ESB INTERNATIONAL SITE AT KNOTTINGLEY Historic ......ESB INTERNATIONAL SITE AT KNOTTINGLEY Historic Mining Review SH10762/002 - FINAL October 2013 Page 2 2 GEOLOGY 2.1 The geological

ESB INTERNATIONAL

SITE AT KNOTTINGLEY

Historic Mining Review

October 2013

Wardell Armstrong Sir Henry Doulton House, Forge Lane, Etruria, Stoke-on-Trent, ST1 5BD, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)845 111 7777 Facsimile: +44 (0)845 111 8888 www.wardell-armstrong.com

Wardell Armstrong is the trading name of Wardell Armstrong LLP, Registered in England No. OC307138.

Registered office: Sir Henry Doulton House, Forge Lane, Etruria, Stoke-on-Trent, ST1 5BD, United Kingdom

UK Offices: Stoke-on-Trent, Birmingham, Cardiff, Carlisle, Edinburgh, Greater Manchester, London, Newcastle upon Tyne, Penryn, Sheffield, Truro, West Bromwich. International Offices: Almaty, Moscow

ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY

INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES

LAND AND PROPERTY

MINING AND MINERAL PROCESSING

MINERAL ESTATES AND QUARRYING

WASTE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

DATE ISSUED: FINAL – 30/10/13

JOB NUMBER: SH10762

ELECTRONIC REFERENCE: SH10762-00336

REPORT NUMBER: 002 – Historic Mining Review

ESB INTERNATIONAL

SITE AT KNOTTINGLEY

Error! No text of specified style in document.

Historic Mining Review

October 2013

PREPARED BY:

C Smith Associate Director

D Wilshaw Technical Director

APPROVED BY:

D Wilshaw Technical Director

This report has been prepared by Wardell Armstrong LLP with all reasonable skill, care and diligence, within the terms of the Contract with the Client. The report is confidential to the Client and Wardell Armstrong LLP accepts no responsibility of whatever nature to third

parties to whom this report may be made known.

No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior written approval of Wardell Armstrong LLP.

ESB INTERNATIONAL SITE AT KNOTTINGLEY Historic Mining Review

SH10762/002 - FINAL October 2013

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1

2 GEOLOGY ............................................................................................................................ 2

3 HISTORIC MINING .............................................................................................................. 4

4 SUBSIDENCE ESTIMATIONS ................................................................................................ 7

5 DISCUSSIONS .................................................................................................................... 13

6 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................... 16

DRAWINGS

Drawing No. Title Scale

SH10762-101 Site Location 1:25,000

SH10762-102 Silkstone Seam Historic Mining 1:5,000

SH10762-103 Beeston Seam Historic Mining 1:5,000

SH10762-104 BGS Published Geology (Extract) 1:50,000

SH10762-105 Subsidence to 2011 (SEH + 17.5%) 1:5,000

SH10762-106 Total Subsidence (SEH + 20%) 1:5,000

SH10762-107 Theoretical Residual Subsidence 2011 Onwards (2.5% SEH) 1:5,000

APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Coal Authority Mining Report dated 24 February 2010

Appendix 2 UK Coal 5 Year Plan (2007)

Appendix 3 General Principles of Coal Mining Subsidence and Glossary of Terms

Appendix 4 Reference Documents (Duration of Mining Subsidence)

Appendix 5 InSAR Surveying Technical Report 1992-2001

Appendix 6 InSAR Surveying Technical Report 2002-2010



Page 1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 This report has been prepared in accordance with the scope of the Mining

Consultancy Services Enquiry Document, issued by ESB International (ESBI) of Dublin,

Ireland, on 30 August 2011. The report summarises the historic underground coal

mining activities and associated mining induced subsidence implications in relation

to the site shown edged red on Drawing No. SH10762-101. ESBI proposes to develop

a natural gas fired power station on the site which is located on the eastern fringe of

the Knottingley conurbation, at the site of the former Oxiris chemical plant on

Common Lane; some 3km north east of junction 33 on the M62, between Pontefract

and Goole in North Yorkshire.

1.2 This report has been commissioned to identify the historic underground coal mining

activities relating to the site. Based on the identified mining setting, the future risk

to the operation of a power station at the site is outlined. A power station is an

unusual form of development, and is distinct from other forms of

commercial/industrial development insofar as it incorporates high value apparatus

that is typically intolerant of even small amounts of ground movement (critical

structures). Damage to critical structures is therefore likely to present the greatest

risk to the operation and viability of the scheme.

1.3 In the preparation of this report the following enquiries have been made:

- Examination and interpretation of a Coal Authority coal mining report,

referenced 00008225-10, dated 24 February 2010, provided by ESBI, Appendix 1.

- Exploratory meeting with UK Coal to identify all known historic coal mining

activities in the vicinity of the site.

- Research of the published geological records for the site.

1.4 The critical structures associated with the proposed power station are expected to

be located within the site boundary identified on Drawing No. SH10762-101. Their

specific location, however, is yet to be identified.

1.5 To assist in the understanding of mining techniques and associated subsidence, a

guide entitled “General Principles of Coal Mining Subsidence” is provided at

Appendix 3. Included therein is a glossary of terms.



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2 GEOLOGY

2.1 The geological structure of an area determines the proximity and availability of in-

situ reserves of coal relative to the surface area under consideration. Additionally,

the geological structure of an area can have a significant influence on mining induced

ground movements (subsidence). The existence of geological faults and strata prone

to fissuring also needs particular consideration.

Sources

2.2 The published geological mapping, sheet 78 published in 1978 has been examined to

identify the geological structure at the proposed site. Consideration has also been

given to the underground geological structure of the area as identified by UK Coal

(Drawing Nos. SH10762-102 and 103 refer). An extract from the 1978 geological

mapping is provided at Drawing No. SH10762-104 and is described as follows.

Superficial Deposits

2.3 The published geological mapping indicates that the site is likely to be underlain by

glaciolacustrine sand deposits. In consideration of the previous industrial land use at

the site, it is reasonable to assume that a variable thickness of Made Ground

deposits are also present, overlying the glaciolacustrine Superficial Deposits.

Solid Strata

2.4 The published mapping indicates that the Superficial Deposits beneath the site are

underlain by the Upper Permian Marl, which is a reddish brown calcareous

mudstone and sandstone unit with anhydrite beds towards its lower boundary. This

strata is underlain by the Magnesian Limestone and, ultimately, sandstones,

mudstones and coal seams of Carboniferous Age. The coal seams within the

Carboniferous strata have been, and continue to be, extensively exploited locally.

Structure

2.5 The published geological mapping does not identify any geological faulting at surface

within or immediately adjacent to the site. Information provided by UK Coal,

Appendix 2, confirms the presence of geological faulting at the mining horizon (i.e. at

depth beneath the site). Generally, this faulting trends in a north-east/south-west

direction in the vicinity of the site. The UK Coal data records the Knottingley Fault to

be present beneath the central part of the site at the mining horizon, down throwing



Page 3

strata to the south-east. The Stubbs Lane Fault is projected to be present to the

south-east of the site at the mining horizon, also down throwing strata to the south-

east.

2.6 These faults (present at the mine horizons) are not shown to transgress through the

overlying Permian strata through to the surface. Should the faults transgress to

surface then the routes are conjectured by Wardell Armstrong, on the basis of

typical Coal Measure strata angles of hade, to intersect with the western part of the

site and to be some 150m to the south east of the site respectively, as shown on

Drawing No SH10762-102. Where faults transgress to the surface they provide the

potential for localised severe movements (lines of weakness) to occur at the time of

mining as a consequence of the mining re-activating the fault.



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3 HISTORIC MINING

3.1 The proposed power station site is located within the North Yorkshire coalfield

within which extensive underground mining of coal has taken place over a

considerable period of time. Furthermore, the existence of substantial reserves of

coal provides the potential for ongoing and future working. Surface subsidence is

inevitable where coal seams are extracted for bulk production purposes. The

amount of movement and damage caused to surface structures is dependent on the

extent and proximity of the mining operations relative to the subject property and is

discussed in the next section of this report.

3.2 In general terms, the strata providing support for the site (support area) constitutes

a conical body of strata with the site at the apex and the boundary of the cone

extending outwards at 35° to the vertical which equates to 0.7 x the seam depth,

Appendix 3 Figure 6 refers. The support area, therefore, increases in footprint with

depth. The extraction of panels of coal within the support area would cause the

progressive withdrawal of support from the site. Researches undertaken by Wardell

Armstrong and experience of monitoring results associated with past and active

mining activities in the Kellingley area have revealed evidence that movements

associated with coal mining in this locality could extend outwards at 45º

corresponding to 1.0 x the seam depth. In this regard and for the purposes of this

report, the support areas shown on Drawing Nos. SH10762-102 and 103 have been

determined based on an outward extension of 45° (1.0 x depth).

3.3 The underground coal mining activities relative to the site have been identified on

the basis of drawings provided by UK Coal (Appendix 2). These plans are directly

derived from the statutory working plan for the mine, which is prepared in strict

accordance with the provisions of the requirements of Section 17 of the Mines and

Quarries Act, 1954, and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The position of

the underground workings is required to be accurately correlated to the Ordnance

Survey National Grid to exacting standards. Accordingly, the UK Coal drawings are

regarded to be a reliable and complete record of the mining history within

influencing distance of the site.

3.4 Kellingley Colliery, the surface infrastructure for which is located some 1km to the

east of the site (Drawing No. SH10762-101) has been operated by UK Coal (formerly

RJB Mining) since privatisation of the coal industry in 1994. This colliery has, in the



Page 5

past, extracted coal by underground workings in the Beeston seam in the general

vicinity of and immediately beneath the site and has also extracted coal by

underground workings in the Silkstone seam in the vicinity of the site. Workings in

the Beeston seam are currently taking place (some 6km to the east) within the

Kellingley Colliery licence area, albeit these current workings are well outside the

potential zone of influence of the site. The Silkstone seam lies at a depth of around

640 metres beneath the site. The Beeston seam lies at a depth of some 700 metres

beneath the site.

3.5 The deep mining in the Silkstone and Beeston seams has been undertaken,

exclusively, using longwall extraction techniques (both advancing and retreating

panels). This mining is known to have generated contemporaneous ground

settlements in excess of 1m above the longwall face with minor residual movements

taking place for up to c13 years, necessitating preventative and remedial work to

surface structures. Wardell Armstrong have attempted to obtain survey records from

public sector bodies and infrastructure operators in the area (the Highways Agency,

Network Rail, British Waterways et al) without success. Save as to evidence provided

by way of repair records, anecdotal information and published technical papers that

document remedial works following the mining event, it is in any case, improbable

that any long term precise monitoring (in excess of 13 years) will have been carried

out to provide a record of any substantive relevance to the construction of the

proposed natural gas fired power station. Published technical papers, referring to

monitoring undertaken along the Aire and Calder Navigation Canal, indicate that

residual movements may persist for at least 13 years.

3.6 The extent of coal in both the Silkstone and Beeston seams, which provides support

for the site (support area), is shown edged on Drawing Nos. SH10762-102 and 103

respectively. These areas can only be regarded as the approximate boundary, as

such they are described on the drawings as the ‘Notional Support Area’ and are

based on a conservative assumption that influence from the mining extends at a 45°

angle of draw (i.e. 1.0 x depth). The extraction of coal, by the working of panels

within the support area, would withdraw support from the site and result in varying

degrees of subsidence, dependent upon the proximity and extent of the mining

within the support pillar. Having regard to the notional support area and the mining

details shown on Drawing Nos. SH10762-102 and 103, the mining activities to have

affected the site are described as follows.



Page 6

Silkstone Seam – Kellingley Colliery (Drawing No. SH10762-102)

3.7 There has not been any extraction of coal in the Silkstone seam, in the past, within

the support area for the site. Whilst no workings have taken place to–date within

the support area for the site, workings (shown red) have taken place within 1km to

the north and south east of the site between 1981 and 1991. These past workings

will not be expected to have caused ground movements to affect the site, as they

are outside the support area for the site.

Beeston Seam – Kellingley Colliery (Drawing No. SH10762-103)

3.8 Coal extraction has been carried out within the Beeston seam, within the support

area for the proposed power station site. The Beeston seam mining is at a depth of

around 700m with an extraction height of c2.2m. Extensive workings have taken

place within influencing distance of the site in two phases between 1965/74 and

1980/85. The site was predominantly affected by the earlier phase of mining, being

beneath the site, and to a lesser extent by the latter mining being removed from the

site.

Other Mining

3.9 The above represents a review of all coal mining activities carried out within

influencing distance of the site. Proximate mining activity has also been historically

undertaken from other coal mines in the area including the nearby Prince of Wales

Colliery (c7km west of the site), Fryston Colliery (c 7km north west of the site) and

Askern Colliery (c.4km south of the site). On the basis of the information made

available by UK Coal (Appendix 2) and the mining report prepared by the Coal

Authority (Appendix 1), workings from these collieries are sufficiently removed to

not have affected the site.

3.10 No records have been located regarding the mining of other minerals within

influencing distance of the site. It is possible that surface excavation of minerals

(sand and gravel) could have taken place at the site in the past. This would normally

be addressed within a targeted site investigation and therefore beyond the scope of

this report.



Page 7

4 SUBSIDENCE ESTIMATIONS

4.1 Coal mining subsidence does not conform with any precise formula and the

estimation of such movements has been described as an “art” and not a science. As

indicated at Appendix 3, the most widely used technique for estimating mining

subsidence is the empirically derived publication entitled “Subsidence Engineers’

Handbook”. The handbook is limited to comparatively simple mine layouts and it is

recognised that local models can differ from the model contained in the Subsidence

Engineers’ Handbook. Having regard to this situation in preparing the estimates of

subsidence contained in this report, consideration has been given to the general

principles set out in the Subsidence Engineers’ Handbook, information identified

with regard to local behavioural trends and professional judgement based on the

principal author’s extensive experience gained in connection with coal mining

subsidence over the past 30 years.

4.2 On the basis of the mining details provided by UK Coal, subsidence estimations have

been made in order to determine the potential ground movements arising as a result

of the historic mining operations.

Duration

4.3 In a deep mining situation (which pertains at Knottingley) subsidence is

conventionally regarded to be complete within a few years following completion of

mining. There are varying opinions on the duration of subsidence from a few weeks

to a few years. For example the Coal Authority is believed to regard deep mining

related subsidence to be complete within a few months. Technical literature

suggests that movements are complete within a few months up to a few years,

Appendix 4 refers. Exceptionally, in the technical paper published by C R Ferrari in

1995 a period of 11 years or more is reported. The longer duration of subsidence

has often been attributed to the working of multiple seams or where there is a

geological influence (eg fault reactivation).

4.4 It has often been necessary to address the topic of the duration of mining

subsidence movement and in the absence of information to the contrary, it has been

contended by Wardell Armstrong that residual movements, which have been proved

to diminish in magnitude with time, could continue over a period of some 18 months

after the causative mining. However, attention is drawn (Appendix 3) to the large



Page 8

variance in professional opinion on this subject. Our opinion is formed on the basis

of a combination of conventional monitoring by accurate instrumentation and the

experience of incidences of damage to properties following mining activity.

4.5 In reality, the absolute duration of mining subsidence remains in doubt as the vast

majority of accurate monitoring is typically curtailed within a comparatively short

period of time after the causative mining. As such, we have been unable to identify

situations where accurate monitoring has extended over a considerable number of

years after the mining. It appears extremely doubtful that accurate monitoring will

have taken place anywhere within coal mining areas for periods of 30 to 40 years

after mining, which is the period since mining has taken place within influencing

distance of this site. Accordingly, this precludes any definitive conclusions being able

to be identified regarding the absolute duration of subsidence associated with deep

coal mining activities.

4.6 Whilst the absolute duration of deep mining related subsidence cannot be

confirmed, for most practical purposes we currently remain of the opinion that such

movement would be expected to be complete within a few years following the

mining activity. Having regard to the deficiencies within the knowledge of the

duration of movement, it seems highly improbable for any significant movement to

continue beyond 5yrs after mining. Some 30 to 40yrs after the mining, any residual

subsidence would be expected to be of microscopic proportions compared with the

total movement and would also be expected to be comparatively uniform.

4.7 Our opinion, given on the basis of conventional understanding of mining subsidence

development, is therefore that movements associated with the historic mining

activities are most likely to be complete by now and as such do not represent a risk

to the site.

Satellite Imagery

4.8 More recently, satellite imagery (InSAR) has been purported to indicate mining

induced movement over hitherto greater periods of time than previously considered.

This is discussed in more detail later in this report. ESBI have obtained InSAR reports

(Appendices 5 and 6) from Fugro NPA, with respect to the site. For the purposes of

this report, Wardell Armstrong has undertaken a preliminary review of these



Page 9

reports. Whilst Persistent Scatterers are generally absent within the eastern part of

the site (a product of the absence of built structures in the area), ostensibly, the

InSAR reports tend to indicate movement at the site during the period 1990-2010.

Having regard to the acute sensitivity of the critical structures, and in the absence of

as yet thorough consideration of the InSAR data, it has been assumed, for the

purposes of this report, that the movement identified by InSAR is representative of

residual deep mining subsidence. Further comment in this regard is to be provided

in the form of a supplemental report.

4.9 In order to compare the InSAR data with residual mining subsidence, it has been

assumed that residual subsidence could, as a worst case scenario, amount to 20% of

the contemporaneous movement and that this would progressively diminish with

time. Publications and expert evidence referred to within Appendix 4 identify the

magnitude of residual subsidence as being between 5% and 10%. The Subsidence

Engineers’ Handbook (page 39) suggests residual subsidence at 2.5%.

4.10 Allowing for 10% of the residual movement to occur within the 10 year period after

the mining (say 1980 – 1990), 5% within the following 10 year period (1990 – 2000),

2.5% in the following 10 years (2000 – 2010) and 2.5% thereafter, we have

identified:

Subsidence to 2011, Drawing No. SH10762-105;

Total subsidence, Drawing No. SH10762-106;

Theoretical residual subsidence 2011 onwards, Drawing No. SH10762-107. It is

emphasised that this is likely to represent a gross exaggeration of what could

reasonably be expected.

Methodology

4.11 As the available subsidence models relate to monitoring data derived from results

obtained during mining activity and for a short period thereafter (often for no more

than a few years) it has been assumed, as a worst case scenario, that a further 20%

of that movement could occur in perpetuity to provide total subsidence. It is

considered reasonable to expect that the pattern of residual subsidence would be

similar to the monitored amounts, as such most residual subsidence would occur

over the mine panels with lesser residual subsidence occurring outside the panels.



Page 10

Accordingly, an overall increase of 20% has been applied to estimates derived from

the base model.

4.12 Subsidence monitoring has historically confirmed that subsidence diminishes with

time and having regard to a typical time development curve it has been assumed

that a large proportion of the movement (10%) would occur within a 10 year period

following the mining, to say 1990. Thereafter, it has been assumed that half that

amount (5% and 2.5%) would develop over the subsequent 10 year periods with (up

to say 2010) and a further minimal amount thereafter (2.5%).

4.13 In order to generate the respective contour values a computer modelling program

(MULPAN) has been utilised. This program was developed by British Coal and takes

due account of the base parameters outlined in SEH.

4.14 The raw output from MULPAN closely approximates a true SEH calculation and is

therefore considered to be analogous to the immediate (short term) ground

movements experienced contemporaneously with completion of the mining. The

MULPAN output files have been adjusted to generate the required subsidence

models (SEH+20% for total long term mining movements, 2.5% SEH for residual

movements etc) and those models have been input to AutoCAD Civils3D to create 3D

ground models for contouring and display.

Modelling Results

4.15 With respect to the site area, the historic mining is confined to the Beeston seam.

Accordingly, a computer model has been prepared of the proximate mining within

the Beeston seam.

4.16 The modelled worst case range of ‘Subsidence to date’ within the site ranges from

c.50mm at the north east of the site to c.1.3m at the south east of the site, as shown

on Drawing No. SH10762-105.

4.17 The modelled worst case range of ‘Total Subsidence’ (i.e. SEH+20%) within the site

ranges from c.50mm at the north east of the site to c.1.35m at the south east of the

site, as shown on Drawing No. SH10762-106.



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4.18 The modelled ‘Subsidence from 2011’ (i.e. the 2.5% of SEH amounting to residual

movement predicted to manifest over some indeterminate period into the future)

ranges from c.1mm at the north of the site to c.27mm at the south east of the site,

as shown on Drawing No. SH10762-107.

4.19 Comparisons have been made between the movements derived by the above

methods with information deriving from the InSAR reports. This comparison shows a

general consensus in the results providing for some substantiation of the time

development curve used in this approach. More details of the comparison of

residual mining subsidence with the InSAR data is set out in the following section of

this report.

Fault Movement and Fissuring

4.20 As indicated in Section 2 of this report, geological faults and strata prone to fissuring

can give rise to unorthodox ground movements both in the context of magnitude

and duration.

4.21 At paragraph 2.6 an indication is provided regarding the possible route of surface

faulting within and adjacent to the site. The Coal Authority report, Appendix 1 (Coal

Mining Geology section), that they are not aware of any evidence of damage at the

site arising due to geological faults (that is the re-activation of faults by the mining

activities).

4.22 The site is recorded to be underlain by Permian Marl which, compared with Bunter

Sandstone, is not prone to fissure when affected by mining. Again the Coal Authority

report (Coal Mining Geology section) no record of other lines of weakness (a term

used to describe fissuring) having developed within the site.

4.23 Examination of the Coal Authority’s website, referral maps, identifies the only record

of unorthodox movement (believed to be associated with the presence of faulting

and Bunter Sandstone) is confined to a single location some 4.5km to the south east

of the site. Accordingly, no records have been located to indicate that the site has

been adversely affected by the re-activation of faults or fissuring of strata associated

with the historic mining activities.



Page 12

Past Damage

4.24 The damage claim history of the site has not been researched. It is noted that the

Coal Authority under the heading Coal Mining Subsidence in their report, make

reference to claims but without any dates. Informal discussions with the Coal

Authority, with the benefit of the currently defined site boundary, have identified

the absence of any claims since their current reporting cut-off date of 1994. Details

of any claims prior to 1994 have not been researched but this is unlikely to advance

the views on the future risk to the site associated with the historic mining activities.



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5 DISCUSSIONS

5.1 The historic mining activities to have affected the site have been identified to have

been confined to deep mine workings in the Beeston seam in the periods 1965/74

and 1980/85. The major proportion of the effect on the site would be expected to

be attributable to those workings within influencing distance of the site that were

worked in 1965/74 (some 40 years ago) as these workings took place beneath and

closer to the site.

5.2 In general terms, movements associated with deep mining activities are regarded to

be largely contemporaneous with the mining activities. The magnitude and duration

of subsidence thereafter has been the subject of differing opinions but in general

terms has traditionally been regarded to be complete within a few years following

the causative mining. As such movements at the site would ordinarily be expected

to be complete by say 1990.

5.3 It is recognised however that the absolute determination of mining movement is

somewhat uncertain. Additionally, the InSAR reports tend to indicate more recent

movement albeit that these reports in themselves do not identify the cause of

movement.

5.4 Having regard to the InSAR data it has been assumed, for the purposes of this report,

that the indicated movement is related to residual mining subsidence movement.

Future movements at the site have been postulated based on this assumption and as

such it is important to assess the reliability or relevance of the InSAR data.

5.5 Preliminary consideration has been given to the InSAR data and informal discussions

have been made with representatives of the authors of the InSAR reports, Fugro

NPA. The following details have been derived:

InSAR (remote sensing) Report

5.6 The InSAR reports suggest movement occurring at or in the immediate proximity of

the site during the period 1992-2001 and 2002-2010. The apparent average in the

first period appears to be around say 2.5mm/yr and in the latter period say

1.00mm/yr providing for 22mm and 8mm respectively. Whilst these movements



Page 14

could be regarded to be consistent with ‘residual movements of microscopic

proportions’ they are greater than would be expected.

5.7 Comparisons of results with the mining areas reveal inconsistencies in regard to

providing a mining related cause. For example, movements are indicated in the area

of the Kellingley Colliery mine shafts, which has a purposely designed support pillar

to afford protection. This suggests that either, the limited number of Persistent

Scatterers provides a false impression of ground movement in this area, or that the

pillar of support was insufficient to provide full and absolute protection against all

mining induced ground movements (but nevertheless, provided adequate protection

insofar as the mine shafts and headgear remained operable). In the built up areas to

the south west of the site, which have been directly undermined, the InSAR data

indicates lesser magnitudes of subsidence than at the site, which has only been

mined around the periphery; the converse would be expected if the movements

were of a mining related cause. Additionally, in the initial period, the movement

appears to be less in the area directly undermined than that indicated to have

occurred at the shafts – the opposite to that which would be expected for a mining

related cause.

5.8 Discussions with Fugro NPA indicate that the satellites do not orbit the earth in a

consistent position and adjustments have to be made to allow for departure in their

orbit. Additionally, each measurement taken to surface reflectors has a multi-

millimetre error band. The facility appears to depend on the averaging of a large

number of readings to provide reliable mean averages to identify changes relative to

an assumed stable point. Having regard to these circumstances the reliability of low

orders of movement identified within the InSAR reports are considered to be

questionable.

5.9 Subject to further clarification, the InSAR data is regarded to be inconclusive in

indicating a mining related cause and of questionable reliability when considering

the low orders of movement of interest. A critical review of the InSAR data is

required to be carried out in order to identify the reliability and relevance of this

data in relation to residual mining subsidence movement. In this regard part of such

a review would be to consider the time development profile for a number of



Page 15

selected points as this would prove to be highly relevant. As previously indicated

(paragraph 4.8) a supplemental report is to be prepared in this regard.



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6 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 The site is situated within the North Yorkshire coalfield. In particular, the site is

situated within the licence area for Kellingley Colliery, from which, extensive mine

workings have taken place at depth, resulting in significant surface movements.

Kellingley Colliery is one of three active deep coal mines in England currently

operated by UK Coal.

6.2 It has been identified that the site has most probably been affected in the past by

subsidence resulting from workings in the Beeston seam, at a depth of some 700

metres. The workings in the Beeston seam were carried out in two principal periods

namely 1965/74 and 1980/5 with the primary impact being associated with the

1965/74 workings as those workings were carried out nearest to the site.

6.3 Movements associated with deep mining activities are generally regarded to be

complete within a few years of the causative mining event. Whilst it is recognised

that the absolute identification of the duration of residual mining subsidence has not

been scientifically proved, our experience indicates that movements at the site

would conventionally be expected to be complete by 1990. Based on current

knowledge, it seems highly improbable for any significant movement to continue

beyond 5 years after mining; after some 30 to 40 years after mining it would be

expected that residual subsidence, if any, would be of microscopic proportions and

be comparatively uniform across the site.

6.4 Geological circumstances can result in unorthodox movements both in relation to

magnitude and duration; typically this occurs where faults are re-activated by the

mining activities. The possible surface location of a fault has been conjectured to

intersect the western part of the site. However, no evidence has been identified to

indicate that the site has been affected by unorthodox movements associated with

the geological structure. Should the mining have re-activated the fault this would

have occurred at the time of mining. Accordingly, the site is not considered to have

been affected by unorthodox movements associated with mining re-activation of

geological faulting.

6.5 In the course of considering the future impact of movements associated with the

historic mining, we have been provided with InSAR Survey reports. A detailed review



Page 17

of the InSAR reports is beyond the scope of this report, nevertheless an initial review

of these reports indicates that movement (subsidence) of the site (albeit by

inference from Persistent Scatterers within the footprint of the former Oxiris

chemical plant, within the western part of the site) has been recorded in the periods

1992-2001 and 2002-2010. Whilst these reports are unable to offer an opinion in

the cause of the movement it has been assumed, strictly for the purposes of this

report, that these movements are indicative of residual mining subsidence.

6.6 On the assumption that the movements identified in the InSAR reports is indicative

of residual mining subsidence movement, an estimate has been postulated of the

movements that could possibly occur at this site beyond the present day, those

being some 2.5% of SEH. This exercise indicates some 1mm to occur at the north of

the site with some 27mm to occur at the south of the site. At this stage it is

recommended that these movements are regarded to represent a worst-case

scenario (ie may overstate the case) and are subject to revision.

6.7 As indicated, the postulated future movements are heavily influenced by the content

matter of the InSAR reports. As such it is important to establish the reliance to be

placed on the InSAR data as this has a major influence of the anticipated movements

to be taken into account in designing the Power Station. It is recommended

therefore that a critical review of the InSAR reports is carried out. This would then

identify whether a review of the estimates provided herein is required.

6.8 In view of the uncertainty regarding the continuance of mining induced movement

at the site, it is recommended that consideration is given to establishing a precise

monitoring network at the site. That monitoring network could include

establishment of a datum at the colliery access shafts as mining should not have

affected these locations. Purpose designed reference points could be established

within the site to enable reliable readings to be obtained with a view to also enable

InSAR readings to be carried out. This would enable the reliance of the InSAR survey

details to be established and confirm whether any movement, in particular

differential movement, is occurring at the site.

450000

421000

451000

452000

45000

422000

423000

424000

425000

426000

Kellingley

Colliery

ESBI KNOTTINGLEY SITE

Reproduced from the

Explorer

R

1:25,000 scale.

Licence Number 100019512

Copyright Reservedc

DRG No.

DRAWN BY

SCALE

CHECKED BY

DATE

APPROVED BY

CLIENT

PROJECT

DRAWING TITLE

ESBI Knottingley

Site Location

DCWDCWCC

08/06/121:25000SH10762-101

16.9m

WO

ME

RS

LE

Y R

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D

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11.8m

10.0m

10.3m

11.7m

12.0m

13.2m

9.9m

10.4m

10.3m

11.0m

10.1m

10.5m

11.7m

11.7m

Bollards

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F

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10.2m

10.2m

10.3m

9.6m

10.4m

10.0m

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s

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S

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W

B

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Warehouse

Works

House

Lock

Works

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Chy

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Cattle

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10.2m

11.6m

9.5m

10.1m

L Twr

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Glebedale

2

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B

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A

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C

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END

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30

32

Town's Drain9.6m

9.7m

Tank

TCB

Tank

M

A

R

S

H

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N

D

Playing Fields

Sewage Works

1

6

3

1

1

4

4

2

a

2

1

1

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Marsh Farm

42

1 to 15

Waterfront

1

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1

1

1

4

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2

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7

44

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0

40

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B

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P

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L

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s

S

T

O

C

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IN

G

L

A

N

E

House

Pump

D

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a

in

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D

r

a

i

n

Pond

D

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in

7.4m

Willow Garths

K

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m

p

B

a

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D

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a

i

n

10.5m

Path (um)

Garths

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K

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m

p

B

a

n

k

Kellingley Farm

450500

451000

451500

452000

452500

424000

423500

423000

V

W

1

1

0

3

/

1

9

9

1

No 2

UPCAST

No 1

DOWNCAST

KELLINGLEY

COLLIERY

1

1

/

1

9

8

8

19.8m

3m

K

N

O

T

T

I

N

G

L

E

Y

F

A

U

L

T

52m

11m

S

T

U

B

B

S

L

A

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C

O

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F

S

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B

B

S

L

A

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F

A

U

L

T

Copyright Reservedc

DRAWN BY

DRAWING TITLE

DRG No. SCALE

CHECKED BY

DATE

APPROVED BY

CLIENT

PROJECT

(HEAD OFFICE)

STOKE-ON-TRENT TEL 0845 111 7777 CARDIFF TEL 029 2072 9191

NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE TEL 0191 232 0943 SHEFFIELD TEL 0114 245 6244

WEST BROMWICH TEL 0121 580 0909

LONDON TEL 020 7287 2872 LIVERPOOL TEL 0151 494 5431

LEIGH TEL 01942 260101

(HEAD OFFICE)



WEST BROMWICH TEL 0121 580 0909 EDINBURGH TEL 0131 555 3311

LONDON TEL 020 7287 2872

LEIGH TEL 01942 260101

Silkstone Seam Historic Mining

CSDCWCC

08/06/121:5000 @ A2SH10762-102

ESBI Knottingley

Pillar of Suport Amended

First Issue

B

A

CSCSJD30/10/13

DCWDCWCC08/06/12

KEY

ESBI SITE BOUNDARY

NOTIONAL SUPPORT AREA FOR THE SITE (1.0 x DEPTH)

SILKSTONE WORKINGS

UKC FAULTING WITHIN SILKSTONE SEAM HORIZON

VW

34

16.9m

WO

ME

RS

LE

Y R

OA

D

88

P

a

t

h

(

u

m

)

P

a

t

h

(

u

m

)

Cemetery61

63

D

r

a

in

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

in

D

r

a

i

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B

l

a

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L

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H

M

O

O

R

L

A

N

E

R

a

m

p

a

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t

D

r

a

i

n

16.4m

15.7m

15.8m

P

ath (um

)

Gordon Terrace

WO

ME

RS

LE

Y R

OA

D

BROOMHILL AVENUE

SL

Gardens

Allotment

Springfields

5

9

74

8

82

Pleasant View

51

41

4

9

11

5

3

1

64

17

19

Gordon Terrace

Westlea Cottages

The Winston

46

62

50a

3

4

58

66

4

60

3

21

(PH)

LB

TCB

Stone

Posts

Track

P

a

th

(u

m

)

P

ath (um

)

Path (um)

BRO

O

M

HILL G

RO

VE

BROOMHILL CLOSE

B

R

O

O

M

H

I

L

L

C

R

E

S

C

E

N

T

BR

OO

MH

ILL S

QU

AR

E

BROOMHILL AVENUE

BR

OO

MH

IL

L D

RIV

E

B

R

O

O

M

H

IL

L

G

R

O

V

E

B

R

O

O

M

H

ILL W

A

LK

BR

OO

MH

IL

L

BR

OO

MH

IL

L P

LA

CE

S

PR

IN

G

FIELD

S

G

R

O

V

E

B

R

O

O

M

H

ILL S

Q

U

A

R

E

Levelling C

rossing

MP .5

Sub

Allotment Gardens

Sta

Cemetery

El

Playing Field

Springfields

BROOMHILL

30

15

Southlands

15

2

9

29

13

7

1

11

16

26

1

2

27

2

10

2a

1

31

6

6

5

0

2

53

1

6

5

13

7

5

9

19

1

68

1

3

84

43

16

7

21

12

3

2

4

7

5

15

3

8

15

53

3

6

43

7

6

7

25

100

41

14

3

4

2

76

17

3

0

72

20

86

47

1

3

7

8

1

12

44

22

1

6

5

2

2

2

Chapel

1

2

4

5

37

4

16

36

3

8

8

2

43

53

1

0

9

33

28

2

2

1

2

2

8

1

5

1

1

2b

36

46

95

58

16

19

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

in

D

r

a

in

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

in

Water

P

ath

(um

)

P

a

th

(u

m

)

B

L

A

C

K

B

U

R

N

L

A

N

E

C

O

M

M

O

N

LA

N

E

B

L

A

C

K

B

U

R

N

L

A

N

E

SL

MS .75

MS 60

SL

Level Crossing

South Moor

South Moor

Works

C

o

C

o

n

s

t &

M

e

t D

is

t B

d

y

D

e

f

D

ra

in

D

ra

in

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

in

D

r

a

in

D

r

a

in

D

r

a

in

K

n

o

t

t

in

g

le

y

a

n

d

G

o

o

le

C

a

n

a

l

D

ra

in

D

ra

in

D

ra

in

A

ir

e

a

n

d

C

a

ld

e

r

N

a

v

ig

a

t

io

n

Kellingley Bridge

S

lu

r

r

y

L

a

g

o

o

n

C

O

M

M

O

N

L

A

N

E

S

O

U

T

H

M

O

O

R

L

A

N

E

SL

SL

MS .25

Level Crossing

MS .25

South Moor

South Moor

E

T

L

Pipe Line

S

C

D

D

e

f

Drain

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

i

n

D

ra

in

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

i

n

Rampart

A

i

r

e

a

n

d

C

a

l

d

e

r

N

a

v

i

g

a

t

i

o

n

K

n

o

t

t

i

n

g

l

e

y

a

n

d

G

o

o

l

e

C

a

n

a

l

Sluice

L Twr

L Twr

L Twr

Lagoon

B

o

l

l

a

r

d

s

L Twr

B

o

l

l

a

r

d

s

Slurry

L Twr

Tank

Capstan

Gantry

Capstan

T

r

a

c

k

C

O

M

M

O

N

L

A

N

E

Crossing

Level

L

e

v

e

l

C

r

o

s

s

i

n

g

South Moor

WB

WB

C

onveyor

C

o

n

ve

yo

r

C

onveyor

L Twr

WB

ET

L

9.7m

12.4m

TCB

Path

C

O

U

R

T

FO

U

N

D

R

Y

W

E

E

L

A

N

D

C

O

U

R

T

AVENUE

S

U

N

N

Y

B

A

N

K

LAMB INN

E

A

S

T

V

IE

W

RACCA

R

O

A

D

G

A

R

D

E

N

L

A

N

E

LA

NE

C

O

W

L

A

N

E

W

E

E

L

A

N

D

Playground

RACCA GREEN

Springfields

29

1

8

1

4

40

1

5

2

Club

3

6

8

24

2

The

House

Court

Tennants

1

2

W

o

o

d

a

lls

4

6

3

1

Westfield

8

5

1

7

5

4

Garage

3

8

1

7

9

2

9

0

Hall

7

1

7

5

3

1

2

Ropers Arms

1

1

9

1

9

3

4

3

2

42

14

1

to

8

B

u

ild

in

g

s

(Flats)

1

Works

Mews

Lock

Weeland

1

3

b

1

3

a

11

2

2

1

1

2

0

Bank Dole Junction

A

i

r

e

a

n

d

C

a

l

d

e

r

N

a

v

i

g

a

t

i

o

n

D

ra

in

Bank Dole Cut

D

ra

in

D

rain

D

r

a

in

Drain

K

n

o

t

t

i

n

g

l

e

y

a

n

d

G

o

o

l

e

C

a

n

a

l

11.8m

10.0m

10.3m

11.7m

12.0m

13.2m

9.9m

10.4m

10.3m

11.0m

10.1m

10.5m

11.7m

11.7m

Bollards

Bridge

Trundles Lane

Pipe Gantry

C

o

n

v

e

y

o

r

Shepherd's

C

onveyor

Chy

Bridge

Skew

Bollards

Chy

Tank

Bridge

L

A

M

B

IN

N

R

O

A

D

MARSH LANE

SPR

IN

G

FIELD

S

R

A

C

C

A

A

V

E

N

U

E

F

E

R

N

L

E

Y

G

R

E

E

N

R

O

A

D

MA

RS

H E

ND

TR

UN

DL

ES

L

AN

E

C

LO

S

E

H

A

R

K

E

R

S

T

R

E

E

T

F

E

R

N

L

E

Y

G

R

E

E

N

L

O

W

G

R

E

E

N

W

E

E

L

A

N

D

R

O

A

D

S

P

R

IN

G

F

IE

L

D

S

L

A

N

E

S

P

R

I

N

G

F

I

E

L

D

S

A

V

E

N

U

E

S

P

R

IN

G

F

IE

L

D

S

A

V

E

N

U

E

F

O

U

N

D

R

Y

C

O

M

M

O

N

L

A

N

E

MARSH LANE

Sub Sta

Slipway

El

GREEN

Fernley Green

F

e

r

n

l

e

y

G

r

e

e

n

FERNLEY

Sewage Works

Industrial Estate

I

n

d

u

s

t

r

i

a

l

E

s

t

a

t

e

Springfields

Garth

25

a

13

5

1

2

82

106

1

3

63

1

2

1

27

T

h

is

t

le

t

o

n

Bungalow

Works

G

r

e

e

n

C

o

u

r

t

F

e

r

n

le

y

Garage

2

4

5

2

1

6

7

2

5

1

2

Works

1

0

4

30

65

2

1

9

1

3

6

4

1

to

8

1

6

3

6

5

d

6

5

c

6

5

b

U

n

i

t

s

1

t

o

3 Business

Pk

Delta

1

59

1

5

b

1

6

5

3

2

5

1

1

3

3

7

108

Warehouse

Works

2

4

108

Harker House

32

Depot

15

1

Garage

Pumping

61

28

1

2

6

5

1

3

1

7

2

1

5

d

5

4

6

65a

61a

Bridgefield

1

8

1

5

Cottages

2

2

4

3

7

1

5

a

8

13

122

Garth

4

9

21

6

1

a

3

t

o

5

2

5

20

1

7

H

o

u

s

e

Warehouse

M

il

l

H

o

u

s

e

2

3

2

4

The Lamb Inn

1

C

ard

w

ell T

errace

Station

Depot

92

19

11a

8

1

7

12 to 20a

1

0

(PH)

1

4

2

0

25

1

5

c

S

u

n

n

y

B

a

n

k

9

Shelter

Thistleton Farm

PC

CR

Co C

onst &

M

et D

ist B

dy

Drain

River Aire

B

a

n

k

D

o

le

C

u

t

G

a

s

c

o

ig

n

e

H

ill

R

e

a

c

h

B

a

n

k

D

o

le

B

a

n

k

D

o

le

L

o

c

k

K

n

o

ttin

g

le

y

a

n

d

G

o

o

le

C

a

n

a

l

D

rain

D

ra

in

D

rain

D

ra

in

A

ire

a

n

d

C

a

ld

e

r N

a

v

ig

a

tio

n

10.5m

10.2m

10.2m

10.3m

9.6m

10.4m

10.0m

B

o

ll

a

r

d

s

Gantry

B

o

ll

a

r

d

B

o

lla

rd

s

Filter Beds

Bollard

Bollard

Bollards

Bollard

Bollards

Bollards

P

a

th

(u

m

)

P

a

t

h

(

u

m

)

P

a

t

h

(

u

m

)

WEELAND ROAD

S

T

O

C

K

IN

G

L

A

N

E

C

O

M

M

O

N

LA

N

E

Settling Bed

Settling Beds

Willow Garths

W

B

GV

C

WB

Warehouse

Works

House

Lock

Works

Chy

Chy

Chy

Shelter

Chy

Chy

Chy

Def

1.22m RH

BS

Co Const & Met Dist Bdy

D

ef

D

r

a

in

Drain

Drain

D

ra

in

Water

K

n

o

ttin

g

le

y

a

n

d

G

o

o

le

C

a

n

a

l

Pond

A

ire

a

n

d

C

a

ld

e

r N

a

v

ig

a

tio

n

Water

D

rain

D

ra

in

D

ra

in

10.1m

10.1m

Slurry

Lagoon

P

a

t

h

(

u

m

)

P

a

th

(

u

m

)

P

a

th

(

u

m

)

WEELAND ROAD

A 645

Willow Garths

Cattle

E

T

L

Grid

K

e

m

p

B

a

n

k

P

ip

e

L

in

e

s

Kellingley

Colliery

Farm

Calder

Calder

148

Grange

Grange

Pond

D

r

a

in

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

i

n

D

r

a

i

n

D

ra

in

12.4m

10.2m

11.6m

9.5m

10.1m

L Twr

L Twr

W

E

E

L

A

N

D

R

O

A

D

T

U

R

V

E

R

'

S

L

A

N

E

SL

SL

SL

Willow

Garths

Sub Sta

El

Kellingley

L

i

n

d

e

n

L

e

a

2

1

5

B

u

n

g

a

l

o

w

K

e

r

k

y

r

a

C

o

n

v

e

y

o

r

G

l

e

b

e

l

a

n

d

s

2

1

1

2

1

1

a

1

Brears Farm

4

b

T

h

e

Glebedale

2

0

3

2

1

3

T

h

e

B

u

n

g

a

l

o

w

7

Kevindale

13

9.4m

LB

M

O

W

B

R

A

Y

C

O

U

R

T

CO

W LA

NE

END

MARSH

El Sub Sta

51

26

4

6

16

28

19

7

5

10

1

0

0

t

o

1

1

4

2

2

1

PH

3

0

2

2

12

20

8

14

18

7

30

32

20

18a

Town's Drain9.6m

9.7m

Tank

TCB

Tank

M

A

R

S

H

E

N

D

Playing Fields

Sewage Works

1

6

3

1

1

4

4

2

a

2

1

1

a

Marsh Farm

42

1 to 15

Waterfront

1

Foundry

1

1

1

4

5

2

b

4

7

44

1

2

1

5

1

0

40

38

2

4

3

7

C

R

Pond

Outfall

B

a

n

k

D

o

l

e

8.4m

Sluice

P

i

p

e

L

i

n

e

s

S

T

O

C

K

IN

G

L

A

N

E

House

Pump

D

r

a

in

Pond

D

r

a

i

n

Pond

D

ra

in

7.4m

Willow Garths

K

e

m

p

B

a

n

k

Pylon

D

r

a

in

10.5m

Path (um)

Garths

Willow

K

e

m

p

B

a

n

k

Kellingley Farm

450500

451000

451500

452000

452500

424000

423500

423000

YZ1

YZ5

YZ4

YZ6

YZ8

YZ7

YZ8A

YZ9A

YZ9D

YZ9C

YZ9

YZ9E

YZ10

YZ17

C

A

R

L

E

T

O

N

F

A

U

L

T

S

T

U

B

B

S

L

A

N

E

F

A

U

L

T

S

K

N

O

T

T

I

N

G

L

E

Y

F

A

U

L

T

No 2

Upcast

No 1

Downcast

52m

11m

9

/

1

9

6

8

5

/

1

9

8

7

9

/

1

9

6

6

7

/

1

9

8

5

2

/1

9

8

3

8

/1

9

8

2

1

0

/

1

9

7

9

2

/

1

9

8

0

6

/

1

9

7

6

1

/

1

9

8

2

7

/

1

9

8

2

1

0

/

1

9

7

4

1

1

/

1

9

7

5

1

2

/

1

9

7

1

3

/

1

9

6

5

3

/

1

9

7

0

9

/

1

9

6

5

KELLINGLEY

COLLIERY

19.8m

3m

KEY

ESBI SITE BOUNDARY

NOTIONAL SUPPORT AREA FOR THE SITE (1.0 x DEPTH)

BEESTON WORKINGS

UKC FAULTING WITHIN BEESTON SEAM HORIZON

YZ9

Copyright Reservedc

DRAWN BY

DRAWING TITLE

DRG No. SCALE

CHECKED BY

DATE

APPROVED BY

CLIENT

PROJECT

(HEAD OFFICE)



WEST BROMWICH TEL 0121 580 0909

LONDON TEL 020 7287 2872 LIVERPOOL TEL 0151 494 5431

LEIGH TEL 01942 260101

(HEAD OFFICE)



WEST BROMWICH TEL 0121 580 0909 EDINBURGH TEL 0131 555 3311

LONDON TEL 020 7287 2872

LEIGH TEL 01942 260101

DCWCC

08/06/121:5000 @ A2SH10762-103

ESBI Knottingley

08/06/12 CC DCW DCW

30/10/13 JD CS CS

A

B

First Issue

Pillar of Support Amended

Beeston Seam Historic Mining

CS

PE

RM

IA

NT

RIA

SS

IC

ESBI SITE BOUNDARY

KELLINGLEY

COLLIERY

(C08/057-CCSL)

British Geological Survey.

© NERC. All rights reseved.

DO NOT SCALE FROM THIS DRAWING

Copyright Reservedc

DRG No.

DRAWN BY

SCALE

CHECKED BY

DATE

APPROVED BY

CLIENT

PROJECT

DRAWING TITLE

(Extract)

SH10762-104 1:50000 @ A4 08/06/12

CC DCW DCW

BGS Published Geology

ESBI Knottingley