ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 2011 - laeisz.de · Environmental Report 2011 Page 2 of 20 July 2012 Extract from the company principles We protect the environment. By our strong conviction

Environmental Report 2011 Page 1 of 20 July 2012

ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT

2011


Extract from the company principles We protect the environment. By our strong conviction it is a foremost law to preserve our natural foundation of life. It includes the purity of oceans and shores and the preservation of their surrounding landscapes. We are aware of our common responsibility for our future, and therefore we act accordingly.

As the first German shipping company we were certified with the Environment Management System according to DIN EN ISO 14001 in 1997. .


Index of contents

1. Principles

4

2. Input-Output-Balance 2011

4

3. Summary of essential results

5

4. Environmental impacts in detail

7

1. Environmental aspects - Fleet 7 1. Consumption of resources 7 1. Fuel oil consumption 7 1. Consumption - total 7 2. Consumption - specific 9 a) Cargo quantity 9 b) Specific fuel oil consumption

(for VCS, bulk vessels and gas tanker in g/TNm)9

c) Fuel oil consumption (t) per transported cargo (t) 10 2. Lubricating oil 10 2. Emissions to the atmosphere 11 1. CO2 11 a) Emission - total 11 b) Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI in g CO2 / TNm)

(Specific emissions for selected vessel types)11

2. Gaseous emissions (except for CO2 and HC) 12 a) Emissions - total 12 b) Emissions - specific 12 c) Development of the medial sulphur content in fuel oil (2006 - 2011) 13 3. Emissions of refrigerant gases (such as R22, R134a, R404a) 13 4. Incineration of sludge 14 3. Emissions to the sea 15 1. Oily waste water - Bilge water 15 2. Ballast water 15 3. Gray and black water 15 4. Garbage 16 4. Disposals to shore 16 1. Sludge 16 2. Garbage 16 2. Environmental aspects - Shore 17 1. Paper consumption 17 2. Company cars 17 5. The next steps - Where have we come from and where do we want to go?

18

Appendices

Table 1 - Basic data Table 2 - Specific fuel consumption - EEOI Table 3 - Exhaust gases from ships operation Table 4 - Oily waters / Sewage + Gray water / Ballast water Table 5 - Garbage Abbreviations and definitions


1. Principles The operation of seagoing vessels, the cargo transportation as well as the work at the shore side facilities are involved with impairing effects on the environment. Being aware of this fact, our shipping company admits its responsibility for the protection of environment from the environmental impairments caused by the company’s business activities. The shipping company undertakes to adhere to all relevant national and international laws and regulations in the field of environmental protection. Duties resulting from such laws and regulations will be fulfilled with a high quality and, whenever practicable, implemented before they come into effect. In addition, the shipping company undertakes to deal with environmentally relevant individual problems and their implementation on a voluntary basis and in dependence on the economical feasibility and to implement the solutions for such problems. For this purpose, all activities and services are continuously inspected for their direct and indirect environmental impacts and the local, regional and global environmental aspects are included here. 2. Input-Output-Balance 2011


3. Summary of essential results

- A total of approximately 643.000 metric tons of fuel (HFO and MDO) were consumed on board the ships. In contrast to 2006, this is a reduction in the quantity used of about 214.000 tonnes (see Section 4.1.1.1 for details).

-25%

857.000 (HFO + MDO)

643.000 t (HFO + MDO)

2006

2011

- A total of 2.004.696 tonnes of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) was released during

shipping operations. That is about 700.000 tons less than in 2006. The CO2 footprint of our shipping company has therefore been reduced by about 25% (see Section 4.1.2.1 for details).

-25%

2.704.000 t

2.004.696 t

2006

2011

- The absolute emitted quantities of sulphur dioxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons and soot were also considerably reduced when compared with the previous years, e.g. 33.840 tonnes SOx were emitted in 2011 against 56.325 tonnes in 2006 - almost 23.000 tonnes more (see Section 4.1.2.2 for further details).

2006

2011

SOx -40%

-25%

-25%

22.500 t less

NOx 18.200 t less

CO 1.940 t less


- The annual consumption of lubricating oil per ship was reduced by 21% compared with 2008

(see 4.1.1.2 for details).

-21%

153,1 t

120,8 t

2008

2011

- The annual consumption of refrigeration gases per ship has been reduced by almost 30 kg

since introduction of the refrigeration media management plan at the beginning of 2009. For the shipping company as a whole, the reduction in the consumption of these greenhouse gases has an effect equivalent to about 1.000 tonnes CO2 (see Section 4.1.2.3 for details).

-8,5%

12.000 t

11.000 t

Ø 2006 - 2008

Ø 2009 - 2011 - The on-board incineration of oil sludge has been continuously reduced from 1.206 tonnes in

2006 to 632 tonnes in 2011 - a reduction of around 48%. This meant approx. 1.800 tonnes less CO2 emitted (see Section 4.1.2.4 for details).

-48%

3.750 t

1.965 t

2006

2011


- Improvements in on-board ballast water management have meant that a total of around 3 million tonnes less ballast water had to be replaced in 2011 as in 2006 (a reduction of 41%) (see Section 4.1.3.2 for details).

-41%

7,2 Mio. t

4,2 Mio. t

2006

2011

- The introduction of electronic document archiving has meant an annual saving in paper on

shore of 1.3 tonnes compared with 2006 (see Section 4.2.1).

4.096 kg

-34%

2.701 kg

2006

2011


4. Environmental impacts in detail 4.1 Environmental aspects - Fleet 4.1.1 Consumption of resources 4.1.1.1 Fuel oil consumption 4.1.1.1.1 Consumption - total

Year Vessels Fuel oil consumption per year (t)

Total HFO MDO Quantity

(total per vessel) 2006 40 857.939 839.594 18.345 21.448

2007 44 850.902 828.735 22.167 19.339

2008 43 790.240 767.662 22.578 18.378

2009 43 608.091 585.403 22.688 14.142

2010 47 698.933 672.176 26.757 14.871

2011 45 643.211 616.576 26.635 14.294

0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

900.000

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fuel oil consumption per year (t)

Consumption rate MDO (t) Consumption rate HFO (t)

21.448

19.339 18.378

14.142 14.871 14.294

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Fuel oil consumption per vessel (t)


4.1.1.1.2 Consumption - specific

a. Cargo quantity

Year Vessels Cargo quantity per year (t)

Total Cargo Total Bulk Gas VCS PCTC RoPax

2006 40 38 20.629.242 6.667.352 1.080.037 12.268.714 0 613.139

2007 44 42 20.912.091 5.260.409 1.168.727 12.173.368 0 2.309.587

2008 43 41 24.344.538 7.055.661 999.882 14.008.395 0 2.280.600

2009 43 41 16.747.898 4.934.266 903.677 9.366.986 9.220 1.533.749

2010 47 45 22.196.161 6.017.215 1.011.938 14.210.560 73.449 882.999

2011 45 43 22.053.777 5.268.346 1.138.701 13.358.406 132.858 2.155.466

b. Specific fuel oil consumption (for container vessels, bulker and gas tanker in g/TNm)

0

2.000.000

4.000.000

6.000.000

8.000.000

10.000.000

12.000.000

14.000.000

16.000.000

Bulk Gas VCS PCTC RoPax

Cargo quantity (t)

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

0,450,5

0,41

0,91

0,450,41

0,17 0,20,15

0,22 0,22 0,19

0,29 0,28

0,37

0,52

0,32 0,29

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

VCS Bulker Gas tanker

Remark: The situation was very difficult in 2009,

especially for the container vessels (insufficient cargo, laid-up ships)

caused by the world economic crisis.


c. Fuel oil consumption (t) per transported cargo (t)

Year

Quantity (t) Fuel oil per

cargo Cargo per vessel

Fuel oil per vessel

2006 542.875 21.448 0,040

2007 497.907 19.339 0,039

2008 593.769 18.378 0,031

2009 408.485 14.142 0,035

2010 493.248 14.871 0,030

2011 512.879 14.294 0,028

4.1.1.2 Lubricating oil

0,020

0,025

0,030

0,035

0,040

0,045

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Used fuel oil quantity (t) per transported metric ton cargo

Total VCS4350 VCS4500

2008 153,1 217 229,4

2011 120,8 180,5 173,6

153,1

217 229,4

120,8

180,5 173,6

0

50

100

150

200

250

Qu

anti

ty (

t)

Medial consumption (t) per vessel

-21,1%

-16,4% -23,1%

Remark:Systems for the monitoring and/or more rational use of lubricating oils were installed on a total of 17 ships in the years 2008 to 2011. The results are shown by the values in the figure. "Slow-Steaming", which had been introduced in container ships in the interim, naturally also made a contribution to this.


4.1.2 Emissions to the atmosphere 4.1.2.1 CO2

a. Emissions - total

b. Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI in g CO2 / TNm) (Specific emissions for selected vessel types)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

CO2 - total (t) 2.704.374 2.647.636 2.459.033 1.892.527 2.175.286 2.004.696

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

CO

2 Q

uan

tity

( t

)

Development of CO2 Emissions 2006 - 2011 (RFL - total)

Remark:Reduction approximately 700.000 t (about 25 %) !

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

VCS 1,40 1,56 1,28 2,84 1,40 1,28

Bulker 0,53 0,62 0,47 0,69 0,69 0,59

Gas tanker 0,90 0,87 1,15 1,62 1,00 0,90

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

EE

OI -

En

erg

y E

ffic

ien

cy O

per

atio

nal

Ind

ex

Medial specific CO2-Emissions - EEOI (g CO2/TNm)


4.1.2.2 Gaseous emissions (except for CO2 and HC)

Year Quantity (t) Specific Emissions (mg/TNm)

SOx NOx CO SOx NOx CO

2006 56.325 71.608 7.703 24,1 32 3,4

2007 48.821 70.921 7.636 22,2 32,2 3,5

2008 46.467 65.816 7.090 20,4 36,7 2,9

2009 33.425 50.512 5.450 20,4 32,2 3,5

2010 38.121 58.041 6.264 20,4 29,6 3,2

2011 33.840 53.364 5.762 19 29,9 3,2

Difference 2011 : 2006

-22.485 -18.244 -1.941 -5,1 -2,1 -0,2

ca. - 40% -25,50% -25,20% -21,20% -6,40% -5,90%

a. Emissions - total

b. Emissions – specific

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

SOx NOx CO

Qu

anti

ty (

t)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Specific Emissions (mg/TNm) SOx

Specific Emissions (mg/TNm) NOx

Specific Emissions (mg/TNm) CO


c. Development of the medial sulphur content in fuel oils (2006 - 2011)

4.1.2.3 Emissions of refrigerant gases (such as R22, R134a, R404a)

Year Annual sum on average

RFL - total (kg) Annual consumption on average per vessel (kg)

Ø 2006 - 2008 4400 120

Ø 2009 - 2011 3795 91,5

The refrigeration gases released in 2011 correspond to a total CO2 equivalent of about 11.000 tonnes (compared with 12.000 tonnes in 2006).

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

HFO - Sulphur concentration (%) MDO - Sulphur concentration (%)

Difference approx. . -0,3%

Difference approx. . -0,4%

44003795

Annual sum on average for RFL - total (kg)

Remark:The total annual consumption has dropped by about 600 kg since the introduction of the Refrigerant Management Plan (RMP) in 2009.

120

91,5

Annual consumption on average per vessel

(kg)

Remark: The average consumption per vessel dropped by 28.5 kg.


The R22 gas that is still being used on older ships is classified as damaging to the ozone layer and is therefore being replaced step-by-step on our ships. The quantity released in 2011 (675 kg) was only a fifth of that released in 2006.

4.1.2.4 Incineration of sludge

The distinct reduction in the incineration of oil sludge over the period considered to almost half of the 2006 figure can be clearly seen. Incineration in 2011 released about 2.000 tonnes CO2. In 2006 it was 3.800 tonnes.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

R22 3147 2669 2266 1710 1184 675

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n r

ate

(kg

)

Development of the consumption rate of R22

1.204

1.024

807

788

859

632

400

500

600

700

800

900

1.000

1.100

1.200

1.300

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Inci

ner

atio

n o

f sl

ud

ge

abo

ard

-q

uan

tity

(m

³)


4.1.3 Emissions in the sea 4.1.3.1 Oily waste water - Bilge water Equipment installed on board the ships for the removal of oil from bilge water (max. 15 ppm residual oil) treated a total of 17.377 m³ oily water (see Attachment, Table 4 for details). 4.1.3.2 Ballast water

The environmentally-relevant effects of this reduction lie in the fuel savings for operating the BW-pumps and the direct reduction in CO2 emissions due to that as well as the reduction in the risk of spreading foreign organisms due to the replacement of ballast water (see Attachment, Table 4 for details). 4.1.3.3 Gray and Black water The total quantity of gray water and black water produced was 115,963 m³. This is divided into 18,932 m³ black water that is treated in the on-board waste water processing systems before being discharged into the sea, and 97.031 m³ gray water (see Attachment, Table 4 for details).

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Quantity (total) 7,22 5,53 6,73 4,55 4,84 4,21

Bulker 3,65 2,85 4,27 2,89 3,46 2,78

VCS 3,53 2,26 2,06 1,26 1,2 1,11

Other 0,04 0,42 0,4 0,39 0,17 0,31

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Qu

anti

ty (

Mio

. To

ns)

Development of the exchanged ballast water quantityRemark:The reduction in quantity is essentially due to the better BW-management on board the VCS’s.


4.1.3.4 Garbage

A total of 770 m³ garbage was discharged into the sea in accordance with MARPOL regulations, Annex 5, (see Attachment here, Table 5 for further details). 4.1.4 Disposals to shore 4.1.4.1 Sludge

In 2011, a total of 14.036 m³ oil sludge was produced on board our ships. Of that, 95,5% was disposed of on land. The basic orientation towards on-shore disposal of oil sludge using certified disposal companies leads to a further increase in this type of disposal (see Attachment, Table 4, for further details). 4.1.4.2 Garbage The amount of ship refuse disposed of on shore or incinerated on board was 4.309 m³ in 2011. That is 84.8% of the total quantity and is about the same as in previous years (see Attachment, Table 5, for further details).

119,4

125

307,5

216,8

1,9

Waste dumping to the sea accordingMARPOL garbage category (m³)

85

87

89

91

93

95

97

99

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Sh

ore

dis

po

sal -

per

cen

tag

e (%

)

Category 6 - Incinerator ash

Category 5 - Food waste

Category 4 - Cargo residues, paper, glass, metal etc.

Category 3 - Ground paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery etc.

Category 2 - Floating dunnage, lining, packaging materials etc.


4.2 Environmental aspects - Shore 4.2.1 Paper consumption The paper consumption in offices was continuously reduced to a total of 2.701 kg, or 57.5 kg per ship. The introduction of the electronic archiving system is clearly noticeable here.

4.2.2 Company cars The following fuel types and quantities were required for company vehicles in 2011:

Sum Petrol

(l)Diesel

(l) total thereof E10

Consumption 31.911 5.032 22.576 Annual sum 54.487

The pollution emissions resulting from this:

Fuel Mileage

(km)

Noxious emissions (rounded)

Kind Average

consumption l / 100 km

CO2

(kg) NOx

(kg) CO (kg)

HC (kg)

Soot (kg)

Benzene (kg)

Petrol 10 320.000 76.586 19 (1 13,5 162 4 4 Diesel 8 282.200 58.698 110 (2 n.a.

Annual sum 602.200 135.284 129 13,5 162 4 4

(1) - per km emissions of approximately 0,06 g NOx (2) - per km emissions of approximately 0,39 g NOx

0500

10001500200025003000350040004500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Paper consumption (on shore total in kg)

50

60

70

80

90

100

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Paper consumption(on shore per vessel in kg)


5. The next steps: Where have we come from and where do we want to go?

2007

TBT-free antifouling coating systems on all ships

Introduction of new BWMP on all ships in compliance with IMO Guideline G4 Voluntary implementation of the IMO Guideline on CO2 indexing (MEPC Circ. 417)

2008

Introduction of refrigerant management plans on all ships

Introduction of electronic document archiving in the on-shore area of the shipping company Development of a new software tool for the evaluation of fuel consumption

2009

Retro-fitting of 13 VCS’s with Alpha Lubricator to economise on lubricating oil

All BWMP are acknowledged by the classification bodies

Replacement of R22 by more environment-friendly refrigerants on the research ships

2010

Retro-fitting of 16 ships with monitoring technology for determining the optimum amount of lubrication Replacement of R22 by environment-friendly refrigerants on a further 3 ships Revision of the environmental documentation/organisation of the shipping company

2011

Modification of the injection nozzles on the VCS’s to reduce NOx, CO and particulate emissions Improvement in the emergency organisation by the introduction of a Nuclear Emergency Response Plan on all ships

Optimisation of the fans on PCTCs with the aim of saving fuel

Active participation in all programmes for fuel saving within the framework of “Slow Steaming”

2012

Determination of the EEOI for all ships in management

Processing of the ship-specific SEEMP for all ships

2013

Introduction of SEEMP on all ships

Compilation of “Inventory of Hazardous Materials” in accordance with the Hong Kong Convention 2009

2014

Retrofitting of ships concerned with systems for treatment of ballast water in accordance with the BW Convention

2015

Use of fuels with a maximum sulphur content of 0.1% in SECA‘s

2016

Retrofitting of all ships with systems for treatment of ballast water in accordance with the BW Convention


Acknowledgment It is not possible to put such a report together on one’s own. I would therefore like to thank all those involved on board our ships and on land who took part directly and indirectly in the various projects, for the groundwork which was the basis for this report and for the large amount of advice given. In the years to come, this commitment will also be necessary to the same or even greater extent to meet the constantly growing requirements. I look forward to our working together again for the benefit of our shipping company and the environment.

Uwe Hauer


Appendices

Environmental Report 2011 ‐ Appendix ‐ Table 1 ‐ Basic data Page 1 of 1 July 2012

Table 1 : Basic data

Vessel Total mileage (sm)

Transported cargo (t)

Crew (on average aboard including

passengers)

Bulk Vessel + Tanker

BW Havlys 51.868 474.431 20 BW Hesiod 93.244 319.479 22 BW Herdis 88.632 344.791 22 Pasadena 67.880 1.057.212 27 Patagonia 63.493 1.053.301 23 Peene Ore 64.942 1.528.533 30

Piro 50.468 498.704 26 Powhatan 64.528 716.655 23 Premnitz 60.534 413.941 21

Container Vessel

Pembroke 95.758 347.587 22 Perla 58.236 412.278 18

Pontremoli 84.727 567.445 21 Philadelphia 125.325 555.907 22

Phoenix 124.144 545.077 23 Praha 111.363 457.739 23

Pretoria 113.124 407.837 22 Potsdam 65.369 254.892 21 Pommern 81.365 471.272 21

Pona 91.098 630.615 20 Porto 114.386 360.187 21 Posen 97.293 1.201.299 21 Priwall 81.460 473.678 20

Pontresina 110.909 339.735 21 Port Said 102.027 218.077 19 Palermo 67.193 363.131 23 Paradip 80.188 639.620 24 Peking 86.524 312.039 24 Penang 83.038 407.804 24 Pohang 70.838 494.491 22 Portland 89.903 365.856 23 Portugal 102.176 656.292 22 Pudong 84.094 938.667 25

Pugwash 84.748 606.275 22 Punjab 95.935 623.081 23 Pusan 103.744 513.358 22

Cove Island 73.914 194.166 17

Ro/Pax Vessel

Transeuropa 84.716 917.073 45 Translubeca 81.325 405.140 38 Transrussia 77.287 833.253 57

PCTC

Paganella 108.134 29.357 22 Paganino 102.728 30.405 21

Paglia 98.409 38.023 22 Pagna 96.484 35.073 22

Research Vessel

Polarstern 44.763 0 91 Meteor 40.265 0 64

Annual sum 3.818.579 22.053.777 1.182

Environmental Report 2011 ‐ Appendix ‐ Table 2 ‐ EEOI Page 1 of 1 July 2012

Table 2 : Specific fuel consumption - EEOI

Vessel

Total mileage (Nautical Miles - Nm)

Transported cargo

(Metric tons - t)

Tons*Nautical Miles (t * Nm)

Total fuel consumption HFO + MDO (t)

EEOI (Tons CO2 /

Tons*Nautical Miles)

Bulk Vessel + Tanker 605.589 6.407.048 419.334.062.217 84.600 7,05E-07

BW Havlys 51.868 474.431 24.607.787.108 4.281 5,44E-07 BW Hesiod 93.244 319.479 29.789.499.876 9.903 1,04E-06 BW Herdis 88.632 344.791 30.559.557.569 11.117 1,13E-06 Pasadena 67.880 1.057.212 71.763.550.560 10.039 4,36E-07 Patagonia 63.493 1.053.301 66.877.240.393 10.395 4,84E-07 Peene Ore 64.942 1.528.533 99.265.990.086 17.309 5,43E-07

Piro 50.468 498.704 25.168.593.472 5.576 6,90E-07 Powhatan 64.528 716.655 46.244.313.840 8.937 6,02E-07 Premnitz 60.534 413.941 25.057.529.313 7.043 8,76E-07

Container Vessel 2.478.879 13.358.406 1.238.099.379.046 473.529 1,27E-06 Pembroke 95.758 347.587 33.284.235.946 11.987 1,12E-06

Perla 58.236 412.278 24.009.421.608 6.065 7,88E-07 Pontremoli 84.727 567.445 48.077.912.515 13.190 8,54E-07

Philadelphia 125.325 555.907 69.669.044.775 31.598 1,41E-06 Phoenix 124.144 545.077 67.668.039.088 31.117 1,43E-06 Praha 111.363 457.739 50.975.210.530 25.710 1,57E-06

Pretoria 113.124 407.837 46.136.152.788 26.417 1,06E-06 Potsdam 65.369 254.892 16.662.035.148 11.884 2,22E-06 Pommern 81.365 471.272 38.345.046.280 15.004 1,22E-06

Pona 91.098 630.615 57.447.765.270 13.832 7,50E-07 Porto 114.386 360.187 41.200.350.182 17.008 1,29E-06 Posen 97.293 1.201.299 116.877.983.607 15.693 4,18E-07 Priwall 81.460 473.678 38.585.809.880 11.016 8,90E-07

Pontresina 110.909 339.735 37.679.669.115 19.542 1,62E-06 Port Said 102.027 218.077 22.249.752.282 10.823 1,39E-06 Palermo 67.193 363.131 24.399.861.283 9.511 1,21E-06 Paradip 80.188 639.620 51.289.848.560 11.884 7,22E-07 Peking 86.524 312.039 26.998.862.436 20.699 2,37E-06 Penang 83.038 407.804 33.863.228.552 19.828 1,82E-06 Pohang 70.838 494.491 35.028.753.458 15.627 1,39E-06 Portland 89.903 365.856 32.891.551.968 21.605 2,05E-06 Portugal 102.176 656.292 67.057.291.392 19.805 9,20E-07 Pudong 84.094 938.667 78.936.262.698 21.902 8,65E-07

Pugwash 84.748 606.275 51.380.593.700 17.713 1,07E-06 Punjab 95.935 623.081 59.775.275.735 22.705 1,18E-06 Pusan 103.744 513.358 53.257.812.352 25.858 1,51E-06

Cove Island 73.914 194.166 14.351.607.898 5.506 1,20E-06 Ro/Pax Vessel 232.526 1.432.559 111.699.243.009 35.577 1,50E-06

Transeuropa 73.914 194.166 14.351.607.898 13.659 2,97E-06 Translubeca 81.325 405.140 32.948.010.500 9.898 9,39E-07 Transrussia 77.287 833.253 64.399.624.611 12.020 5,82E-07

PCTC 405.755 132.858 13.423.721.951 37.811 8,84E-06 Paganella 108.134 29.357 3.174.489.838 9.525 9,34E-06 Paganino 102.728 30.405 3.123.444.840 10.029 1,00E-05

Paglia 98.409 38.023 3.741.842.534 9.179 7,64E-06 Pagna 96.484 35.073 3.383.944.738 9.079 8,36E-06

Research Vessel Polarstern 1) 2) 44.763 0 0 9.651 n.a.

Meteor 1) 2) 40.265 0 0 2.243 n.a.

Annual sum 3.807.777 21.330.871 1.782.556.406.222 643.411 1,12E-06 3)

Legend: 1) - only MDO

2) - no cargo transport, therefor reference value for specific consumption= fuel per driven route unit (kg/Nm)

3) - without research vessels

3.722.749,20 631.517

Environmental Report 2011 - Appendix - Table 3 - Exhaust gases from ships operation Page 1 of 2 July 2012

Table 3 : Exhaust gases from ships operation

Vessel Fuel consumption Kind of emission and quantity (t)

Total (t)

HFO (t)

Sulphur content (%)

MDO (t)

Sulphur content (%) SO2 NOx CO2 CO HC Soot


BW Havlys 4.281,00 3.404,00 1,00 877,00 0,06 72,59 337,68 13.381,51 37,65 10,88 1,36

BW Hesiod 9.902,70 9.848,00 2,70 54,70 0,10 558,50 830,46 30.844,01 89,07 24,77 3,10

BW Herdis 11.116,60 11.001,60 2,53 115,00 0,09 584,73 930,92 34.627,93 99,93 27,81 3,48

Pasadena 10.039,20 10.039,20 2,51 0,00 0,00 529,17 843,29 31.266,08 90,35 25,10 3,14

Patagonia 10.394,78 10.394,80 3,15 0,00 0,00 687,62 873,16 32.373,57 93,55 25,99 3,25

Peene Ore 17.309,14 16.971,87 2,73 337,27 0,78 978,52 1.445,54 53.926,34 155,44 43,34 5,42

Piro 5.575,70 5.514,60 2,73 61,10 1,00 317,44 466,83 17.368,36 50,12 13,95 1,74

Powhatan 8.937,40 8.640,00 2,17 297,40 0,10 394,35 743,31 27.851,17 80,14 22,40 2,80

Premnitz 7.043,00 6.970,00 2,30 73,00 0,10 336,80 589,79 21.938,78 63,31 17,62 2,20

Container Vessel

Pembroke 11.987,10 10.862,70 2,57 1.124,40 0,11 588,86 978,81 37.395,14 106,76 30,19 3,77

Perla 6.065,30 5.616,60 3,20 448,70 1,30 389,69 498,27 18.914,72 54,14 15,25 1,91

Pontremoli 13.189,60 13.173,70 2,58 15,90 0,50 713,92 1.107,53 41.078,57 118,69 32,98 4,12

Philadelphia 31.598,10 30.958,80 2,60 639,30 0,70 1.699,75 2.638,26 98.444,67 283,74 79,12 9,89

Phoenix 31.117,30 30.640,00 3,05 477,30 0,31 1.965,60 2.601,92 96.938,26 279,58 77,89 9,74

Praha 25.710,15 25.088,15 2,72 622,00 0,29 1.436,82 2.144,10 80.106,27 230,77 64,40 8,05

Pretoria 26.417,00 25.896,00 3,09 521,00 0,39 1.684,66 2.206,00 82.302,07 237,23 66,15 8,27

Potsdam 11.884,20 11.807,50 2,52 76,70 0,47 625,61 996,36 37.016,42 106,88 29,73 3,72

Pommern 15.004,28 14.880,73 2,78 123,55 0,66 870,45 1.257,27 46.736,20 134,91 37,54 4,69

Pona 13.831,60 13.780,90 3,20 50,70 1,10 927,25 1.160,59 43.079,95 124,43 34,59 4,32

Porto 17.008,00 16.826,10 2,30 181,90 0,09 813,04 1.424,12 52.979,83 152,89 42,56 5,32

Posen 15.692,90 15.675,90 2,65 17,00 1,89 873,04 1.317,78 48.874,91 141,22 39,24 4,90

Priwall 11.016,30 10.571,30 2,72 445,00 0,10 604,77 914,24 34.333,91 98,70 27,63 3,45

Pontresina 19.541,90 19.497,00 2,60 44,90 0,50 1.065,01 1.640,40 60.863,79 175,83 48,86 6,11

Port Said 10.822,70 10.718,80 2,99 103,90 0,27 673,62 906,51 33.711,99 97,30 27,08 3,38

Palermo 9.511,30 9.511,30 2,55 0,00 0,00 509,33 798,95 29.621,99 85,60 23,78 2,97

Paradip 11.884,00 11.682,60 2,45 201,40 0,06 601,32 993,22 37.022,73 106,75 29,75 3,72

Peking 20.698,90 20.034,00 2,71 464,90 0,27 1.142,77 1.710,29 63.867,62 184,03 51,34 6,42

Penang 19.828,00 19.663,00 3,18 165,00 0,96 1.316,42 1.661,43 61.761,50 178,29 49,60 6,20

Pohang 15.626,70 15.428,00 2,53 198,70 0,10 820,11 1.307,68 48.678,84 140,44 39,11 4,89

Environmental Report 2011 - Appendix - Table 3 - Exhaust gases from ships operation Page 2 of 2 July 2012

Vessel Fuel consumption Kind of emission and quantity (t)

Total (t)

HFO (t)

Sulphur content (%)

MDO (t)

Sulphur content (%) SO2 NOx CO2 CO HC Soot

Portland 21.604,80 21.372,50 3,21 232,30 0,03 1.440,87 1.809,00 67.298,91 194,21 54,06 6,76

Portugal 19.805,06 19.600,06 1,96 205,00 0,08 807,08 1.658,50 61.692,28 178,04 49,55 6,19

Pudong 21.902,40 21.220,00 2,06 682,40 0,22 921,13 1.822,74 68.250,78 196,44 54,89 6,86

Pugwash 17.713,00 17.543,60 2,38 169,40 0,10 877,18 1.483,66 55.174,79 159,25 44,32 5,54

Punjab 22.704,90 22.619,80 2,40 85,10 0,10 1.140,22 1.905,08 70.716,87 204,26 56,78 7,10

Pusan 25.857,50 25.478,20 3,52 379,30 0,21 1.885,02 2.162,55 80.551,69 232,34 64,72 8,09

Cove Island 5.506,40 4.952,70 2,80 553,70 0,10 292,38 448,70 17.179,92 49,00 13,88 1,73

Ro/Pax Vessel Transeuropa 13.658,90 11.980,40 0,92 1.678,50 0,04 232,87 1.105,39 42.632,60 121,25 34,48 4,31

Translubeca 9.898,00 8.074,00 1,20 1.824,00 0,10 207,30 785,83 30.927,75 87,26 25,11 3,14

Transrussia 12.020,00 10.870,00 0,84 1.150,00 0,04 192,71 980,93 37.499,03 107,03 30,28 3,79

PCTC Paganella 9.524,50 9.524,20 2,45 0,30 0,29 490,02 800,05 29.663,12 85,72 23,81 2,98

Paganino 10.029,30 10.027,40 2,76 1,90 0,20 581,20 842,41 31.235,36 90,26 25,07 3,13

Paglia 9.178,70 9.142,00 2,00 36,70 0,08 384,03 770,09 28.588,18 82,57 22,95 2,87

Pagna 9.078,60 9.074,00 2,50 4,60 1,20 476,50 762,49 28.274,65 81,70 22,70 2,84

Research Vessel

Polarstern 9.650,70 0 0 9.650,70 0,62 125,65 569,39 30.592,72 77,21 26,06 3,26

Meteor 2.243,00 0 0 2.243,00 0,09 4,24 132,34 7.110,31 17,94 6,06 0,76

Annual sum 643.410,61 616.576,01 2,51 26.634,62 0,351 33.840,14 53.363,83 2.004.696,07 5.762,26 1.613,35 201,67

Environmental Report 2011 - Appendix - Table 4 - Oily waters / Sewage + Gray water / Ballast water Page 1 of 2 July 2012

Table 4 : Oily waters / Sewage + Gray water / Ballast water

Vessel

Oily waste water Crew (including

passengers)

Person related waste water (m³) Ballast water

(m³) Sludge/ Slop

(m³) Sludge / Percentage

of fuel (%) incinerated

(m³) Disposal shore

(m³) Disposal BWTP

(m³)

Sewage (Black water)

Gray water

Sum of Sewage + Gray Water

Liter per person and day


BW Havlys 746,5 6,91 0 296,0 450,5 20 300 2.437 2.737 374,93 313.889

BW Hesiod 508,3 1,78 176 0,0 332,3 22 150 2.000 2.150 267,75 81.325

BW Herdis 460,9 1,06 111,2 7,0 342,7 22 145 1.850 1.995 248,44 172.907

Pasadena 437,5 2,28 23,4 205,7 208,4 27 211 2.810 3.021 306,54 375.151

Patagonia 672,5 2,96 47,9 260,1 364,5 23 240 2.850 3.090 368,08 448.956

Peene Ore 1447,6 1,31 38,69 187,3 1221,6 30 150 3.000 3.150 287,67 872.337

Piro 205,7 1,52 48,1 36,8 120,8 26 480 2.920 3.400 358,27 111.241

Powhatan 180,9 0,94 52 32,2 96,7 23 200 3.400 3.600 428,83 274.720

Premnitz 218,6 1,39 14,2 84,0 120,4 21 110 2.000 2.110 275,28 128.871

Container Vessel

Pembroke 664,9 4,26 0 511,1 153,8 22 185 1.900 2.085 259,65 35.232

Perla 308,1 3,10 0 188,1 120,0 18 730 1.100 1.830 278,54 27.307

Pontremoli 847,8 2,50 0 329,1 518,7 21 615 1.900 2.515 328,11 36.202

Philadelphia 1100,7 1,12 0 353,5 747,2 22 600 3.112 3.712 462,27 22.864

Phoenix 837,0 1,07 0 333,7 512,0 23 420 1.600 2.020 240,62 38.027

Praha 923,2 1,36 0 350,7 572,5 23 153 3.103 3.256 387,83 73.824

Pretoria 801,5 1,39 0 367,7 433,8 22 278 3.301 3.579 445,70 58.567

Potsdam 1079,2 3,55 0 422,0 657,2 21 767 1.240 2.007 261,77 68.357

Pommern 912,1 2,95 0 443,3 468,8 21 1.000 1.500 2.500 326,16 17.488

Pona 423,9 1,70 0 235,4 188,5 20 375 1.080 1.455 199,32 47.350

Porto 271,7 0,83 44,5 96,1 131,1 21 250 710 960 125,24 19.930

Posen 354,3 1,09 0 171,2 183,1 21 850 1.800 2.650 345,73 73.202

Priwall 809,6 4,24 0 467,6 342,0 20 950 2.050 3.000 410,96 85.191

Pontresina 812,0 2,02 0 395,1 416,9 21 380 1.150 1.530 199,61 72.209

Port Said 405,5 2,18 0 235,5 170,0 19 150 1.600 1.750 252,34 43.397

Palermo 558,3 2,47 0 234,8 323,5 23 365 1.200 1.565 186,42 21.985

Paradip 611,3 2,83 0 335,8 275,5 24 300 2.100 2.400 273,97 18.294

Environmental Report 2011 - Appendix - Table 4 - Oily waters / Sewage + Gray water / Ballast water Page 2 of 2 July 2012

Vessel

Oily waste water Crew (including

passengers)

Person related waste water (m³) Ballast water

(m³) Sludge/ Slop

(m³) Sludge / Percentage

of fuel (%) incinerated

(m³) Disposal shore

(m³) Disposal BWTP

(m³)

Sewage (Black water)

Gray water

Sum of Sewage + Gray Water

Liter per person and day

Peking 1059,7 2,04 0 423,0 636,7 24 255 2.600 2.855 325,91 33.953

Penang 1042,9 2,64 0 523,6 519,3 24 300 1.580 1.880 214,61 25.494

Pohang 850,0 3,20 0 500,0 350,0 22 1.600 1.100 2.700 336,24 31.864

Portland 861,2 2,25 0 486,7 374,5 23 700 1.620 2.320 276,35 56.132

Portugal 1092,9 2,77 0 549,0 543,9 22 300 2.255 2.555 318,18 35.628

Pudong 415,5 1,90 0 415,5 652,3 25 730 2.196 2.926 320,66 32.880

Pugwash 657,1 2,34 0 415,0 242,1 22 800 2.049 2.849 354,79 17.300

Punjab 1332,6 2,01 0 456,9 875,7 23 485 4.000 4.485 534,25 50.353

Pusan 1259,5 2,40 0 620,8 638,7 22 516 2.480 2.996 373,10 68.662

Cove Island 236,0 3,38 0 186,3 49,7 17 240 850 1.090 175,66 15.481

Ro/Pax Vessel

Transeuropa 824,1 3,29 0 450,0 374,1 45 1.230 3.324 4.554 277,26 153.772

Translubeca 1117,0 2,97 0 294,0 823,0 38 188 2.685 2.873 207,14 0

Transrussia 669,0 5,57 0 669,0 0,0 57 280 2.912 3.192 153,42 0

PCTC

Paganella 462,8 1,22 8,09 108,0 346,7 22 145 2.000 2.145 267,12 13.545

Paganino 317,8 1,29 2,7 126,8 188,3 21 192 843 1.035 135,00 8.838

Paglia 474,2 1,88 3,3 169,0 301,9 22 230 1.500 1.730 215,44 49.435

Pagna 595,6 2,39 0 217,1 378,5 22 185 2.010 2.195 273,35 73.016

Research Vessel

Polarstern 495,4 1,75 0 169,2 326,2 91 0 6.500 6.500 195,69 8.983

Meteor 391,0 4,73 62 44,0 283,0 64 203 814 1.017 43,54 1.163

Annual sum 30.753,86 2,42 632,08 13.403,69 17.377,09 1.182 18.932 97.031 115.963 286,62 4.215.322

Environmental Report 2011 - Appendix - Table 5 - Garbage Page 1 of 2 July 2012

Table 5 : Garbage

Vessel Crew

(including passengers)

Garbage according MARPOL Annex V (m³) Specific waste Cat.1 Cat.2 total /

dumping at sea Cat.3 total /



dumping at sea Cat.6 total / dumping

at sea Sum Cat 1- 6 total /

dumping at sea Cat. 2 - 6 Quantity 1- 6 per person + day (l)


BW Havlys 20 23,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 75,62 0,00 1,30 0,90 0,00 0,00 99,92 0,90 13,69 46,00

BW Hesiod 22 38,60 4,25 4,25 8,30 5,95 0,00 0,00 8,35 6,95 2,05 1,85 61,55 19,00 7,67 0,60

BW Herdis 22 39,72 0,50 0,50 1,30 1,30 5,92 5,92 6,81 6,81 0,05 0,00 54,3 14,53 6,76 22,46

Pasadena 27 37,20 45,05 40,00 6,97 0,00 52,50 47,25 48,29 8,29 0,36 0,00 190,37 95,54 19,32 4,01

Patagonia 23 33,80 26,70 26,70 0,50 0,00 33,90 31,70 8,53 8,31 3,39 0,00 106,82 66,71 12,72 13,74

Peene Ore 30 18,67 5,70 0,00 6,80 1,15 17,11 16,96 3,53 2,51 1,90 0,00 53,71 20,62 4,91 0,16

Piro 26 20,25 2,18 2,18 17,61 0,15 21,12 20,82 5,90 3,25 0,00 0,00 67,06 26,40 7,07 8,59

Powhatan 23 28,70 14,90 12,16 18,45 13,88 29,30 27,65 9,25 4,62 0,03 0,00 100,63 58,31 11,99 0,00

Premnitz 21 27,61 1,75 1,06 2,09 1,72 28,23 26,16 5,43 3,81 0,00 0,00 65,11 32,75 8,49 0,08

Container Vessel

Pembroke 22 35,38 2,70 1,40 0,65 0,05 45,51 23,10 6,05 4,21 0,34 0,00 90,63 28,76 11,29 17,87

Perla 18 37,00 6,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 27,39 0,30 7,01 6,82 0,20 0,00 77,6 7,12 11,81 4,10

Pontremoli 21 24,08 2,20 0,20 1,80 1,30 22,35 2,80 5,14 4,41 0,90 0,00 56,47 8,71 7,37 8,96

Philadelphia 22 30,43 1,25 1,25 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 4,33 4,33 0,00 0,00 36,01 5,58 4,48 16,08

Phoenix 23 33,15 0,00 0,00 25,42 4,12 4,46 0,00 8,55 7,47 1,13 0,00 72,71 11,59 8,66 5,42

Praha 23 13,45 2,30 0,80 7,90 2,70 0,20 0,00 7,30 6,62 0,52 0,00 31,67 10,12 3,77 3,85

Pretoria 22 21,80 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 39,96 8,67 3,64 3,64 0,57 0,00 65,97 12,31 8,22 0,07

Potsdam 21 77,50 3,00 0,00 6,00 0,00 11,15 0,00 10,58 6,22 0,00 0,00 108,23 6,22 14,12 6,53

Pommern 21 17,78 0,30 0,30 25,18 1,10 19,27 1,98 6,68 5,18 0,00 0,00 69,21 8,56 9,03 16,50

Pona 20 13,08 8,07 0,00 0,00 0,00 14,75 2,14 2,58 0,00 0,92 0,00 39,4 2,14 5,40 8,32

Porto 21 20,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 19,36 2,42 5,47 4,81 2,29 0,00 47,12 7,23 6,15 0,10

Posen 21 33,90 0,10 0,10 0,50 0,50 0,00 0,00 2,90 2,90 4,60 0,00 42 3,50 5,48 31,10

Priwall 20 37,06 0,00 0,00 0,20 0,20 35,27 7,05 5,50 4,40 0,00 0,00 78,03 11,65 10,69 4,79

Pontresina 21 21,30 0,40 0,00 7,10 0,40 4,60 2,60 3,98 2,53 0,00 0,00 37,38 5,53 4,88 9,75

Port Said 19 17,60 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 7,04 5,74 1,79 1,79 0,00 0,00 26,43 7,53 3,81 10,21

Palermo 23 3,25 0,00 0,00 2,25 2,25 7,50 7,50 3,18 3,18 0,00 0,00 16,18 12,93 1,93 19,01

Paradip 24 40,35 6,70 6,70 5,50 5,50 2,70 2,70 4,33 4,33 0,00 0,00 59,58 19,23 6,80 38,98

Environmental Report 2011 - Appendix - Table 5 - Garbage Page 2 of 2 July 2012

Vessel Crew

(including passengers)

Garbage according MARPOL Annex V (m³) Specific waste Cat.1 Cat.2 total /





dumping at sea Sum Cat 1- 6 total /

dumping at sea Cat. 2 - 6 Quantity 1- 6 per person + day (l)

Peking 24 27,50 3,30 0,00 29,96 0,00 16,06 0,36 3,94 3,84 0,00 0,00 80,76 4,20 9,22 0,00

Penang 24 54,60 0,50 0,00 1,10 0,60 35,47 7,63 6,91 5,50 0,06 0,00 98,64 13,73 11,26 16,47

Pohang 22 40,10 0,20 0,20 3,10 2,60 4,50 3,10 4,10 3,80 0,00 0,00 52 9,70 6,48 24,32

Portland 23 24,45 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 14,04 14,04 4,01 4,01 0,00 0,00 42,5 18,05 5,06 58,50

Portugal 22 40,00 5,90 3,50 19,20 15,80 25,60 1,00 5,68 5,68 0,04 0,04 96,42 26,02 12,01 21,10

Pudong 25 52,53 15,20 5,10 47,13 31,60 2,30 2,30 13,34 4,64 13,52 0,02 144,02 43,66 15,78 16,68

Pugwash 22 37,50 2,36 0,00 24,86 5,61 0,50 0,00 7,24 7,06 0,21 0,00 72,67 12,67 9,05 5,67

Punjab 23 45,10 0,00 0,00 5,50 0,00 4,30 0,00 8,76 8,76 0,10 0,00 63,76 8,76 7,59 17,78

Pusan 22 57,80 27,57 2,57 25,47 2,43 0,10 0,05 6,14 2,03 0,31 0,00 117,39 7,08 14,62 0,18

Cove Island 17 37,30 1,00 1,00 1,80 1,80 0,00 0,00 25,60 25,60 0,00 0,00 65,7 28,40 10,59 30,66

Ro/Pax Vessel

Transeuropa 45 37,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 37 0,00 2,25 440,00

Translubeca 38 83,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 83 0,00 5,98 494,70

Transrussia 57 19,50 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 19,5 0,00 0,94 439,00

PCTC

Paganella 22 46,70 0,00 0,00 1,49 1,49 6,63 6,63 4,01 4,01 0,00 0,00 58,83 12,13 7,33 73,75

Paganino 21 27,00 0,30 0,30 0,00 0,00 25,66 12,15 6,81 6,81 0,00 0,00 59,77 19,26 7,80 9,68

Paglia 22 29,65 2,10 2,10 16,10 7,00 6,39 3,79 3,50 3,50 0,25 0,00 57,99 16,39 7,22 10,70

Pagna 22 21,70 3,06 3,06 1,97 1,97 2,61 2,61 4,64 4,64 0,00 0,00 33,98 12,28 4,23 7,14

Research Vessel

Polarstern 91 28,70 4,00 4,00 12,14 11,84 10,40 10,40 12,97 8,60 4,70 0,00 72,91 34,84 2,20 5,00

Meteor 64 15,70 18,70 0,00 19,00 0,00 6,50 0,00 12,60 0,00 2,60 0,00 75,1 0,00 3,21 24,60

Annual sum 1.182 1.470,49 218,24 119,43 353,34 125,01 686,27 307,52 316,65 216,77 41,04 1,91 3.086,03 770,64 7,98 1.993,21

Environmental Report 2011 - Appendix - Abbreviations + Definitions Page 1 of 1 July 2012

Abbreviations + Definitions BW Ballast water

BWMP Ballast water management plan

BWTP Bilgen water treatment plant

CO2 Carbon dioxide

CO Carbon monoxide - Cause is the incomplete combustion of fuel

GLC Germanischer Lloyd Certification GmbH

EEOI Energy Efficiency Operational Index (g CO2 / TNm)

Gray water Waste water from galley, laundry, showers, wash-basins etc.

HC Unburned hydrocarbons; Cause is the incomplete combustion of fuel

HFO Heavy Fuel Oil

IMO International Maritime Organization MARPOL International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships

MDO Marine Diesel Oil

MEPC Marine Environment Protection Committee

Garbage categories according

MARPOL Annex V

Cat. 1 Plastics

Cat. 2 Floating dunnage, lining and packing material

Cat. 3 Ground paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery etc.

Cat. 4 Cargo residues paper products, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery etc.

Cat. 5 Food waste

Cat. 6 Incinerator ash

other Specific waste (used batteries and chemicals, solvents and paint residues, oil filters, oily rags, empty oil drums etc.)

Nm Nautical Mile (1 Nm = 1,852 km)

NOx Nitric oxides

Passengers Each person, who doesn’t belong the crew.

PCTC Pure Car/Truck Carrier

ppm Parts per million - dimensionslose Konzentrationsangabe

R22 Refrigerant gas for air conditions and provisions cooling plants (Chloro difluoro methane)

SECA Sulphur Emission Control Area according Marpol Annex VI

SEEMP Ships Energy Efficiency Management Plan Sewage („Black water”) Waste waters from the toilet installations and the medicinal treatment room

SOx Sulphur oxides; formed through the oxidation of in the fuel contained sulphur.

Specific Fuel Consumption

Specific fuel consumption, abbreviated SFC, compares the ratio of the fuel used by an engine to a certain force such as the amount of power the engine produces. Specific fuel consumption allows engines of all different sizes to be compared to see which is the most fuel efficient.

TBT Tri- Butyl-Tin; Biozid in the underwater antifouling paints fro ships

TNm Tons*Nautical Miles = Size of the transport performance

VCS Container vessel

Documents

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