ES05-rpi-Rasbian Install, Dev. Env(Target).pptmicrocom.koreatech.ac.kr/lectures/IFC415/ES05-rpi.pdf»Raspbian comes pre-installed with plenty of software for education, programming

Embedded Systems KUT1-1

Embedded Systems

- Target Install & Setup- Develop. Environments

Prof. Myung-Eui Lee (A-405)[email protected]


Raspbian Installation: Windows PC

Raspbian» Raspbian installation with Windows PC.» Raspbian is the official supported operating system for Raspberry Pi.» 2 Installation options : 1. NOOBS or 2. OS Image Write» SD card should be formatted using SDFormatter.

https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/


Raspbian Installation

1. NOOBS » Beginners Option : New Out Of the Box Software

1-1 General Installation : with a kbd, a mouse, and a monitor» 1. Download NOOBS file : “NOOBS_v3_2_0.zip”

https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/noobs/

» 2. Extract the files from the zip.» 3. Drag all the files in the extracted NOOBS folder and drop them onto

the SD card drive.



» 4. The necessary files will then be transferred to your SD card.» 5. When this process has finished, safely remove the SD card and insert

it into your Raspberry Pi.» 6. Connect the power.» 7. Select an operating system “Raspbian” : Desktop

　 Default : Full Desktop » 8. Raspbian “Desktop” version is installed.



1-2 Headless Installation : without a kbd, a mouse, and a monitor» 1. Same procedure as previous General Installation no. 1, 2, 3 and 4.» 2. Edit the “recovery.cmdline” file in the root NOOBS directory.» 3. Append “silentinstall” to the arguments list.» 4. The /os folder (Raspbian full desktop version) will be installed

automatically.» 5. Remove the SD card from PC and insert it into your Raspberry Pi.» 6. Connect the power.» 7. Wait for 15-20 minutes, and then green LED will be off.» 8. Raspbian “Full Desktop” version is installed.


Raspbian Installation 2. OS Image Write

» Raspbian comes pre-installed with plenty of software for education, programming and general use

* Headless Installation * : in this class» 1. Download OS Image file (Desktop) : “2019-07-10-raspbian-

buster.zip” - 3 image files : Full Desktop, Desktop, Lite Desktophttps://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/



» 2. Extract the files from the zip. Then you can find “2019-07-10-raspbian-buster.img” file.

» 3. Download and Install Win32 Disk Image softwarehttps://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/

» 4. Connect an SD card reader with the SD card inside.» 5. Select the image file and write.



» 6. When this process has finished, safely remove the SD card.» 7. Insert the SD card into your Raspberry Pi.» 8. Plug the micro USB power supply, and Raspbian Desktop starts to

install.» 8. Wait for a few minutes, and then green LED will be off.» 9. Raspbian “Desktop” version is installed.

* Note- At this time, we do not know what is going on the Raspberry Pi board.- No keyboard, No mouse, and No display


Raspberry Pi connection

Raspberry Pi Connection» Connect the wired LAN

　 No keyboard, no mouse, and no monitor : Headless Raspberry Pi Setup　 Characteristics of Embedded Systems

USB Keyboard & Mouse

Ethernet : IP Router

HDMI Monitor : DVI AdapterUSB Power

SD Card


Lab. Network Configuration Network IP Address

» Windows PC : 192.168.0.10» Ubuntu Virtual Machine : 192.168.0.20» Raspberry Pi Target : 192.168.0.30


Remote Terminal(Character): Ethernet

PuTTY Remote Terminal Install : Host» Identify the target IP address

　 IP Router DHCP allocated the Target IP Address : 192.168.0.XX

» #apt install putty» Run “putty” » Enter Target IP address :

192.168.0.XX» Click “open” for SSH connection.



You will meet “Putty Fatal Error” message PuTTY Remote Terminal “Connection Refused”

[Problem] Resolve the previous SSH connection fatal error by using the headless setup method (no kbd, no mouse, no display).» Cause : SSH is disabled in the Raspberry Pi» Find the solution



[Solution] As of the November 2016 release, Raspbian has the SSH server disabled by default. You will have to enable it manually.

» The risk with an open SSH port is that someone can access it and log in by “pi” account.

» https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/remote-access/ssh/

Enable SSH on a headless Raspberry Pi » For headless setup, SSH can be enabled by placing a file named

“ssh”, without any extension, onto the boot partition of the SD card from another computer.

» When the Pi boots, it looks for the ssh file. If it is found, SSH is enabled and the file is deleted. The content of the file does not matter; it could contain text, or nothing at all.



PuTTY Remote Terminal : Host» Run “putty” & enter Target IP address

(192.168.0.xx)» Click “open” » Login “pi” user & Passwd “raspberry”

Change Pi Password : Target» $ passwd» Enter current password» Enter new password



Setup root Password : Target» $ sudo passwd root» Enter new password» $ su root» Enter root password

Login “root” user from SSH : Target» Putty SSH can not login as root» Edit sshd configure file» #vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config» Change to “PermitRootLogin yes”


Target IP Address Setup

Setup IP Address : Target» # vi /etc/dhcpcd.conf» Type or paste the following lines on the top of the file

interface eth0static ip_address=192.168.0.30static routers=192.168.0.1static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1 220.68.64.1

» # reboot

Check new IP address» # ifconfig


Target IP Address Setup

From now on, you can login the target as root user and IP address 192.168.0.30

» Run “putty” & enter Target IP address (192.168.0.30)» Click “Default Settings” save & “open” » Login “root” user


Remote Terminal Option : SSH

A remote terminal option on the host PC is the built-in “ssh” client

The “ssh” server is preinstalled on the Raspberry Pi Target

» # apt install openssh-server : if not, manually install it # ssh [email protected] & enter a password


Remote Terminal Option

Hangul works perfectly without any setup on the Raspberry Pi Target board as it is.- toggle: shift-space

» File, Directory, Edit, and Display

» Windows PC can use SSH client also from command prompt


Raspbian Localisation setup » Setup Locale, and Keyboard Layout» Run “raspi-config”

» Select “4. Localisation Options” » Select “I1 Change Locale”» Deselect “en_GB.UTF-8 UTF-8” by using Space Key : default GB

» Select both “en_US” and “ko_KR” UTF-8

Raspbian Locale Setup

<Target board>

root@raspberry:~# raspi-config


Raspbian Locale Setup

Raspbian Localisation setup -cont» Move the cursor to <ok> by using Tab key and press Enter.» Select Default Locale “en_US.UTF-8” and press “enter”.

　 If you select “ko_KR.UTF-8”, no “Korean” Keyboard Menu in next “I3 Change Keyboard Layout” : bug!

» You must reboot for Hangul Keyboard Setup 　 No reboot, no “Korean” Keyboard Menu in next “I3 Change Keyboard

Layout”


Raspbian Locale Setup Raspbian Localisation setup -cont

» Run “raspi-config” again» Select “I3 Change Keyboard Layout”» Select “Generic 105-key PC(Intl.)” “Other”

» Select “Korean” “Korean – Korean (101/104 key compatible)”


Raspbian Locale Setup Raspbian Localisation setup -cont

» Select “The default for the keyboard layout” “No Compose key”

» “Use Control+Alt+Backspace to terminate the X server” “Yes”


Raspbian Date & Time Setup Raspbian Time zone Setup

» Select “4. Localisation Options” » Select “I2 Change Timezone”» Select “Asia” “Seoul” “Finish”

» Check date & time : # date

Target Installation is completed !!!» Note : English & no hangul kbd input


Host and Target Communication

1. RS-232 Serial : Minicom, SSH, PuTTY, TeraTerm etc. 2. USB or Parallel : JTAG (Joint Test Access Group)

» Debug(Device test) and flash fusing (jflashmm) 3. Ethernet(tcp/ip) : tftp, NFS (SSH, PuTTY, TeraTerm

etc.)

Ethernet

Serial

JTAG

Host System Target System


Lab. Network Configuration Network IP Address

» Windows PC : 192.168.0.10» Ubuntu Virtual Machine : 192.168.0.20» Raspberry Pi Target : 192.168.0.30


NFS Server NFS Server Install : Host

» #apt install nfs-kernel-server» #vi /etc/exports» Add “/nfs *(rw,sync,no_root_squash)” : * for all IP access

» #mkdir /nfs & cat > test.txt» #chmod –R 777 /nfs» #exportfs –a» #systemctl enable nfs-kernel-server» #systemctl status nfs-kernel-server

NFS Client : Target» #mkdir /share» #chmod –R 777 /share» #apt install nfs-common» #mount –t nfs 192.168.0.20:/nfs /share

* Add “192.168.0.20:/nfs /share nfs x-systemd.automount,noauto 0 0” in “/etc/fstab” file for automount


NFS Server

NFS Client : Windows PC» Move to “제어판” “프로그램“ “프로그램 및 기능“

» Click “Windows 기능 켜기/끄기“» Check “NFS용 서비스“» Click “확인”

» Windows “Menu” “Widows 시스템”

» Run “실행“» Enter “\\192.168.0.20\nfs”


samba server Samba Server Install : Target

» # apt install samba samba-common-bin» # mkdir –m 777 /samba ( = mkdir /samba + chmod –R 777 /samba )» # vi /etc/samba/smb.conf & add the next paragraph

» # smbpasswd –a root & enter password» # systemctl enable smbd or #service smbd start » # systemctl status smbd or # service smbd status

[samba]Comment = Pi shared folderPath = /sambaBrowseable = yesWriteable = Yesonly guest = nocreate mask = 0777directory mask = 0777Public = yesGuest ok = yes


samba server Samba Client : Ubuntu VM Host

» “Files” “Other Locations” “Connect to Server”» Enter “smb://192.168.0.30/samba” & Press “Connect” button

Samba Client : Windows PC » \\192.168.0.30\samba


Remote Terminal(Graphic): Ethernet

RDP(Remote Desktop Protocol) Server Install : Target» #apt install xrdp

RDP Client : Host PC» “Remmina” RDP Client included

in Ubuntu Package already» Install it if not (#apt install remmina)» Run “Remmina” RDP Client» Click “+” at the upper left corner» Enter Server IP “192.168.0.30”» Click “Save as Default” & “Connect”



Remote Desktop Screen » Press “Cancel” , & that’s all



RDP Client : Windows PC» Windows “Menu” “Widows 보조프로그램”» Run “원격 데스크탑 연결“» Enter Server IP “192.168.0.30”» Click “Connect”» Enter Username & Password


The Host & Target is prepared to study

from now !!!


etc.

Chrome Web browser» Run Chrome Web as root user, but no response !!!» #vi /etc/chromium-browser/default» Add CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--no-sandbox --user-data-dir”» Disable sandbox in current user data dir.(= root)* Note: The sandbox is a C++ library that allows the creation of sandboxed processes —processes that execute within a very restrictive environment. The only resources sandboxed processes can freely use are CPU cycles and memory. Sandboxing, in very simple terms is related to security, especially to prevent from malware effects on the OS.

» Open the url www.daum.net» You will meet a garbage character» Install Hangul fonts» # apt install fonts-unfonts-core & #reboot


etc.

Raspbian Update & Upgrade » System Update & Upgrade

Make the image file for fast recovery» Run “Win32 Disk Imager”» Specify “Image file” and

“Device”» Click “Read”


Options : Raspberry Pi Hangul

Not necessaryYou use the raspberry pi as a PC


Raspberry Pi Hangul 3 Ways Hangul Option

» 1. Hangul Keyboard Input Only : Hangul Kbd + English System　 Nothing to do : just use the ubuntu built-in terminal　 Putty or xrdp : follow the next “1.Hangul Keyboard Input”

» 2. Hangul Rasbian System : Hangul Kbd + Korean System　 Putty or xrdp : follow the next “2.Hangul Rasbian System”

» 3. Hangul Rasbian System : Hangul Kbd + Korean System　 Only xrdp at first install : follow the next “3.Hangul Rasbian System”　 The most easy way

1. Hangul Keyboard Input : Using App. or raspi-config[1] Using GUI App. : xrdp» Connect the target by using “Remina”» Open “Applications Menu”

“Preferences” “Raspberry Pi Configuration”

» Move to “Localisation” “Set Locale” » Select Language “en(English)”


Raspberry Pi Hangul» Move to “Set Keyboard”» Choose Model, Layout, and Variant as

same figure» Require reboot* Note : this procedure is useless because

the same locale is already set in prior locale setup.

[2] Using raspi-config : putty» Connect the target by using “Putty”» # raspi-config» Same procedure of “Rasbian Locale Setup” : English and Hangul Keyboard* Note : this procedure is useless also because the same locale is already set in prior locale setup.» Next procedure is to install “Hangul Input Method”* Note : “Hangul Input Method” is applied to above both cases, & can setup only GUI App., not Putty.


Ibus Input Method Setup – common setup in both cases» Install “ibus” Input Method : ibus, fcitx, nabi, …etc» # apt install ibus-hangul » Reboot

» Select “Menu” “Preferences” “Ibus Preferences” or #ibus-setup

» Select “Input Method” “Add”» Select “Korean” “Hangul” & Press “Add”» Click “Korean-Hangul” & Press “Preferences”

Raspberry Pi Hangul


Ibus Input Method Setup –cont.» Default “Dubeolsik” & Check ”Commit in word unit”» Default Eng.-Kor. Toggle key : Shift-Space or Hangul(한/영)» Press “Apply”, “OK”, & “Close”» Reboot & input Korean

• Note : - Do not need to select “Menu” “Preferences” “Input Method” - Hangul(한/영) key is not working

Raspberry Pi Hangul

* English System & Hangul kbd input is finished !!!


2. Hangul Rasbian System

[1] Using GUI App. : xrdp» Connect the target by using

“Remina”» Open “Applications Menu”

“Preferences” “Raspberry Pi Configuration”

» Move to “Localisation” “Set Locale”

» Select Language “ko(Korean)” & Character Set “UTF-8”

» Reboot

Raspberry Pi Hangul


[2] Using raspi-config : putty» Connect the target by using

“Putty”» # raspi-config» Tab “<Ok>” & Enter Key

* Ko. & En. already installed.» Select “Default locale” to

“ko_KR.UTF-8”» Tab “<Finish>” after the locale

change» Reboot

Raspberry Pi Hangul

* Korean System & Hangul kbd input is finished !!!


3. Hangul Rasbian System [xrdp only at first install]» Press “Next” at welcome

message» Set Country, Language, &

Timezone» You must “Update Software”,

then default input method “fcitx” will be installed automatically

» Reboot

Raspberry Pi Hangul


* Note: » Still now, we setup whole process as “root” user» There is no Hangul in upper right corner when you log in “pi”

user & can not input Hangul

» You must run “Ibus 환경설정” & Add “한국어-Hangul” again as you have learned it before

Raspberry Pi Hangul


Other Tools for Embedded Systems


bootp [not for this class]

bootp install : Host» rpm –qa | grep bootp» rpm –ivh bootp-2.4.3-7.i386.rpm » bootptab file : /etc/bootptab

　 tag symbols : man bootptab

» bootp file : /etc/xinetd.d/bootp

» service xinetd restart» bootp command : at target

service bootps{disable = nosocket_type = dgram}

pxa270:ht=ether:ha=0x000b7a88f890:ip=210.68.65.120:sm=255.255.255.0


tftp [not for this class]

tftp server install : Host» rpm –qa | grep tftp» rpm –ivh tftp-server-0.17-9.i386.rpm» tftp file : /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

» service xinetd restart» cp /images/zImage /tftpboot» tftp zImage kernel : at target» flash kernel

service bootps{socket_type = dgram

:server_args = -s /tftpbootdisable = no}


minicom [not for this class]

minicom setup : host & Target» #apt install minicom» #minicom –s Serial port setup

　 A - Serial Device : /dev/ttyS0　 E - Bps/Par/Bits : 11500 8N1　 F - Hardware flow control : No

» Save setup as dfl

Target program upload & run» Cont-A-Z, Send files, zmodem, Space for selection, Enter» ./test-arm


JTAG [not for this class] JTAG (Joint Test Action Group)

» Boundary scan = IEEE Standard 1149 = JTAG» IEEE Standard 1149.1

　 Standard Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture» JTAG committee was formed by test professionals within

Philips, BT, GEC and others in 1990» JTAG was standardized in 1990 as the IEEE Std. 1149.1-1990» Objectives

　 Circuit test for the surface mount designs and printed circuit boards using boundary scan

　 Interconnection test between Integrated Circuits (ICs) installed on boards (modules)

→ could not so easily be probed by testers » Embedding test cells within a device

　 Examine internal board states without physical contact 　 Program PLDs and Flash memories


JTAG Conventional Board Test vs Boundary Scan Idea


JTAG Basic Architecture

» Test Access Port (TAP) : JTAG interface (4/5 pin) 　 TDI, TDO, TCK, TMS(Test Mode Select), TRST (optional)

» Instruction Register 　 Receives an instruction through the TDI, decodes it, and selects the

appropriate data register 　 Sets the mode of operation(TMS) for one or more data registers

» Data Registers 　 Several different data registers can be built into boundary-scan

components → Boundary scan reg./ Bypass reg./ Dev ID reg./ User defined reg.,,,,

　 Two Data Registers are always required to be present on a 1149.1 component:

→ Boundary-Scan Register : Boundary Scan Cell (BSC)→ Bypass Register : short-cut scan path through devices that are not

involved in the test (Bypass instruction) » TAP Controller

　 Generates internal control signals, 16-state finite state machine　 4 groups (16 states) : Reset, BIST, Data reg. update, Inst. Reg. update


JTAG

JTAG Components » Test Access Port (TAP)

TDI,TCK,TMS,TRST,TDO» Instruction Register» Data Registers :

Boundary Scan Cell (BSC) Bypass Register

» TAP ControllerInternal Logic

BSC

BSC

BSC

BSC

Bypass Reg.(Data Reg.)

TAP Controller

Instruction Reg.

Mux

TDOTRSTTMSTCKTDI

BSC


JTAG BSC 4 different functional modes

1. Normal mode : Mode = 0 2. Update mode : Mode = 1 3. Capture mode : Shift/Load = 0 4. Scan Mode : Shift/Load = 1

DFF

QA

DFF

QAMPX

0

1

MPX

0

1

Data ln

Serial In Shift/LoadClock Update Mode

Data Out

Serial Out

DFF

QA

DFF

QAMPX

0

1

MPX

0

1

Data ln

Serial In Shift/LoadClock Update Mode

Data Out

Serial Out


JTAG Host PC Interface : JTAG Cable (printer or usb)

Host (PC) Parallel Port

TDO

TCK

TDI

TMS

nTRST

D0

D1

D3

D4

D5

D6

D7

D2

C1

C2

C3

C0

S3

S6

S7

S5

S4

BASE_ADDRESS : Data Register

Address Decoder

BASE_ADDRESS + 2 : Control Register

BASE_ADDRESS + 1 : Status Register

BASE_ADDRESS278 : LPT1378 : LPT23BC : LPT3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

D0

D2D1

D3

D7

BUSY

C0C1C2C3

S7

Data register

Control register

Status register

TCK D0 LPT pin 2TDI D1 LPT pin 3 TMS D2 LPT pin 4nTRST D3 LPT pin 5TDO BUSY LPT pin 11


Debug

Challenges» Target system may be hard to observe» Target may be hard to control» May be hard to generate realistic inputs» Setup sequence may be complex

Tools» Logic Analyzers» Software Debuggers

　 Monitor Program　 Breakpoint Program

» In-circuit Emulators (ICE)» ARM’s EmbeddedICE» IDE (Integrated Development Environment)


Debug» Logic Analyzers

　 Used for sampling many different signals simultaneously, and display 0, 1, or changing values for each.

　 Only offer an historical view of the action of code　 User cannot change variables or jump to different parts of the program　 Useful to measure time intervals　 Fixed amount of buffer memory

→ relates to the depth of the time window for acquiring system execution history in real-time (measure in number of samples it can hold).

→ the deeper the memory, the more data you have to analyze to find the cause of the problem.

» Software Debuggers　 Monitor

→ A monitor program residing on the target provides basic debugging functions→ The need to have the monitor in ROM on the target system is a significant

problem» Must either be removed from the final product» Or left in ROM at extra cost


Debug　 Break point

→ A breakpoint allows the user to stop execution, examine system state, and change state

→ Replace the breakpoint instruction with a subroutine call to the monitor program» In-circuit Emulators (ICE)

　 Interface → Host PC : RS232, Parallel Port (Printer), USB, LAN (Ethernet)→ Target : CPU replacement, JTAG, Proprietary

　 A microprocessor in-circuit emulator is a specially-instrumented microprocessor

　 Allows you to stop execution, examine CPU state, modify registers　 ICE is a dedicated hardware for a particular microprocessor (different

processor/different processor module or pod)　 ICE can be expensive


Debug ICE Example

Device Adapter

Host Cable

Emulator Pod

ProcessorModule

Device Socket


Debug» ARM’s EmbeddedICE

　 JTAG-based debugging channel for ARM microprocessors　 An EmbeddedICE-compatible ARM core with a boundary scan interface and

debug enhancements　 An external EmbeddedICE Interface Box which links the host development

machine with the debug compatible ARM　 No target resources or special hardware　 Low cost solution that does not require dedicated ICE　 Debug can be performed at full processor speed　 Full host system access including screen, keyboard and storage for the

target　 Requires no extra communication channel to debug　 Host software development and debug tools -> RealView Multi ICE

» IDE (Integrated Development Environment)


Flash Fusing

Application S/W : jflashmm

Boot loader source : bootloader(boot)

Boot loader fusing

TargetFlashMemory

jflashmm

Host

Parallel cable

JTAG interface

Line Driver3.3v↔5.0v

123Boot

LoaderDownload

Registers TAP

Chip74HC541

bootboot

JTAG pin


Note : Raspbian Setup for SSH SSH Enable

» Run “raspi-config”

» Select “5. Interface Options” » Select “P2 SSH”» Select “Yes” & “Ok”

OR

» Select “Menu” “Preferences” “Raspberry Pi Configuration”» Select “Interfaces”» Select “SSH” and Check “Enable”

<Target board>

root@raspberry:~# raspi‐config


Note : Debian Releases https://www.debian.org/releases/index.en.htm

Documents

ES05-rpi-Rasbian Install, Dev. Env(Target).pptmicrocom.koreatech.ac.kr/lectures/IFC415/ES05-rpi.pdf»Raspbian comes pre-installed with plenty of software for education, programming