Ernest's Solar

8/2/2019 Ernest's Solar

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Ernest Yeoh T16327

INTRODUCTION

Photovoltaic offer consumers the ability to generate electricity in a clean, quiet and reliable

way. Photovoltaic systems are comprised of photovoltaic cells, devices that convert light

energy directly into electricity. Because the source of light is usually the sun, they are often

called solar cells. The word photovoltaic comes from photo, meaning light, and

voltaic, which refers to producing electricity. Therefore, the photovoltaic process is

producing electricity directly from sunlight. Photovoltaic are often referred to as PV. PV

systems are being installed by Texans who already have grid supplied electricity but want

to begin to live more independently or who are concerned about the environment. For some

applications where small amounts of electricity are required, like emergency call boxes, PV

are often cost justified even when grid electricity is not very far away. When applications

require larger amounts of electricity and are located away from existing power lines,

photovoltaic systems can in many cases offer the least expensive, most viable option. In

use today on street light, gate openers and other low power tasks, photovoltaic are gaining

popularity in Texas and around the world as their price declines and efficiency increases.

Objectives

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The objectives of this laboratory are to:

Measure the IV characteristic of a silicon solar cell.

Determine the short circuit current and open circuit voltage of a commercial PV

module in both artificial and daylight conditions.

Investigate the variation in short circuit current and open circuit voltage as a function

of module tilt angle.

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Equipment

Renewable energy monitor

Below figure show a renewable energy monitor, it can measure and calculate the value of

the voltage (V), current (I), power (W), resistance (), joules (J) and rpm (revolution per

minutes).

Figure: Renewable energymonitor.

Potentiometer

Below figure show apotentiometer it has 3 terminals

left, center and right. It can

vary the resistance from 0 to100 ohms. In this lab use

potentiometer as a load to experiment for both consume and regulate the power being

produced.

Figure: Potentiometer.

Solar panel

Solar panel other name call asphotovoltaic panel. It is packaged and connected with PV

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cell (photovoltaic cell). From figure below the white in color line is a connection and

connected with series with the PV cell. The dark blue in color is PV cell, from the

figure1.3.a showing it got 4 PV cell. In the bottom of solar panel got red and black femalesocket, the red in color is anode and the black in color is cathode. It produce direct current.

Figure: Solar panel.

Desk lamp

This table lamp is the type use as in the laboratory forexperiment.

Figure: Table lamp.

Setup for the Equipment

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Experiment Results

(1) When the PV cell is placed directly to the PV cell: 0o

Resistance Voltage (v) Current (mA) Power (mW)

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0 0.125 45 5.629

10 0.535 42 22.47

20 1.301 41 53.54

30 1.787 39 69.69

40 1.927 29 55.88

50 1.987 19 37.7560 2.009 12 24.11

70 2.028 10 20.28

80 2.038 5 10.19

90 2.045 2 4.09

100 2.045 2 4.09

Table 1: When the PV cell isplaced directly to the PV cell 0degree.

Voc = 2.108V (Practically)

Voc = 2.045V (From the graph below)

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(2) When the PV cell is placed 45 degree to right from the lamp:

Resistance Voltage (v) Current (mA) Power (mW)

0 0.101 35 3.54

10 0.535 32 17.12

20 1.093 31 33.83

30 1.620 30 48.60

40 1.804 26 46.90

50 1.914 19 36.37

60 1.955 12 23.46

70 1.974 10 19.74

80 1.991 8 15.93

90 2.004 5 10.02100 2.004 2 4.01

Table 2: When the PV cell is 45 degree to right from the lamp.

Voc (Practically) = 1.938V

Voc (from the graph above) = 2.004

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(3) When the PV cell is placed 45 degree to left from the lamp:

Resistance Voltage (v) Current (mA)

0 0.167 35

10 0.543 32

20 1.141 31

30 1.626 30

40 1.843 26

50 1.930 19

60 1.968 12

70 1.988 10

80 2.003 9

90 2.013 5100 2.013 2

Table 3: When the PV cell is 45 degree to left from the lamp.

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Questions

1. What differences did you observe between VOC and ISC in the laboratory and outside

for the large solar panel?

From table show that the difference between Voc for inside and outside is not muchdifference. It just varies bout 0.2 voltage. The Isc for outside and inside also differ 0.01A.

The values differs maybe cause of the change of light amount that expose on panel.

Different angel of sun rays may varies the result.

2. How do VOC and ISC change for the different tilt angel and different shading

situations?

Voc Isc0 2.102 0.033

45 2.073 0.009

-45 2.070 0.009

From the result shown in table above, for Voc and Isc for the 45 angle is same. Its because

when the short circuit and open the exposure of light doesnt seem to be important. The

area that get rays is similar on the both side. For the 0 the Voc and Isc is high because that

0 Voc Isc

Outside 2.113 0.055

Inside 1.912 0.041

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is the maximum voltage and current of the solar panel.

3. Why must you keep the ammeter on the same scale during the experiment in steps1-4?

The output current from the PV cell is in milliampere. To have accurate reading, a suitable

scale of ammeter must be used to avoid some interference. By changing the scale of

ammeter will affect the results that obtained.

4. How many PV cells are there in the commercial module? How are these connected

together?

In the commercial module are using 4 PV cells, because the solar panel the dark blue in

color is PV cells. Thus this solar penal it got 4 PV cells. From the figure below are showedthe solar panel without shaded is 2V and it show an object shaded 3 PV cells remain 1 with

0.58 voltage. From the result if in series in PV cells the voltage will be add to together it

around more than 2V. If not parallel in PV cells, the voltage will be per PV cell voltage.Overall, this solar is connected with series.

Figure: The solar without shadedthe voltage is 2V.

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Figure: The single pv cell voltage is around 0.5V.

5. From your graph in step 5, determine approximately the point on the graph where

the solar cell produces its maximum power.

From the graph below, the maximum power achieved when its at the maximum point

before the graph line start to decrease. According to these graph, the maximum point is

1.858V and 0.019A.

Maximum Power

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Conclusion

In this assignment, I learned the Isc and Voc the value answer in indoor and outdoor.

Outdoor given the output is more than indoor is because solar cell converts the light energy

into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. In the shading situations with difference angle of

solar panel will affect the output power. And learning how to testing the solar panel is in

series or parallel in solar cells and also analysis the solar panel design for the purpose.

Example, when solar panel is shaded, it still can receive less photon or light by the

transparent layer reflection to the solar to prevent solar cells switch off. For the power from

the solar panel result is let me to understand the important point. To find safety level power

and the best performance apply in to devices. Overall, it is renewable energy and green

technology. In future life, photovoltaic market will be increase because it is a lot of human

is attention on renewable energy.

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References

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell

http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htm

http://www.ehow.com/info_8029907_solar-power-science-experiments.html

http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/7230

http://pvcdrom.pveducation.org/MODULE/Mismatch.htm

http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htm

http://www.ehow.com/info_8029907_solar-power-science-experiments.html

http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/7230

http://solar.calfinder.com/blog/going/solar-thermal-vs-solar-pv/

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cellhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htmhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8029907_solar-power-science-experiments.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8029907_solar-power-science-experiments.htmlhttp://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/7230http://pvcdrom.pveducation.org/MODULE/Mismatch.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htmhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8029907_solar-power-science-experiments.htmlhttp://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/7230http://solar.calfinder.com/blog/going/solar-thermal-vs-solar-pv/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cellhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htmhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8029907_solar-power-science-experiments.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8029907_solar-power-science-experiments.htmlhttp://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/7230http://pvcdrom.pveducation.org/MODULE/Mismatch.htmhttp://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/solar-cell.htmhttp://www.ehow.com/info_8029907_solar-power-science-experiments.htmlhttp://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/7230http://solar.calfinder.com/blog/going/solar-thermal-vs-solar-pv/


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http://www.total.com/en/our-energies/alternative-energy/solar-

energy/background/photovoltaic-922683.html

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http://www.total.com/en/our-energies/alternative-energy/solar-energy/background/photovoltaic-922683.htmlhttp://www.total.com/en/our-energies/alternative-energy/solar-energy/background/photovoltaic-922683.htmlhttp://www.total.com/en/our-energies/alternative-energy/solar-energy/background/photovoltaic-922683.htmlhttp://www.total.com/en/our-energies/alternative-energy/solar-energy/background/photovoltaic-922683.html

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