Esayo de materiales

7/25/2019 Esayo de materiales

1/17

ESCUELA POLITCNICA NACIONAL

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA CIVIL Y AMBIENTAL

ENSAYO DE MATERIALES

INFORME # 2

IMPACTO

ESTUDIANTES:

RITA CHALCOBYRON CASCO

PROFESOR:

ING. HIDALGO ROBALINO DIEGO HERNAN


2/17

Contenido

No se encontraron entradas de tabla de contenido.


3/17

INTRODUCCIN

Un !" $o" i%$!to &e de'ne !o%o e( e)e!to din*%i!o +,e !t- &o"e ,n e&t",!t,"%/0i( o e&t*ti!1 tiene ,n !" $(i!d de !o"t d,"!i/n deido &, %o0i%iento.

T%in ((%d !" %/0i(1 !" de !3o+,e1 "e$entin o de i%$,(&o. 4,eden di0idi"&een t"e& !teo"5& &e-n &, &e0e"idd de $(i!!i/n6

7 C"& +,e &e %,e0en !on "$ide8 de %nit,d !on&tnte 9e:6 0e35!,(o +,e !",8 ,n$,ente;

7 C"& $(i!d& "e$entin%ente1 !o%o +,e((& +,e &on "e&,(tdo de ,n ee


4/17

Fo"% de ( $"oet $" ( $",e I8od

Mo"d8 $" $"oet& ti$o I8od

4" e( en&=o de i%$!to ti$o I8od1 (& %o"d8& deen &,:et" ( $"oet $o" ,no de &,&

e


5/17

E( en&=o $,ede "e(i8"&e !on %8& in&t",%entd& de di0e"& !$!idd +,e$e"%iten "ei&t"" de %ne" !ontin, ( ),e"8 $(i!d &o"e ( $"oet = (0e(o!idd de ( $"o$i %8. A(,n& $"o$iedde& +,e &e ,&!n e( en&=o &on?

T":o &o"ido en e( !3o+,e.?V(o" de "e&i(ien!i.?An*(i&i& de )"!t,".

E( $nd,(o de C3"$= e& ,n di&$o&iti0o ,ti(i8do en en&=o $" dete"%in" ( ten!iddde ,n %te"i(. Son en&=o& de i%$!to de ,n $"oet ent((d = en&=d >ee


6/17

Es#$e%a de traba&o del '(nd$lo de C)ar'*

L %,e&t" &e !o(o! 3o"i8ont(%ente en ,n $t"/n e&$e!i( +,e "nti8 e&t"i!t%ente( $o&i!i/n de ( in!i&i/n 9"n,"1 ent((; en ( $"te %edi de( 0no ent"e (o& $o=o&. E(i%$!to e& $(i!do de&de e( (do o$,e&to ( in!i&i/n1 en e( $(no $e"$endi!,(" ( e:e(onit,din( de ( %,e&t". E( $nd,(o &e ': en ( $o&i!i/n &,$e"io" ini!i( ((t," 3 de 1 %1 (o +,e !o""e&$onde ,n 0e(o!idd de( !,!3i((o de( $nd,(o1 en e(%o%ento de( i%$!to de 1 %&. L,eo ( ,P de ':!i/n &e "eti"1 e( $nd,(o !e(i"e%ente $o" e)e!to de &, $"o$i "0edd $(i!ndo ,n i%$!to ( %,e&t"1 +,e (en!o"0 = de&t",=e e(e0*ndo&e en "e(!i/n ( e:e 0e"ti!( de( $nd,(o C3"$= en ,n*n,(o . E&te *n,(o e& tnto %eno"1 !,nto %=o" e& ( ene"5 $(i!d en e( $"o!e&o$o" e( $nd,(o $" ( de)o"%!i/n = de&t",!!i/n de ( %,e&t".

4o" %edio de ( e&!(1 &e %ide e( *n,(o de e(e0!i/n de( $nd,(o = di"e!t%ente &e (ee( ene"5 !on&,%id en e( $"o!e&o 9( e&!( de( indi!do" e&t "d,d en i(o$ondio&$o" %et"o $%;. L& "e(!ione& ene"ti!& ,&d& &e %,e&t"n +,5.

Un $"te de ( ene"5 de( i%$!to e& e%$(ed en ( &!,did de( $nd,(o = de(&tido"1 $" 0en!e" ( "e&i&ten!i de( i"e1 en e( "o!e de (o& !o:inete& = de( di&$o&iti0o de%edi!i/n1 en ( de)o"%!i/n de ( %,e&t" !e"! de (o& $o=o& = :o e( !,!3i((o1 en (t"n&%i&i/n de ene"5 (& )"!!ione& de ( %,e&t" = en ( de)o"%!i/n e(*&ti! de ("" de( $nd,(o.

L in>,en!i de e&to& )!to"e&1 +,e 3!en 0"i" (& %edi!ione& 3&t en ,n @Q de ,n$nd,(o ot"o $,eden &e" %ini%i8d& "e&tndo ( in>,en!i de (o& )!to"e&!,nti'!(e& o %edi(e&. En ot"& $("&1 &e !on&e: "e&t" de ( ene"5 %o&t"d$o" e( indi!do" Ei( ene"5 i%$"i%id (& )"!!ione& de $"oet en )o"% de ene"5!inti! E9e&te dto $,ede !(!,(do $"o


7/17

E)1 ene"5 di&i$d $o" )"i!!ione&1 dee &e" %edid nte& de !d en&=o1 $" e&to &ede: !e" (i"e%ente e( $nd,(o1 &in in&t(" $"oet en (o& $o=o&1 = &e not ( ene"5%o&t"d $o" e( indi!do".

E1 ene"5 !inti! ne!e&"i $" e( de&$(8%iento de (& )"!!ione& de $"oet (,eode ( "ot,"1 $,ede &e" !(!,(d6

Donde me& ( %& de ( $"oet = ve& ( 0e(o!idd de (& )"!!ione&1 +,e &e &,%ei,( ( 0e(o!idd de( $nd,(o en e( %o%ento de( i%$!to 9v 1 %&;.

E( e&t*nd" ASTM E2@?2 de'ne e( en&=o de ""& "n,"d& ( i%$!to !o%o ,nen&=o $o" e( !,( &e o&e"0 e( !o%$o"t%iento de( %et( !,ndo e&t* &,:eto ($(i!!i/n de ,n !" -ni! +,e ene" ,n e&tdo de e&),e"8o& %,(ti


8/17

As'ecto eneral de la M-#$ina de C)ar'*

4" (o& en&=o& de i%$!to &e ,& e( M"tinete de 4nd,(o $" En&=o& $o" C3o+,e4S@1 %"! e&to$")%&!3inen1 de( !,( &e %,e&t" &, &$e!to ene"( en (',".

S,& !"!te"5&ti!& t!ni!& &on6

Ene"5 +,e ene" e( $nd,(o $.% / @ $.% 9en de$enden!i de( %"ti((o in&t(dode %& 1@ / W1 1 !o""e&$ondiente%ente;.

G"d,!i/n de ( e&!( 1 $.% = 12 $.

Ve(o!idd de i%$!to 1 %&.

Di&tn!i ent"e e( e:e de "ot!i/n de( %"ti((o = e( !ent"o de ( %,e&t" W2 %%.

Xn,(o de (e0nt%iento de( %"ti((o $" ini!i" e( en&=o .

Redondedo de( '(o de( %"ti((o 2 Z 1 %%.

E( e&t*nd" ASTM E2@?2 $"e&ent (& &i,iente& e


9/17

2; 4"oet de !e"o AISI O te%$(d en !eite1

@; 4"oet de !e"o AISI O te%$(d en ,.

E( e&t*nd" ASTM "e!o%iend (o& &i,iente& ti$o& de $"oet&6

Probetas 'ara el ensa*o de C)ar'*

Se deen %edi" !,iddo&%ente (& $"oet& !on in&t",%ento& de %edi!i/n!on0en!ion(e&= !on!(,i" +, ti$o& de $"oet &e ,&n $" n,e&t" $"*!ti!.

Co%o &e 0e en ( '," nte"io"1 en (& $"oet& &e "e(i8 ,n "n," o in!i&i/n. Di!3"n," tiene e( o:eto de +,e ( $"oet &e "o%$ en ,n &o(o i%$!to. Ade%*& ( "n,""nti8 e( "o%$i%iento de ( $"oet $o" ,n &e!!i/n !ont"o(d. En e&te ti$o de$"oet& (o& e&),e"8o& = ( de)o"%!i/n $(*&ti! &e !on!ent"n en ,n $"te (i%itd de(0o(,%en de ( %,e&t"1 ("ededo" de ( in!i&i/n. 4"e!i&%ente +,5 e& donde e& &o"id

$"*!ti!%ente tod ( ene"5 de( i%$!to. En ( '," &e %,e&t" ,n e&+,e% de (di&t"i,!i/n de (o& e&),e"8o&. E&t "*'! ),e otenid !on =,d de( $"o"% dee(e%ento& 'nito& ALGOR.
http://www.utp.edu.co/~gcalle/Contenidos/InstrumentConv.htmhttp://www.utp.edu.co/~gcalle/Contenidos/InstrumentConv.htmhttp://www.utp.edu.co/~gcalle/Contenidos/InstrumentConv.htmhttp://www.utp.edu.co/~gcalle/Contenidos/InstrumentConv.htm


10/17

An*(i&i& de e&),e"8o& !on e(e%ento& 'nito&. Se %,e&t" ( !on!ent"!i/n de e&),e"8o&("ededo" de ( ent((d," = ( $o&i(e $"o$!i/n de ( de)o"%!i/n.

REA"IACI/N DE" ENSAYO

0 E( en&=o &e "e(i8 &/(o $o" e( $"o)e&o" en $"e&en!i de (o& (,%no&1 &e d"*n+,5 (,n& "e!o%end!ione& di!ion(e&.

1. No o(0ide "e(i8" ( %edi!i/n de (& $"did& $o" )"i!!i/n. E&te en&=o &e 3!e &inin&t(" $"oet.

2. Si no &e 3n $e&do (& $"oet&1 (& )"!!ione& de &t& de&$,& de !di%$!to deen &e" en!ont"d&1 e%$!d& = "ot,(d& $" &, $o&te"io" $e&:e.

3. 4/n&e e&$e!i( ten!i/n ( ti%"e de( &onido o!&iondo $o" e( i%$!to = ("ot," e&to no& d ,n ide de ( )"i(idd !o%$"ti0 de (o& %te"i(e&.

4. O&"0e&e !on ten!i/n ( &e!!i/n de ( "ot,"1 e&te n*(i&i& t%in no& o)"e!edto& &o"e ( )"i(idd de (o& %te"i(e&.

5. -nten&e (o& $ed8o& de !d $"oet 3!indo(o& !oin!idi" !o%o ,n"o%$e!e8& = o&e"0e (& de)o"%!ione& "e&id,(e& !o%$"ti0& $" !d $"oet.

L& )/"%,(& ,&"&e &on6

Not 6 Un i(o$ondio e& (o %i&%o +,e ,n i(o"%o ),e"8 $o" (o tnto6 $% 1W

3tt$6\\\.,t$.ed,.!o]!((eContenido&I%$!to.3t%3tt$6\\\.,di&t"it(.ed,.!o6WWdo!,%ent&22@WENSAYO^DE^IM4ACTO.$d)_0e"&ion.

3tt$&6e&.&!"id.!o%do!W@[En&=o?C3"$=?I8od

INFLUENCIA DE LA TEM4ERATURA EN EL COM4ORTAMIENTO MECXNICO DE LOSMATERIALES
http://www.utp.edu.co/~gcalle/Contenidos/Impacto.htmhttp://www.udistrital.edu.co:8080/documents/19625/239908/ENSAYO+DE+IMPACTO.pdf?version=1.0http://www.udistrital.edu.co:8080/documents/19625/239908/ENSAYO+DE+IMPACTO.pdf?version=1.0https://es.scribd.com/doc/99018034/Ensayo-Charpy-Izodhttp://www.utp.edu.co/~gcalle/Contenidos/Impacto.htmhttp://www.udistrital.edu.co:8080/documents/19625/239908/ENSAYO+DE+IMPACTO.pdf?version=1.0http://www.udistrital.edu.co:8080/documents/19625/239908/ENSAYO+DE+IMPACTO.pdf?version=1.0https://es.scribd.com/doc/99018034/Ensayo-Charpy-Izod


11/17

Lo& &$e!to& %*& i%$o"tnte& en e( !o%$o"t%iento %e!*ni!o de (o& %te"i(e& &on6

. L d,!ti(idd1 +,e e& ( $"o$iedd de &o$o"t" "nde& de)o"%!ione& $(*&ti!&$" $"od,!i" $ie8& -ti(e&

2. L "e&i&ten!i %e!*ni!1 +,e e& "e&$on&(e de +,e (o& %te"i(e& &o$o"ten"nde& e&),e"8o& &in "o%$e"&e.

A%& $"o$iedde& &on ),e"te%ente de$endiente& de ( te%$e"t," ( !,( &e "e(i8( $",e.

En ene"( ( "e&i&ten!i di&%in,=e = ( d,!ti(idd &e in!"e%ent ( ,%ent" (te%$e"t," de $",e.

Fi. . In>,en!i de ( te%$e"t," en e( !o%$o"t%iento de !e"o ( !"/n.

L Fi. 2 %,e&t" ( 0"i!i/n de ( "e&i&ten!i ( t"!!i/n de 0"io& %et(e& = (e!ione&en

),n!i/n de ( te%$e"t,".


12/17

Fi. 2. In>,en!i de ( te%$e"t," en ( "e&i&ten!i ( t"!!i/n de di)e"ente& %te"i(e&= (e!ione&. J2K

A( in!"e%ent"&e ( te%$e"t," &e $"od,!e ene"!i/n de &i&te%& de de&(i8%iento = (o$e"!i/n de ot"o& %e!ni&%o& de de)o"%!i/n !o%o e( de&(i8%iento de o"de& de"no (t& te%$e"t,"&1 +,e di&%in,=en e( end,"e!i%iento $o" de)o"%!i/n.

L d,!ti(idd di&%in,=e 3&t ,n %5ni%o1 de&$,& &e in!"e%ent1 :,&to nte& de( $,nto de),&i/n $"e&ent ,n $"did ",$t de d,!ti(idd $o" ( ),&i/n (o!( de "eione& !oni%$,"e8&1 ene"(%ente (5%ite& de "no1 e&to &e !ono!e !o%o `Hot &3o"tne&&a o`F"i(idd en !(ientea.

L d,!ti(idd de ,n !e"o de :o !"/n en ),n!i/n de ( te%$e"t," &e %,e&t" en (Fi. [.

4o" de:o de ( te%$e"t," %iente1 &e o&e"0 ,n "ei/n de %,= : d,!ti(idd1deido ( t"n&i!i/n d-!ti(?)"*i( +,e &e $"e&ent de ?2 ?C de$endiendo de (!o%$o&i!i/n1 t%Po de "no = %todo de $",e. De @C ( d,!ti(idd !e $o"( `)"i(idd en 8,(a o n!(%iento de (& di&(o!!ione& $o" *to%o& de !"/n1nit"/eno1 et!. &e o&e"0 ,n e&t",!t," !e(,(" di)e"ente +,e ene"(%ente tiene %,=(t den&idd de di&(o!!ione& en%"Pd&. De&$,& &e in!"e%ent ( d,!ti(idd !on (te%$e"t," $e"o1 !,ndo e( 3ie""o BCC &e t"n&)o"% FCC1 di&%in,=e ( d,!ti(idd = &e

in!"e%ent ( "e&i&ten!i1 deido ( )(t de %o0i(idd de (o& *to%o& de 3ie""o ( )o"%"( e&t",!t," FCC = ( di&%in,!i/n de( n-%e"o de &i&te%& de de&(i8%iento1 de [W9BCC; 2 9FCC;. C,ndo e( 3ie""o FCC &e t"n&)o"% 3ie""o de(t1 &e in0ie"te (&it,!i/n = ( d,!ti(idd ,%ent.


13/17

Fi. E)e!to de ( te%$e"t," en e( e&),e"8o de Fi. . E)e!to de ( te%$e"t," en T1( "ed,!!i/n >,en!i de (o& %te"i(e&6 BCC 1 Mo1 Fe = Ni FCC. de *"e de T1 1 Mo1 Fe = Ni.

En ( Fi. @ &e %,e&t" ( 0"i!i/n de( e&),e"8o de >,en!i !on ( te%$e"t," $" (o&%te"i(e& BCC6 tnt(io1 t,n&teno1 %o(ideno = 3ie""o = $" e( FCC6 n5+,e(. En ( Fi. [&e $"e&ent ( in>,en!i de ( te%$e"t," en ( "ed,!!i/n de( *"e de (o& %i&%o&%te"i(e&. Note +,e e( e& )"*i( bC e( Fe ?22bC = +,e e( Ni di&%in,=e %,= $o!o&, d,!ti(idd &o"e todo e( "no de te%$e"t,"&.

En (o& %et(e& !-i!o& !ent"do& en (& !"& (& o$inione& no &on !on!o"dnte&. E(e&),e"8o de >,en!i no e& ),e"te%ente de$endiente de ( te%$e"t," $e"o e( !oe'!ientede end,"e!i%iento $o" de)o"%!i/n di&%in,=e ( ,%ent" ( te%$e"t,". E&to "e&,(ten ,n $(n%iento de ( !,"0 ten&i/n?de)o"%!i/n !on e( in!"e%ento de te%$e"t," =1enton!e&1 ( "e&i&ten!i ( t"!!i/n e& %*& de$endiente de ( te%$e"t," +,e e(

e&),e"8o de >,en!i 4"*!ti!%ente todo& (o& %te"i(e& = (e!ione& %,e&t"n ,n "ei/nde te%$e"t," inte"%edi de d,!ti(5dd %5ni%. 4" (& (e!ione& &e n5+,e(1 Fi. 1&e $"e&ent $o" de:o de ( te%$e"t," de "e!"i&t(i8!i/n. A( ,%ent" ( te%$e"t,"1de&$,& de ( "e!"i&t(i8!i/n1 &e in!"e%ent ( d,!ti(idd.

TEM4ERATURA HOMLOGA

4" !o%$"" (& $"o$iedde& %e!*ni!& de di)e"ente& %te"i(e& 0"i& te%$e"t,"&&e ,ti(i8 ( te%$e"t," 3o%/(o1 +,e "e(!ion ( te%$e"t," de $",e !on ( de),&i/n1 %& e,en!i de do& %te"i(e& ,n te%$e"t,"3o%/(o e+,i0(ente1 e& "e!o%end(e !o""ei" e( e)e!to de ( te%$e"t," en e( %/d,(ode Yo,n !o%$"ndo "e(!ione& de (E en 0e8 de "e(!ione& &i%$(e& de e&),e"8o& de>,en!i.

RANGOS DE TEM4ERATURAS EN LA DEFORMACIN


14/17

No e,en!i ,%ent %edid +,e di&%in,=e ( te%$e"t,".

En ,n (e!i/n dd1 ( te%$e"t," de t"n&i!i/n &,e(e 0"i" !on ( 0e(o!idd dede)o"%!i/n = !on e( t%Po de "no. Si ( $ie8 $"e&ent ,n ent((e1 ( te%$e"t," (+,e &e $"od,!e ( t"n&i!i/n e& %=o". 4o" e&o (o& en&=o& de i%$!to ,ti(i8n $"oet&ent((d&1 $" "e$"od,!i" (& $eo"e& !ondi!ione& de &e"0i!io.

L t"n&i!i/n d-!ti(?)"*i( no tiene i%$o"tn!i $" e( !on)o"%do de %te"i(e& $e"o &i$" $(i!!ione& e&t",!t,"(e&1 !,ndo (& te%$e"t,"& de &e"0i!io e&tn $o" de:o de( te%$e"t," de t"n&i!i/n.

DEFORMACIN EN FRO

L de)o"%!i/n en )"5o &e $"od,!e !,ndo e( %te"i( end,"e!e $"o"e&i0%ente %edid+,e ,%ent ( de)o"%!i/n $(*&ti!1 e&to i%$(i! +,e no &e $"e&entn )en/%eno& de"e!,$e"!i/n ni "e!"i&t(i8!i/n. E( "no de t":o en )"5o e&t* (i%itdo ent"e (&te%$e"t,"& de t"n&i!i/n d-!ti(?)"*i( = de "e!"i&t(i8!i/n.

E( !on!e$to de de)o"%!i/n en )"5o no e&t* "e(!iondo !on ( te%$e"t," de t":do.4o" e:e%$(o1 e( $(o%o ),nde @2bC 9bc; = &, te%$e"t," de "e!"i&t(i8!i/n e& (


15/17

%iente o -n in)e"io"1 &e-n ( $,"e8 de( %et(. 4o" ot" $"te1 e( t,n&teno ),nde @[bC 9@W@ bc; = "e!"i&t(i8 bC. 4o" (o nte"io"1 e( $(o%o &e t": en !(iente te%$e"t," %iente %ient"& +,e e( t,n&teno en )"5o WC.

E( t":o en )"5o tiene (o& &i,iente& in!on0eniente&6

L "e&i&ten!i +,e $"e&ent e( %et( &e" de)o"%do e&1 $o" (o !o%-n1 e(e0d =,%ent d,"nte e( $"o!e&o deido ( end,"e!i%iento $o" de)o"%!i/n.

L d,!ti(idd1 en ene"(1 e& "ed,!id1 $o" (o +,e no &e $,eden (!n8" "nde&de)o"%!ione& $(*&ti!& &in "e!,""i" "e!o!ido& inte"%edio&.

L& 0ent:& +,e $"e&ent ( de)o"%!i/n en )"5o &on6

. No &e "e+,ie"e ene"5 $" e( !(ent%iento de( %et(12. No 3= $"did& de %te"i( $o" o


16/17

L %=o" $"te de ( ene"5 ,ti(i8d en ( de)o"%!i/n en )"5o de ,n %et( &e di&i$!o%o !(o" = e( "e&to &e (%!en !o%o de)e!to& !"i&t(ino&1 H,%$3"e=& = Ht3e"(=. LFi. indi! !o%o 0"5n (,n& $"o$iedde& %e!*ni!& !on e( in!"e%ento de (de)o"%!i/n en )"5o.

D,"nte ( de)o"%!i/n $(*&ti! e( 0o(,%en $e"%ne!e !on&tnte. 4" $"od,!i" e(("%iento de ,n %te"i( en ( de)o"%!i/n en )"5o1 (o& "no& &e deen ("" en (di"e!!i/n de&ed =1 !o""e&$ondiente%ente1 "ed,!i" en (& di"e!!ione& t"n&0e"&(e& e&too!&ion ,n "n in!"e%ento en e( *"e de o"de de( "no. En ( Fi. &e $"e&ent (%i!"oe&t",!t," de ,n !e"o W !on di)e"ente& "do& de de)o"%!i/n.

DEFORMACIN EN CALIENTE

Se de)o"% en !(iente ,n %te"i( !,ndo &e $"od,!e "e!,$e"!i/n = "e!"i&t(i8!i/n&i%,(t*ne%ente !on ( de)o"%!i/n. E( "no de t":do en !(iente e&t* !o%$"endidoent"e ( te%$e"t," de "e!"i&t(i8!i/n = ( de ),&i/n de( %et(.

Co%o e( %et( no end,"e!e d,"nte e( $"o!e&o1 t%$o!o &e )"i(i81 $o" (o +,e (d,!ti(idd e& $"*!ti!%ente i(i%itd. L e(e0d d,!ti(idd = ,&en!i de end,"e!i%iento$o" de)o"%!i/n &e dee +,e ( te%$e"t," $e"%ite ,n %=o" di),&i/n de 0!n!i& einte"&ti!i(e& = ( t"e$do de di&(o!!ione&1 (o +,e !ond,!e ( "e!"i&t(i8!i/n de( %et(.

Lo& $"o!e&o& de t":do en !(iente &on %,= !o%,ne& !o%o o$e"!ione& $"i%"i& o dede&&te.

L& 0ent:& de( t":do en !(iente &on6

; E( %et( $"e&ent %eno" "e&i&ten!i ( de)o"%!i/n =1 $o" ende1 &e "e+,ie"e%eno" $oten!i ne!e&"i $" de)o"%"1

; Un d,!ti(idd $"*!ti!%ente i(i%itd en e( %et(1!; 4o&ii(idd de %e:o"" ( e&t",!t," 'nndo e( t%Po de "no1d; Ho%oenei8!i/n +,5%i!.

Ent"e (& de&0ent:& e&t*n6

; Son ne!e&"i& in&t(!ione& !o%$(e%ent"i& $" e( !(ent%iento de (& $ie8&1; L& (t& te%$e"t,"& )0o"e!en (& "e!!ione& de( %et( !on e( %edio %iente1

$o" (o +,e (& o


17/17

&,$e"'!i(e& = $"did& de %te"i(. En (o& !e"o& e&t& $"did& o&!i(n ent"e e( 2= e( @Q.

FRAGILIDAD EN CALIENTE

M,!3o& %et(e& = (e!ione& no $,eden &e" t":do& en !(iente $o"+,e $"e&entn ,n

%"!d tenden!i "iet"&e = "o%$e"&e en e&te "no de te%$e"t,"&. E&te!o%$o"t%iento &e !ono!e !o%o `)"i(idd en !(ientea1 t%in e& i%$o"tnte en$ie8& ),ndid& $o"+,e $,ede $"od,!i" "iet%iento& d,"nte ( &o(idi'!!i/n.

L& !,&& +,e $"od,!en )"i(idd en !(iente &e $,eden !(&i'!" en6

; Co%$onente& e&t",!t,"(e& de :o $,nto de ),&i/n 9e,t!ti!o&; o i%$,"e8& 94 en!e"o& o (tone&; +,e ),nden te%$e"t,"& !e"!n& ( de "e!"i&t(i8!i/n de(%et( &e.

; 4"e!i$it!i/n de !on&tit,=ente& d,"o& = )"*i(e& $"ti" de &o(,!ione& &/(id&. E&toi%$(i! +,e (& te%$e"t,"& en +,e $"e!en e&to& $"e!i$itdo& no $,eden ,&"&e

$" $"o!e&o& de de)o"%!i/n $(*&ti!.

En ambos casos interesa la morfologa de las fases fusibles o frgiles. Estas pueden aparecer como partculas

aisladas o como redes continuas en el borde de grano.

Documents

Esayo de materiales