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Environmental Science and Resource Management ESRM R100. Kevin Flint Wednesdays 4 – 6:50 P.M. ?. Billions of people. Black Death—the Plague. Time. Industrial Revolution. Hunting and Gathering. Agricultural revolution. Fig. 1-1, p. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. Earth's Life-Support System. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Environmental Science and Resource Management
ESRM R100
Kevin Flint
Wednesdays 4 – 6:50 P.M.
Fig. 1-1, p. 6
IndustrialRevolution
?
Agricultural revolutionHunting andGathering
Billio
ns o
f peo
ple
Time
Black Death—the Plague
Fig. 1-2, p. 7
Air(atmosphere)
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Human CulturesphereEarth's Life-Support System
Politics
PopulationSize
Worldviewsand ethics
EconomicsLife
(biosphere)
Soil and rocks
(lithosphere)
Water(hydrosphere)
Fig. 1-3, p. 8
Sound Science
A Path to SustainabilityIndividuals
MatterTrade-OffsSolutionsNatural Capital
DegradationNatural Capital
Fig. 1-4, p. 9
+=NATURAL RESOURCES NATURAL SERVICES
NATURAL CAPITAL NATURAL RESOURCES NATURAL SERVICES
Air Air purification
Water purification
Water storage
Soil renewal
Nutrient recycling
Food productionConservation of biodiversity
Wildlife habitatGrassland and forest renewal
Waste treatment
Climate controlPopulation control(species interactions
Pest Control
NATURAL CAPITAL = +
Water
Soil
Land
Nonrenewable minerals (iron, sand)
Life (Biodiversity)
Renewable energysun, wind, water flows
Nonrenewable energy (fossil fuels, nuclear power)
NATURAL RESOURCES NATURAL SERVICES
Fig. 1-5, p. 11
Percentage of World's
Population
Developing countriesDeveloped countries
Pollutionand waste
Resourceuse
Wealth andIncome
PopulationGrowth
18
82
0.1
1.5
85
15
12
75
25
88
Fig. 1-6, p. 11
Fig. 1-7a, p. 13
Fig. 1-7b, p. 13
Fig. 1-7c, p. 13
Fig. 1-10, p. 17
Depletion of nonrenewable resources
SOLAR CAPITAL
Human Capital Human Economic
and Cultural Systems
Pollution and waste
Degradation of renewable resources
Heat
Goods and services
Natural Capital
EARTH
Fig. 1-11, p. 17
Causes of Environmental Problems
Trying to manage and simplify nature
with too little knowledge about
how it works
Not including theenvironmental costsof economic goodsand services in theirmarket prices
PovertyUnsustainableresource use
Populationgrowth
Fig. 1-12, p. 18
Fig. 1-15, p. 23
Trade-Offs
Industrial-Medical Revolution
Advantages DIsadvantages
Mass production of useful and affordable products
Higher standard of living for many
Greatly increased agricultural production
Lower infant mortality
Longer life expectancy
Increased urbanization
Lower rate of population growth
Increased air pollution
Increased waste pollution
Soil depletion and degradation
Groundwater depletion
Habitat destruction and degradation
Biodiversity depletion
Increased water pollution
Fig. 1-17, p. 25
Reduce human births and wasteful resourceuse to prevent environmental overload and depletion and degradation of resources.
Controls a species’population size and resource use by interactions with its environment and other species.
Runs on renewablesolar energy.
Rely mostly on renewable solar energy.
Recycles nutrients and wastes. There is little waste in nature.
Uses biodiversity to maintain itself and adapt to new environ-mental conditions.
Prevent and reducepollution and recycleand reuse resources.
Preserve biodiversity by protecting ecosystem services and habitats and preventing premature extinction of species.
Solutions
Principles of Sustainability
How Nature Works Lessons for Us
Fig. 1-16, p. 24
Fig. 1-18, p. 25
Current Emphasis
SustainabilityEmphasis
Pollution cleanup
Waste disposal (bury or burn)
Protecting species
Environmental degradation
Pollution prevention (cleaner production)
Waste prevention and reduction
Protecting where species live (habitat protection)
Environmental restoration
Less wasteful (more efficient) resource useIncreased resource
use
Population growth
Depleting and degrading natural capital
Population stabilization by decreasing birth rates
Protecting natural capital and living off the biological interest it provides
Fig. 26-2, p. 616
More holisticMore atomistic Biosphere- or Earth-centered
Ecosystem-centered
Biocentric (life-centered)
Anthropocentric (human-centered)
Instrumental values play bigger role
Intrinsic values play bigger role
Self-centered
Environmentalwisdom
Stewardship
Planetarymanagement
Planetary Management
• We are apart from the rest of nature and can manage nature to meet our increasing needs and wants.
• Because of our ingenuity and technology we will not run out of resources.
• The potential for economic growth is essentially unlimited.
• Our success depends on how well we manage the earth's life support systems mostly for our benefit.
Stewardship
• We have an ethical responsibility to be caring managers, or stewards, of the earth.
• We will probably not run out of resources, but they should not be wasted.
• We should encourage environmentally beneficial forms of economic growth & discourage environmentally harmful forms.
• Our success depends on how well we manage the earth's life support systems for our benefit and for the rest of nature.
Environmental Wisdom
• We are a part of and totally dependent on nature and nature exists for all species.
• Resources are limited, should not be wasted, and are not all for us.
• We should encourage earth sustaining forms of economic growth & discourage earth degrading forms.
• Our success depends on learning how nature sustains itself and integrating such lessons from nature into the ways we think and act.
Fig. 26-3, p. 617
Environmental Worldviews
Fig. 26-6, p. 622
Solutions
Developing Environmentally Sustainable Societies
Guidelines Guidelines Strategies
Learn from & copy nature Sustain biodiversity
Eliminate povertyDo not degrade or deplete the earth's natural capital, and live off the natural income it provides
Develop eco-economies
Build sustainable communities
Do not use renewable resources faster than nature can replace them
Take no more than we need
Do not reduce biodiversityUse sustainable agriculture
Depend more on locally available renewable energy from the sun, wind, flowing water, and sustainable biomass
Try not to harm life, air, water, soil
Emphasize pollution prevention and waste reduction
Do not change the world's climate
Do not overshoot the earth's carrying capacity
Do not waste matter and energy resourcesHelp maintain the earth's capacity for self-repair Recycle, reuse, and compost 60–80% of
matter resources
Repair past ecological damageMaintain a human population size such that needs are met without threatening life support systemsLeave the world in as good a shape as
—or better than—we found itEmphasize ecological restoration
Fig. 2-2, p. 29
Well-tested andaccepted patterns
in data becomescientific laws
Interpret data
Ask a question
Do experimentsand collect data
Formulate hypothesisto explain data
Do more experimentsto test hypothesis
Revise hypothesisif necessary
Well-tested andaccepted
hypothesesbecome
scientific theories
Fig. 2-13, p. 44
Low-temperature heat (100°C or less) for space heating
Moderate-temperature heat (100–1,000°C) for industrial processes, cooking, producing
steam, electricity, and hot water
Very high-temperature heat (greater than 2,500°C) for industrial processes and producing electricity to run electrical devices (lights, motors)
Mechanical motion to move vehicles and other things) High-temperature heat (1,000–2,500°C) for industrial processes and producing electricity
Dispersed geothermal energyLow-temperature heat (100°C or lower)
Normal sunlightModerate-velocity windHigh-velocity water flowConcentrated geothermal energyModerate-temperature heat
(100–1,000°C)Wood and crop wastes
High-temperature heat (1,000–2,500°C)Hydrogen gasNatural gasGasolineCoalFood
ElectricityVery high temperature heat (greater than 2,500°C)Nuclear fission (uranium)Nuclear fusion (deuterium)Concentrated sunlightHigh-velocity wind
Source of Energy RelativeEnergy Quality
(usefulness)
Energy Tasks
Fig. 2-14, p. 45
Chemicalenergy(food)
Solarenergy
WasteHeat
WasteHeat
WasteHeat
WasteHeat
Mechanicalenergy
(moving,thinking,
living)
Chemical energy
(photosynthesis)
Fig. 2-15, p. 46
High-quality energy
Matter
Unsustainablehigh-waste
economy
SystemThroughputs
Inputs(from environment)
Outputs(into environment)
Low-quality energy (heat)
Waste and pollution
Fig. 2-16, p. 47
Recycleand
reuse
Low-quality Energy(heat)
Waste and
pollution
Pollutioncontrol
Sustainable low-waste economy
Waste and
pollution
Matter Feedback
Energy Feedback
Inputs (from environment)
Energyconservation
Matter
Energy
SystemThroughputs
Outputs(into environment)