Epithelial Cells of the Small Intestine(as seen with an LIGHT/OPTICAL microscope)

Cell Membrane (or plasma membrane)

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

microvilli

Add this note to your diag: Microvilli on a Small Intestine Epithelial Cell areonly shown using an Electron Microscope. Microvilli are finger-like projectionsof the epithelial cellthat increase itssurface area to allow more efficientabsorption of food molecules.

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Cell Organelles

• Contains DNA and RNA.• Largest organelle. Bound by a double

membrane with nuclear pores.• DNA is arranged in chromosomes with

genes responsible for control of cell division and protein synthesis.

• Pores allow mRNA to leave nucleus.

• Fluid mosaic structure. Consists of a phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins.

• Main function is to control the passage of substances into and out of cell.

• See also fig 1 on textbook p53

• The term cytoplasm refers to everything between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane). Cytoplasm consists primarily of water. It also contains various organelles as well as salts, dissolved gasses and nutrients.

• Many reactions occur here including aspects of Photosynthesis and Respiration.

• Organelle with a double membrane.

• Surrounded by a ‘sausage shaped’ outer membrane.

• The inner membrane is highly folded into cristae.

• Site of Aerobic Respiration.

• Provides the cell with ATP.

Mitochondria

• The site of aerobic respiration, responsible for producing most of ATP in a cell

• Bound by a double membrane• Inner membrane highly folded

to form cristae.

• RER = Series of thin intricate hollow channels (or tubes). Folds of membrane which are continuous with the nuclear membrane.

• Has a large surface area for attachment of ribosomes.

• Function = Collection and transport of proteins throughout the cell.

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• Very small organelles, about 20nm in diameter.

• Some are found free in the cytoplasm and others are bound onto Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER).

• Function of ribosomes = Synthesize proteins (assemble proteins from amino acids).

• SER. Series of thin intricate hollow channels. Folds of membrane which are continuous with the nuclear membrane.

• Synthesize Lipids and Steroids.

http://av.rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5XSZRwlFW28AAyfvSKMX;_ylu=X3oDMTBvMmFkM29rBHBndANhdl9pbWdfcmVzdWx0BHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=13p7u1m8o/EXP=1158322457/**http%3A//www.seorf.ohiou.edu/%7Etstork/compass.rose/cell.04/er/Smooth%2520Endoplasmic%2520Reticulum.htm

• Golgi Body (or Golgi Apparatus).

• Network of flattened membrane bound sacs. (can look like a pile of mini saucers inside a cell!)

• Receives protein from the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) and prepares/modifies them for secretion by the cell. (e.g. Glycoproteins like mucus e.g. Enzymes).

http://av.rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5XSZRwlFW28A_ybvSKMX;_ylu=X3oDMTBvMmFkM29rBHBndANhdl9pbWdfcmVzdWx0BHNlYwNzcg--/SIG=13a0km5em/EXP=1158322457/**http%3A//www.amersol.edu.pe/class09/_09pdelaf/7th/science/Cell/EndoplasmicReticulum.html

Golgi Body

• Stack of membrane-bound, flattened sacs in the cytoplasm.

• Sacs are fluid-filled and can pinch off to form vesicles.

How Golgi body works

Lysosomes

• Spherical, membrane bound

• Contain enzymes• Digest harmful

material and worn out cell parts.

• Can release enzymes outside the cell (exocytosis)

How Lysosomes Work

Microvilli

• Tiny finger-like projections on membranes of certain cells.

• Increase surface area for absorption

• Collectively form a brush border

Animal Cell Ultrastructure as Seen with an Electron Microscope

Lysosome

Mitochondrion

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Nuclear Membrane

Vesicle forming

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Golgi Body /Apparatus

Vesiclecentriole

Ribosomes

Animal Cell Ultrastructure as Seen with an Electron Microscope

Lysosome

Mitochondrion

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Nuclear Membrane

Vesicle forming

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Golgi Body /Apparatus

Vesiclecentriole

Ribosomes

Independent work1) Finish Cell labels and notes on HB p6

2) Do the Quiz HB p7

3) Read p43-49 textbook & answer Q1,3,4 from peach box on p49.

4) Mark magnification calcs (MS will be sent on e-mail this week)

5) REVISE ALL AS BIOL WORK SO FAR FOR IMPORTANT TEST 2ND DOUBLE LESSON NEXT WEEK.