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Equity Terminology and Concepts Term Definition and Explanation Disparities or Inequality Differences in certain outcomes between segments of the population. Disparities speaks to outcome data that it is not equal. While we want to achieve equality, we cannot solve a problem with an equal solution for all segments of the population. Equity v. Equality = Sameness = Fairness illustration by Interaction Institute for Social Change, http://interactioninstitute.org/ Health Equity The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s definition is: “Health equity is achieved when every person has the opportunity to "attain their full health potential" and no one is "disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position or other socially determined circumstances." Equity OpenSource Leadership’s definition is: “An equitable society would be one in which there are improved outcomes for all and the distribution of resources, opportunities and burdens was not determined, predictable, or disproportionate by race, gender, sexual orientation etc.” OpenSource Leadership further explains that: “Equity is a proactive, strategic approach that accounts for differences in opportunities and burdens, as well as needs, in order to achieve true equality for all.” therefore Equity is an end result as well as a process Social Determinants of Health The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines the social determinants of health as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s description: “Long before we need medical care, our foundation for health begins in our homes, schools, jobs and neighborhoods. For everyone in our nation to have an equal opportunity for good health, more attention must be focused on the social and economic factors that most affect health where we live, learn, work and play.”

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Equity Terminology and Concepts Term  Definition and Explanation 

Disparities or Inequality 

Differences in certain outcomes between segments of the population.  Disparities speaks to outcome data that it is not equal.  While we want to achieve equality, we cannot solve a problem with an equal solution for all segments of the population.  

Equity v. Equality 

= Sameness                      = Fairness illustration by Interaction Institute for Social Change, http://interactioninstitute.org/ 

Health Equity  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s definition is: “Health equity is achieved when every person has the opportunity to "attain their full health potential" and no one is "disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position or other socially determined circumstances."  

Equity  OpenSource Leadership’s definition is: “An equitable society would be one in which there are improved outcomes for all and the distribution of resources, opportunities and burdens was not determined, predictable, or disproportionate by race, gender, sexual orientation etc.” 

OpenSource Leadership further explains that: “Equity is a proactive, strategic approach that accounts for differences in opportunities and burdens, as well as needs, in order to achieve true equality for all.” therefore 

Equity is an end result as well as a process 

Social Determinants of Health 

The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines the social determinants of health as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels. 

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s description:  “Long before we need medical care, our foundation for health begins in our homes, schools, jobs and neighborhoods. For everyone in our nation to have an equal opportunity for good health, more attention must be focused on the social and economic factors that most affect health where we live, learn, work and play.” 

Equity Terminology and Concepts 

The Forces of Structural In/Equities 

Resources  Life’s building blocks are accessible and responsive to the needs and preference of the dominant 

culture. 

Rules  Policies and practices of organizations and social institutions serve or advance the interest of the 

dominant culture.  

Stories  U.S. narratives give value and normality to the dominant culture. 

People  Attitudes and behaviors reflect a belief in the supremacy of a dominant culture. 

Structural 

Inequity 

The ways in which history, culture, ideology, public policies, institutional practices, and personal 

behaviors and beliefs interact to maintain a hierarchy that over‐advantages the dominant culture 

and over‐burdens or under advantages “otherness.” 

Structural 

Inequities: 

Under‐Advantage 

Structural inequity shrinks a person’s options and opportunities, while giving more weight to 

challenges and consequences  based solely on identity.  

Developed by Western States Center. With terms adapted from our partner OpenSource Leadership Strategies. 

Equity Terminology and Concepts 

Structural 

Inequities: 

Over‐Advantage 

Structural privilege enlarges and gives more weight to a person’s  options and opportunities  while 

shrinking challenges and consequences, based solely on identity.  

Structural 

Privilege 

Structural or unearned privilege is benefits enjoyed or disadvantages avoided due to 

membership in a particular group or class that is favored by society 

“Privilege exists when one group has something of value that is denied to others simple because 

of the groups they belong to, rathan because of anything they’ve done or failed to do”  

‐ Peggy McIntosh 

Targeted 

Universalism 

“Targeted Universalism means identifying a problem, particularly one suffered by marginalized 

people, proposing a solution, and then broadening its scope to cover as many people as possible. 

It sees [under‐advantage] populations in American society as the canary in the coal mine. It 

recognizes that problems faced by particular segments of American society are problems that 

could spill over into the lives of everyone. “ 

- by John A. Powell, Stephen Menendian & Jason Reece 

Developed by Western States Center. With terms adapted from our partner OpenSource Leadership Strategies.