Ergasia Piano

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2013

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.....................................................................................22...........................................................................................................22 ................................................................23 .........................................25 Prepared Piano.........................................................................26I String Piano..............................................................................27I Tack Piano................................................................................29 Pop .................................................30 .........................................32 ......................................................34

...........................................................................................38 ..........................................................................38 ......................................................39 ..............................................................................44 software .....................................................................52

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, , .

. 14 15 . . .

, , , . , , . Prepared Piano, String Piano, Tack Piano . pop .

, (software) .

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live performance midi keyboard.

.

, , , () , . (). , . . () .

14 15 . . (harpsichord) . Dulcimer . Dulcimer . 1157 , Clavichord. , . . .[1]

, . , , , ,

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. 1735 .

1400, Clavichord ( ) . fretted Gebunden. Bundfrei Clavichord. To Clavichord .

1450 , , , . , , . 13 14 , . , , B , F , , C G .[1]

virginal. Clavichord. spinet Clavichord harpsichord. To harpsichord, (register) , . . 1598 Paliarino Modena Pian e forte. , , .

1709 Pianoforte. Sciopione Maffei pianoforte 1709. harpsichords Hammer Harpsichords. dampers ( ) . 1726 .

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Bartoloneo Christofori 20

harpsichords . . Ligseige . 1726.[1]

Christofori piano

, Christian Ernst Friederici . Fortbien . , 1760 . Johann Christoph Zumpe. 1735 Schiedmayer . 1739 Domenico Del Mela

Grand 1800 Hawkins. 1745 Franciso Perez Mirabal . .

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. . . .

1752 Clementi . Sonata Ops2 harpsichord. Haydn harpsichord (1773). Mozart , . Mozart . Mozart , Clementi .

, ( ). .

1760 , John Joseph Merlin Una Corda Pedal , . 1775, , Johann Behrent . Robert Stodart 1777 1172 . harpsichord , harpsichord . Sebastian Erard . 1783 Broadwood sustain . , Backers 1772 , Una corda Sustain. , harpsichord.

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1800, , , John Isaac Hawkins, . . . 158 mm, . 1801 Edward Riley . Jacobs Ball . 1807 William Southwell ( ) . Erard Roller Double Escapement, . .

, .

1847 GAVEAU, . 1852 Albert Weber WEBER . 1986 Young Chang WEBER . Samsung America. To 1887 o Torakusu Yamaha Yamaha corp. reed organ. 1900 1902 . 1930 Kawai Yamaha . 1956 Kawai 500 1500 . 1960 Yamaha 2200 .[1]

. , 14 ().

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, Praetorius , .[2]

. St. Mary Shrewsbury, 15 , . 1472 Certosa in Tavia, .

Spinnette 1503. , 1521 Albert and Victoria Museum , . .

Ruckers () 1575 1667, virginal 21 502mm . C C . , . Ruckers 1620 C . 1599 F F.

Bonafines Spinettine C 25 . 1690. o Cristofori C C . 1726, 1700 . 1745, Francisco Perez Mirabal . G G.

O Burney, 1774, : , , Merlin, .

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Broadwood 1780 , . O Anton Walter, Mozart, . 1763 Johann Heinrich Silberman Silberman .

1790, Broadwood 1794. Albrecht 5,5 F F. Charleston Museum 1790. Finchcocks Museum Kent, Broadwood Grand 1801 Cat 25 F-F. Amber Kasper, 3,5 F-C 153mm, 160 mm. E .

Hawkins 1803 F-F 5,5 158 mm , . Muller 5 . 1803 1816 Erand F C.

Broadwood 1816 , . C, , F. 1818 . Erand 1824. F C Broadwood 1828 F F . Broadwood Grand Hereford, 1831, C F.

O Broadwood 1840 . 1850 , . Finchcocks Kent, Broadwood Grand 1850 Cat 31 . 1870.

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Chickering .

1908 Bosendorfer F 1969 , . C , C, 97 . 9 6 . 88 C .[2]

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, . 4 5% , .

, . , .[3]

, . . soundboard , , , ,

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, .

, . , . , , . 16 18 , .

soundboard. . , soundboard , . soundboard .

soundboard . , , .

. o soundboard .

, .

, , () . . chipping . .

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. . .

, . . . , . , . .

, . . , . 1.000 . 88 12 .

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, . 1.500 15 ( , ) , .

. . . , ,

. , .

, . .[3] [5]

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o , 17 :

L , . . 4 440 Hz, 2 (1.059463094). . ( ). . F , k . :

dc F . , , (cm), Newtons ( k = 4096). . , 88 .[4]

. 1720

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. . . 260 Hz ( ). , . .

. , .

. 11 3,5 , . ().

, . . . , , . durometer. .

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. , .

. ,

. , , . () .[4]

(soundboards) . ( ). .

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, , soundboard . :

soundboard ( glitter). M soundboard, soundboard. 1g ( , 9,8m/s2) . , . Chladni, .

H soundboard 49 Hz. , soundboard . , , . soundboard , .

2 , 3 8

67 Hz, 89 Hz 184 Hz.

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, , soundboard, , , . soundboard . , soundboard . soundboard .

, , soundboards . , soundboard . soundboard . soundboard, , (Suzuki 1986). soundboard .

soundboard . . soundboard . 48 Hz 60 Hz, . ( ) . , C2 D2 ( 16-18), .

soundboard. . , (FEA),

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soundboard . , , soundboard .[4]

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, , .

. ( 1600 1900) ' 1900. , ' . jazz , free jazz avant-garde jazz. , .

, . .

, key clicks , .

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. , . , , , , , , , , , , .

:

prepared piano,

string piano,

, ( )

,

,

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(flageolet): .

John Cage

, / / .

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'

Robert Schumman Carnaval ( Paganinni) 20 . Bela Bartok . Bagatelles ikrokosmos ( ) .

': . Karlheinz Stockhausen Klavierstucke . Henry Cowell . Sofia Gubaidulina Sonata ,

: glissando ' . . Pizzicato . Glissando . . Jennifer Stasack (Crossing Rivers IV, Movement IV)

Robert Schumman

Bela Bartok Karlheinz Stockhausen

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() ( ). (.. George Crumb, Eleven Echoes of Autumn, Eco I).

M (prepared piano) . John Cage ' . , David Tudor.

( ).[6]

Prepared Piano prepared piano (preparations) /dampers.

. prepared guitar.

John Cage prepared piano . Henry Cowell , , Erik Satie , Cage .

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harpsichord (17 - 18 ), , ( ).

Cage Bacchanale, Syvilla Fort 1938. , Cage , Fort . . , Cage ... , (Cage and Charles, 38).

prepared pianos Sophie Agnel, Koka Nikoladze, Michael Staley, Hiromi Uehara, Philip Corner, Roberto Carnevale, Carson Kievman, Jason Moran, Marina Leonardi, Stephen Scott, and Matteo Marchisano-Adamo. [6]

I String Piano To String piano Henry Cowell (1897 1965) . Cowell 1920, avant-garde .

Cowell Michael Hicks, piano strings Percy Grainger: In a Nutshell (1916 ), . ', Cowell piano string .

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with Strings (1923). Lichtenwanger, Cowell string piano The Sword of Oblivion ( 1920-22) . A Composition (1925), , . Aeolian Harp ( 1923) Cowell string piano , , . M string piano The Banshee (1925) Sinister Resonance ( 1930). O John Cage, Cowell, string piano prepared piano.

Cowell string piano ( George Crumb, , ), 20 , . inside-the-piano , . , Crumb (.. Makrokosmos, vols. 1 and 2 [1972, 1973]), Halim El-Dabh, Sofia Gubaidulina (.. Dancer on a Tightrope [1993]), Mauricio Kagel (.. Trio in drei Satzen [1984-85]), Carl Orff (.. Antigonae [1949]), Karlheinz Stockhausen (.. Klavierstucke XII-XIV [1979-84]), Toru Takemitsu (.. Corona for Pianists [1962]), David Tudor. O Stephen Scott string piano .

, Keith Tippett inside-the-piano. , Cage, , Tippett , , .[6]

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I Tack Piano

prepared piano . tack piano . , . tack piano honky-tonk, 20 . . , , . , ( , ) . voicing needle. , .[6]

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Pop prepared piano mainstream pop 1953 Ferrante and Teicher dual-piano album Hi-FiRework. prepared piano Flying Lizards version Barrett Strong's "Money (That's What I Want)". 1979 Lodger David Bowie, Brian Eno "" prepared piano, "African Night Flight". Ernst Horn group Deine Lakaien "" prepared piano , "The Mirror Men". To 1994 Tori Amos "" prepared piano "Bells for Her" album "Under the Pink" ( live). O Chris Bulter's The Waitresses prepared piano "No Guilt". Elton John prepared piano ( "Daniel" and "Philadelphia Freedom") " ". Chris Brown prepared piano, Gazamba from the shell of a Wurlitzer electric piano, . Christine McVie, Fleetwood Mac, prepared upright () piano (metal bar attachment) "Sara" album "Tusk". (nine inch nails) prepared piano "La mer" . Matt Bellamy Muse prepared grand piano Absolution (2003), "Sing For Absolution", Christian Wolff prepared piano 2007.

auschka - Volker Bertelmann Dusseldorf. Volker, 10 , prepared , .

Volker , , , .

The Prepared Piano Hauschka Erik Satie, John Cage toy-pop Klimperei. : prepared

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piano . Cage , tapes, , . , prepared piano avant-garde . . Frank Pahl, Pascal Comelade Klimperei, , toy instruments. O Volker Bertelmann, , ( Morning). , , . . Bertelmann , overtone, larger-than-life . feel-good , , [7]

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' . . , , .

, 6 ( ) hyperpiano, ' . , . 6 ( ) .

(suspended) . . . (tuning pins) ( ) . , , , , ( ) .

stop, slide, bow, pluck, strum strike. O . Stop , slide , bow ,

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pluck , strum , strike .

. ' . , . , , . , . , . , .

( ), , ( ). , , . , ( ) , . , C2 ( C) , G3 G4.

H . , ( ) slide ( ) slide ( ). , , , ( ) , ( ) . , ( ) , .

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. , , .[8]

, , , . , , , , , . . () () .

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, . , (suspended) . , , , , . .

.

. , , . , .

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. , ' , .

CD

T . .

, . , , , , .

Mallets

mallets : .

. (

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) / .[8]

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software . MIDI keyboard.

(YAMAHA c108) Studio .

:

:

. : Mutes(), Plucked ( ), Bowed ( ).

:

, .

:

, software .

/ :

. Plucked Piano, Bowed Piano . sampler Kontakt.

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software ( VSTi) MIDI keyboard sequencer . .

. . YAMAHA c108 Live Room Studio.

. , . . .

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. ( ). , . ( ) .

, . . . .

(Pluck piano).

. . . 5 .

2 3 . . /, .

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. . .

. . , , .

2 3 + 5.

. . (Mute Piano).

, , , .

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.

. . . , 150-250 . "" .

.

, . . . . , . , (bowed piano).

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, . - .

. . . - .

, , . .

, . . slides .

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. :

(Plucked Piano)

(Muted Piano)

(Bowed Piano)

. live. Neumann U87i 2 Shoeps CMC 5-UG MK 4G . 2 Shoeps stereo . 30 cm , . .

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.

Presonus ADL600. , Audio Workstation software Cubase 6, Soundscape/Apogee. Sample Rate 48 kHz 24Bit Resolution. .

software . .

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(Plucked Piano) , . .

software . Round Robin x4. software (repetition). 4 group . 4 .

. 5 .

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.

software Sustain pedal. Sustain , . sustain . sustain ..

. sustain 5 . - (.wav) start-time sampler.

(muted piano) . . . .

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sustain pedal. sustain .

, 4 , .

. . . . . . Velocity . software .

, sustain . Shoeps .

(bowed piano) . . . .

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3,5 . pitch shifting.

sustain . release software . release software , . .

(articulation). staccato. sforzando. software .

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session . software . . , Hi-Hat snare . . ( ) .

.

() . punch .

( Shure Beta 52A) .

. Hi-Hats.

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session (sound-effects). (slide) . slide . To ( ) .

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software . .

' . software .

(-) . (sample-based instruments).

/ Sampler. samplers 60 ( EMS Musys) 30 ( Lichttonorgel). ' , , sampler. sampler , . , samplers . software samplers - .

Sampler Kontakt Native Instruments. (Stand-alone) software sequencer. ( VST, RTAS ). Kontakt

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MIDI keyboard/ . setup .

ontakt . .

(.wav) sampler.

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(Plucked Piano) , sampler.

To Plucked piano :

5

Round Robin x4

Velocity Low-Pass Attack

Sustain pedal

Mapping Editor Sampler - . o C0 C0. . 5 , pitch shifting ( ). F#0 F0 . Pitch Shifting Kontakt . Mapping Editor .

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4 4 group. . 4 group Plucked piano. group Round Robin. Group . group (repetition) . , C1 Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 Group 4.

Group . Shotgun Effect Round Robin. , Shotgun Effect .

Kontakt group . Group 4 Group 1.

Velocity . . . Velocity Layers Group, RAM. Velocity.

Synthesizers. Low-Pass (Cutoff) Velocity Sampler . Velocity 0 Cutoff 95Hz

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Velocity 127 Cutoff 20kHz. . (piano, forte ). Cutoff Velocity. . Velocity Curve MIDI keyboards.

Cutoff frequency Velocity .

. / (amplitude envelope) . sampler note on attack . sampler note off release . Sustain Pedal note off Sampler ( sustain ) pedal. . Velocity. HiPass Attack Velocity. ' attack . Plucked piano Attack-Velocity.

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. . ( Velocity) . (Volume). , (micro tuning / ).

(muted piano) sampler. .

3,5

Velocity Layers

Velocity

Sustain pedal

Kontakt Velocity Layers. / sampler Velocity. F1 . sampler Note On Velocity 0 32, 33 64

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65 127. F1 Velocity 45 .

Velocity Layers . software Piano (piano, mezzo piano, forte) Velocity Layers sampler.

Velocity Layers . . . sustain. . Velocity Layers.

F1 , . 3,5 MIDI keyboard . .

Velocity Layers 2 7. Pitch Shifting . ( ) . , 5 + 5.

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Mapping Editor .

, . Velocity Volume .

Sustain pedal Plucked piano.

tuning.

, ( ) ( Velocity Layers) . Piano Bass.

(bowed piano) software bowed piano. sampler.

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Sustain Staccato.

Bowed Piano Sustain :

3,5

Loop ' Sustain

release

Kontakt Pitch Shifting Mapping Editor.

Loop (). , , . . sampler MIDI keyboard .

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.

sampler ' . . , (start point) .

. , Release Sample. sampler Note Off. sampler / Note on . Note Off release sample.

.

Cross-Fade , ,

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.

, Velocity Volume .

Bowed Piano Staccato :

3

Round Robin x3

Sustain Pedal

staccato pitch shifting . Mapping Editor Kontakt :

Round Robin. Group Plucked Piano.

Sustain Sampler Note

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Off. Plucked Muted Piano.

sampler. . Round Robin Velocity Layers . . patterns . . . Release .

(SFX) . slides . Release .

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Performance View , interface Kontakt.

To Kontakt Script Editor . KSP .

KSP Interface (performance view Kontakt) background Knobs () Reverb . Knobs Amount Color. Script () :

1. On init (callback) end On / .

2. rack Kontakt interface (performance view).

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3. interface ( Reverb ), . Knobs Shortcuts Reverb, performance view .

4. ' Knob (on ui_control) Knob Reverb. ( Insert Effect 1 .

Kontakt.

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software , .

/ , , . , .

software . . , drums/, lead , .

.

software .

Plucked Piano . . Sequencer Strumming ( ) . Bach . , Sequencer . .

Muted Piano software .

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Note Velocity . Lead synthesizers. , . Sequencer demo.

Bowed Piano . Contra , . . staccato ostinatos arpeggios. demo.

, patterns drums. , Kick drums Toms, Hi Hat .

, .

MIDI

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. . Compression EQ Reverb Delay, .

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. , , .

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, , -. , , .

- . . mute piano. . software .

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:http://www.piano-tuners.org [1] History of the piano 1157 2013[2] History on piano harpsichord Keys and Keyboard [3] Welmar piano factory tour

http://www.speech.kth.se [4] Harold A. Conklin Jr - Piano design factors

[5] http://www.pianorestoring.com

http://wikipedia.org[6] Piano extended technique

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Prepared-piano[7] In popular music

http://www.denmanmaroney.com/Hyper.html[8] Hyperpiano / Extended Piano Performance Techniques

by Denman F. Maroney

Prepared PianoI String PianoI Tack Piano Pop

software

Documents

Ergasia Piano