EnzymesEnzymes

Chemical ReactionsChemical ReactionsProcess that changes one set of chemicals Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set into another set

Slow = iron & oxygen =Slow = iron & oxygen =Fast = fireworksFast = fireworks

RUSTRUST

Two Parts of Chemical ReactionsTwo Parts of Chemical ReactionsReactantsReactants

Enter Enter Left Left

Products Products ExitExitRight Right

Two Types of ReactionsTwo Types of ReactionsExothermicExothermic

Releases heatReleases heatEndothermicEndothermic

Absorbs heatAbsorbs heat

Activation EnergyActivation EnergyEnergy needed to start a reactionEnergy needed to start a reactionDifference b/t reactant energy and Difference b/t reactant energy and required energy for reaction to happenrequired energy for reaction to happen

Required energy at peak

EnzymesEnzymesBiological catalyst (proteins)Biological catalyst (proteins)Catalyst – substance that speeds up a Catalyst – substance that speeds up a chemical reactionchemical reaction

Why?Why?Rxn is too slowRxn is too slowActivation energyActivation energy

is too highis too high

EnzymesEnzymesLower activation energyLower activation energyEx. AmylaseEx. Amylase

Breaks down starches into sugarsBreaks down starches into sugars

Enzyme

starch

Enzyme

Sugar

EnzymesEnzymesEnzyme has an active site Enzyme has an active site

fits substrate fits substrate (reactants)(reactants)

Specific actionSpecific actionBuild upBuild upBreak downBreak down

Substrate (Key) + enzyme (Lock) = Enzyme Substrate (Key) + enzyme (Lock) = Enzyme substrate complex substrate complex Products are releasedProducts are releasedExampleExample

Lock & KeyLock & Key

Regulation of Enzyme ActivityRegulation of Enzyme ActivityTemperatureTemperature

High temps = fastHigh temps = fastLow temps = slowLow temps = slow

pHpHEnzyme dependentEnzyme dependent

Concentration of substrateConcentration of substrateRegulated by proteinsRegulated by proteinsProduce enzymes at when neededProduce enzymes at when needed

After the first bite of foodAfter the first bite of food

Break down enzymes when notBreak down enzymes when notWhen all the food is digestedWhen all the food is digested

How acids effect enzymesHow acids effect enzymes

Acid (vinegar)

amylase

Starch-iodine solution Starch-iodine solution

Acid (vinegar)

Amylase Amylase lessonlesson

water

Starch-iodine solution Starch-iodine solution

amylase