EPHECT - VITO documents/EPHECT update 2012-10.pdf» 4-nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates, ... EPHECT Market Study 15 product classes WP 5 » on uses, use scenarios and habits

19/10/2012

EPHECT Emissions, Exposure Patterns and Health Effects

of Consumer Products in the EU

Marianne Stranger, Eddy Goelen, Frederick Maes, Jeroen Van Deun

19/10/2012 2 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT organisation

» European collaborative action

» EPHECT is co-funded by European Union (Executive Agency for Health and Consumers- EAHC), framework of the Health Programmes 2006-2013

» Start June 2010 – End May 2013

» Small scale project

19/10/2012 3 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT associated partners

Air Quality Measurements, Environmental Risk and Health, VITO

Eddy Goelen, Marianne Stranger, Jeroen Van Deun, Frederick Maes

Department of Engineering and Management of Energy Resources, University of West Macedonia, UOWM

John Bartzis Sani Dimitroupoulous

Methods, Research and External Relations, ANSES Sandrine Philippe ; Derrick Crump ( subcontractor)

Chemical-Technical Analysis and Chemical Food Technology, Technische Universität München, TUM

Albrecht Friess Thomas Letzel

Indoor Environment Group, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, NRCWE

Peder Wolkoff Asger Nördgard

Unit of Advanced Studies on Energy in the Built Environment, Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, IDMEC

Eduardo de Oliveira Fernandes, Gabriela Ventura Silva

Dipartimento di Medicina del Lavoro, Università degli Studi di Milano, UMIL

Paolo Carrer

IPSOS Belgium Andrew Johnson Elena Lucica

http://www.arbejdsmiljoforskning.dk/?lang=en

19/10/2012 4 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT collaborative partners

Eurofins (DK, G) Reinhard Oppl

CEC-JRC (I) Institute for Health and Consumer Protection

Stylianos Kephalopoulos Josefa Barrero-Moreno

UBA (G) Christine Daumling

FPS Health Food Safety and Environment (B) Robert Martens Fabrice Thielen

CEFIC

Loredana Guinea Manfred Giersig

TUM Business School (G) Larissa Drescher Jutta Roosen

AISE Gerard Stijntjes Paul Loyd

19/10/2012 5 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT objectives

» focus on consumer products, known to

» be potential sources of health relevant air pollutants in households;

» cause exposure related to use and use scenario

» personal care products, air fresheners, cleaning agents and sprays

» focus on key indoor air and emerging pollutants

» prioritised by international concerted actions or organisations

» reported as potential hazardous and occurring in the products

» In order to…

19/10/2012 6 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT objectives

» To identify and quantify whilst simulating European use scenario’s

» To generate guidance in product emission testing

» To formulate exposure reduction guidelines and policy options

» To decrease the risk for asthma, allergies and other respiratory diseases

19/10/2012 7 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT flow chart

19/10/2012 8 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT, the creation of BUMAC (WP 4)

Consumer products are defined as any article chemically formulated or manmade, used in a non-permanent way in indoor public and non public microenvironments, and intended for housekeeping or personal care activities or enjoyment . Such products may include: electronic equipment, appliances, fireplaces, household products like

laundry and dish wash detergents, cleaning products and polishers, air fresheners, pest control products, clothes and fabrics, personal care products such as showering, fragnances, hair and skin care products, nail polishers etc., printed material, toys, pet care products, flowers and plants, decoration and maintenance

WP D4 : “Literature review on product composition, emitted compounds and emission rates and health end points from consumer products” (218 pages) + smaller dedicated part (WP 4/WP 7) : “3.3. Brief overview of respiratory effects associated with handling of consumer products within air fresheners, cleaning and maintenance products (pg 67-77)

19/10/2012 9 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT, the creation of BUMAC (WP 4) examples from literature review WP 4 : emissions

» General purpose cleaner

» d-limonene, 2-butoxy ethanol (ethylene glycol), terpinolene, a-terpineol, γ-terpineol, VOCs, Camphene, 3-Carene, a-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, 2-hexyloxyethanol, 2-Propanol, Di(propylene glycol) butyl ethers, toluene, Decane, octane, β-terpinene 1,8-Cineole, iso-cineole, Ammonia, chloroform

» Nazaroff et al. (2006), Nazaroff & Weschler (2004), Kwon et al (2007)

» Disinfectants

» 4-nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates, a-Terpineol, Camphene, 3-Carene, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, 2-butoxy ethanol, toluene, iso-Amyl acetate, ethanol, hexane, limonene, 3-methyl pentane, undecane, Camphene, decane, octane, β-pinene, toluene, Ammonia, Ethanol, Chloroform, 1,8-cineole, iso-cineole

» Nazaroff et al. (2006), Nazaroff & Weschler (2004), Kwon et al (2007)

» Anti-bacterial cleaner

» 2-butoxy ethanol, ethylene glycol, toluene, Camphene, 3-Carene, Limonene, β-Myrcene, α-Phellandrene, β-Pinene, α-Pinene

» Nazaroff et al., (2006), Nazaroff & Weschler (2004)

19/10/2012 10 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT, the creation of BUMAC (WP 4) examples from literature review WP 4 : respiratory health effects

» Table 3.3.Compounds tentatively associated with respiratory diseases among cleaning personnel.

» Sensitizers: » Amines, e.g. (e.g. ethanolamine)

» Disinfectants

» Quaternary ammonium compounds

» Fragrances containing terpenes

» Isothiazolinones (formaldehyde releasers)

» Chlorine bleach (hypochlorite)

» Glutaraldehyde

» Sensory irritants: » Chlorine (bleach) (hypochlorite)

» Ammonia

» Hydrochloric acid

» Monochloramine

» Mixing bleach and acid or ammonia

» Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)

» Quaternary ammonium compounds

» Monoethanolamine

19/10/2012 11 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT complements with BUMA…

BUMA Building material database

EPHECT Consumer

product database

BUMAC

Building material and Consumer

product database

Strategy document about completion of the BUMAC database

19/10/2012 12 © 2010, VITO NV

WP 4. Comprehensive literature review and bumac database. How to complete? Strategy » Literature review

» Stage 1 : 14 consumer product categories

» Stage 1,2,3,4,… : 3 prod categories/15 product classes

» Bumac database (P,PC,EC,ER,HE) : major efforts on 3 product categories/15 product classes

1. papers, proceedings

2. policy makers

(national,internat.)

3. RTD organisations

; testing labs ; sector

organsations ; labels

4. producers,

users

14 Pca

3 Pca

19/10/2012 13 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT consumer product categories

Electronic equipment (PC, printers, TV, fax, mobile phones)

Appliances (gas /oil-fired furnaces, gas cooking appliances, clothes washers and dryers, hair dryers, dishwashers, vacuum cleaners, HVAC)

Fireplaces (Fireplaces, stoves, woodstoves etc.)

Household products - Laundry detergents (laundry detergents, fabric conditioners, bleach aid, ironing aid, stain remover)

Household products – Cleaning products (hand dishwashing product, machine dishwashing product, all purpose cleaner, kitchen cleaning product, hard surface cleaner, toilet cleaner, glass and window cleaner,

abrasives, decalcifier, unblocking agents, bathroom cleaning agents, oven cleaner, metal cleaner, carpet/textile cleaner, woodstove cleaner)

Household products – Polish products (furniture polish, houseplant polish, floor polish)

Air fresheners (combustible candles, incense, passive units, electrical units, etherical oils, spays,)

Pest control (herbicides, fungicides etc.)

Clothes and fabrics (wool soaps, fabric care products)

Personal care products – Bathing and showering products (Showering and bath products, hand wash liquid, soaps, aftershaves)

Personal care products – Hair care products (hair colours, shampoos, hair styling products (sprays), scalp care products)

Personal care products - Skin care products (skin care (incl make up), nail care products, sun care products, sun care products, antiperspirants, deodorants, cleansers, self tanning products)

Personal care products - Oral hygiene products,

Personal care products - Feet care products

Personal care products – Baby products

Perfumes

Medicines,

Printed material (books, newspapers, inks etc.)

Toys

Pet care products

Flowers and plants

Decorations and maintenance (paints, varnishes etc.)

Other

19/10/2012 14 © 2010, VITO NV

Electronic equipment (PC, printers, TV, fax, mobile phones)

Appliances (gas /oil-fired furnaces, gas cooking appliances, clothes washers and dryers, hair dryers, dishwashers, vacuum cleaners, HVAC)

Fireplaces (Fireplaces, stoves, woodstoves etc.)

Household products - Laundry detergents (laundry detergents, fabric conditioners, bleach aid, ironing aid, stain remover)

Household products – Cleaning products (hand dishwashing product, machine dishwashing product, all purpose cleaner, kitchen cleaning product, hard surface cleaner, toilet cleaner, glass and window cleaner,

abrasives, decalcifier, unblocking agents, bathroom cleaning agents, oven cleaner, metal cleaner, carpet/textile cleaner, woodstove cleaner)

Household products – Polish products (furniture polish, houseplant polish, floor polish)

Air fresheners (combustible candles, incense, passive units, electrical units, etherical oils, spays,)

Pest control (herbicides, fungicides etc.)

Clothes and fabrics (wool soaps, fabric care products)

Personal care products – Bathing and showering products (Showering and bath products, hand wash liquid, soaps, aftershaves)

Personal care products – Hair care products (hair colours, shampoos, hair styling products (sprays), scalp care products)

Personal care products - Skin care products (skin care (incl make up), nail care products, sun care products, sun care products, antiperspirants, deodorants, cleansers, self tanning products)

Personal care products - Oral hygiene products,

Personal care products - Feet care products

Personal care products – Baby products

Perfumes

Medicines,

Printed material (books, newspapers, inks etc.)

Toys

Pet care products

Flowers and plants

Decorations and maintenance (paints, varnishes etc.)

Other

EPHECT consumer product categories

Verification criteria:

(1) household use

(2) Cause exposure related to use

(3) emit key or emerging pollutants

(4) considerable EU household use frequency

(5) mainly cause inhalation exposure

(6) May cause (debate about) a health end point

(7) Emission gaps

19/10/2012 15 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT from product categories to products

» Based on criteria relevant to the scope of EPHECT , not a random selection

» Criterion 3:

» Indicative frequency of use

» Products from this product class are used by a representative part of the population and are characterized by a significant use frequency in an average household

» 0: the product is used annually

» 1: the product is used on a monthly basis

» 2: the product is used on a weekly or daily basis

» Criterion 5:

» Health relevant emissions

» The emissions from products in this product class are known to cause health end points (mainly respiratory problems)

» 0: the emissions caused by the use of the products are known to be harmless

» 1: the emissions caused by the use of the product are known to cause health end points not relevant for EPHECT

» 2: the emissions caused by the use of this product may cause health end points within the scope of EPHECT

»

19/10/2012 16 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT selected consumer product classes 3 product categories : personal care products, air fresheners, cleaning agents 15 product classes for market study and emission testing

RESULT

A1 All purpuse cleaners (gel, liquid, tissue, cream)

A2 Kitchen cleaning agents (liquid, spray, tissues)

A3 Hard surface (floor) cleaner (powder, spray, gel)

A4 Glass and window cleaner (Liquid, spray, tissues)

A5 Bathroom cleaning agents (liquid, sprays, tissues)

A6 Furniture polish (liquid, spray, tissues)

A7 Floor polish (liquid, spray, tissues)

A8 Combustible air fresheners (candles, incense)

A9 Air fresheners (spray)

A10 Passive units (air fresheners)

A11 Electric units (insecticide tablets, air fresheners)

A12 Coating products for (hard surfaces, leather, textiles)

A13 Hair styling products (sprays, gels,…)

A14 Deodorants (sprays)

A15 Perfumes

19/10/2012 17 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT Market Study 15 product classes WP 5 » on uses, use scenario’s and habits

» Results translated in lab testing experiments

» Aims

» Representative simulation of EU uses and use scenarios

» Representative modelling for exposure & respiratory health risk assessment

» WP D5 : Report on the use and use pattern of consumer products in EU member states

19/10/2012 18 © 2010, VITO NV

Survey objectives

Coordination of a market study on use and use patterns of consumer products across the EU:

» identifying the most popular brands, products and formats

» collecting information on behaviour patterns for each of the selected product classes:

» Frequency of use

» Time of day when the product is used

» Rooms where the product is used

» Surfaces on which the product is used

» Protection measures (including ventilation patterns)

» Reading product instructions

» Respect of recommended quantities

» Dilution patterns

» Quantities of product used.

19/10/2012 19 © 2010, VITO NV

Country selection

Region

Country Number of

interviews

Western

Europe

France 487

Germany 358

UK 351

Northern

Europe

Denmark 449

Sweden 471

Southern

Europe

Italy 361

Spain 578

Eastern

Europe

Czech Republic 365

Hungary 565

Poland 350

Total: 4335 interviews

19/10/2012 20 © 2010, VITO NV

Product class penetration

Q. R1. In the past 6 months, which of the following products have you personally used in your household? (several answers possible)

81%

77%

77%

75%

72%

65%

60%

48%

41%

37%

35%

26%

22%

20%

20%

14%

All purpose cleaners

Bathroom cleaning products

Kitchen cleaning products

Glass and window cleaners

Perfumes

Floor cleaner

Spray deodorants

Air fresheners in sprays

Hairspray

Insecticides

Furniture polish

Combustible air fresheners

Electric air fresheners

Passive air fresheners

Coating products for leather and textiles

Floor polish

19/10/2012 21 © 2010, VITO NV

Respect of recommended quantities

Q.9. Do you usually respect the recommended quantities? (Only one answer possible)

71%

73%

62%

70%

68%

78%

61%

57%

72%

76%

78%

51%

15%

15%

17%

13%

14%

15%

16%

9%

16%

7%

11%

10%

17%

5%

5%

3%

2%

7%

8%

2%

18%

10%

12%

5%

6%

16%

8%

9%

7%

13%

9%

8%

4%

11%

17%

9%

9%

6%

17%

72%All purpose cleaners

Kitchen cleaners

Floor cleaners

Glass and window cleaners

Bathroom cleaners

Furniture polish

Floor polish

Combustible AF

Spray AF

Electric AF

Insecticides

Coating products

Hairspray

Use the recommended quantities or less Use more product than recommended

No recommendations Don't know

Total: All who use each product class

Use recommended

quantities or less –

highest score

19/10/2012 22 © 2010, VITO NV

Surface on which the product is used

Q.4. On which surface (s) do you normally use (…)? (Several answers possible)

All purpose

cleaners 67% 57% 52%

Kitchen


Floor cleaners

95% 8% 8%

Glass and

window


Bathroom


Insecticides

33% 30% 27%

Coating

products 52% 45%

35%

Top 3

surfaces

per

product

class

Total: All who use each product class

19/10/2012 23 © 2010, VITO NV

Scope and tasks

» Review of literature on emission testing as a basis for formulating protocols for testing of consumer products to provide data for health risk assessment

» Literature search, categorisation of studies, formation of database, review of test methods, discussion and conclusions

19/10/2012 24 © 2010, VITO NV

Classification of studies

Category Number of papers relevant to each category

A. Studies of composition of consumer products

Content; 10 Headspace; 16

B. Small chamber studies; measure emissions in controlled environment but not involving simulating real use of product

20

C. Measurement of emissions during an in-use scenario either in a controlled chamber / test room (C1) or in a building during actual use (C2)

C1; 14 C2 12

D. Studies of indoor air chemistry associated with chemicals released by some consumer products

13

Total papers examined 95 listed in database, 73 reviewed

19/10/2012 25 © 2010, VITO NV

Benefits and limitations

All approaches provide useful information for risk assessment

Content does not identify all compounds emitted and does not identify the rate / time profile or form of substance e.g. vapour/aerosol

Small chamber may not be possible to simulate use, does not allow breathing zone studies

Large chamber/room potential for full simulation and measurements in breathing zone; potential wide range of possible scenarios

Real environments can be hugely variable, difficult to repeat, important check on suitability of chamber scenarios

19/10/2012 26 © 2010, VITO NV

Conclusions 3

» There is a need for standardised tests appropriate for each product type. Draft protocols for such tests would need to be subjected to robustness testing to evaluate the effect of factors such as air velocity on emissions (e.g. for combustion sources), and air mixing (e.g. influence on localised concentrations during spray product use) and validation.

» The processes of preparation of international standards for testing emissions from building and furnishing products provides a useful framework for the development of standards for consumer products.

19/10/2012 27 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT Lab testing experiments (WP 6)

“identification and measurement of emitted compounds” » D6 : Study of research gaps on chemical and particulate emissions, associated to household uses of the

consumer products » D7 : Full-scale exposure data and transformation reactions (reactive chemistry for 3 selected products)

» M1 Definition of research gaps for testing: selection of 15 product classes and products, selection of key and

emerging pollutants, similation of use » M2 Quantification of key and emerging pollutants of health concern, emitted by consumer products in test

chamber experiments simulating exposure » M3 Quantification of product emissions from transformation reactions with terpene chemistry in test chamber

experiments simulating exposure » M4 Guidance for emission testing » M5 Update of the DB with newly generated data

19/10/2012 28 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT Lab testing experiments (WP 6)

“identification and measurement of emitted compounds” EPHECT list of key and emerging pollutants CO - NO2 - ammonia - benzene - toluene - xylenes - Styrene – Phthalates -Lead - O3 - PAHs - Naphthalene - PCBs -PCDDs - chloroamines - hypochlorite - H2O2 - formaldehyde - acrolein - glutaraldehyde - acetaldehyde - siloxanes - fluorinated - quaternary ammonium chlorides - ozone consuming compounds : limonene - alpha-pinene - geraniol - a-terpineol - linalool - specific airway allergens: isocyanates - acid anhydrides - radical production - Particles (fine & ultrafine): - ultrafines PM < 0.1 - number - size area - chem. charact. - metals carbon origin (EC/OC) - oxidized PAHs

Note that the risk assessment is limited to inhalation exposure and respiratory effects

19/10/2012 29 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT Lab testing experiments

“identification and measurement of emitted compounds” EPHECT umbrella scenario for consumer product chamber emission testing (test protocol)

- to harmonize test protocols

- to formulate reproducible test protocols as much as possible

- to obtain comparable result - maximum fit with existing guidelines for building material product testing - to evaluate the results of similar experiments in different rooms (pre

standardisation)

19/10/2012 30 © 2010, VITO NV

Emissions, Exposure Patterns and Health Effects of Consumer

Products in the EU

EPHECT consumer product test protocol

Content 1. EPHECT umbrella for consumer product testing

2. EPHECT priority compounds

3. EPHECT analytical methods

4. EPHECT QA/QC

5. EPHECT plan of work

19/10/2012 31 © 2010, VITO NV


Products in the EU


1. EPHECT umbrella for consumer product testing Discussion document detailed further in reported test protocol

Consumer

Product

Emissions

- AIR FLOW: deviation of exhaust flow with intake flow < 5%

- AIR VELOCITY above the sample 0.1-0.3 m/s and accuracy 0.1m/s

- TVOC (ISO 16000-9) < 20 µg.m-3; individual VOC < 2 µg.m-3 (radiello code 130 -min 48h, max 5d)

- collect/sample up to 80% of the intake flow

- RECOVERY AND SINK permeation or diffusion tube - known concentration toluene and n-dodecane in the chamber - conc after 72h in room - recovery > 80%Start-up

conditions

(ISO 16000-9)

Initial test

chamber

conditions

(ISO 16000-9)

- AIR EXCHANGE RATE: 0.5/h ± 5% deviation and ±3% accuracy

- RH 50% ± 5% and ±3% accuracy

- T 23°C ± 2 and accuracy ±1°C

- VOC level (FID)

Liquid (fluid,

cream & gel) Solid

Aggregation?

- weigh before and after test

Flask

SprayTo

volatilize

To burn

Chamber < 20L, 20L - 50 m3

respecting LF

determine quantity and/or dilution- weigh before and

after test

- automatic spray of

0.5 sec

Diluted

use

Undiluted

use

Rinse

after use

Don't rinse

after useRinse

after use

Don't rinse

after use

- quantity/dilution: function

of real use scenario and

expected (T)VOC levels

- Rinse + wet mop in test

chamber?

- sample collection:

t0: application (0-1h)

t1: 1h-3h

t2: 3h-5h

t3: 5h-7h

- quantity/dilution: function of

real use scenario and

expected (T)VOC levels

- Wet mop in test chamber?



t1: 1h-3h

t2: 3h-5h

t3: 5h-7h

- quantity: function of real

use scenario and expected

(T)VOC levels

- Rinse + wet mop in test

chamber?



t1: 1h-3h

t2: 3h-5h

t3: 5h-7h

Spray on

a surface

Spray in

the air

- # sprays is function of realuse scenario’s and expected(T)VOC levels

- Sample collection:t0: spray (0-1h)t1: 1h-3ht2: 3h-5ht3: 5h-7h

- PM monitoring

- spray at time t0

spray orientation: angle 45°,

upwards to air movement

- sprayed quantity:

approx. 0.5g per 1m3

- Sample collection:t0: spray (0-1h)t1: 1h-3ht2: 3h-5ht3: 5h-7h

- PM monitoring

- balans in test chamber

- weigh before and after test

- light during at least 6h (taken

burning time of candle in

consideration)

- specifications on lighting (gas

lighter, match, …?


t0: 0-3h after installation

t2: 3h-4h

t2: 4h-5h

t3: 5h-6h

- THC monitoring

Passive

Active

Electric

unit

To be

heated by

a candle

- electricity supply in room

- run test until at least 3h after

equilibrium

- position max

sample collection:


t2: 3h-4h

t2: 4h-5h

t3: 5h-6h

- PM Monitoring

- run test until at least 3h

after equilibrium

- dimensions (distance

candle, quantity, dilution)

sample collection:


t2: 3h-4h

t2: 4h-5h

t3: 5h-6h

- THC monitoring

Product specific

test chamber

conditions

- run test until at least 3h

after equilibrium

sample collection:


t2: 3h-4h

t2: 4h-5h

t3: 5h-6h

LF ideal room ‘Arrêté surl’etiquettage (NOR : DEVL1104875A);CEN TC 351 WG2

if surface = window:LF = 0.07 m2/m3

if surface = floor:

LF = 0.4 m2/m3

if other surface = ? m2/m3

- quantity: function of real

use scenario and expected

(T)VOC levels

- Wet mop in test chamber?



t1: 1h-3h

t2: 3h-5h

t3: 5h-7h

End test when

THC =< 5%

deviation of initial

concentration

End test when THC

=< 5% deviation of

initial concentrationEnd test when

THC =< 5%


concentration

End test when

THC =< 5%


concentration

End test when

THC =< 5%

deviation of

initial

concentration

End test when

THC =< 5%


concentration

After 6h

After 6hAfter 6h

After 6hLF ideal room ‘Arrêté sur

l’etiquettage (NOR :

DEVL1104875A); CEN TC 351WG2

if surface = window:LF = 0.07 m2/m3

if surface = floor:

LF = 0.4 m2/m3

if other surface =? m2/m3

Chamber dimensions in

relation to spray strength

FLASK SPRAY TO

VOLATILIZE

19/10/2012 32 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT : test chambers

19/10/2012 33 © 2010, VITO NV


19/10/2012 34 © 2010, VITO NV


19/10/2012 35 © 2010, VITO NV


Products in the EU



NRCWE

(12)

VITO

(11)

UOWM

(8)

IDMEC

(7)

Same product

tested by all four

labs

all purpose cleaner x x

kitchen cleaning agent x x x (2) x x

floor cleaning agent x (2) x

glass and window cleaner x

bathroom cleaning agent x

furniture polish x x

floor polish x x

combustible air fresheners x x

air fresheners (spray) x x

passive units x x

electric units x x (2) x x x

coating products x

hair styling products x

deodorants (sprays) x (2)

perfumes x (2) x x x x

Deodorizers** x

Toys**

Magazines** x

19/10/2012 36 © 2010, VITO NV


Products in the EU



Complexity of the analysis

QA/QC EPHECT key, gap and emerging pollutants

# samples per

product

NCRWE (1) VITO (2) UOWM (3) IDMEC (4)

Sampling Analysis Sampling Analysis Sampling Analysis Sampling Analysis

Basic Terpenoids:

limonene 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

level 1 duplicate collection - max 20% deviation

alpha-pinene 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

level 2 (C)RM (external) geraniol 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

a-terpineol 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

linalool 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

Aldehydes:

formaldehyde 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

acrolein 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

glutaraldehyde 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

acetaldehyde 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

Aromates:

benzene 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

toluene 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

xylenes 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

styrene 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

PAHs: naphthalene 4 (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

19/10/2012 37 © 2010, VITO NV


Products in the EU



Complexity of the analysis

QA/QC EPHECT key, gap and emerging pollutants

# samples per product

NCRWE (1) VITO (2)

UOWM (3) IDMEC (4)

Particles (spray and combustible products only)

Primary aerosols (analysed in real time by FMPS,

SMPS, dust monitors etc.)

(1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

Secondary aerosols (filter sampling)

(1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4)

Complex 1 lab for analysis Disinfectants: chloroamines 1 (@peak) (1) (2) (2) (2) (3) (2) (4) (2) level 1 (C)RM if available

(external) hypochlorite 1(@peak) (1) (2) (2) (2) (3) (2) (4) (2)

(H2O2) 1

Micl. compounds (not respiratory health)

(PCBs) 1

(PCDDs) 1

on PDMS tenax Phthalates benz-a-pyrene

1 (1) (1) identification

(2) quantification

(2) (2) (3) (2) (4) (2)

Isothiazolinones 1

CO - - - - - - (4) (4)

CRM NO2 - - - - - - (4) (4)

Ammonia (1) (4) (2) (4) (3) (4) (4) (4)

Silanes/siloxanes/polymers +/- fluorinated

(1) (1) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (1)

Quat. ammonium chlorides (QUATs) (1) (1) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (1)

VOC Identification&analysis

1 (3/4 samples)

(1) (1) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (1)

19/10/2012 38 © 2010, VITO NV


Products in the EU


Units of emission test results

Use and use scenario Emission Rate units Normalized Emission Rate units

Applied on a surface

all purpose cleaner

µg/h

(dilutions according to

manufacturer or market study)

Area specific emission rate

µg/(h.g.m2)

kitchen cleaning agent

floor cleaning agent

glass and window cleaner

bathroom cleaning agent

furniture polish

floor polish

Combustible, active or passive units

passive units

µg/h

Mass specific emission rate

µg/(h.g) electric units

combustible air fresheners

Sprayed on a surface or in the air

air fresheners (spray)

µg/h

(±0,5 sec or 0.5g automatic spray)

Mass specific emission rate

µg/(h.g aerosol)

(±0,5 sec or 0.5g automatic spray)

hair styling products

deodorants (sprays)

coating products (sprays)

perfumes

glass and window cleaner (spray)

19/10/2012 39 © 2010, VITO NV


Perfume: sprayed on a cotton cloth inside the room, bottle weight before and after

NCRWE VITO IDMEC

Chamber volume [m³] 20,24 0,916 0,255

Air change rate [1/h] 0,5 0,5 0,84

mass [g] 0,2 0,063 0,1

PEAK concentration

Limonene room [µg/m³] 5 67,18 262

Limonene none steady state room [µg/m³] 18,0 571,7 1515,2

Limonene ideal room [µg/m³] 12,2 17,5 12,9

emission rate [µg/h] 183 262 325

normalized emission rate [µg/g.h] 616,0 126,9 27,7

OVERALL concentration

Limonene room [µg/m³] 22,0 56,0

Limonene no steady state room [µg/m³] 22,3 56,1

Limonene ideal room [µg/m³] 0,68 0,5

emission rate [µg/h] 5,0 1,0

normalized emission rate [µg/g.h] 10,2 12,0

Emission test QA/QC (example: perfume, limonene emission)

- Chambers with different dimensions

- Different operators of the same protocol

- Different air change rate

- Different product mass

- Same product

Variation ‘peak’ normalized emission rate

Good agreement in ‘overall’ normalized emission rate

19/10/2012 40 © 2010, VITO NV


Emission test QA/QC (example: passive air freshener, limonene)

- Chambers with different dimensions

- Different operators of the same protocol

- Different product mass (duration)

- Same product

Passive air freshener

NCRWE VITO

Chamber volume [m³] 20,24 0,916

Air change rate [1/h] 0,5 0,5

mass [g] 0,4 0,27

last measuring point concentration

Limonene room [µg/m³] 0,7 351,3

Limonene none steady state room [µg/m³] 1,0 375,2

Limonene ideal room [µg/m³] 0,7 11,5

emission rate [µg/h] 10,5 171,9

normalized emission rate [µg/g.h] 17,8 19,4

Good agreement at last measuring point (up to 7h)

19/10/2012 41 © 2010, VITO NV


Emission test QA/QC – ongoing

- comparison extended to other products:

kitchen cleaning agent, electrical air freshener, ...

- comparison extended to other emitted compounds

Emission test data processing – next steps

- emission test guidance

- full report QA/QC (analytical)

19/10/2012 42 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT Exposure and Health Risk Assesment (WP 7)

“health risk assessment for the household use of selected product classes”

Health risk assessment for key and emerging IAP

“overview of existing risk reduction strategies”

19/10/2012 43 © 2010, VITO NV

WP7 – Exposure modelling

Exposure

assessment

Indoor air

modelling

(analytical –

screening)

Ventilation - Review

- Airflow

modelling

WP4:

BUMAC

WP5:

Household

use patterns

M18 –

M24

M21

WP6:

Emissions

testing

M6 –

M24

M24

Emissions, Exposure Patterns and Health Effects of Consumer Products in the EU

Required inputs from other WPs

19/10/2012 44 © 2010, VITO NV

What is needed for exposure modelling

• Emission rates of pollutants WP6 emission testing • Ventilation rates

Review report + ventilation modelling • Size of dwellings + airtightness characteristics

National statistics + AIVC Technical Note 44 • Meteorological data National network • Deposition (particles) and absorption (VOC) rates

Literature • Use patterns for consumer products

WP5: IPSOS questionnaire survey • Time activity patterns

Literature


19/10/2012 45 © 2010, VITO NV

Ventilation rates overview


19/10/2012 46 © 2010, VITO NV

Risk management guidance and policy options (WP 8)

“The current policies to indoor air emissions are reviewed. A risk

management guidance for users is developed and recommendations are given for policy makers”

Subtasks (all scheduled between month 24-36) Overview of current policies in EU and selected countries worldwide (WP 8 M1 : may 2012) Consultation of stakeholders (04-2013) Formulation of proposals for risk management guidance for users (05- 2013 Priority ranking of recommendations for policy options (05-2013)

19/10/2012 47 © 2010, VITO NV

Risk management guidance and policy options : overview current policies(WP 8)

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Risk management guidance and policy options : overview current policies(WP 8)

19/10/2012 49 © 2010, VITO NV

EPHECT near future outcomes

» Selection of near future Milestones:

» EPHECT leaflet / EPHECT website / EPHECT newsletter (continuous ongoing) » Overview on existing European health risk policies (11-2012)

» Risk assessment to key/emerging indoor air pollutants emitted by consumer products (11-2012)

» Consultation of stakeholders on risk reduction strategies (04-2013)

» Final priority ranking of recommendations for policy (05-2013)

» Final BUMAC (05-2013)

19/10/2012 50 © 2010, VITO NV

www.vito.be/ephect

19/10/2012 51 © 2010, VITO NV

Questions?

Documents

EPHECT - VITO documents/EPHECT update 2012-10.pdf» 4-nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates, ... EPHECT Market Study 15 product classes WP 5 » on uses, use scenarios and habits