:

Specific technology or technology mix

For the most part, data are representative of the actual technologies used for processing,

transportation, and manufacturing operations. In some cases, specific information regarding

metal and plastic component manufacturing was not available. Representative fabrication

datasets, specific to the type of metal (aluminum, steel), are used to represent the actual

processes. Similarly, representative plastic injection molding datasets are used to represent

production of plastic components.

Precision:

Measure of the variability of the data

values for each data expressed

Precision of results are not quantified due to a lack of data. Secondary data for operations are

typically averaged for one or more years and over multiple operations, which is expected to

reduce the variability of results.

Completeness:

Percentage of flow that is measured or

estimated

The LCA model included all known mass and energy flows for production of the seating products.

In some instances, surrogate data used to represent upstream and downstream operations may

be missing some data which is propagated in the model. No known processes or activities

contributing to more than 1% of the total environmental impact for each indicator are excluded.

In total, these missing data represent less than 5% of the mass or energy flows.

Representativeness:

Qualitative assessment of the degree

to which the data set reflects the true

population of interest

Data used in the assessment represent typical or average processes as currently reported from

multiple data sources, and are therefore generally representative of the range of actual

processes and technologies for production of these materials. Considerable deviation may exist

among actual processes on a site-specific basis; however, such a determination would require

detailed data collection throughout the supply chain back to resource extraction.

Consistency:

Qualitative assessment of whether the

study methodology is applied uniformly

to the various components of the

analysis

The consistency of the assessment is considered to be high. Data sources of similar quality and

age are used; with a bias towards Ecoinvent v3.3 data where available. Different portions of the

product life cycle are equally considered; however, it must be noted that final disposition of the

product is based on assumptions of current average practices in the United States.

Reproducibility:

Qualitative assessment of the extent to

which information about the

methodology and data values would

allow an independent practitioner to

reproduce the results reported in the

study

Based on the description of data and assumptions used, this assessment would be reproducible

by other practitioners. All assumptions, models, and data sources are documented.

Sources of the Data:

Description of all primary and

secondary data sources

Data representing energy use at KI’s Green Bay facility represent an annual average and are

considered of medium to high quality due to the length of time over which these data are

collected for the existing production processes. For secondary LCI datasets, Ecoinvent v3.3 LCI

data are used.

Uncertainty of the Information:

Uncertainty related to data, models,

and assumptions

Uncertainty related to materials in the seating products and packaging is low. Actual supplier

data for upstream operations was not available and the study relied upon the use of existing

representative datasets. These datasets contained relatively recent data (<10 years), but lacked

geographical representativeness. Uncertainty related to the impact assessment methods used in

the study are high. The impact assessment method required by the PCR includes impact

potentials, which lack characterization of providing and receiving environments or tipping points.

3.7 Period under review

The period of review is calendar year 2018.


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10


3.8 Allocation

Manufacturing resource use was allocated to the products based on mass. Impacts from transportation were allocated

based on the mass of material and distance transported.

The product system includes some recycled materials, which were allocated using the recycled content allocation method

(also known as the 100-0 cut off method). Using the recycled content allocation approach, system inputs with recycled

content do not receive any burden from the previous life cycle other than reprocessing of the waste material. At end-of-

life, materials which are recycled leave the system boundaries with no additional burden.

3.9 Comparability

The PCR this EPD was based on was not written to support comparative assertions. EPDs based on different PCRs, or

different calculation models, may not be comparable. When attempting to compare EPDs or life cycle impacts of products

from different companies, the user should be aware of the uncertainty in the final results, due to and not limited to, the

practitioner’s assumptions, the source of the data used in the study, and the specifics of the product modeled.

4. LCA: Scenarios and Additional Technical Information

Delivery and Installation stage (A4 - A5)

Distribution of the seating products to the point of installation is included in the assessment. Average transport distance

for distribution of the products from the fabrication facility to the point of installation is approximately 1,000 km by diesel

truck. Transportation parameters for modeling are summarized in Table 6.

Table 6. Transport parameters for product delivery (A4).

Parameter Value Unit

Liters of fuel 15.5 l/100 km

Transport distance 1,000 km

Capacity utilization (including empty runs) 67 %

Gross weight of products transported:

Ruckus Stool with 4 leg and poly seat 19 kg

Ruckus Chair with casters and poly seat 17 kg

Ruckus Stack Chair with casters and poly seat 21 kg

Ruckus Task Chair with poly seat 16 kg

Installation of the product is accomplished using hand tools with no associated emissions (dust or VOCs) and negligible

impacts. No scrap is generated at installation.

The impacts associated with packaging disposal are included with the installation phase.

Use and Maintenance stage (B1)

No impacts are associated with the use of the product over the Reference Service Lifetime. Impacts associated with

maintenance of the seating products is assumed negligible over the product lifetime.

Repair/Replacement/Refurbishment stage (B2 – B3)

Product repair, replacement and refurbishment are not relevant during the lifetime of the product.


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11


Building operational energy stage (B4)

There is no operational energy use associated with the use of the product and the results for this stage is zero.

Disposal stage (C1 – C3)

The disposal stage includes demolition and transport of the seating products to waste treatment facilities (C1); waste

processing (C2); and associated emissions as the product degrades in a landfill or is burned in an incinerator (C3). For the

KI seating products, no waste processing (C2) is required for incineration or landfill disposal. Transportation of waste

materials at end-of-life (C1) assumes a 20-mile (~32 km) average distance to disposal, consistent with assumptions used in

the US EPA WARM model. The relevant recycling rates used for the product and packaging are based on regional statistics

regarding municipal solid waste generation and disposal in the United States for 2015, from the US Environmental

Protection Agency. The data include end-of-life recycling rates of packaging and product materials. The relevant recycling

rates used for the product and packaging are summarized in Table 7.

Table 7. Recycling rates for materials at end-of-life.

Material Product Packaging

Recycling Rates

Steel 27.8% n/a

Non-Ferro metals 67.6% n/a

Plastics 6.6% 14.6%

Paper and paperboard n/a 78.2%

Disposal of Non-recyclables

Incineration 20% 20%

Landfill 80% 80%


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12


5. LCA: Results

Results of the Life Cycle Assessment are presented below. It is noted that LCA results are relative expressions and do not

predict impacts on category endpoints, the exceeding of thresholds, safety margins or risks.

Table 8. Life cycle phases included in the product system boundary.

Product Construction

Process Use End-of-life

Benefits and

loads beyond

the system

boundary

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 C1 C2 C3 D

Ra

w m

ate

ria

l ext

ract

ion

an

d p

roce

ssin

g

Tra

nsp

ort

to

ma

nu

fact

ure

r

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Tra

nsp

ort

Co

nst

ruct

ion

-

inst

alla

tio

n

Use

& M

ain

ten

an

ce

Re

pa

ir

Re

pla

cem

en

t

Op

era

tio

na

l en

erg

y u

se

De

mo

litio

n &

Tra

nsp

ort

Wa

ste

pro

cess

ing

Dis

po

sal

Re

use

, re

cove

ry a

nd

/or

recy

clin

g p

ote

nti

al

X X X X X X X X X X X X MND

The following environmental impact category indicator are reported using characterization factors based on the CML-IA

characterization factors:

Impact Category Unit

Global Warming Potential (GWP 100) kg CO2 eq

Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) kg CFC 11 eq

Acidification Potential of soil and water (AP) kg SO2 eq

Eutrophication Potential (EP) kg PO43- eq

Photochemical Oxidant Creation Potential (POCP) kg C2H4 eq

Abiotic depletion potential (ADP-elements) for non-fossil

resources kg Sb eq

Abiotic depletion potential (ADP-fossil fuels) for fossil

resources MJ, LHV

The following optional environmental impact category indicators are also reported based on the U.S. EPA’s Tool for the

Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts – TRACI 2.1 characterization factors:

Impact Category Unit

Global Warming Potential (GWP 100) kg CO2 eq

Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) kg CFC 11 eq

Acidification Potential (AP) kg SO2 eq

Eutrophication Potential (EP) kg N eq

Smog Formation Potential (POCP) kg O3 eq

Fossil Fuel Depletion Potential (FFD) MJ Surplus, LHV


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13


Table 9. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results for the KI Ruckus Stool with 4 leg and poly seat over a 15-yr time horizon. All values

are rounded to two significant digits. Results reported in MJ are calculated using lower heating values.

Impact category Unit

Mo

du

le A

1 -

Ra

w

ma

teri

al

ex

tra

ctio

n a

nd

pro

cess

ing

Mo

du

le A

2 -

Tra

nsp

ort

to

ma

nu

fact

ure

r

Mo

du

le A

3 -

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Mo

du

le A

4 -

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le A

5 -

Co

nst

ruct

ion

-

inst

all

ati

on

Mo

du

le C

1-

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le C

3 -

Dis

po

sal

Mo

du

le D

- R

eu

se,

reco

ve

ry a

nd

/or

recy

clin

g p

ote

nti

al

CML-IA

Global warming

(GWP, 100 year)

kg CO2 eq 43 1.2 9.5 5.2 1.7 0.58 0.40 MND

% 70% 1.9% 15% 8.4% 2.7% 0.94% 0.65%

Acidification kg SO2 eq 0.21 4.7x10-3 3.5x10-2 2.1x10-2 1.4x10-3 2.8x10-3 4.1x10-4

MND % 76% 1.7% 13% 7.6% 0.50% 1.0% 0.15%

Eutrophication kg (PO4)3- eq 7.3x10-2 1.1x10-3 1.5x10-2 4.7x10-3 2.9x10-3 5.8x10-4 1.4x10-3

MND % 74% 1.1% 15% 4.8% 3.0% 0.59% 1.5%

Ozone depletion kg CFC-11 eq. 2.5x10-6 2.2x10-7 7.0x10-7 9.6x10-7 4.5x10-8 1.1x10-7 1.5x10-8

MND % 55% 4.7% 15% 21% 1.00% 2.3% 0.32%

Smog kg C2H4 eq 1.3x10-2 2.0x10-4 1.8x10-3 8.8x10-4 3.6x10-4 1.1x10-4 8.1x10-5

MND % 79% 1.2% 11% 5.4% 2.2% 0.67% 0.49%

Abiotic depletion

(elements)

kg Sb eq 1.3x10-4 3.5x10-6 8.4x10-6 1.5x10-5 1.8x10-7 3.8x10-7 8.4x10-8 MND

% 83% 2.1% 5.2% 9.5% 0.11% 0.24% 0.05%

Abiotic depletion

(fossil fuels)

MJ 680 19 130 83 3.9 8.8 1.4 MND

% 74% 2.0% 14% 9.0% 0.42% 0.95% 0.15%

TRACI 2.1

Global warming

(GWP, 100 year)

kg CO2 eq 42 1.2 9.4 5.2 1.4 0.58 0.35 MND

% 70% 1.9% 16% 8.6% 2.3% 0.96% 0.57%


MND % 74% 1.9% 13% 8.6% 0.61% 1.2% 0.17%

Eutrophication kg N eq 0.15 1.3x10-3 3.0x10-2 5.8x10-3 7.4x10-3 4.7x10-4 3.7x10-3

MND % 75% 0.66% 15% 2.9% 3.7% 0.24% 1.9%

Ozone depletion kg CFC-11 eq 2.5x10-6 2.2x10-7 7.0x10-7 9.6x10-7 4.5x10-8 1.1x10-7 1.5x10-8

MND % 55% 4.8% 15% 21% 1.0% 2.3% 0.32%

Smog kg O3 eq 2.2 0.13 0.44 0.56 4.1x10-2 9.2x10-2 1.0x10-2

MND % 63% 3.7% 13% 16% 1.2% 2.7% 0.30%

Fossil fuel

depletion

MJ surplus 71 2.6 14 11 0.54 1.2 0.18 MND

% 70% 2.5% 14% 11% 0.54% 1.2% 0.18% MND = Module not declared


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14


Table 10. Resource use, waste and outflows for the KI Ruckus Stool with 4 leg and poly seat over a 15-yr time horizon. All values are

rounded to two significant digits. Results reported in MJ are calculated using lower heating values.


Mo

du

le A

1 -

Ra

w

ma

teri

al

ex

tra

ctio

n a

nd

pro

cess

ing

Mo

du

le A

2 -

Tra

nsp

ort

to m

an

ufa

ctu

rer

Mo

du

le A

3 -

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Mo

du

le A

4 -

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le A

5 -

Co

nst

ruct

ion

-

inst

all

ati

on

Mo

du

le C

1-

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le C

3 -

Dis

po

sal

Mo

du

le D

- R

eu

se,

reco

ve

ry a

nd

/or

recy

clin

g p

ote

nti

al

RESOURCE USE

Use of renewable primary

energy excluding the renewable

primary energy resources used

as raw materials

MJ 45 0.23 9.8 1.0 3.9x10-2 3.8x10-2 4.0x10-2

MND % 80% 0.41% 18% 1.8% 0.07% 0.07% 0.07%


energy resources used as raw

materials

MJ - - - - - - - MND

% - - - - - - -

Total use of renewable primary

energy resources

MJ 45 0.23 9.8 1.0 3.9x10-2 3.8x10-2 4.0x10-2 MND

% 80% 0.41% 18% 1.8% 0.07% 0.07% 0.07%

Use of non-renewable primary

energy excluding non-

renewable primary energy

resources used as raw

materials

MJ INA INA INA INA INA INA INA MND





materials


Total use of non-renewable

primary energy resources

MJ 740 19 130 85 4.0 8.8 1.4 MND

% 75% 1.9% 13% 8.5% 0.40% 0.89% 0.14%

Use of secondary materials kg - - 9.6 - - - - MND

% 0.00% 0.00% 100% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Use of renewable secondary

fuels MJ Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. MND

Use of non-renewable

secondary fuels MJ Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. MND

Use of net fresh water m3 2.3 1.3x10-2 0.17 5.8x10-2 3.0x10-3 3.0x10-3 2.6x10-3

MND % 90% 0.50% 6.5% 2.2% 0.12% 0.12% 0.10%

WASTE FLOWS

Hazardous waste disposed kg 9.2x10-4 1.1x10-5 1.7x10-4 4.7x10-5 1.6x10-6 2.8x10-6 1.5x10-6

MND % 80% 0.92% 15% 4.1% 0.14% 0.25% 0.13%

Non-hazardous waste disposed kg 4.5 0.84 0.62 3.7 1.0 3.6x10-2 6.1

MND % 27% 5.0% 3.7% 22% 5.9% 0.21% 36%

Radioactive waste disposed

(high-level)

kg 1.9x10-4 1.1x10-6 2.5x10-5 5.0x10-6 1.9x10-7 2.0x10-7 1.1x10-7 MND

% 86% 0.51% 11% 2.3% 0.08% 0.09% 0.05%


(low-level)

kg 1.2x10-3 1.2x10-4 5.4x10-5 5.4x10-4 2.5x10-5 5.9x10-5 8.1x10-6 MND

% 60% 6.0% 2.7% 27% 1.3% 2.9% 0.40%

Components for re-use kg - - - - - - - MND

Materials for recycling kg - - 4.3 - - - 2.9

MND % 0.00% 0.00% 59% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 41%

Materials for energy recovery kg Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. MND

Exported energy MJ Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. Neg. MND

MND = Module not declared

INA = Indicator not assessed

Neg. = Negligible


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15


Table 11. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results for the KI Ruckus Chair with casters and poly seat over a 15-yr time horizon. All

values are rounded to two significant digits. Results reported in MJ are calculated using lower heating values.


Mo

du

le A

1 -

Ra

w

ma

teri

al

ex

tra

ctio

n a

nd

pro

cess

ing

Mo

du

le A

2 -

Tra

nsp

ort

to

ma

nu

fact

ure

r

Mo

du

le A

3 -

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Mo

du

le A

4 -

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le A

5 -

Co

nst

ruct

ion

-

inst

all

ati

on

Mo

du

le C

1-

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le C

3 -

Dis

po

sal

Mo

du

le D

- R

eu

se,

reco

ve

ry a

nd

/or

recy

clin

g p

ote

nti

al

CML-IA

Global warming

(GWP, 100 year)

kg CO2 eq 35 1.2 9.6 4.7 2.0 0.46 0.54 MND

% 65% 2.2% 18% 8.8% 3.7% 0.86% 1.0%


MND % 73% 2.9% 15% 8.2% 0.70% 0.96% 0.15%


MND % 68% 1.5% 18% 5.1% 4.1% 0.56% 2.3%


MND % 50% 5.5% 19% 22% 1.3% 2.1% 0.28%


MND % 75% 1.9% 13% 5.8% 3.1% 0.63% 0.76%

Abiotic depletion

(elements)


% 79% 2.5% 7.4% 11% 0.16% 0.24% 0.05%

Abiotic depletion

(fossil fuels)

MJ 590 19 130 75 4.6 7.0 1.1 MND

% 71% 2.3% 16% 9.1% 0.55% 0.84% 0.13%

TRACI 2.1

Global warming

(GWP, 100 year)

kg CO2 eq 34 1.2 9.5 4.7 1.6 0.46 0.46 MND

% 66% 2.3% 18% 9.0% 3.1% 0.88% 0.88%


MND % 71% 3.1% 15% 9.3% 0.86% 1.2% 0.18%


MND % 70% 0.84% 18% 3.1% 5.2% 0.23% 2.9%


MND % 50% 5.5% 19% 22% 1.3% 2.1% 0.29%

Smog kg O3 eq 1.7 0.15 0.46 0.51 4.8x10-2 7.3x10-2 8.5x10-3

MND % 58% 5.1% 15% 17% 1.6% 2.5% 0.29%

Fossil fuel

depletion

MJ surplus 63 2.6 15 10 0.63 0.98 0.14 MND

% 68% 2.8% 16% 11% 0.68% 1.1% 0.15%


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16


Table 12. Resource use, waste and outflows for the KI Ruckus Chair with casters and poly seat over a 15-yr time horizon. All values are



Mo

du

le A

1 -

Ra

w

ma

teri

al

ex

tra

ctio

n a

nd

pro

cess

ing

Mo

du

le A

2 -

Tra

nsp

ort

to m

an

ufa

ctu

rer

Mo

du

le A

3 -

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Mo

du

le A

4 -

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le A

5 -

Co

nst

ruct

ion

-

inst

all

ati

on

Mo

du

le C

1-

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le C

3 -

Dis

po

sal

Mo

du

le D

- R

eu

se,

reco

ve

ry a

nd

/or

recy

clin

g p

ote

nti

al

RESOURCE USE




as raw materials

MJ 35 0.25 10 0.91 4.5x10-2 3.0x10-2 3.5x10-2

MND % 75% 0.53% 22% 1.9% 0.10% 0.06% 0.07%



materials

MJ - - - - - - - MND

% - - - - - - -


energy resources

MJ 35 0.25 10 0.91 4.5x10-2 3.0x10-2 3.5x10-2 MND

% 75% 0.53% 22% 1.9% 0.10% 0.06% 0.07%





materials






materials




MJ 640 19 140 76 4.6 7.0 1.1 MND

% 72% 2.2% 15% 8.6% 0.52% 0.80% 0.13%


% 0.00% 0.00% 100% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%






MND % 89% 0.69% 7.7% 2.5% 0.17% 0.12% 0.12%

WASTE FLOWS


MND % 77% 1.1% 17% 4.4% 0.19% 0.23% 0.15%


MND % 25% 5.7% 4.4% 24% 8.4% 0.20% 32%


(high-level)

kg 1.4x10-4 1.3x10-6 2.9x10-5 4.5x10-6 2.2x10-7 1.6x10-7 1.1x10-7 MND

% 81% 0.72% 16% 2.5% 0.12% 0.09% 0.06%


(low-level)

kg 9.4x10-4 1.2x10-4 5.9x10-5 4.9x10-4 3.0x10-5 4.7x10-5 6.2x10-6 MND

% 56% 7.3% 3.5% 29% 1.7% 2.8% 0.37%



MND % 0.00% 0.00% 71% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 29%





Neg. = Negligible


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17


Table 13. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results for the KI Ruckus Stack Chair with casters and poly seat over a 15-yr time horizon.

All values are rounded to two significant digits. Results reported in MJ are calculated using lower heating values.


Mo

du

le A

1 -

Ra

w

ma

teri

al

ex

tra

ctio

n a

nd

pro

cess

ing

Mo

du

le A

2 -

Tra

nsp

ort

to

ma

nu

fact

ure

r

Mo

du

le A

3 -

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Mo

du

le A

4 -

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le A

5 -

Co

nst

ruct

ion

-

inst

all

ati

on

Mo

du

le C

1-

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le C

3 -

Dis

po

sal

Mo

du

le D

- R

eu

se,

reco

ve

ry a

nd

/or

recy

clin

g p

ote

nti

al

CML-IA

Global warming

(GWP, 100 year)

kg CO2 eq 44 1.4 11 5.6 2.0 0.60 0.61 MND

% 68% 2.2% 16% 8.6% 3.0% 0.92% 0.93%


MND % 75% 2.5% 13% 7.6% 0.55% 0.98% 0.17%


MND % 73% 1.3% 15% 4.7% 3.2% 0.56% 1.9%


MND % 54% 5.3% 16% 21% 1.1% 2.2% 0.35%


MND % 78% 1.7% 12% 5.4% 2.4% 0.65% 0.70%

Abiotic depletion

(elements)


% 83% 2.2% 5.4% 9.2% 0.12% 0.22% 0.06%

Abiotic depletion

(fossil fuels)

MJ 660 23 140 89 4.6 9.1 1.6 MND

% 71% 2.5% 15% 9.6% 0.49% 0.98% 0.18%

TRACI 2.1

Global warming

(GWP, 100 year)

kg CO2 eq 44 1.4 10 5.6 1.6 0.60 0.52 MND

% 68% 2.2% 16% 8.7% 2.6% 0.94% 0.81%


MND % 73% 2.8% 13% 8.7% 0.67% 1.2% 0.20%


MND % 74% 0.76% 15% 2.9% 3.9% 0.22% 2.5%


MND % 54% 5.3% 16% 21% 1.1% 2.2% 0.35%

Smog kg O3 eq 2.3 0.17 0.50 0.60 4.8x10-2 9.5x10-2 1.2x10-2

MND % 61% 4.7% 13% 16% 1.3% 2.6% 0.34%

Fossil fuel

depletion

MJ surplus 65 3.1 16 12 0.63 1.3 0.22 MND

% 66% 3.2% 16% 12% 0.64% 1.3% 0.22%


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18


Table 14. Resource use, waste and outflows for the KI Ruckus Stack Chair with casters and poly seat over a 15-yr time horizon. All

values are rounded to two significant digits. Results reported in MJ are calculated using lower heating values.


Mo

du

le A

1 -

Ra

w

ma

teri

al

ex

tra

ctio

n a

nd

pro

cess

ing

Mo

du

le A

2 -

Tra

nsp

ort

to m

an

ufa

ctu

rer

Mo

du

le A

3 -

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Mo

du

le A

4 -

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le A

5 -

Co

nst

ruct

ion

-

inst

all

ati

on

Mo

du

le C

1-

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le C

3 -

Dis

po

sal

Mo

du

le D

- R

eu

se,

reco

ve

ry a

nd

/or

recy

clin

g p

ote

nti

al

RESOURCE USE




as raw materials

MJ 47 0.29 11 1.1 4.5x10-2 3.9x10-2 5.0x10-2

MND % 79% 0.49% 19% 1.8% 0.08% 0.07% 0.08%



materials

MJ - - - - - - - MND

% - - - - - - -


energy resources

MJ 47 0.29 11 1.1 4.5x10-2 3.9x10-2 5.0x10-2 MND

% 79% 0.49% 19% 1.8% 0.08% 0.07% 0.08%





materials






materials




MJ 710 23 150 91 4.6 9.1 1.7 MND

% 72% 2.3% 15% 9.1% 0.46% 0.92% 0.17%


% 0.00% 0.00% 100% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%






MND % 90% 0.61% 6.7% 2.3% 0.13% 0.12% 0.12%

WASTE FLOWS


MND % 79% 1.1% 15% 4.2% 0.15% 0.24% 0.17%


MND % 27% 5.0% 3.6% 21% 6.1% 0.19% 37%


(high-level)

kg 2.0x10-4 1.5x10-6 2.9x10-5 5.3x10-6 2.2x10-7 2.1x10-7 1.4x10-7 MND

% 85% 0.63% 12% 2.2% 0.09% 0.09% 0.06%


(low-level)

kg 1.3x10-3 1.5x10-4 6.1x10-5 5.8x10-4 3.0x10-5 6.1x10-5 9.5x10-6 MND

% 59% 6.7% 2.8% 27% 1.4% 2.8% 0.44%



MND % 0.00% 0.00% 61% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 39%





Neg. = Negligible


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19


Table 15. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) results for the KI Ruckus Task Chair with poly seat over a 15-yr time horizon. All values are



Mo

du

le A

1 -

Ra

w

ma

teri

al

ex

tra

ctio

n a

nd

pro

cess

ing

Mo

du

le A

2 -

Tra

nsp

ort

to

ma

nu

fact

ure

r

Mo

du

le A

3 -

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Mo

du

le A

4 -

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le A

5 -

Co

nst

ruct

ion

-

inst

all

ati

on

Mo

du

le C

1-

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le C

3 -

Dis

po

sal

Mo

du

le D

- R

eu

se,

reco

ve

ry a

nd

/or

recy

clin

g p

ote

nti

al

CML-IA

Global warming

(GWP, 100 year)

kg CO2 eq 67 2.8 5.8 4.2 0.56 0.58 2.7 MND

% 80% 3.4% 6.9% 5.0% 0.67% 0.69% 3.2%


MND % 80% 7.5% 7.0% 4.6% 0.12% 0.75% 0.25%

Eutrophication kg (PO4)3- eq 0.10 4.4x10-3 9.0x10-3 3.8x10-3 9.5x10-4 5.8x10-4 1.5x10-2

MND % 75% 3.3% 6.6% 2.8% 0.70% 0.43% 11%


MND % 60% 11% 7.6% 18% 0.35% 2.4% 0.54%


MND % 85% 4.3% 5.5% 3.2% 0.55% 0.49% 1.1%

Abiotic depletion

(elements)


% 91% 2.1% 1.4% 5.3% 0.03% 0.16% 0.07%

Abiotic depletion

(fossil fuels)

MJ 980 42 73 67 1.3 8.8 2.3 MND

% 83% 3.6% 6.2% 5.7% 0.11% 0.75% 0.19%

TRACI 2.1

Global warming

(GWP, 100 year)

kg CO2 eq 66 2.8 5.7 4.2 0.46 0.58 2.5 MND

% 80% 3.4% 6.9% 5.1% 0.56% 0.70% 3.0%


MND % 78% 8.2% 6.8% 5.3% 0.15% 0.91% 0.31%


MND % 74% 1.6% 6.7% 1.7% 0.85% 0.17% 15%


MND % 60% 11% 7.5% 18% 0.35% 2.4% 0.54%

Smog kg O3 eq 3.1 0.60 0.24 0.46 1.4x10-2 9.2x10-2 2.5x10-2

MND % 69% 13% 5.3% 10.0% 0.30% 2.0% 0.55%

Fossil fuel

depletion

MJ surplus 110 5.6 7.1 9.2 0.18 1.2 0.29 MND

% 82% 4.3% 5.5% 7.1% 0.14% 0.95% 0.22%


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20


Table 16. Resource use, waste and outflows for the KI Ruckus Task Chair with poly seat over a 15-yr time horizon. All values are



Mo

du

le A

1 -

Ra

w

ma

teri

al

ex

tra

ctio

n a

nd

pro

cess

ing

Mo

du

le A

2 -

Tra

nsp

ort

to m

an

ufa

ctu

rer

Mo

du

le A

3 -

Ma

nu

fact

uri

ng

Mo

du

le A

4 -

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le A

5 -

Co

nst

ruct

ion

-

inst

all

ati

on

Mo

du

le C

1-

Tra

nsp

ort

Mo

du

le C

3 -

Dis

po

sal

Mo

du

le D

- R

eu

se,

reco

ve

ry a

nd

/or

recy

clin

g p

ote

nti

al

RESOURCE USE




as raw materials

MJ 52 0.81 5.3 0.82 1.3x10-2 3.8x10-2 8.0x10-2

MND % 88% 1.4% 9.0% 1.4% 0.02% 0.06% 0.14%



materials

MJ - - - - - - - MND

% - - - - - - -


energy resources

MJ 52 0.81 5.3 0.82 1.3x10-2 3.8x10-2 8.0x10-2 MND

% 88% 1.4% 9.0% 1.4% 0.02% 0.06% 0.14%





materials






materials




MJ 1,100 44 75 69 1.3 8.8 2.3 MND

% 84% 3.4% 6.0% 5.4% 0.10% 0.70% 0.19%


% 0.00% 0.00% 100% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%






MND % 95% 1.0% 2.9% 1.1% 0.02% 0.07% 0.20%

WASTE FLOWS


MND % 88% 1.8% 7.3% 2.5% 0.04% 0.19% 0.23%


MND % 34% 5.5% 2.2% 16% 1.8% 0.19% 40%


(high-level)

kg 1.7x10-4 4.2x10-6 1.0x10-5 4.0x10-6 6.2x10-8 2.0x10-7 2.7x10-7 MND

% 90% 2.2% 5.2% 2.1% 0.03% 0.11% 0.14%


(low-level)

kg 1.2x10-3 2.7x10-4 2.4x10-5 4.4x10-4 8.4x10-6 5.9x10-5 1.2x10-5 MND

% 59% 13% 1.2% 22% 0.42% 3.0% 0.59%



MND % 0.00% 0.00% 39% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 61%





Neg. = Negligible


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21


6. LCA: Interpretation

In general, the Raw Material Extraction and Processing (A1) life cycle phase is the largest contributor to the impact indicators

evaluated, followed by Manufacturing (A3); and Delivery and Installation (A4-A5) phases. Extraction and processing of steel

and plastic components are the main contributors to the Raw Material Extraction and Processing phase while impact

contributions for the Manufacturing phase are primarily due to electricity use. The Disposal stage contributes only minimally

over the 15 year product lifetime.

7. Additional Environmental Information

KI Ruckus seating products included in this EPD are 3rd party certified level® 2.

KI supports a healthy indoor environment through emissions testing. KI Ruckus

seating products are certified Indoor Advantage™ Gold, qualify for LEED low-emitting

materials credits, comply with ANSI/BIFMA X7.1/M7.1, and meet CA 01350 air

emissions requirements.


………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22


8. References

BIFMA x5.1. American National Standard for Office Furnishings – General Purpose Office Chairs – Tests.

CML-IA Characterization Factors. Institute of Environmental Sciences. Leiden University. Netherlands.

Ecoinvent Centre (2016) Ecoinvent data from v3.3. Swiss Center for Life Cycle Inventories, Dubendorf, 2016,

http://www.ecoinvent.org

Ecoinvent Centre (2015) Ecoinvent data from v2.2. Swiss Center for Life Cycle Inventories, Dubendorf, 2015,

http://www.ecoinvent.org

ISO 14025: 2006 Environmental labels and declarations – Type III environmental declarations – Principles and

Procedures

ISO 14040: 2006 Environmental Management – Life cycle assessment – Principles and framework

ISO 14044: 2006 Environmental Management – Life cycle assessment – Requirements and Guidelines

Product Category Rules According to ISO 14025. NPCR 003:2015 Seating. Version 2.1 The Norwegian EPD

Foundation. 2015.

SCS Global Services. Life Cycle Assessment of KI Seating Products. August 2019. Final Report. Prepared for KI..

SCS Type III Environmental Declaration Program: Program Operator Manual v10.0. April 2019. SCS Global

Services

Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts (TRACI). Version 2.1. US

Environmental Production Agency.

US EPA. Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2015 Fact Sheet. Assessing Trends in Material

Generation, Recycling and Disposal in the United States. July 2018.

https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-

7/documents/2015_smm_msw_factsheet_07242018_fnl_508_002.pdf.

US EPA. WARM Model Transportation Research - Draft. Memorandum from ICF Consulting to United States

Environmental Protection Agency. September 7, 2004.

http://epa.gov/epawaste/conserve/tools/warm/SWMGHGreport.html#background.


SCS Global Services

2000 Powell Street, Ste. 600, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA

Main +1.50.452.8000 | fax +1.510.452.8001

For more information contact:

KI

1330 Bellevue Street, Green Bay, WI

800.424.2432 | www.ki.com | [email protected]

http://www.ki.com/

Documents

Environmental Product Declaration KI | Ruckus · The KI Ruckus seating products are manufactured at an ISO 9001 facility in Green Bay, Wisconsin. A description of each product included