Environmental Resources Unit Animal Wildlife Management

Environmental Resources

Unit

Animal Wildlife Management

Problem Area

Safety and Ethics

Lesson

Identifying Hunting Equipment

Learining Objectives

Identify primitive hunting devices. Identify modern firemarms.Describe ammunition and how it works.Discuss handgun safety.

What are the “tools of the trade” I need to go hunting?

Assume you are planning on going deer hunting in a few months.

After a discussion in small groups, build a list addressing the following questions. Hunting modern weapons could I use? What ammunitions would I need for those

weapons? What primitive weapons could I use?

Terms to Know

Ammunition Bowhunting Broadhead Caliber Cartridge Centerfire Cylinder Gauge magazine

Primer Primitive Hunting

Device Quiver Recoil Rifle Rimfire Shell Shot Shotgun

What are Primitive Hunting Devices?

A primitive hunting device is a device with less power and hence, less capacity to kill. Using this device is sometimes call specialty

hunting. Bowhunting, using a bow to propel an arrow

in order to harvest game, is rapidly increasing in popularity.

Bowhunting requires practice, patients, and a committment to safety.


Bows come in three basic styles: Long bow Recurve bow Compound bow

A compound bow uses a series of pulleys or cams to increase speed while decreasing the amount of strength need to hold the bow at full draw (when the string is fully pulled back and in the firing position).


Recurve Bow

Long Bow

Compound Bow


A broad head is the tip of an arrow used in larger game hunting, such as deer. It is equiped a razor

blade style cutting edges.

Various states have differing laws concerning broadheads.


A quiver is a container used to carry arrows. It may be mounted

to the bow or carried on the hunter’s side.

What are the basic steps shooting an arrow?

Position Nocking-putting the arrow on the string Drawing-pulling the string and arrow back Aiming Holding Release Follow-through


The first firearms used were muzzleloaders, a firearm that is loaded through the muzzle end of the barrel instead of the breech end of the barrel.

It is challenging because only one shot can be fired at a time. MAKE IT COUNT!

Muzzleloader, originally from Europe, have been drastically improved over the past 600 years.


muzzleloaders

What are modern firearms?

A shotgun is a firearm that fires several small pellets in a patterns or one large projectile called a slug.

Shotguns are multi-purposed. They can be used to hunt a variety of wildlife.

The size of the bore is known as gauge or caliber.

Common shotguns are 10,12,20,28 & 410


Shotgun & shotgun shells

What are styles of shotgun actions?

The action is the working mechanism of the shotgun. Pump Semiautomatic Bolt action Break action-single shot Break action-side-by-side double barrel Break action-over/under double barrel

What are some common gun actions?

Break


Bolt


Semi-automatic


Lever


Pump


A rifle is a firearm with a spiral bore inside and fires one shot from a cartridge at a time. The spinning caused by the spiral bore makes

for a longer and straighter bullet flight. Measurement of a rifle is known as caliber

and is reported in millimeters or hundredths of an inch.

Common rifle sizes are .22, .270, 30.06 and 6 mm.


Some rifles have a feature that allow several firings in rapid succession. Cartridges are stored in the magazine. Magazine—the part of a repeating rifle that

holds the ammunition until it is ready to be fed into the chamber.


Rifles and cartridges

What are styles of rifle actions?

Pump Bolt Break Semiautomatic Lever

What are the parts of a modern firearm?

Action–loads, fires and ejects the cartridge.

Barrel–tube-like part which the bullet is fired through.

Breech–part of the barrel opposite the muzzle.

Butt–part of the stock which is held against your shoulder.


Chamber–part of the bore into which the cartridge is placed.

Comb–top ridge of the stock.Forearm–part of the stock under the barrel.Muzzle–end of the barrel and is the

smallest part of the barrel.

Stock–wooden, plastic or metal frame that holds the barrel and action. it helps to aim and absorbs recoil.

Trigger–squeezed to start the movement of the action.

Trigger Guard–protects the trigger from accidental bumping.


What is a Safety?

Safety–SHOULD prevent the firearm from firing if the trigger is pulled.

Types button movable pin thumb lever thumb hammer sliding plate

What are the sights of a modern firearm?

Rifle sights–on top of the barrel, are used to aim.

Open sights–have a front and rear part. The rear can be moved.

Peep sights–have a front and rear part. The rear has a peephole where the eye will focus.

Telescopic sight–aiming points are in a telescope. It makes the target closer and brighter.

What is ammunition and how does it work?

Ammunition–any powder, shot, cartridge or shell used in a firearm

Rifle and pistol ammunition has four parts projectile case powder primer


Shotgun ammunition has five parts projectile wad powder case primer


A shell is the container that hold the shot, powder and other ammunition parts for use in a shotgun.

Shot is a pellet of steel, lead, copper or other material for use in a shotgun.

A cartridge is ammunition used in a rifle.


All shotguns and larger caliber rifles use centerfire ammunition. The primer is located in the center of the cartridge base.

Small rifles use rimfire ammunition. The primer is located around the cartridge rim.

A primer is located in the base of a cartridge and exploded when activated, causing the powder to burn.

How does ammunition work?

The trigger releases the hammer.The hammer drives a firing pin into the

primer area.The primer explodes; this sets fire to the

powder.This fire causes very high pressure gas.The gas pressure pushes the bullet or

shot out of the barrel.

What are the safety precautions around ammunition?

use correct sizekeep powder supplies away from fire,

cigarettes and sparkskeep ammunition dry and coolknow how far ammunition will shootcarry only one size of ammunition at a

timeMake sure the barrel is unobstructed

What are some of the basics of handgun selection?

A handgun is a firearm with a short barrel that is fired at arm’s length.

They are often called pistols.There are NO EXTERNAL SAFETY on

most handguns.Beware of the recoil-the kickback from a

firearm.

What are some of the basic parts a of handgun?

Frame–metal housing that give the gun its shape.

Barrel–connects to the frame and is the tube the bullet travels through.

Action–fires the cartridge.Action is made up of the trigger,

mainspring and hammer.Grip–part you hold on to while firing.

What are some common handgun styles?

Semi-Automatic

Revolver

Documents

Environmental Resources Unit Animal Wildlife Management