546

internal origin confirms this view. The law of habit does solikewise, its operation being twofold. The author suggestedthe following scheme for the purpose of facilitating and syste-matizing future observations :-1. lllanner of production. 2.Extent and duration. 3. Special character. 4. Relation toconsciousness. 5. Relation to movement. 6. Relation to sen-sation generally. 7. Efforts of fresh sensational impressions.8. Frequency of occurrence and readiness of induction.

HARVEIAN SOCIETY.

THURSDAY, MAY 4, 1854.—MR. COULSON, PRESIDENT.

1lZu. W. J. ANDERSON’ mentioned two cases of laryngitis, thefirst occurring in a child, aged two years and a half, who hadsuffered with it for a week before. He saw her on the 24th of

February last; at this time, though there was well-markedcroupy cough, she was suffering more from bronchitis. Saline

draught, with ipecacuanha and antimonial wine, was ordered;and, on the 27th, the symptoms having increased, she took,in addition, a’ grain and a half of calomel every two hours.No emetic seemed to act, for, on the 1st of April, she tooka drachm of ipecacuanha wine every half hour, to the extent ofan ounce, with no effect. Tracheotomy was now thought of,but the child died before it could be performed.On examining the body, the larynx and trachea were found

greatly inflamed, but no false membrane existed; the rightbronchus was roughened by a deposit of lymph on the mucousmembrane; the ramitications of the bronchial tubes wereloaded throughout with muco-puralent fluid; the lungs werestudded with miliary tubercles, the left lower lobe was much

congested, while that on the opposite side was hepatized, andold pleuritic adhesions existed on both sides; all the otherviscera were normal. The second case was that of a youngwoman under the care of one of his colleagues; she had firstcome under treatment for acute rheumatism, and was subse-quently attacked with laryngitis. At four A.M., on the 26thof April last, she was delivered of her first child. As the dayadvanced, her laryngeal symptoms increased, and 1B:11’. Ander-son, at four P. M., performed laryngotomy. On cutting throughthe skin and cellular tissue, a considerable amount of venoushemorrhage took place, rendering it necessary to wait until itceased; the membrane was then opened, and the canula intro-duced ; this was immediately followed by violent spasm of theglottis, no air passing through the tube; the eyes turned up;the pulse at the wrist stopped; and it was some time beforeshe could be brought round. A similar result followed asecond and third attempt, and though a probe was passedthrough the canula and beyond it no air escaped, showing (aswas supposed) that a false membrane existed internally, blockingup the end of the canula, but not sufficiently fixed to offer thenecessary amount of resistance for the point of the knife to passthrough it. She never completely recovered her conscious-ness after the second attempt to introduce the canula, and, atfive P.M. she died. No examination was allowed.A paper On Phlebitis," by Mr. Weedon Cooke, was also

ead.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

THE Cholera Committee of this Society considering it of

great importance, that in the replies to the queries they haveissued to the profession the results of each epidemy of cholerashould be given, as much as possible, without reference to thoseof other epidemies of this disorder, are very desirous thatthose members of the profession who have obtained the

queries, and who may have witnessed cases of cholera duringthe outbreak of last year, or during the present year, shouldtransmit to the secretaries of the Committee what informationthey are in possession of before another irruption of choleratakes place. The Committee will thankfully receive and ac-knowledge communications on this subject from any quarter;but they more particularly look for valuable contributions toour present knowledge of cholera to the profession at the

following places, which have suffered more or less from thisscourge during the recent epidemic,-namely, Liverpool, New-eastle, Sunderland, Hexham, Crook, Wallsend, Walltown,Alnwick, Stockton, Workington, Eedruth, Leeds, Plymouth;Belfast, Cork, Carrickfergus; Edinburgh, Arbroath, Airdrie,Campbelltown, Dundee, Glasgow, Kilmarnock.Those who may be kind enough to favour the Committee

by returning the queries answered, as far as their means of

observation enable them, may rely upon fresh copies beingat once sent them for recording the results of any futureepidemy; and any member of the profession wishing to obtainthe queries, may be supplied with a copy by notifying hisdesire and address to either of the secretaries of the Com-mittee, Dr. Bryson, 8, Duke-street, St. James’s, or Dr.M’William, 14, Trinity-square, Tower-hill, London.

Reviews and Notices of Books.

Lectures on Histology, delivered at the Royal College ofSui-geo2.. By JOHN QUEKETT, Esq., Resident Conservatorof the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England,and Professor of Histology. Vol. 1. 1852, pp. 213 ; Vol. IL,1854, pp. 413. London: Balliere.

The 3fici-osco_pe and its Aplicatioa to Olinical Jy[edicine.By LIONEL BEALE, M. B. Lond., Professor of Physiologyand General and Morbid Anatomy in King’s College,London. Samuel Highley, 32, Fleet-street.THE rapid advance of human and comparative anatomy,

physiology, and pathology during the present century is

mainly due to the aids furnished by two auxiliary sciences-chemistry and optics. While the ’former is limited to the

proximate and ultimate composition of animal substances, andcan only operate on the complicated organs in the gross, thelatter, by means of the microscope, enables us to separate theindividual tissues of which our complex organs are composed,and in many instances to show the changes produced in theseultimate tissues by the application of chemical reagents. The

great distinction, however, between the two methods is, thatobservation by the microscope can only be made when theobject presents visible form; so that this instrument is in.

applicable to all substances capable of, or existing in solution.Here chemistry steps in, and completes the examination.

Confining our attention at present to the microscope, bywhich the ultimate visible elements of tissues are brought intoview, their nature ascertained, and their form and propertiesdetermined, we may state that so imperfect was this instru-ment in the earlier part even of the present century, prior tothe introduction of achromatic object-glasses, that the elaboratedrawings of Bauer, illustrating the papers of Sir E. Home andothers, are almost all of them ascertained to be illusory, andconsequently worthless, owing to the want of definition in theinstruments employed. But in the admirable microscopes nowmade by our principal opticians this defect is removed, andgreat reliance may be placed on the statements of competentobservers.

Deprecating, as we have done, and still continue to do,many of the political proceedings of the Council of the

College of Surgeons, we must nevertheless award the highestpraise to them for their management of the magnificentmuseum originally committed to their charge by our Govern-ment, for the liberal expenditure of the funds of the College onits maintenance and enlargement, and for the establishment ofthe Professorships of Comparative Anatomy and Histology,by means of which the contents of the museum are annuallyexplained to such members as choose to avail themselves of theopportunity, in the admirable lectures of the two talented

professors.The histological department of the museum, of which the

two volumes under review are illustrative, is of very recentdate. It commenced with a collection formed by ProfessorQuekett, which has been continually augmented under his

auspices until it now numbers no less than fifteen thousand

specimens, illustrative of all departments of natural history,vegetable and animal, fossil and recent.

- The plan of arrangement of this collection is founded on thesame basis as that of Hunter. Commencing with the simpletissues and the lowest form of living beings, it traces the gradualsuperaddition of certain of these elementary tissues as we rise