envt mgmt

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

1/23

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

IV Semester,

MMS,

Prof Bharat Nadkarni

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

2/23

Environment Management

Environmental Management

The circumstances or conditions that surround one;surroundings.

Includes both Biotic (Living) and abiotic (non living).

Concerns life support systems linked with development andeconomic growth.

ISO 14000 International; EMAS Eco-management and Audit

Scheme, EU. ; BS7750 UK ; Stake holders of Environment : Investors, Customers,

Employees , Insurers, Regulators & Statutory Bodies and

Environmental Groups.

What should be the model of growth?

Changes required at local, national, regional and global leveltogether with economic and social transformation at theindividual and community level
http://www.quality.co.uk/bs7750.htmhttp://www.quality.co.uk/bs7750.htmhttp://www.quality.co.uk/bs7750.htm

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

3/23


Sustainable development

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

4/23


Sustainable development

Sustainable Development is narrated as development that meetsthe needs of the present without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own needs.

Rate of consumption of natural resources should approximate the

rate at which the resources are substituted or replaced.Ex. Deforestation, Mining etc.

A society is able to satisfy its requirements social, economic andothers without jeopardizing the interest of future generation.

Realization that nature is fragile. Nature is finite . Beyond a

critical threshold level, decline would lead to disaster. Principal of justice of equity between the people of north and

south hemesphere. National and international institutionalleaders have responsibility for sound developmental, economicand environmental issues

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

5/23


Sustainable development must lead to reducing poverty of people

in developing countries by means that minimize resource

depletion, environmental damage and social instability. In nutshell it means concerns for protecting environment and

avoiding depletion of non renewable resources.

It also refers to equity i.e. equal access to resources.

Hence it is infutile to talk about environmental problems andsustainable developments with the problems of inequality and

poverty are ignoredand principle of inter generational

distribution of resources is not observed.

Finally systems analysis that is how economic social andenvironmental systems interact at various scales of operation in a

way that would lead to sustainable development that strikes

optimal balance among the three subsistence.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

6/23


Why Environmental Management in Business School???

Industry and Business have a major share in depletion of

resources and degradation of environment. A Manager manages the Resources Management and

Environmental Management.

Do He /She possess expertise, skill or Education to perform the

task. Do the business schools impart Knowledge and sensibility to

appreciate the problem.

No more an era of Engineers and Lawyers. All aspects of business

have Environmental angle. Developed countries have separate Environmental Managers.

Services like Insurance and Banking too have Environmental

implications and require expertise of Environmental

Management.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

7/23


NEED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

1. Knowledge of Environmental Protection services, legislation and

rules and regulations for setting up new industry or trade,production process handling waste, packaging, eco labeling,

Environmental protection instruments is essential.

2. Environmental considerations should be a part of Corporate

Strategy3. Developing a product, new instruments and organizational

setup.

4. Management schools have an obligations to train managers or

at least sensitize the Student , managers on issues ofEnvironmental concerns and strategy.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

8/23


FUNDAMENTALS CONCERNING ENVIRONMENTAND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Population and its implicationInterplay between population growth, resources depletion andenvironmental damage.

Erlich equation

I = P x A x TI Impact on environment

P Population

A Affluence (consumption)

T Technology co-efficient

Sustainability should reflect equity, environmental concerns andsocial responsibilities vis-a-vis population regardless of time orlocation.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

9/23


Limits to growth

Change is required in peoples attitude, consumption

pattern, manufacturing, marketing practices andtechnology i.e. less intensive in its use of materials andenergy. Example use of firewood versus cooking gas

Principal of sufficiency and efficiency Financialassistance and technology transfer from industrialisedcountry to developing countries . An egalitarian view

Economy

Rate of GNP, an indicator of economic performance of anation, is based on high rate of consumption of natural

resources which is in conflict with environmentalconcerns.

The national accounting system should reflect the stateof both economy and environment eg china.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

10/23


Poverty

While managing environment and resources, due

consideration has to be given to the fact that poor peopledirectly depend on natural resources for their livelihood.Eradication of poverty which is linked with employment andincome generation programmes.

Human Settlement issuesEnvironmental implications of urbanization and other humanhabitations has led to concerns like providing shelter to all,investing in infrastructure for providing water, sewage and solidwaste, promoting sustainable energy and transport system, land

use management ex. Mumbai city.Land Resources

Planning and management of land resources which also includesnatural resources, soil, minerals and biota. Land is finite resource.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

11/23


Biodiversity

It means variety of Plant and animal species, presence absence or

richness which determines the state of biological wealth eg coralrich coast nr. Jamnagar.

Protection of Ocean

Coastal areas are crowded with human population. The marine and

aquatic resource is constantly polluted by sewage, plastic, metalsand other organic compounds like oil spillage.

Business and Industry.

Environment issues are closely linked to resource utlisation right

from production process, strategy to technology throughout theproduct life cycle. Environmental Impact Analysis, Environmental

Audits, Legal and voluntary initiatives makes industries responsible

towards environment management.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

12/23


Ecological Deficit.

Akin to Budgetary deficit Loan from World Bank and IMF

removes when economy improves.For ecological deficit Action plan?

Ex Ganga Action Plan, wasteland development program.

Many of the ancient civilizations like Indus valley, Mediterranian etc

crumbled due to disregard for environment although theyflourished in science , technology, literature, Music etc.

Village and Community Involvement

The village pond, grazing land, forests, streams were common

property and cannot be maintained by government alone.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

13/23


Energy Issues

Developed countries are highly energy consuming.

Depletion of fossil fuels is a reality.

Energy Production and Balance

Renewable (solar, wind, water, biomass) and Non Renewable (fossil

fuels-coal, natural gas, oil).

Around 80% of the worlds energy is from fossil fuels (except

France, which gets 70% of its energy from Nuclear energy).

Major issues of fossil fuels is emission of carbon dioxide in excess of

what can be absorbed by repetition.

Of the developing countries China has the highest per capita

consumption of energy.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

14/23


Renewable Energy (Non Conventional)

Developed countries use it for Environmental reasons.

Developing countries use it for Economic reasons.

Hydropower is the largest in Developing countries.

In countries like China, India, Brazil only 15% of the potential is

utilized.

Wind power has also great potential, estimated to provide 10% of

total energy now.

Solar power through Photovoltaic cells.

Biomass-Use of cultivate and uncultivated vegetation. Wood is a

source for poor people in Africa and Asia.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

15/23


Energy Policy

Energy plays an important role in Development.

Coal (56%), Petroleum (32%), Other (12%- Non conventional,Nuclear, Natural Gas, Hydro).

Traditional- Fuel wood, Agricultural waste and Animal Residue.

India- Net Importer of Energy (2/3rds of Petroleum products is

Imported).

Government Policy

Sustainability Issues

Affordable Issues:-

Subsidies leading to budget deficits.

Energy divide and associated Environmental hazards.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

16/23


Energy Reserves

Coal- High Ash content (40 to 50%), Low Calorific value (1300

to4200Kcal/Kg).Nuclear-Rich reserves of Thorium and Uranium.

Natural Gas- Being Explored (NELP).

Energy Consumption

Industrial Sector

Largest consumer- 50% 0f Conventional Energy.Major Energy intensive Industries-Fertilizer, Aluminum, Textiles,

Cement, Iron and steel, Paper and Pulp, etc.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

17/23


Transport Sector:

Largest consumer of Petroleum Sector- HSD and Gasoline (Petrol)

=50% of total Consumption.Huge demand due to increase in passenger and freight movement.

Serious implications for health and environment in Urban areas.

Agricultural Sector:

Consumption has grown significantly due to mechanization.

Relative share of electricity and diesel power against human and

labour has grown up from 5.3% in 1950-51 to 50%in 1995-96.

Domestic sector:

Biomass wood is a major source.

78% of rural and 30% of urban households depend on tree wood.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

18/23


Energy and Environmental Concerns

Environmental effects of various fuels with increased consumption

is an issue:Thermal Power Plant:

Air pollution- SO2, NOX, CO2.

Fly Ash- Disposal.

Green home gases emitted- 48% of carbon.

Nuclear Power Plant:

Safety and economics of Radioactive waste disposal. Chernobyl

tragedy.

Hydro Power Plant:

>Social and Environmental costs associated with dislocation of

people, submergence of wildlife habitats, forests and downstream

hydrology.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

19/23


Conclusion:

There is a need to improve energy efficiency especially in

industries.Energy management involves not only conservation and efficiency

but also search for alternative sources.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

20/23


Life Cycle Analysis (LCA):

Impact of product on Environment by examining all the stages

starting from raw materials, manufacturing, energy need, wastegenerated, packaging, marketing, waste and pollutants involved,

when the product is in use and effects of disposal,

Biodegradability and concept of recycling.

Environmental issues then become a part of the culture of theOrganization.

Reason for absence of Course on Environment:

Inertia on part of State.

Government policiesCompanies RoleManagers Larger

Society.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

21/23


Insensitivity of Business and Industry sector:

Cost v/s legal action for Environmental Regulations.

Training and development of employees to Environmentalissues.

Way forward : Investors rate companies on the basis of

Environmental performance and energy Efficiency

Shortage of Faculty

Paucity of reading material: Case studies as Indian Environment

Initiative lacking from Chamber of Industry - FICCI and

Assocham;Corporate conservation committee (CCC),USA formed 15

years back. Committee of Industry and Management Schools.

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

22/23


Thank you

7/29/2019 envt mgmt

23/23


Ten countries with highest emission of CO2

Country Total CO2 emmissions

(million MT)

U S A 5469

China 3192

Russian Federation 1818

Japan 1127

India 909

Germany 835

United Kingdom 542

Ukraine 438

Canada 436

Italy 410

Documents

envt mgmt