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Suleiman Odat
Introduction – 20th Century in Paint Project Online portal (www.20thcpaint.org)
o Architectureo Data Uploado Linked Datao Search Interface
What are ontologies, and why do we need them The Ontology of Paintings and PReservation of Art (OPPRA)
o The Semantic Modelo Classes, Properties and Reasoningo Reusing upper-level ontologieso Example querieso Visualizing answers
Future Work Conclusions
Funded by ARC 2008 – 2011 Collaborative project - 10 cultural institutions, 2 universities
across four continents:Uni of Melb / Uni of Qld / Getty / ArtLab / Tate / NSW Art Gal / QLD Art Gal / Tasmanian Museum / Malaysia Art Gal / SAMEO SPAFA
Develop a shared knowledge-base that answers questions relating to painting conservation◦ Art history (Ian Fairweather, Sidney Nolan, Rover Thomas)◦ Artistic techniques – which paints, thinners, whiteners were used◦ Provenance of painting◦ Materials characterisation – physical/chemical composition,
microstructure◦ Paint stability and deterioration mechanisms
Provide tools for data capture, upload, analysis Support online collaboration – Wiki to share expertise Understand issues that effect paint handling, performance and
permanence
QAG
AGNSW
CCMC
Web Interface
Apache Tomcat
Jackrabbit Repository
MySQL Database
Microscopy
ImagesArtists
Ontology
Paint ProvenanceReference
Libraries
Characterisation
DataPublications
User Ids, Passwords, Contact
Details, Access Rights
Public Secure Port Databases
...
Wiki Ontology
Gillian Osmond – investigating effects of temp, humidity & light on formation of zinc oxide crystals
China white – used to lighten acrylic paints◦ Reacts with organic base of acrylic paint
Zinc Soap aggregation has caused a bubbling and cracking in the paint
SEM shows strong correlation between zinc concentration and aggregates
Need to Integrate: Databases – Artists, Artworks/Images, Provenance, Paint
databases, Reference Libraries, Characterisation data, Condition assessments
Publications – text mining Different formats – images, video, text, .... Different metadata/terminologies
Want to answer complex queries: “What is the best way to treat zinc oxide soap crystals in oil
paintings by Ian Fairweather?”
Need Semantic Web Technologies – RDF – Resource Description Framework OWL – Ontology Web Language Semantic annotation tools – tag publications/images with
ontology-based terms
Metadata/Annotations in RDF
o Community knowledge and scholarly mark-up
o Machine processable tags/metadata
o RDF graphs -> OAI-ORE compound objects
Indexing, Search Services
o Full text indexing, keyword search
OWL Ontologies
o Collection organization and discovery
o Database integration and inferencing
SWRL Inferencing rules – 2D feature, 3D object recognition, relationship discovery
In the context of knowledge sharing and reuse
"Ontology” - term is borrowed from philosophy to describe the concepts and relationships about certain knowledge domains
Defined as a set of classes/sub-classes, properties/sub-properties and relationships
Represented as RDF/OWL
Can be processed/understood by computers
Create a set of sub-ontologies (classes/properties) that describe our sub-domains (use Art Architecture Thesaurus (AAT), CAMEO, INCCA, IRUG, etc)o Paintingso Provenanceo Materialso Conservation
Connect the sub-ontologies via an upper ontology Then use logical reasoning applications to connect these
facts and infer new informationo FACT++ / Palleto Ian Fairweather -> had_art_teacher -> Henry Tonks o Henry Tonks -> taught_technique -> tonkingo IanFairweather -> used_technique -> tonking (using absorbent material to soak
excess oil from canvas)
Shareable, re-usable, accessible via Web Defines hierarchies of classes and properties describing:
o Upper Ontology – Thing, Agent, Concept, PhysicalObject, TemporalEntity, SpatialEntity
o Paintings and artistso Painting materials
Chemical composition Structural composition – characterisation
o Provenance (owner, previous history)o Painting techniqueso Degradation/deterioration mechanisms
Cracking, Peeling
o Conservation approaches and materials Cleaning
undergoes
hasSubcla
ss
hasSub
cla
ss
hasSub
cla
ss
hasSub
cla
ss
undergoes
generates
hasSubcla
ss
usesMaterial
hasSubcla
ss
Analyse publications and databases
Map existing and newly generated data to our ontologies
Generate instance data that complies with our ontologies
Store in RDF triple store
Provide SPARQL querying interface
Provide reasoning tools (Pellet/FACT++)
Ontology-based SPARQL querying interface “What solvents will remove surface varnish
from the painting “Epiphany”?◦ QAG - It is painted by Ian Fairweather in 1962◦ NGA - Ian Fairweather used dulux acrylic coated with
shellac◦ CAMEO - The best solvent for removing shellac is
methyl ethyl ketone
Answer = “methyl ethyl ketone” Annotation/Social tagging – community/expert
knowledge – of images and text Provenance capture – semi-automated capture of
conservation events
De Mayern and MOLAR Programs in Netherlands
Molecular Studies in Conservation and Technical Studies in Art History
RKD (Netherlands Institute for Art History)◦ Online Databases
Winsor & Newton Recipes Database◦ 19th Century archive of recipes for artists’ materials◦ Hamilton Kerr Institute, Fitzwilliam Museum◦ http://www-hki.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/archives/wn/
Lazurite – commercial database for painting research
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De Mayerne/MOLART project for 20th Century Art in the Asia Pacific Region?
Shared but Secure, Cross-Disciplinary Knowledge Base for:◦ Art conservators◦ Curators◦ Materials Scientists/Chemists◦ Characterisation experts◦ Information scientists
Social Semantic Network linking people, technologies, instruments & knowledge
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Google Earth type interfaces -> zoom into nanostructure Animations -> show changes over time Visualization of relationships, provenance trails Artists’ births, dates, exhibitions, movement
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Developed a Web Portal http://www.20thcpaint.org/
Developed security gateway of website
Developed interface and repository for locally generated data (characterisation and experimental data)
Developed ontologies (using AAT, CAMEO, plus domain experts) to link cross-disciplinary data◦ Painting, Provenance, Materials, Techniques, Conservation
Next step – use the ontology + SPARQL queries to mediate between local and distributed DBs to answer complex queries
http://www.20thcpaint.org/
Suleiman Odat [email protected]
Supervisors
Prof Jane Hunter [email protected]
Prof John Drennan [email protected]