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Equity Terminology and Concepts Term Definition and Explanation
Disparities or Inequality
Differences in certain outcomes between segments of the population. Disparities speaks to outcome data that it is not equal. While we want to achieve equality, we cannot solve a problem with an equal solution for all segments of the population.
Equity v. Equality
= Sameness = Fairness illustration by Interaction Institute for Social Change, http://interactioninstitute.org/
Health Equity The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s definition is: “Health equity is achieved when every person has the opportunity to "attain their full health potential" and no one is "disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position or other socially determined circumstances."
Equity OpenSource Leadership’s definition is: “An equitable society would be one in which there are improved outcomes for all and the distribution of resources, opportunities and burdens was not determined, predictable, or disproportionate by race, gender, sexual orientation etc.”
OpenSource Leadership further explains that: “Equity is a proactive, strategic approach that accounts for differences in opportunities and burdens, as well as needs, in order to achieve true equality for all.” therefore
Equity is an end result as well as a process
Social Determinants of Health
The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines the social determinants of health as the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels.
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s description: “Long before we need medical care, our foundation for health begins in our homes, schools, jobs and neighborhoods. For everyone in our nation to have an equal opportunity for good health, more attention must be focused on the social and economic factors that most affect health where we live, learn, work and play.”
Equity Terminology and Concepts
The Forces of Structural In/Equities
Resources Life’s building blocks are accessible and responsive to the needs and preference of the dominant
culture.
Rules Policies and practices of organizations and social institutions serve or advance the interest of the
dominant culture.
Stories U.S. narratives give value and normality to the dominant culture.
People Attitudes and behaviors reflect a belief in the supremacy of a dominant culture.
Structural
Inequity
The ways in which history, culture, ideology, public policies, institutional practices, and personal
behaviors and beliefs interact to maintain a hierarchy that over‐advantages the dominant culture
and over‐burdens or under advantages “otherness.”
Structural
Inequities:
Under‐Advantage
Structural inequity shrinks a person’s options and opportunities, while giving more weight to
challenges and consequences based solely on identity.
Developed by Western States Center. With terms adapted from our partner OpenSource Leadership Strategies.
Equity Terminology and Concepts
Structural
Inequities:
Over‐Advantage
Structural privilege enlarges and gives more weight to a person’s options and opportunities while
shrinking challenges and consequences, based solely on identity.
Structural
Privilege
Structural or unearned privilege is benefits enjoyed or disadvantages avoided due to
membership in a particular group or class that is favored by society
“Privilege exists when one group has something of value that is denied to others simple because
of the groups they belong to, rathan because of anything they’ve done or failed to do”
‐ Peggy McIntosh
Targeted
Universalism
“Targeted Universalism means identifying a problem, particularly one suffered by marginalized
people, proposing a solution, and then broadening its scope to cover as many people as possible.
It sees [under‐advantage] populations in American society as the canary in the coal mine. It
recognizes that problems faced by particular segments of American society are problems that
could spill over into the lives of everyone. “
- by John A. Powell, Stephen Menendian & Jason Reece
Developed by Western States Center. With terms adapted from our partner OpenSource Leadership Strategies.