Erzurum (Turkey)_integrated English (Turkish)

7/28/2019 Erzurum (Turkey)_integrated English (Turkish)

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INTEGRATED ENGLISH REFERENCE NOTES

Prof. Dr. Ziya YURTTA

Atatrk University College of Agriculture Publication Number: 66

ERZURUM_1999

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

FIRST PART- ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN SUMMARY................................................11. TENSES (Zamanlar) .......................................................................................................12. MODALS (Modal Yardmc Fiiller) ..............................................................................63. ACTIVE-PASSIVE (Etgen-Edilgen) .............................................................................84. DIRECT - INDIRECT (Aktarmal fadeler) ................................................................95. RELATIVE PRONOUNS (lgi Zamirleri)..................................................................106. CAUSATIVE FORM (Ettirgen Yap) .........................................................................117.TAG QUESTIONS (Tag Sorular)................................................................................118. PARTICIPATION (Katlm) ........................................................................................119. NOUNS (simler) ...........................................................................................................1210. PRONOUNS (Zamirler)..............................................................................................1411. VERBS (Fiiller)............................................................................................................1512. ADJECTIVES (Sfatlar) ............................................................................................1913. ADVERBS (Zarflar)....................................................................................................2114. PREPOSITIONS (Edatlar).........................................................................................24

15. CONJUNCTIONS (Balalar) ...................................................................................2616. VERBALS (Fiil Kkenli Kelimeler)...........................................................................2817. PREFIXES (n Ekler)................................................................................................3118. SUFFIXES (Son Ekler) ...............................................................................................3119. MISCELLANEOUS (Muhtelif) .................................................................................32Odds and Ends...................................................................................................................34SECOND PART IDIOMS..............................................................................................37VOCABULARY.................................................................................................................40A Poem................................................................................................................................50


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FIRST PART

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN SUMMARY

1. TENSES (Zamanlar)

1.1. Simple Tenses

1.1.1 Present Tense I go1 Giderim

1.1.2 Past Tense I went Gittim

1.1.3 Future Tense I will go Gideceim

1.1.4 Conditional T. I would go Gidecektim

1.2. Continuous Tenses (C.T.)1.2.1 Present C.T. I am going Gidiyorum

1.2.2 Past C.T. I was going Gidiyordum

1.2.3 Future C.T. I will be going Gidiyor olacam

1.2.4 Conditional C.T. I would be going Gidiyor olacaktm

1.3. Perfect Tenses (P.T.)

1.3.1 Present P.T. I have gone Gitmiim (Gittim)

1.3.2 Past P.T. I had gone Gitmitim

1.3.3 Future P.T. I will have gone Gitmi olacam

1.3.4 Conditional P.T. I would have gone. Gitmi olacaktm

1.4. Perfect Continuous Tenses (P.C.T.)

1.4.1 Present P.C.T. I have been going Gitmekteyim

1.4.2 Past P.C.T. I had been going Gitmekteydim

1.4.3 Future P.C.T. I will have been

going

Gitmekte

olacam1.4.4 Conditional P.C.T. I would have been going Gitmekte olacaktm

I am going to go I am gonna go I will go

I was going to go I was gonna go I would go

I used to go Giderdim (Alkanlk)

I would go Giderdim (arta bal)

1 Other verbs to be conjugated: to do, to be, to see, to have, to make. (to smoke for P.C.T.).


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SAMPLE SENTENCES

1. I go to school every day in the morning at 8 oclock with my friends by bus.2. I went to school 10 minutes late yesterday.3. I will go to school at one oclock this afternoon.4. I would go to school today, if I had completed my homework in time.5. I am going to Istanbul now.6. I was going to Istanbul, when I met him at the airport.7. I will be going to Istanbul tomorrow afternoon at two oclock.8. I would be going to Istanbul at this moment, if had not missed the plane.9. I have gone to Antalya three times in the past.10.I had gone to Antalya two months before I met you.11.I will have gone to Antalya the day after tomorrow.12.I would have gone to Antalya by now, if I had not had an accident on Sunday.13.I have been smoking for 3 years now.14.I had been smoking for 10 years, when I stopped smoking.15.I will have been smoking for 6 years by the end of this year.16.I would have been smoking for 15 years now, if I had not stopped smoking 5 years

ago. Im gonna go to downtown. Are you gonna come with me? I was gonna go to theatre, if you had come earlier. I used to go to movies at least three times a week, when I was a student. I would go to see him and apologize to him, if I were in your place.

If I go to Istanbul,I will see him Istanbul'a gidersem

onu greceim.If I had gone to Istanbul,I would see him

Istanbula gitmi olsaydm,

onu grrdm.If I had gone to Istanbul,I would have seen him.

O zaman Istanbul'a gitmi olsaydm,

Onu grms olacaktm.


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1.2.1. Present Continuous Tense (am, are, is) (- ing)

I am going I am not going Am I going? Am I not going? (1)

(1) Aren't I going?1.2.2. Past Continuous Tense (was, were) (- ing)

I was going I was not going. Was I going? Was I not going?

1.2.3. Future Continuous Tense (will be) (- ing)

I will be going I will not be going Will I be going? Will I not be going?

1.2.4. Conditional Continuous Tense (would be) (-ing)

I would be going I would not begoing

Would I be going? Would I not begoing?

1.3.1. Present Perfect Tense (have, has) (gone)

I have gone I have not gone* Have I gone? Have I not gone?

*Have not: Haven't


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1.3.2. Past Perfect Tense (had) (gone)

I had gone I had not gone Had I gone? Had I not gone?

1.3.3. Future Perfect Tense (will have) (gone)

I will have gone I will not have gone Will I have gone? Will I not havegone?

1.3.4. Conditional Perfect Tense (would have) (gone)

I would have gone I would not havegone

Would I have gone? Would I not havegone?

1.4.1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (have been, has been) (- ing)

I have been going I have not beengoing

Have I beengoing?

Have I not beengoing?

1.4.2. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (had been) (- ing)

I had been going I had not beengoing

Had I been going? Had I not beengoing?


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1.4.3. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (will have been) (- ing)

I will have been

going

I will not have

been going

Will I have been

going?

Will I not have

been going?

1.4.4. Conditional Perfect Continuous Tense (would have been) (- ing)

I would have been

going

I would not have

been going

Would I have been

going?

Would I not have

been going?

2. MODALS (Modal Yardmc Fiiller)

2.1 Can ktidar belirten yardmc fiil2.2 May Mezuniyet belirten yardmc fiil2.3 Must Mecburiyet belirten yardmc fiil

I can go Gidebilirim

(Muktedirim)

I could have gone Gitmi olabilirdim

I may go Gidebilirim

(Mezunum)

I might have gone Gitmi olabilirdim

I must go Gitmeliyim

(Mecburum)

I must have gone Gitmi olmalydm

Can be able to

Must have to, have got to, be obliged to, need to, be to, be compelled

to, be supposed to, should, ought to.


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To be able to (muktedir olmak, yapabilmek)

I am able to go Gidebilirim I will be able to go Gidebileceim

I was able to go Gidebildim(Gitmeye

muktedirdim)

I would be able to g

Gidebilecektim

To have to(Mecbur olmak, Zorunda olmak)

I have to go Gitmekzorundaym

I will have to go Gitmek zorundaolacam

I had to go Gitmekzorundaydm

I would have to go Gitmek zorundaolacaktm

If I go, I will be able to see him.

If I had gone, I would have been able to see him.

If you had fallen, you could have broken your leg.

If you had started then, you could have finished it by now.

If I go, I will have to see him.

If I had gone, I would have had to see him.

He must have studied really well (his grade is good).

He should have studied really well (his grade is bad).

I need two hundred dollars so that I can go there.

I bought the car so that you would not have to walk.

Do you have to go? I may have to go.


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3. ACTIVE-PASSIVE (Etgen-Edilgen)

Active Voice2 Passive Voice3

1 She writes a letter A letter is written by her2 She wrote a letter was 3 She will write a letter will be 4 She would write a letter would be

5 She is writing a letter " is being 6 She was writing a letter " was being 7 She will be writing a letter " will be being 8 She would be writing a letter " would be being

9 She has written a letter " has been 10 She had written a letter " had been 11 She will have written a letter " will have been 12 She would have written a letter " would have been

13 She has been writing a letter " has been being 14 She had been writing a letter " had been being 15 She will have been writing a letter " will have been being 16 She would have been writing a letter " would have been being

He can write a letter. A letter can be written by him.He may write a letter. A letter may be written by him.He must write a letter. A letter must be written by him.

Let him write a letter. Let a letter be written by him.Architect Ali has designed it. It has been designed by architect Ali.He had broken a window. A window had been broken by him.4

______________________________________________________________________

A. Someone gave me a present.P. I was given a present.P. A present was given to me.

A. They made him believe that she died.P. He was made to believe that she died.

2 S+V+O (Subject + verb + object)3

O+ to be+ V3+ S (Object + to be fiilinin uygun hali + esas fiilin 3. yani past participle hali + subject)4 Geili fiiller (transitive verbs) yani nesne alan fiiller veya neyi ve kimi sorularna cevap alnabilen fiilleriin P.V. yaplabilir. Geisiz fiiller (intransitive verbs, to go gibi) iin P.V. yaplamaz.


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4. DIRECT - INDIRECT (Aktarmal fadeler)

Direct Statement Indirect Statement51. "I go".6 He said that He went.

2. "I went". " He went.3. "I will go". " He would go.4. "I would go". " He would go.

5. "I am going". He said that He was going.6. "I was going". " He was going.7. "I will be going". " He would be going.8. "I would be going". " He would be going.

9. "I have gone". He said that He had gone.

10. "I had gone". " He had gone.11. "I will have gone". He would have gone.12. "I would have gone". " He would have gone.

13. "I have been going". He said that He had been going.14. "I had been going". " He had been going.15. "I will have been going". " He would have been going.16. "I would have been going". " He would have been going.

"What are you doing? He asked me what I was doing."Where were you going? " where I was going.

"Can you help me? " if I could help him."May I come in? " if He might come in."Will you be able to go? " if I would be able to go."Do you have to go? " if I had to go."Did you have to go? " if I had to go.

Do you go? if I went

Did you go? if Iwent

Go ! He told me to go Dont go! He told me not to go

if = whether today-that day tomorrow-the next daynow - then this-that yesterday-the day before

5 Present tenses become past, past tenses remain the same.Future tenses become conditional, conditional tenses remain the same.

6

When the introductory verb is in present or future tenses, the tense of the narrated partmay not change.


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5. RELATIVE PRONOUNS (lgi Zamirleri)

Who Ki o Which (What, that) Ki o Where Ki orada

Whose Ki onun Of which Ki onun When Ki o zamanWhom Ki ona (onu) To which Ki ona Of whom Ki onun

Who I saw the man who came to school on Sunday. The man who is coming toward us is a doctor. He who comes late deserves punishment. Those who were late missed the opening ceremony.

Whose

I saw the man whose car was stolen yesterday afternoon.

The man whose car was stolen yesterday afternoon is a lawyer. Did you see the lady whose car was without a license plate?

Whom

I saw the man whom you gave money in the bank. The man whom I saw yesterday was quite tired and anxious. The man with whom I played billiards is a champion in...

Which (what, that) I picked up the pen which (that) was on the floor. I do not understand what you say. That is not what I want. This is the knife with which I cut the rope. The car to which you threw stone is a Cadillac Aldorado.

Where

This is the place where they had met first.

When

There will be a time when Turkey will be full a member of the European Union.

He is the man, about whom you were talking = He is the man, whom you weretalking about = He is the man, you were talking about.

He who comes early sits down. Atatrk is to Turkey what Washington is to U.S.A. Those who are coming now will have to go back soon.


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6. CAUSATIVE FORM (Ettirgen Yap)

To have something done To make somebody do something

To get something done To get somebody to do something

I have my shoes polished...I had my shoes polished...I will have my shoes polished...I would have my shoes polished...

I make Ali study English...I made Ali study English...I will make Ali study EnglishI would make Ali study English...

I got my shoes polished I will get Ali to study English

7.TAG QUESTIONS (Tag Sorular)

You go to school, don't you?

You went to school, didn't you?

You will go to school, won't you?

You would go to school, wouldn't you?

You do not go to school, do you?

You did not go to school, did you?

You will not go to school, will you?

You would not go to school, would you?

8. PARTICIPATION (Katlm)

A. Affirmative Agreements B. Negative Agreements

Ali goes to zoo. I do too. He does not go to zoo. I don't either.

Ali went to zoo. I did too. He did not go to zoo. I didn't either.

Ali will go to zoo. I will too. He will not go to zoo. I won't either.Ali would go to zoo. I would too. He wouldn't go to zoo. I wouldn't either.

I do too So do I I don't either Neither do I

It is a pen, isnt it?

You have to go, don't you?

He may go, may he not?

He has to go, doesn't he?

Let's go, shall we?

Open the door will you?

I am going, aren't I?

He was made to study for four hours. She was made to pay for her mistake. I was made to believe that he was innocent. I will get him to accept the conditions


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9. NOUNS (simler)

9.1. Proper Nouns (zel simler)

Ali, Mary, January, Ankara, London, Canterbury

9.2. Common Nouns (Cins simler)

cook, book, sinister, minister

9.3. Countable Nouns (Saylabilir simler)

apple, box, ranch, table

9.4. Uncountable Nouns (Saylamayan simler)

bread, butter, salt, water

9.5. Masculine Nouns (Eril simler)

boy, man, prince, king

9.6. Feminine Nouns (Diil simler)girl, woman, princess, queen

9.7. Neuter Nouns (Ntr simler)

Things and animals whose sexes are not known

stone, steel, pots and pans

9.10. Nouns with the Same Form for M. and F.

child, parent, artist, painter, cousin

9.11. Nouns with Different Forms for M. and F.

father-mother, brother-sister, nephew-niece,bull-cow, horse-mare, cock-hen

9.12 Plural Forms (oul ekilleri)

9.12.1. Regular Form

cat-cats, dog-dogs

9.12.2. Special Forms

9.12.2.1. Nouns Ending in O, ss, sh, ch, X

tomatoes, kisses, watches, boxes

exceptions: pianos, photos

9.12.2.2. Nouns Ending in fe, f,

wife-wives, life-lives,

wolf-wolves, self-selves,

9.12.2.3. Nouns Ending in y

9.12.2.3.1. Following a Consonant

baby-babies, lady-ladies

9.12.2.3.2. Following a vowel

day-days, boy-boys.


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10. PRONOUNS (Zamirler8)

( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( D) ( E )I Me My Mine Myself

You You Your Yours Yourself

He Him His His Himself

She Her Her Hers Herself

It It Its Its Itself

We Us Our Ours Ourselves

You You Your Yours Yourselves

They Them Their Theirs Themselves

A. Personal Pronouns (ahs Zamirleri) (zne)B. Objective Pronouns (Nesne Zamirleri)C. Possessive Pronouns (Mlkiyet Zamirleri)D. Possessive Pronouns (Mlkiyet Zamirleri)E. Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns (Dntrme ve Pekitirme Zamirleri)F. Interrogative Pronouns (Soru Zamirleri)

Who? Whose? Whom? Which? What? How? When?

G. Relative Pronouns (lgi Zamirleri)

Who, Whose, Whom, Which, What, That.

H.Demonstrative Pronouns (aret Zamirleri)This, That, These, Those

. Indefinite Pronouns (Belgisiz zamirler)One, Someone, Anyone, Somebody, Anybody, None, No One, Everyone, Everybody,

All.

______________________________________________________________________

I want nothing: I don't want anythingNo: not any

Is everybody ready?

8 Zamirler zne yerine kullanlan szcklerdir


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11. VERBS (Fiiller)

11.1. Infinitive Form to go

11.2. Present Form go11.3. Past Form went

11.4. Past Participle gone

11.5. Regular Verbs (Dzenli Fiiller) (ask, asked, asked)

11.6. Irregular Verbs (Dzensiz Fiiller)

11.6.1.Present Past Past Participle

Bet Bet Bet Bahse Girmek

Cast Cast Cast AtmakCost Cost Cost Malolmak

Hit Hit Hit Vurmak

Hurt Hurt Hurt Incitmek

Let Let Let Brakmak

Set Set Set Kurmak

Spread Spread Spread Yaymak

Put Put Put Koymak

Quit Quit Quit TerketmekShut Shut Shut Kapatmak

11.6.2.

Build Built Built Ina Etmek

Lend Lent Lent dn Vermek

Send Sent Sent Gndermek

Spend Spent Spent Sarfetmek

11.6.3.

Get Got Got Elde EtmekGo Went Gone Gitmek

Forget Forgot Forgotten Unutmak

Hang Hung Hung Asmak

Ring Rang Rung (Zil) almak

Sing Sang Sung ark Sylemek

Spring Sprang Sprung Sramak

Sit Sat Sat Oturmak

Win Won Won Kazanmak


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11.6.4.

Hear Heard Heard Duymak

Read Read Read Okumak

Pay Paid Paid demek

Say Said Said Sylemek

11.6.5.

Feed Fed Fed Beslemek

Lead Led Led Yol Gstermek

Hold Held Held Tutmak

11.6.6.

Feel Felt Felt Hissetmek

Keep Kept Kept Saklamak

Sleep Slept Slept Uyumak

Weep Wept Wept Alamak

Leave Left Left Brakmak

Meet Met Met Karlamak

Lose Lost Lost Kaybetmek

11.6.7

Bind Bound Bound Balamak

Find Found Found Bulmak

Shine Shone Shone Parlamak

Strike Struck Struck Vurmak, Grev

Yapmak

11.6.8.

Bring Brought Brought Getirmek

Buy Bought Bought Satn AlmakFight Fought Fought Dvmek

Think Thought Thought Dnmek

Catch Caught Caught Yakalamak

Teach Taught Taught retmek

Sell Sold Sold Satmak

Tell Told Told Anlatmak

Make Made Made Yapmak

Stand Stood Stood Durmak


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11.6.9.

Ride Rode Ridden Binmek

Write Wrote Written Yazmak

Rise Rose Risen Kalkmak

Bite Bit Bitten Isrmak

Hide Hid Hidden Saklamak

11.6.10.

Bear Bore Born Tamak

Swear Swore Sworn Yemin Etmek

Tear Tore Torn Yrtmak

Wear Wore Worn Giymek

Break Broke Broken Krmak

Speak Spoke Spoken Konumak

Choose Chose Chosen Semek

Steal Stole Stolen almak

11.6.11.

Grow Grew Grown Bymek

Know Knew Known Bilmek

Throw Threw Thrown Atmak

Fly Flew Flown Umak

Slay Slew Slain Katletmek

See Saw Seen Grmek

11.6.12

Take Took Taken Almak

Shake Shook Shaken Sarsmak

11.6.13.

Beat Beat Beaten DvmekEat Ate Eaten Yemek

Fall Fell Fallen Dmek

Do Did Done Yapmak

Go Went Gone Gitmek

Lie Lay Lain Yatmak, Uzanmak

Lay Laid Laid Yatrmak, Uzatmak

Lie Lied Lied Yalan Sylemek


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12. ADJECTIVES (Sfatlar)

12.1. Definitive, Comparative and Superlative Forms Of Adjectives

12.1.1. Regular One or Two Syllable Adjectives

Long Longer The Longest

Short Shorter The Shortest

Heavy Heavier The Heaviest

Old Older The Oldest

Weak Weaker The Weakest

Strong Stronger The Strongest

12.1.2. Regular Multi Syllable Adjectives

Beautiful More Beautiful The Most Beautiful

Important More Important The Most Important

Eccentric More Eccentric The Most Eccentric

Tiring More Tiring The Most Tiring

Tired More Tired The Most Tired

Boring More Boring The Most Boring

Bored More Bored The Most Bored

12.1.3. Irregular Adjectives

Good Better The Best

Bad Worse The Worst

Much More The Most

Little Less The Least

12.2. Comparisons

1. as.............. as I am as old as you are.He is twice as old as she is.

2. more .......... than I am older than you are.

I am more important than you are.

I am better than you are.

3. The most.... among (in) He is the best runner among students.

She is the most beautiful girl in town. (... in the world)


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The sun is one million times as big as the Mars is.

The population of Erzurum is about twice as much as that of Kars

.The statue of Atatrk in Erzurum is twice as big as the one in Kars.

Ahmet spends half as much money as Mehmet does.

There are more than twice as many people in the world now as there were 25 years

ago.

There are as many students in Erzurum as there are people in Kars.

I have studied for as many years as you have lived.

I am not as tired as you are: I am not tired as much as you are.

A is 100 times richer than B.

A is as tall as B. A is not as tall as B. A is not so tall as B.

I am as generous as you are miser.


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13. ADVERBS (Zarflar9)

13.1. Adverbs of Manner (Hal Zarflar)

Slowly Yavaa Smoking kills slowly.Quickly Hzlca

Well Iyice

Badly Ktce

Altogether Birlikte

Separately Ayrca

Generally Genellikle

Particularly zellikle

Deliberately KasdenAccidentally Kazaen

Naturally Doal Olarak

Artificially Yapay Olarak

Similarly Ayn ekilde

Conversely Tersine Olarak

Apparently Grn Olarak

Certainly Muhakkak

EvidentlyGrne GreObviously Ak Olarak

Presumably Farazi Olarak

Fortunately Iyiki

Especially zellikle

Actually Gerekten

Mostly ounlukla

Personally ahsen

Undoubtedly phesiz

Clearly Aka

Surely Emin Olarak

Definitely Muhakkak

Positively Kesin Olarak

9Zarflar, bir fiilin veya sfatn anlamn belirten veya kuvvetlendiren kelimelerdir


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13.2. Adverbs of Time (Zaman Zarflar)

Now imdi It is time to go now.Then O zaman, ondan sonarEarlier Daha nceLater Daha sonraThe day beforeyesterday

nceki gn

The day aftertomorrow

br gn

Every third day gnde birAll of a sudden Aniden

A while ago Biraz nceA moment ago Biraz nceA little later Biraz sonraRight now Hemen imdi (nce) He was here right now.Right away Hemen imdi (sonra) He will be here right away.At the beginning BalangtaAt the end SonundaUntil now Bu zamana kadarFrom now on Bundan sonra (artk)From then on Ondan sonra

Sooner or later Er veya geEventually Sonunda (nihayet)Lately Son zamanlardaRecently Son zamanlardaSoon Yakn zamandaImmediately DerhalIn the meanwhile Bu aradaEvery other day

Gn ar

13.3. Adverbs of Place (Yer Zarflar)

Here Burada, buras, buraya He is here. It is here. Come here.

There Orada, oras, oraya


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13.4. Adverbs of Frequency (Sklk Zarflar)*

Once Bir kez I went there once.

Twice Iki kezThree times kez

All the time Her zaman

Always Her zaman

Frequently Sk sk

Occasionally Arada srada

Periodically Periodik olarak

Once in a while Arada bir

Rarely NadirenOnce in a blue

moon

ok nadir

Repeatedly Mkerrer olarak

Continually Srekli olarak

Intermittently Kesintili olarak

* (Sklk zarflar yardmc fiillerden sonra, asl fiillerden nce gelir) (I am always late)

13.5. Adverbs of Degree (Derece Zarflar)Almost Hemen hemen It is almost completed.

Nearly Neredeyse

Quite Olduka

Too Haddinden fazla

Enough Yeterli

Extremely Ar ekilde

Only Sadece

Just Sadece

13.6. Words with the Same Adjective and Adverb FormsFast Hzl Dont go too fast.

Late Ge

Hard Sert

Early Erken

Friendly Dosta

Low Dk


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14. PREPOSITIONS (Edatlar10)

In Iinde, iine It is in the box. Put it in your pocket.

Out Dnda, dnaOn stnde, stne

Off Uzanda, uzana

At De, da, e, a

Over zerinde, zerine

Under Altnda, altna

In front of nnde, nne

At the back of Arkasnda, arkasna

At the bottom of DibindeOn the top of stnde

Around evresinde, evresine

Across Karsnda, karsna

Against Karsnda, karsna

Along Boyunda, boyuna

Among Arasnda, arasna

(ikiden fazla ey)

AfterSonraBefore nce

Behind Arkasnda, arkasna

Below Altnda, altna

Between Arasnda, arasna

(iki ey)

Beyond tesinde, tesine

By Yannda, yanna

Up Yukarda, yukarya

Down Aada, aaya

From Den, dan

Into Iine

Near Yaknnda, yaknna

Opposite Karsnda, karsna

Outside Dnda, dna

Past Den teye

Through Iinden, arasndan

10 Edatlar bir nesnenin dier bir nesneye gre konumunu belirten kelimelerdir.


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Until, till E kadar

To E doru

With Ile

Without Ile olmakszn

ABOVE

ON

TO FROM

OUTIN

THROUGH

INTO OUT OF

BY

BELOW

A diagram of the most commonly used prepositions


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15. CONJUNCTIONS (Balalar)

And Ve George and Jack go to bed at ten.

Or Veya

But Fakat

For Iin, den dolay

Yet Henz, yine de

If Eer

Although (though) E ramen

Notwithstanding E ramen

Nevertheless Yine de

Because nk

Because of Den dolay

In spite of E ramen

In stead of Yerine

Due to Den dolay

Besides Zaten, ayrca, den

baka

Except Den baka, hari

Like Gibi

Likewise Ayn ekilde

As Gibi, ken (giderken)

Therefore Bunun iin

However Buna ramen

Whereas Halbuki

In fact Gerekte, nitekim

As a matter of fact Aslnda, zaten, nitekim

Not to mention the

fact that

Kald ki

In as much as Madem ki, den dolay

Since Madem ki, den dolay

About Hakknda = (pertaining to, regarding, with

regard to in connection with, , related

to pursuant to, in relation to)


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Either .......or Ya ........ya da...... Either you or your friend will have togo there.

Neither.....nor Ne ........ne de....... Neither you nor your friend can pay

for that.

Both ........and Hem ....hem de...... Both you and your girl friend were

seen there.

Not only....but also Yalnzca ...deil, fakat

ayn zamanda .......da

Not only you but also your friends

are not wanted here.

Whether ....or ..ip ........mediini

....se de .....mese de

I dont know whether or not he is in

Erzurum.

She will have to go there

Whether she wants it or not

The more ....the more Ne kadar ok ..........

O kadar ok ............

The more you study the higher grade

you get.

The more you work, the more you

earn.

The higher you go, the harder you

fall

Just as ......so Nasl ki .......ise, ayni

ekilde........

-Just as Kosovo is sacred land to

the Serbs, so is Krajina to Croatians.

-Just as Chechenia is an internal

matter of Russia so is Karabag for

Azerbeijan.


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16. VERBALS (Fiil Kkenli Kelimeler)

16.1. Gerund (sim Fiil)

16.1.1. Present

Swimming is a good exercise.

I like swimming in a warm pool.

She likes teaching tap dance.

I can't stand waiting in lines.

Being alone in a trip is boring.

I like your speaking with an accent

16.1.2. Past

Having been alone on that trip was boring.

He denied having been late for work.

16.2. Infinitive (Mastar)

16.2.1. Present

To exercise in the morning is good for health.

I like to swim in heated pools.

She has a lot of work to do.

I felt the earth move.

He saw him go into the building.

16.2.2. Past

To have seen him doesn't mean much.

It is unfortunate for him to have met her.

I am sorry to have met you.

I wish I had never met you.

16.3. Participle (Sfat ve Zarf Fiiller)

16.3.1. Adjective Participle (Sfat fiiller)


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16.3.1.1. Present

The movie is exciting.

It is a very exciting movie indeed.

People living in the country are lucky.The energy needed by all living things comes from the sun.

The lecture was interesting and informing.

16.3.1.2 Past

He is a retired teacher. (tired, disappointed etc.)

The broken chair will be repaired.

I will borrow the required money from the bank.

I am excited.

16.3.2. Adverb Participle (Zarf Fiiller)

16.3.2.1. Zaman Bildiren Adverb Participle

16.3.2.1.1. Present

Watching TV, he fell asleep (while...)

Entering the room, I saw the burglar (while...)

I saw him crossing the street (while)

16.3.2.1.2. Past

Having watched the game he left the stadium (... after that.)

Having finished his work, he went home (... after that..)

16.3.2.2. Sebep Bildiren Adverb Participle

16.3.2.2.1. Present

Being very hungry, I ate a lot. (Because ...)

Knowing him well, she did not believe him (Because...)

16.3.2.2.2. Past

(Having been) Wrapped in a blanket, he didn't mind spending the night

outside.

(Because...) Having been very hungry, I had eaten a lot.

Having received no letter from her for a long time, he was worried.


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VERBALS

Gerund Infinitive Participle

Present Past Present Past

Adjective Adverb

Present Past

Time Cause

Present Past Present Past


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17. PREFIXES (n Ekler)

Aboard : (Gemide, gemiye) Welcome aboard.

Abroad : (Yurt dnda, yurt dna) I have not been abroad yet.Archbishop : (Bapiskopos) Archbishop Makarios had been involved in politics.

Enrich : (Zenginletirme) Protein can be used to enrich the flour.

Impossible : (mkansz) When something is not possible it is impossible.

Semiofficial : (Yar resmi) AA is a semiofficial news agency.

Prehistoric : (Tarih ncesi) People did not know much in prehistoric times.

Post election : (Seim sonras) Post election politics has been quite complicated

Vice-president : (Bakan yardmcs) Vice-president Johnson had an heart attack.

18. SUFFIXES (Son Ekler)

Drinkable : (ilebilir) This water is drinkable.

Kingdom : (Krallk) The United Kingdom is ruled by Elizabeth II.

Enriched : (Zenginletirilmi) This food has been enriched by extra protein.

Employed : (i, mstahdem) The employees will strike to raise their wages.

Childish : (ocuka) It is childish to cry over simple things.

Civilized : (Medeniletirilmi) The wild tribes are civilized now.

Americanize : AmerikallatrmakBooklet : (Kitapk) That booklet consists of only 30 pages.

Lakelet : (Glck) Van is a lake but Kkekmece is a lakelet.

Payment : (deme) The size of the payment is determined by the

purchase power.

Careful : (Dikkatli) You have to be careful when you cross the street.

Careless : (Dikkatsiz) He fell on the ice because he was careless.

Carefulness : (Dikkatlilik) That job requires complete carefulness.

Carelessness : (Dikkatsizlik) The accident happened as a result of carelessness.

Separately : (Ayr olarak) Place the pieces separately.

Naturally : (Doal olarak) Naturally they will refuse the offer.

Personally : (Kiisel olarak) Personally, I hate cold weather.

Strong : gl Strength : g, kuvvet (sfattan isim)

Smoke : duman Smoky : Dumanl (isimden sfat)

Simple : basit Simplify : Basitletirmek (sfattan fiil)


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19. MISCELLANEOUS (Muhtelif)

Three lane highway eritli karayoluHundred page book 100 sayfalk kitap

The tea is too hot to drink ay iilmeyecek kadar scakThe tea is hot enough to drink ay iilebilecek kadar scakThere is no body in the room There is not any body in the roomThe movie is not interesting, I would rather (I'drather) watch TV tonight

televizyon seyretmeyi tercih ederim.

I had better (I'd better) start studying, or else Iwill flunk the exam.

almaya balasam iyi olur. Yoksasnavda akarm.

They talk to each other. (2 persons)

They talk to one another. (More than 2 persons)

You can go whenever (or wherever) you want Her ne zaman istersen

You can take whatever (or whichever) you

want

Her ne istersen

No matter what, I will go there Ne olursa olsun...

Sooner or later I'm gonna get you Er veya ge

They came here one after another Onlar buraya birbiri peine geldiler.

They came here one at a time Onlar buraya birer birer geldiler.

They came here one by one Onlar buraya birer birer geldiler.

They came here in a group of two Onlar buraya ikier ikier geldiler.

The more you study, the more you learn Ne kadar ok alrsan o kadar ok

The more you work, the more you earn Ne kadar ok alrsan o kadar ok

Did you happen to meet Mr. President Hi (tesadfen) bakanla karlatnzm

I happened to be passing by the scene when

the accident happened.

Kaza olduunda oradan tesadfengeiyordum.

You don't get into this, mind your ownbusiness:

Bu ie karma. Kendi iine bak.

That is none of your business Bu i seni ilgilendirmez.

You have to take a taxi in order to get there in

time (... so, as to ..., so as not to...)

Oraya zamannda varabilmek iin taksiile gitmen gerekir.

You have to study hard in order that (so that)

you can learn English well

ngilizceyi iyi renebilmen iin

Has what happened to you happened to them

too

Senin bana gelen onlarn bana dageldi mi?


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Open the door. Please open the door (open the door please). Will you please open the door? Would you please open the door? Would you be so kind as to open the door please? The cars were travelling bumper to bumper. Put the boxes one on top of the other to save room (on top of one another) The workers put the rails end to end and welded them. The fishermen laid the fish side by side in the market. If it weren't for the umbrella, we would get wet. If it had not been for you, I would not have been able to go there. Had it not been for you, she would have died. (Inversion) Should one day you come here, please stop by my office. Should I hear from him, I will let you know. Did you use to go there? No. I didn't use to go there. Let us (me, him, her, it, , them) go. Shall we? Let's stay here. Let's not stay here. Shall we go? This is the first time I have seen such a thing. If you had not been a stupid, you would not have listened to the same thing

every Sunday.

You cant have seen him yesterday, he was with me all day. Someone came here, didn't they? I am a doctor, aren't I? I heard him sing. I heard him singing. You can't go there until you have finished your work. Don't stick your neck out. He suggested that I see the doctor. To arrive in Istanbul. To arrive at the airport. To arrive on the scene. We will take turns. Whose turn is it? It is my turn. Sit at the table. Hold it tight, so that you won't fall He held it tight so that he wouldn't fall


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It is made of gold. It is made from (out of) packing cases. To fall in (out of) love with sb. Would you honorable MPS come to order please? To take a chance: to take a risk. To give a chance: to give an opportunity. Ski slopes in Erzurum are steeper than those in Sarkam. The population of Erzurum is twice as much as that of Kars. On behalf of : adna In behalf of : yararna 20 % of the students who passed the exams are girls. Half of those that were sent there were donkeys. I saw Ahmet go to school. (Action completed) I saw Ahmet going to school. (The action may not have been completed.) You have to be a little bit crazy to keep your sanity. Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, half shut afterwards. Don't bite the hand that feeds you. May god give you twice as much as what you want for me! Every body must account for his actions. There are two sides to a coin. There are more to things than meets the eye. There is nothing to it. Every criminal must stand trial, and get a fair trial.

Odds and Ends

- to rank first- to put someone to shame- council of Higher Education- ICBMs, airborne bombers, submarine based missiles- a duplicate copy of important documents- special thanks are due to those who...- his philosophy is moderation in everything- Jack of all trades, but master of none- Dont let this chance slip away.- boil, grill, bake, fry,- pots and pans, garnish- extant X extinct- poker, bridge, black jack, chess, backgammon


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- heart, club, spade, diamond- citius, altius, fortius- wrestling, boxing, running, high-jumping, long-jumping, skating, skiing,

swimming, diving, riding, hammer-throwing, discus-throwing, javelin,tennis, ping-pong, pole-vaulting, golf, football, voleyball, basketball, soccer,

etc.

- Five Pillars of Islam: praying, fasting, pilgrimage, almsgiving, confirmationof faith. (the sixth one, they say, is knowing your boundries)

- Mental Abilities : Intelligence, memory, perception, reasoning, orientation,willpower stability, attention, sensitivity.

- Acrophobia: fear of height.- Acrobat: acts in the heights.- To pass (fail, flunk) the test- To stand the test of time.- To chant nursery rhymes.- At ease, attention, fire.- Open shed barns- Honest to God : Vallahi- Duplication, multiplication, replication, reproduction.- Liberty, equality, fraternity.- Dilemma: A difficult situation.- Paradox: strange but true.- Enigma: Muamma, esrar, ifre- To be vulnerable to pressure- To take somebody at his word.- The theory of Lambrazo on the nature of man- On the spur of the moment.- To tell a lie- To lie ander a tree- To lay a wreath, (a foundation stone and a L)


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Addition 2 + 3 = 5 Two plus three equals five.

Two plus three is five.

Subtraction 5-3 = 2 Five minus three equals two.

Multiplication 5 x 6 = 30 Five multiplied by six equals thirty.Five times six is thirty.

Division 30 : 6 = 5 Thirty divided by six equals five.

62: six squared ax : a to the power x

63: six to the third power a-b : a to the power minus b.

a/b = c dividend / divider = quotient

a.b = c multiplied. multiplier = productX = X/N X bar equals sum X over N (average)

6 and 36 6 is a factor of 36, 36 is a multiple of 6 (arpan ve kat)

a2 - b2 : (a+b) (a-b) The difference of two squared numbers is the product of

the sum and the difference of these numbers.


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SECOND PART

IDIOMS

All the same yine de I was not invited to the conference, but Iwill attend all the same.

As if sanki, imi gibi He orders me to do things, as if he is myfather.

As soon as possible mmkn olan enksa zamanda

Please let me know the result as soon aspossible.

At first ilk nce At first, I thought that he was a studentAt last nihayet At last, he was able to pay his debt.At least en azndan There were at least 500 people in the

theatre.To be about to zere olmak He was about to leave the room when I

went there.To be familiar with aina olmak I am familiar with that subject.To be in charge of sorumlu olmak He is in charge of this department.To be interested in ilgilenmek I am not interested in politics.To be one's turn sras olmak Now it is your turn to wash the dishes.To be tired of bkmak They are tired of uninvited guests.To be used to alk olmak People in Erzurum are used to cold.To break down bozulmak My car broke down on the way.

To break up (with) bozumak He broke up with his girl friend yesterday.To bring up ocuk yetitirmek He was brought up in a village.By the way sras gelmiken By the way, I had met him in Paris.To catch cold souk almak Take your coat with you, otherwise you

will catch cold.To catch fire ate almak The forest caught fire in a dry hot day.To be fed up (with) bkmak usanmak I am fed up with all this nonsense.To be fond (of) holanmak He is fond of Jane Fonda very much.To be in need (of) ihtiyac olmak The old man is in need of money and care.To be out of question sz konusu

olmamak

A general amnesty is out of question for

the coming ten years.To be through (with) bitirmek, iliii

kesmekI am through with that research for thissemester

To beat about to bush laf uzatmak Please don't beat about (around) the bush,come to the point.

To change one's mind Fikrini deitirmek Did you change your mind?To come across karlamak We come across different types of people

in the railway and bus stations.To come to an end sona ermek Sooner or later, this tragedy will come to

an end.

To call for gerektirmek The project calls for a million dollar.To catch up (with) yetimek Turkey has been trying to catch up with the


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West for the past 100 years.To charged (with) ile itham etmek He was charged with murder and robbery.To do away with(to get rid of)

kurtulmak,bandan atmak

She did away with all her old clothes.

To do one's best elinden geleniyapmak

I will try do my best to accomplish it andsave my face.

To fall asleep uykuya dalmak He falls asleep right after he goes to bed.To fall in love (with) ak olmak Ferhat had fallen in love with irin.To feel like can istemek I don't feel like drinking tonight.To feel sorry (for) acmak He feels sorry for the poor and gives them

money.To find out anlamak I'll find out where he was at that time.For the time being imdilik He will keep his mouth shut for the time

being.

For nothing bedava, karlksz You can not get anything for nothing.To get along geinmek They cant get along well with each other.To get well iyilemek I hope you will get well soon.To get in touch (with) temasa gemek You have to get in touch with the manager.To get in the house eve girmek to get out of the house : evden kmakTo get on the bus arabaya binmek to get off the bus : arabadan inmekTo get up yataktan kalkmak to wake up : uyanmakTo get used to almak You will get used to it soon.To give a call telefon etmek Give me a call tonight.To give in taviz vermek I wont give in any more.

To give up vazgemek He gave up his plan to go to SakaryaHeads or tails yaz tura Heads or tails? Heads you win, tails I win.To have nothing to dowith something

Bir eyle ilgisiolmamak

I have nothing to do with it.

In other words dier bir deyile in other words, he will not pay his debt.To keep in mind aklda tutmak please keep in mind that ...To keep in touch(with)

ilikiyi devamettirmek

Keep in touch with us even if you go farfar away.

To keep up (with) ayak uydurmak He can't keep up with the rest of the groupTo let someone know birisine bildirmek Please let me know if you run into him.

To look after bakmak (ocuk vs.) The mother will look after the child.To make fun (of) alay etmek Don't make fun of me sir.To make up (with) barmak He made up with his girl friend today.To make up (for) telafi etmek I will make up for the time I lostTo play a joke (on) aka yapmak The students played a joke on the teacher.To make money para kazanmak He made a lot of money in gambling.To make up one'smind

karar vermek Don't make up your mind withoutconsulting the consultant.

To change one's mind karar deitirmek Dont change your mind so often.To make use of yararlanmak Turkey can make use of coal for energy.To mind one's ownbusiness

kendi iine bakmak Mind your own bussiness. Dont stick yournose into this matter.

Once and for all kesin olarak Resolve the matter once and for all.


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Out of curiosity meraktan Just out of curiosity, how much money doyou make in one month?

Out of date demode Your shirts are out of date, keep them upto date.

Out of order bozuk Don't turn the radio on. It is out of order.To pay attention to dikkat etmek Pay attention to what I say.To put out sndrmek They put the fire out.To put off tehir etmek They had to put off the show because of

the bad weather.To call off iptal etmek They called off the show for financial

reasons.To put on weight kilo almak Some people put on weight fast, no matter

what...To run into rastlamak He ran into his old friend in the street.

To see someone off birisini uurlamak The honor troop was present when theysaw the president off.

To set fire to atee vermek They set fire to the house on purpose.To shake hands el skmak We shook hands when we broke up.To shut up sesini kesmek If you don't have to talk, just shut up.To show up kagelmek He showed up one hour after the show.To slow down yavalamak The car slowed down and pulled over.To stick to the point konuya bal

kalmakDo not beat about the bush, come and stickto the point.

To take a bus otobse binmek You must take a bus or a taxi.

To take a chance i ansa brakmak Study hard. Dont take a chance.To take advantage of istirmar etmek Do not take advantage of his innocence.To take after Birisine ekmek Who did he take after? He took after his

good for nothing uncle.To take a seat bir yere oturmak He asked me to take a seat when I entered

the room.To take into account hesaba katmak The teacher should have taken the

conditions in his family into account.To take a break ara vermek We took a break after we studied an hour.To take apart paralamak They took the car apart to repair it.To take by surprise artmak That news took me by surprise.To take part in katlmak I would like to take a part in the research.To take seriously ciddiye almak Don't take to the movies too seriously.To take sides taraf tutmak A president should not take sides on

political matters.To take someone forsomeone else

birisini birisinebenzetmek

They often take me for my brother.

To take up alkanlk edinmek I gave up smoking but took up chewinggum. Dont take up a harmfull habit.

To turn someonedown

birisini reddetmek The girl turned the boy down when heasked her for a date.

To wake up uyanmak I try to wake up early in the morning.


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VOCABULARY

Just as keys are attached to rings, the words should be attached to sentences toprevent them from being lost.

English Words

English Logic

When the English tongue we speak,

Why is break not rhymed with freak?

Will you tell me why it's true?

We say sew, but likewise few

And the maker of the verse

Can not cap his horse with worse?

Beard sounds not the same as heard

Cord is different from word

Cow is cow, but low is low;

Shoe is never rhymed with foe.

Think of hose and dose and lose,

And of goose and yet of choose.Think of comb and tomb and bomb,

Doll and roll, and home and some,

And since pay is rhymed with say.

Why not paid with said, I pray?

We have blood and food and good;

Mould is not pronounced like could.

Wherefore done, but gone and lone?

Is there any reason known?And in short, it seems to me,

Sound and letters disagree.


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Homophones

Aisle (Ayl) Koridor Isle Ada

Be (Bi) Olmak Bee ArBreak (Breyk) Krmak Brake Fren

Die (Day) lmek Dye Boya

Cell (Sel) Hcre Sell Satmak

Doe (Do) Dii Geyik Dough Hamur

Hair (Heyr) Sa Hare Tavan

Flour (Flawr Un Flower iek

Heal (Hiil) Iyilemek Heel Topuk

Idol (Aydl) Put Idle Bo, AylakMail (Meyl) Posta Male Erkek

Our (Avr) Bizim Hour Saat

Straight (Streyt) Doru (Dz Hat) Strait Boaz (anakkale)

Tail (Teyl) Kuyruk Tale Masal

Fair Doru Adil Fare cret (Bilet v.b.)

American English English English TurkishBaby bottle (nipple) Teat Biberon

Long distance call Trunk call ehirleraras telefonBusiness suit Lounge suit Resmi elbise

Pants (slacks) Trousers Pantolon

Parka Onarak Mont

Shoestring Shoelace Ayakkab ba

Intermission Interval Ara (sinemada)

Meat grinder Mincer Kyma makinas

Raisins Sultanas Kimi

Antenna Arial AntenCloset Cupboard Dolap

Faucet Tap Muslk

Scotch tape Cellotape effaf bant

Fender Mud quard amurluk

Baggage Luggage Bavul

Lost and found Lost property Kayp eya brosu

Make reservation Book Yer ayrtmak

Subway Under ground MetroZero Naught Sfr


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Agricultural Words and TermsGeneral

Agriculture: Tarm Winnow: Savurmak Leaf: Yaprak

Horticulture:Baclk,Bahecilik

Store: Depolamak Awn: Klk

Viticulture: zmclk Germinate: imlenme Bud: Tomurcuk

Apiculture: Arclk Emerge: kma Field Crops: Tarla bitkileri

Cultivate: Ilemek Flower: iek, iek ama Cash Crops: Gelir bitkileri

Plow: Srmek, Pulluk Mature : Olgun,

Olgunlama

Subsistence Crops:

Geimlik rnler

Sow: Ekmek Bran: Kepek Grain Crops: Daneliler

Plant: Dikmek Stable: Ahr Cereal Crops: HububatMow: Bimek Stem: Gvde (aa) Root Crops: Kk bitkileri

Reap: Bimek Branch: Dal Industrial Crops: End. bit.

Harvest: Hasat etmek Bark: Kabuk Oil Crops: Ya bitkileri

Trash: Dvmek Stalk: Gvde (sap) Fiber Crops: Lif bitkileri

Wilt: Sararma Seedling : Fide Poultry : Kmes hayvan

Thin: Seyreltme Fingerling: Yavru balk Feed: Hayvan yemi

Hoe: apalama Rotation: Mnavebe Trough: Kurun (Su kaplar)

Irrigate: Sulama Smut: Srme Saddle Animals: Binek h.Sprinkler: Yamurlama Forage Crops: Yem

bitkileri

Draft Animals: eki h.

Barn: Samanlk Fodder Crops: Yem Bit. Flora: Tabii Bitki varl

Furrow: Kark Cover Crops: rt bitkileri Fauna:Tabii Hayvan varl

Fallow: Nadas Bovine : Bykba hayvan Farm Manure: iftlik

gbresi

To Leave Fallow: Nadasa

brakma

Ovine: Kkba Hayvan Beef: Sr eti

Mutton: Koyun eti

PlantsGrains: Hububatlar

Barley: Arpa Millet: Dar Awned Wheat: Klkl b.

Wheat: Buday Lentils: Mercimek Rice: Pirin

Corn: Msr Oat: Yulaf Weed: Yabanc ot

Rye: avdar

Industrial crops


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Cotton: Pamuk Tobacco: Ttn Flax: Keten, Jute: Kendir

Hemp: Kenevir Sugar Beet: eker pancar

Fruits: MeyvelerApple: Elma Cherry Pip: Kiraz ekirdei Strawberry: ilek

Pear: Armut Grape: zm Mulberry: Dut

Peach: eftali Grapefruit: Greyfurt Pineapple: Ananas

Apricot: Kays Date: Hurma Orange : Portakal

Plum: Erik Fig: Incir Tangerine: Mandalina

Cherry: Kiraz Melon : Kavun Lemon: Limon

Pip: ekirdek Watermelon: Karpuz Quince : Ayva

Vegetables: SebzelerTomato: Domates Potato: Patates Squash: Kabak (Dolmalk)

Pepper: Biber Onion: Soan Pumpkin: Kabak (Bal)

Egg Plant: Patlcan Garlic: Sarmsak Cauliflower: Karnabahar

Cucumber: Salatalk Bean: Fasulye Cabbage: Lahana

Lettuce: Marul Melon: Kavun Mushroom: Mantar

Carrot: Havu

Nuts: KuruyemilerChestnut: Kestane Coconut: Hindistan Cevizi Pistachio: Antep Fst

Walnut: Ceviz Almond: Badem

Peanut : Fstk Cashew: Cashew Fst

Fodder crops: Yem BitkileriAlfalfa: Yonca Vetch: Fi (Kspe) Grass: imen

Seinfoin: Korunga Clover : gl Crushed Straw: Saman

Flowers: ieklerRose: Gl Carnation: Karanfil Daisy: Papatya

Tulip: Lale Violet: Meneke Lavender: Lavanta

Jasmine: Yasemin Lily: Zambak

Trees: Aalar


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Willow : St Maple: Akaaa Okra: Bamya

Poplar: Kavak Palm Tree: Palmiye Spinach: Ispanak

Oak: Mee Herbicide:Yabanc Ot

Ilac

Celery : Kereviz

Hazelnut: Fndk Pea: Bezelye Parsley : Maydanoz

Pine: am Chick-Pea: Nohut Leek: Prasa

Division : Blm Class: Snf Family: Familya

Animals and InsectsBovine: Bykba Hayvanlar

Cow: Inek Bull: Boa Camel: DeveOx: kz Buffalo: Manda

Calf: Dana Pig: Domuz

Ovine: Kkba HayvanlarSheep: Koyun Lamb: Kuzu Doe: Kei (Dii), Dii Geyik

Eve: Koyun Goat: Kei

Ram: Ko Buch: Teke

Poultry: Kmes HayvanclChicken: Tavuk Turkey: Hindi Duckling: rdek yavrusu

Hen: Tavuk Goose: Kaz

Rooster: Horoz Duck: rdek

Saddle Animals: Binek HayvanlarHorse: At Mare: Ksrak Mule: Katr

Stallion: Aygr Donkey:Eek

Domestic Animals : Ev HayvanlarDog: Kpek Puppy: Guduk Kitten: K.Yavrusu

Bitch: Kanck Cat: Kedi


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Insects: BceklerFly: Sinek Butterfly: Kelebek Genus: Cins

Bee: Ar Spider: rmcek Species: Tr

Mosquito: Sivrisinek Cockroach: Hamam b. Variety: eitBeetle: A. Bcei Silkworm: Ipek bcei Strain: Hat

Insecticide:Bcek

ldrc

Locust: ekirge

Wild Animals and OthersLand Animals: Kara HayvanlarWolf: Kurt Monkey: Maymun Rabbit: Tavan

Fox: Tilki Zebra: Zebra Rat: Tarla faresiBear: Ay Giraffe: Zrafa Mouse: Ev faresi

Lion: Aslan Elephant: Fil Bat: Yarasa

Tiger: Kaplan Beaver: Kunduz Squirrel: Sincap

Leopard: Leopar Jackal: akal

Sea Creatures: Deniz YaratklarWhale: Balina Coral: Mercan Shrimp: Karides

Shark: Kpek Bal Sponge: Snger Lobster: IstakosDolphin: Yunus Bal Octopus: Ahtapot Crab: Yenge

Trout: Alabalk Mussel: Midye

Birds: KularSea Gull: Mart Crow: Karga Peacock: Tavus

Hawk: Atmaca Sparrow: Sere Pheasant: Keklik

Dove: Gvercin Pigeon: Gvercin Vulture: AkbabaFalcon: ahin Eagle: Kartal Ostrich: Devekuu

Canary: Kanarya Stork: Leylek Owl: Bayku

Parrot: Papaan Crane: Leylek

Reptiles: SrngenlerSnake: Ylan Alligator: Timsah Snail: Smkl bcek

Scorpion: Akrep Turtle: Kaplumbaa Frog: Kurbaa

Crocodile: Timsah Worm: Solucan


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Agricultural ImplementsFork: Dirgen Hammer: eki Harrow: Srg

Rake: Trmak Sickle: Orak Discharrow: Diskaro

Pick: Kazma Scythe: TrpanShovel: Krek Cart: Araba Seed Drill: Mibzer

Spade: Bel Krei Plow: Pulluk Tractor: Traktr

Hoe: apa Roller: Merdane Trailer: Rmork

Combine Harvester: Bier

Dver

Potato Planter: P. Dikici Wheel Barrow: El arabas

Household Tools

Scissors: Makas Driver: Tornavida Awl: BizTweezers: Cmbz Bolt: Civata Strainer: Szge

Pliers: Pense Nut: Somun Funnel: Huni

Pincers : Kerpeten Spanner: Somun anahtar Bucket: Kova

Axe: Balta Wrench: ng.Anahtar Nail: ivi

Chopper: Satr, Falata Saw: Testere Hammer: eki

Lever: Levye Hacksaw: Demir testeresi Brush: Fra

Drill: Matkap Ripsaw: Aa testeresi Broom: Sprge

Screw: Vida Dust Pan: Fara Mop: Paspas

Parts of a Human BodyThe Skeleton : skelet Wrist: Bilek Forehead/Brow: Aln

Skull: Kafatas Fist: Yumruk Jaw: ene KemiiCollar-Bone: Kprck k. Hand: El Mustache: BykShoulder-Blade: Krek k. Palm: Aya, Avu ii Beard: SakalBreastbone: G Kemii Thumb: Baparmak Tooth: DiRib: Kaburga Kemii Finger: Parmak Lip: Dudak

Backbone/Spine: Omurga Nail: Trnak Tongue: DilHip-Bone/: Kala Kemii/ Leg: Bacak Eye: GzPelvis: Leen Kemii Thigh: Uyluk Eyeball: Gz yuvarlaKneecap: Dizkapa Kemii Knee: Diz Eyebrow: KaHair: Sa Calf: Baldr Eyelid: Gz kapaHead: Ba/Kafa Ankle: Ayak bilei Eyelashes: KirpiklerNeck: Boyun Foot: Ayak Iris: Iris/Iris TabakasThroat: Boaz/Grtlak Heel: Topuk Brain: BeyinShoulder: Omuz Instep: Taban kemeri Wind Pipe: Soluk borusuChest: Gs Sole: Ayak taban Heart: Kalp Yrek

Back: Srt Toe: Ayak parma Lung: AkcierWaist: Bel The Face: Yz Liver: Karacier


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Stomach/Tummy:Mide/Karn Eye: Gz Kidney: BbrekHip: Kala Nose: Burun Intestines: BarsaklarBottom/Buttocks: K/Kaba Ear: Kulak Bladder: Sidik torbasArmpit: Koltuk Alt Mouth: Az Vein: Toplardamar

Arm: Kol Cheek: Yanak, Avurt Artery: AtardamarUpper Arm: st kol Chin: ene Muscle: Kas/AdaleForearm: nkol Temple: akak Vessel: DamarElbow: Dirsek

Automotive Words and TermsCar: Araba Gear: Vites Spare Tire: Yedek Lastik

Bus: Otobs Clutch: Debriyaj Jack: Kriko

Truck: Kamyon Brake: Firen Lever: Levye

Bumper: Tampon Accelerator: Gaz Towing Rope: ekme halat

Headlight: n Far Fan: Pervane Extinguisher: Yangn sn.

Signal: Sinyal Fan Belt: Pervane kay Fuel Tank: Depo

Fender: amurluk Starter: Mar Pot Hole: Kasis

Hood: Motor kapa Spark Plug: Buji To Start: altrmak

Windshield: n cam Distributor: Distribitr To Speed Up: Hzlanmak

Wiper: Silecek Carburetor: Karbratr To Swerve: Dir. Krmak

Roof: st Kaporta Dashboard: Konsol Flat Tire: Patlak Lastik

Trunk: Bagaj Glove Compartment:

Torpido gz

To Slow down :

Yavalamak

Wheel: Tekerlek Front Seat: n koltuk To Pull Over: Kenara ekmek

Tire: Lastik Back Seat: Arka koltuk To Stop: Durmak

Rear view mirror: Arkay

gr aynas

Seat Belt: Kemer To Repair the flat tire:

Lastik tamir etmek

Steering Wheel: Direksiyon

simidi

Horn: Korna A Dent On The Fender:

amurlukta bir knt

To sound horn: Korna

almak

To Blow Horn: Korna

almak


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Military TermsPrivate Er Artillery Topu

Corporal Onba Cavalry Svari

Sergeant avu Tank units TankLieutenant Temen Military engineering stihkamSecond Lieutenant stemen Communication

UnitsMuhabere

Captain Yzba Cease- Fire Ate Kes

Major Binba Armistice Mtareke

Lieutenant colonel Yarbay Machine gun Makinal tfek

Colonel Albay Bullet Tabanca mermisi

General

GeneralArtillery round Top mermisi

One Star general Tu general Missile Fze

Two Star general Tm general Nuclear warhead Nkleer balk

Three Star general Kor general Gun powder Barut

Four Star general Or general Combat atma

Marshal Mareal Booby trap Bubi tuza

Chief of staff Genel kurmay ba. Armored vehicles Zrhl aralar

Army Kara kuvvetleri Trench Siper

Navy

Deniz kuvvetleri

Front line Sava hatt

Airforce Hava kuvvetleriInfantry Piyade

Latin Words and AbbreviationsDe facto In Reality Fiili Durum

De jure In Law Yasal Olarak Durum

Phenomenon Event Olay

Phenomena Events Olaylar

Fait accompli Accomplished Fact Emri Vaki, Oldu Bitti

(Or) Vice Versa Conversely (Veya) Tersi

Vis-A-Vis Faceto Face, Compared to Yz Yze, E Gre

As Per In Accordance with E Uygun Olarak.

Datum Information (Sin.) Veri

Data Information (Pl.) Veriler

Thesis Thesis Tez

Theses Theses Tezler


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Per Se In (By) itself Bizatihi

Per Capita Per Head Kii Bana

Ad Hoc Specific zel

In Vivo In living thing Canl iindeIn Vitro Out of living thing Canl dnda

Sine Quo Non Essential Olmazsa olmaz

Ceterus Paribus Other things being equal Dier artlar sabit

kaldnda

I.E. (Id Est) That Is Yani

E.G. (Exempli Gratia) For Example Mesela

Etc. (Et Cetera) And so on Vesaire

Et al. And others Ve dierleriIbid ( Ibidem) In the book cited above Y.A.G.E.

C.V. Curriculum Vitae zgemi

Quid Pro Quo Something for something Ksasa ksas

Erratum Error Hata

Errata Errors Hatalar

Criterion Criterion lt

Criteria Criteria ltler

Bona Fide Made in good faith Iyi niyetle yaplmUni, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca.

Onomatopoeic Words (Tabiat sesleri taklidi kelimeler)

Bark: Havlama Hum: Mrldanma (ark) Knock: Kapy Vurma

Meow: Miyavlama Mrmr: Mrldanma (Sz) Clap: Alk Sesi

Hee Haw: Anrma Purr: Mrldanma (Kedi) Chop: Odun Krma

Quack: Vak Vak Snore: Horlama Chip: Kutuya Para AtmaRoar: Kkreme Piss: Ieme Moan: Inleme

Weigh: Kineme Cough: ksrme Crisp: Gevrek

Blah-Blah: Drdr Crack: atrt Bomb: Bomba lamak

Burb: Geirme Crackle: trt Snap: Ipin Kopmas

Sneeze: Haprma Crash: arpma Hick-Up: Hkrmak

Hush: H! Splash: Suya arpma


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A Poem

Come, come again.

Whatever you are come again.

Be you an idol or fire worshipper or an atheist

Come again.

Our way is not the way of hopelessness;

Even if you have broken your oath or penitence a hundred times,

Come again,

Mevlana

Another Poem

Whatever you wish for yourself,

wish the same for the others.

That is the assence of four Books,

and the words of the fathers.

Yunus Emre

Documents

Erzurum (Turkey)_integrated English (Turkish)