ERT 423 PROJEK TAHUN AKHIR TAKLIMAT FORMAT PENULISAN TESIS UNTUK PEMBENTANGAN PROJEK TAHUN AKJIR PUAN ROZAINI ABDULLAH KOORDINATOR ERT 423 PROJEK TAHUN

ERT 423 PROJEK TAHUN AKHIRERT 423 PROJEK TAHUN AKHIR

TAKLIMAT FORMAT PENULISAN TAKLIMAT FORMAT PENULISAN TESIS UNTUK PEMBENTANGAN TESIS UNTUK PEMBENTANGAN

PROJEK TAHUN AKJIRPROJEK TAHUN AKJIR

PUAN ROZAINI ABDULLAHKOORDINATOR ERT 423 PROJEK TAHUN

AKHIRPROGRAM KEJURUTERAAN BIOPROSES

1. TYPING Space 1.5 spacing

Format file MS Word (doc.)

Font Times New Roman

Size Font 12 point

Figure/Table caption –Font Size

12 point (single spacing for long tables, long equation, notes, footnotes & reference enteries.)

Margin Top edge: 2.5 cm or 1 inchRight side: 2.5 cm or 1 inchLeft Side: 3.5 cm or 1.35 inchBottom edge : 2.5 cm or 1 inch

Numbering Center at bottom edge

TAB 1 cm

2. SUBDIVISONCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Background1.2 Problems Statement1.3 Scope of the study1.4 Objectives

3-5 pages

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Example 1:

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Biolubricant2.1.1 Type of Biolubricant2.1.2 Source of Biolubricant2.1.2 Physico-chemical Properties of Biolubricant

2.2 Jatropha curcas2.2.1 Source of Jatropha curcas 2.2.1.1 Jatropha curcas from Malaysia 2.2.1.2 Jatropha curcas from Indonesia

2.3 Oil Blend2.3.1 Application of Oil Blend2.3.1 Advantages Oil Blend As Biolubricant

2.4 Design of Experiment (DOE)2.5 Kinetic Study of Oil Blend

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

Example 2:

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Materials3.2 Oil Extraction3.3 Determination of Physico-chemical Properties Of Oil Extraction

3.3.1 Total Fat Content3.3.2 Acid Value3.3.3 Peroxide value

3.4 Determination of Physico-chemical Properties Of Oil Blend3.4.1 Total Fat Content3.4.2 Acid Value3.4.3 Peroxide value

3.5 Oil Blending3.6 Screening of Oil Blend (JCO+Safflower Oil)3.7 Optimization of Oil Blend (JCO_Safflower Oil)

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Example 3:

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Comparison of Physico-chemical Properties-Before and After Blending

4.2 Fatty Acid Composition4.3 Functional Group Identification – FTIR4.4 Screening of Effect Parameters – Oil Blending4.5 Optimization of Oil Blending4.6 Characterization of Oil Blend as Biolubricant Application

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION

5.1 Summary5.2 Recommendations for Future Projects5.3 Commercialization Potential

3- 4 Pages

3. TABLES

Position Center on the pages within perscribed margin

Caption On the above table

Spacing

Number of Table According to the chapterwhere the table would be.

Long table (if exceed more than 1 page)

Write as:Table 1.2 Continue at upper table for the next page.

Example 4: Non-numbering Style

Expected Oxirane Oxygen Content (OOC)

Weight of sample (g)

1 to 4 1.0 to 0.8

4 to 8 0.8 to 0.4

8 to 12 0.4 to 0.25

12 to 16 0.25 to 0.20

16 to 20 0.20 to 0.15

Table 3.1: Recommended sample weights of oxirane oxygen determination.

12 point Times New Romans (single spacing for long tables, long equation, notes,

footnotes & reference enteries.)

Source: Swern et al. (2010).

Example 5: Numbering Style



1 to 4 1.0 to 0.8

4 to 8 0.8 to 0.4

8 to 12 0.4 to 0.25

12 to 16 0.25 to 0.20

16 to 20 0.20 to 0.15

Table 3.1: Recommended sample weights of oxirane oxygen determination [4].

You may choose either non-numbering or numbering style in your thesis writing

You may choose either non-numbering or numbering style in your thesis writing



1 to 4 1.0 to 0.8

4 to 8 0.8 to 0.4

8 to 12 0.4 to 0.25

12 to 16 0.25 to 0.20

16 to 20 0.20 to 0.15

Table 3.1: Continue

Any table/figure/etc that you mention in the thesis must be appear/explain in the text of any paragraph of any chapter.

The position of the table either before or after the explanation.

Any table/figure/etc that you mention in the thesis must be appear/explain in the text of any paragraph of any chapter.

The position of the table either before or after the explanation.

Example 6: If your table exceed more than 1 page, the caption for the continues table only type as below:


4. FIGURESPosition Center on the pages within

perscribed margin

Caption Below the figure

Number of Figure According to the chapterwhere the table would be.

Spacing 12 font Times New Roman (Single Spacing)

Figures copy from others sources

Write as: Figure 1.1

Photograph by your owned Write as: Plate 1.1

Format of your figures .jpeg Or .tiff

Size of your figures ≤ 10 cm x 10 cm

Example 7:

Figure 1.1: Production of Jatropha Seed Oil

Border: Black1 – 1.5 weight


Re-type by using insert text in MSWords.

Example 8:

Figure 1.1: Production of Jatropha Seed Oil [4].

Border: Black1 – 1.5 weight

Example 9:

If this figure not clear, you need to re-draw if it is necessary.

Example 10:

Plate 1.1: Milk clotting.

Example 11:

Figure 1.2: Transesterification reaction.

If the figure from internet/journal/etc not clear please used chemdraw software to sketch it.

R OH + R"O R

O

R" OH +R'O R

O

Figure 1.2: Transesterification reaction.



http://www.cambridgesoft.com/Ensemble_for_Chemistry/ChemDraw/

http://scistore.cambridgesoft.com/ScistoreSoftwareDisplay.aspx?Trial=Trial/

http://www.acdlabs.com/resources/freeware/chemsketch/

4. EquationsThe procedure for determination of peroxide value was started with 2 g of sample was weighted into

the 250 mL flask. The corrected ratio 3:2 of acetic acid –chloroform was added into the flask. Then, 0.5 mL of saturated potassium iodide was added and swirling the solution in 1 minute before adding of 30 mL distilled water. After that, 0.01 N sodium thiosulphate solutions were titrating gradually and vigorously shaking. The titration step was finished when a blue colour just disappears. Besides that, for sample contain high peroxide value, 0.01 N sodium thiosulphate solution was titrated until yellow iodine colour has most disappeared before starch indicator was added to continues titration until colour just almost disappears. Finally, blank test was carried out using the same procedure. Finally the peroxide value was calculated using Equation 3.10 (Salimon et al. 2006).

Peroxide value = (Vs-Vb ) N x 1000 (3.10)

WWhere,

Vs=Volume in milliliters, of the sodium thiosulphate solution of normality N,

used for determinationVb= Volume in milliliters of the sodium thiosulphate solution used for the blank

testW=Weight in grams of the test portionN is the normality of the sodium thiosulphate solution

4. References-Journal: 1 AuthorAuthor Name. Year. Article Title. Name of Journal. Edition(month or no. publishing). Page number.

Example 12:

Cermak, V. (1975). Combined Heat Flow and Heat Measurements in the Bohemian Generation Massif, Journal of

Geothermics, 4(3), pp. 19-26.

In thesis writing Non-numbering system:

The scope of peroxide value test is suitable for all normal fats and oils. In application, peroxide value can be used as an indicator to measure early oxidation process products (Salimon, 2006).

According to Salimon (2006) the scope of peroxide value test is suitable for all normal fats and oils. In application, peroxide value can be used as an indicator to measure early oxidation process products.

OR

Author Name. Year. Article Title. Name of Journal. Edition(month or no. publishing). Page number.

Example 13: One Author

Cermak, V. (1975). Combined Heat Flow and Heat Measurements in the Bohemian Generation Massif, Journal of

Geothermics, 4(3), pp. 19-26.

In thesis writing Numbering system:

The scope of peroxide value test is suitable for all normal fats and oils. In application, peroxide value can be used as an indicator to measure early oxidation process products [5].

According to Salimon [5], the scope of peroxide value test is suitable for all normal fats and oils. In application, peroxide value can be used as an indicator to measure early oxidation process products.

4. References-Journal: 1 Author

4. References-Journal: 2 Authors

Example 14:


Cermak, C.S. and Isbell, T.A. (2009), Synthesis and physical properties of mono-estolides with varying chain lenghts, Industrial Crops and Products, 29, pp. 205-213.

Synthesis of long chain capped estolide was conducted without solvent in 1000 mL three neck flask (Cermak and Isbell, 2009).

OR

Cermak and Isbell (2009) stated that, synthesis of long chain capped estolide was conducted without solvent in 1000 mL three neck flask.

4. References-Journal: 2 Authors

Example 15:


Cermak, C.S. and Isbell, T.A. (2009), Synthesis and physical properties of mono-estolides with varying chain lenghts, Industrial Crops and Products, 29, pp. 205-213.

Synthesis of long chain capped estolide was conducted without solvent in 1000 mL three neck flask [5].

OR

Cermak and Isbell [5] stated that, synthesis of long chain capped estolide was conducted without solvent in 1000 mL three neck flask.

4. References-Journal: More 2 Authors

Example 16:


Isbell, T.A., Lowery, B.A., DeKeyser, S.S., Winchell, M.L. and Cermak, S.C. (2006),Physical properties of triglyeceride estolides from lesquerella and castor oils, Industrial Crops and Products, 23(4), pp. 255-263.

Lesquerella and castor triglyceride estolides improved the physical properties (Isbell et al., 2009).

OR

Isbell et al. (2009) conclude that, Lesquerella and castor triglyceride estolides improved the physical properties


Example 17:



Lesquerella and castor triglyceride estolides improved the physical properties (Isbell et al., 2009).

OR

Isbell et al. (2009) conclude that, Lesquerella and castor triglyceride estolides improved the physical properties


Example 18:



Lesquerella and castor triglyceride estolides improved the physical properties [5]

OR

Isbell et al. [5] conclude that, Lesquerella and castor triglyceride estolides improved the physical properties

4. References: Conference or Proceeding

Kua Lay Chim, Rozaini Abdullah, Zarina Zakaria & Huzairy Hassan, (2012). Studies Of Potential Plant Parts Of Kesinai (Streblus Asper) For Protease Production, Proceeding Malaysian International

Conference on Trends in Bioprocess Engineering, Kedah, Langkawi, pp 105-115.

Author(s), (year). Article Title, Name of conference, Location of conference, page number.

Example 19:

4. References: Books

Sze, S.M. (2012). Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, United Kingdom.

Author(s), (year). Title of book in italic, Edition number, Name of publisher, publication.

Example 20:

4. References: Thesis

Author(s), (year). Title thesis in italic, Type of publication, Name of institution, country.

Example 21:

Sze, S.M. (2012). The production of glucose from paddy straw, MSc. Thesis, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia.

4. References List: Non-numbering system

Swern, D., Thomas, W.F., Geraldine, N.B., and John T.S. (1947). Determination of oxirane oxygen, Eastern Regional Research laboratory, Philadelphia 18.

Tan, S.G., and Chow, W.S. (2010). Biobased epoxidized vegetable oils and its greener epoxy blends : a review, Polymer-Plastic Technology and Engineering, 49, pp. 1581-1590.

Wagner, H., Luther, R., and Theo, M. ( 2001). Lubricant base fluids based on renewable raw materials their catalytic manufacture and

modification, Applied Catalysis A. 221, pp. 429-442.

4. References List: Numbering system

[1] Swern, D., Thomas, W.F., Geraldine, N.B., and John T.S. (1947). Determination of oxirane oxygen, Eastern Regional Research laboratory, Philadelphia 18.

[2] Wagner, H., Luther, R., and Theo, M. ( 2001). Lubricant base fluids based on renewable raw materials their catalytic manufacture and modification, Applied Catalysis A. 221, pp. 429-442.

[3] Tan, S.G., and Chow, W.S. (2010). Biobased epoxidized vegetable oils and its greener epoxy blends : a review, Polymer-Plastic

Technology and Engineering, 49, pp. 1581-1590.

http://www.mendeley.com/download-mendeley-desktop/

USED THIS LINK TO HELP YOU TO ORGANIZE ALL YOUR REFERENCES.

THANK YOU.

Documents

ERT 423 PROJEK TAHUN AKHIR TAKLIMAT FORMAT PENULISAN TESIS UNTUK PEMBENTANGAN PROJEK TAHUN AKJIR PUAN ROZAINI ABDULLAH KOORDINATOR ERT 423 PROJEK TAHUN