ERT 417/4 WASTE TREATMENT IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY SEM 1 (2009/2010) ‘Management of Waste’ By; Mrs Hafiza Binti Shukor

ERT 417/4 WASTE TREATMENT IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRYSEM 1 (2009/2010)

‘Management of Waste’

By; Mrs Hafiza Binti Shukor


In-Plant Control

1. Good housekeeping –avoid accidental spills.2. Technical modification –increase efficiency

equipment ,less waste3. Process modification-involving substitution of

chemical which are less polluting & alternative process (clean process)

4. Reduction in consumption- water.chemical (less ww, lower pollutant concentration)

5. Maintenance of equipment-less wastage, avoid leakage, accurate flowrate.

6. Reconfiguration of the process- less waste, less pollutant concentration,etc

7. Minimize/optimize chemical dosage-less waste, less pollutant concantration.

Measures that can effectively reduce the extent of pollution causes by wastewater.


8. Purify raw materials –lower pollutant in ww.9. Training of employees- avoid wastage, better

control of process, less waste.10.Have company pollution prevention plant- avoid &

minimize wastage @ pollution.11.Recover valueble component of ww- avoid escape

into the WWTP.12.Spillage containment- avoid pollutant escape into

the ww system.13.Proper storage and handling- avoid spilling,

accidental leakage.14.Replacement of worn- out tanks, leaky pipes-avoid

leaking and pollutants from entering the ww system.

15.Improve supervision.


Is a procedure used to increase the solids content of sludge by removing a portion of the liquid fraction. Is generally by physical means icluding co-settling, gravity settling, flotation, centrifugation, gravity belt, and rotatry drum.

THICKENING

for volume reduction reduce tank capacity and

equipment required. reduce chemical quantity

required for sludge conditioning

reduce heat required by digesters

reduce auxiliary required for heat drying or incineration or both.

AIMS?


Gravity thickeningCentrifugal thickeningGravity belt thickeningFlotation thickeningRotary drum thickening

Method of Thickening



Digestion?

Many sludges are treated using a variety of digestion techniques, the purpose of which is to reduce the amount of organic matter and the number of disease-causing microorganisms present in the solids. The most common treatment options include anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and composting.


ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Is among the oldest processes used for the stabilization of solids and biosolids. Involves the decomposition of organic matter and inorganic matter (principally sulfate) in the absence of molecular oxygen.The major applications of anaerobic digestion are in the destabilization of concentrated sludge produced from the treatment of municipal or industrial ww.Is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen and is widely used to treat wastewater.As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a renewable energy source because the process produces a methane and carbon dioxide rich biogas suitable for energy production helping replace fossil fuels.


Also, the nutrient-rich digestater can be used as fertiliser.The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials in order to break down insoluble organic polymers such as carbohydrates and make them available for other bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. Acetogenic bacteria then convert these resulting organic acids into acetic acid, along with additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Methanogens, finally are able to convert these products to methane and carbon dioxide


Anaerobic digestion & regenerative thermal oxidiser component of Lübeck mechanical biological treatment plant in Germany, 2007

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haase_Lubeck_MBT.JPG


Aerobic digestion is a bacterial process occurring in the presence of oxygen. Under aerobic conditions, bacteria rapidly consume organic matter and convert it into carbon dioxide. Once there is a lack of organic matter, bacteria die and are used as food by other bacteria. This stage of the process is known as endogenous respiration. Solids reduction occurs in this phase. Because the aerobic digestion occurs much faster than anaerobic digestion, the capital costs of aerobic digestion are lower. However, the operating costs are characteristically much greater for aerobic digestion because of energy costs for aeration needed to add oxygen to the process

AEROBIC DIGESTION



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ERT 417/4 WASTE TREATMENT IN BIOPROCESS INDUSTRY SEM 1 (2009/2010) ‘Management of Waste’ By; Mrs Hafiza Binti Shukor