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ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines Kardiolunch 20.09.2018 Thilo Burkard

ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

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Page 1: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines

Kardiolunch – 20.09.2018 – Thilo Burkard

Page 2: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001
Page 3: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Therapieziele - where we start……

Therapiezielwerte NICE

2011

ESH/ESC

2013

JNC8

2014

ASH/ISH

2014

Generelle Population

Alter 18 - 59 Jahre

Alter 60 - 79 Jahre

Alter ≥ 80 Jahre

<140/90 mmHg

<140/90 mmHg

<150/90 mmHg

<140/90 mmHg

140-150/90 mmHg

<140/90 mmHg*

140-150/90 mmHg

<140/90 mmHg

<150/90 mmHg

<150/90 mmHg

<140/90 mmHg

<140/90 mmHg

<150/90 mmHg

Chronische

Nierenerkrankungen

<140/90 mmHg <140/90 mmHg <140/90 mmHg <140/90 mmHg

Diabetes mellitus <140/90 mmHg <140/85 mmHg <140/90 mmHg <140/90 mmHg

*bei guter körperlicher und geistiger Verfassung

Page 4: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Womit behandeln– ESH 2013?

ASH/ISH und JNC8

Class III recommendation

Mancia et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertension 2013

Page 5: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Wie beginnen – ESH 2013?

Mancia et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertension 2013

Page 6: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Meanwhile….

Page 7: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Aktualisierte Blutdruckrichtlinien

DMW Oktober 2017

Hypertension November 2017

Page 8: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Keypoints:

1. Rund 50% der Patienten sind aktuell nicht im Zielbereich

Wichtigste Herausforderung das Ziel von <140/90 mmHg zu erreichen

2. Kardiovaskuläre Risikopatienten Ziel < 135/85 mmHg; Zielkorridor 125-134

3. Engeres Monitoring (Niere, Elektrolyte) bei tieferem Zielwert

4. Wo immer möglich «out-of-office» Messungen zur Therapiekontrolle und –

anpassung

5. Wenn Heim-BP Messungen, dann standardisiert! 1 x jährlich 24 h BD

Page 9: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Whelton PK et al. 2017 High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline

Page 10: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Neue Definition der Hypertonie ACC/AHA

Whelton PK et al. 2017 High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline

Page 11: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Paradigmenwechsel BD Monitoring

CAVE bei Heimmessungen:

Patienten sollten mindestens 1 Woche vor dem nächsten Arztbesuch

täglich 4 Messungen über 7 Tage zu Hause (2 morgens, 2 abends)

durchführen

Whelton PK et al. 2017 High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline

Page 12: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Therapiebeginn ACC/AHA

Page 13: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Therapiebeginn

Page 14: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Neue (und alte) Therapieziele

Therapiezielwerte NICE

2011

ESH/ESC

2013

DHL 2018 AHA 2018

Hohes

kardiovaskuläres

Risiko (Sekundärprävention oder

entsprechende

Risikostratifizierung)

<140/90 mmHg <140/90 mmHg <135/85 mmHg

ausser Stroke

<130/80 mmHg

Behandlung ab

>130/80 mmHg

Primärprävention < 140/90 mmHg <140/90 mmHg <140/90 mmHg

Alter ≥ 80 Jahre <150/90 mmHg (140-)150/90

mmHg*

<135/85 mmHg <130/80 mmHg

Chronische

Nierenerkrankungen

<140/90 mmHg <140/90 mmHg

Diabetes mellitus <140/90 mmHg <140/85 mmHg

*bei guter körperlicher und geistiger Verfassung

Page 15: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001
Page 16: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Das wichtigste zuerst:

Page 17: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Die wichtigsten Punkte:

Fokus auf «korrekte» Blutdruckmessung

Neue Therapieziel»bereiche»

Neuer Behandlungsalgorithmus

Invasive Behandlung

Page 18: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Blutdruckmessung…………

Page 19: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

BPM Procedure

Three BP measurements should

be recorded, 1-2 min apart, and

additional measurements only if the

first two readings differ by > 10

mmHg. BP is recorded as the

average of the last two BP

readings.

Use an average of ≥2 readings

obtained on ≥2 occasions to

estimate the individual’s level of BP.

Whelton PK et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018

Williams B et al. Eur Heart J 2018

Page 20: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Variante 3 «Reliability of Single OBPM»

Burkard T, Vischer AS et al. Heart 2018

Page 21: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Reliability – Variante 3

Burkard T, Vischer AS et al. Heart 2018

Page 25: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Screening and case detection

Patienten mit Endorganschäden

Patienten mit hohem CV Risiko

Patienten mit Schlafapnoe,

Chronische Niereninsuffizienz,

Diabetes, endokriner Hypertonie

Page 26: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Vergleichbarkeit der Messmethoden – AHA/ACC

Whelton PK et al. 2017 High Blood Pressure Clinical Practice Guideline

AOBP – automated OBP

Page 27: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001
Page 28: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Klassifikation – Behandlungsindikation - Zielwerte

Page 29: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Risikostratifizierung und TOD = HMOD(Target organ damage = Hypertension-mediated organ damage)

Page 30: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Klassifikation – Behandlungsindikation - Zielwerte

Page 31: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Klassifikation – Behandlungsindikation - Zielwerte

Neu: 2-stufiges Behandlungsziel und Blutdruckrange:

Generelles Blutdruckziel:

Je nach Alter, CoMorbiditäten, Risiko und Verträglichkeit dann spezifische

Ziele

Page 32: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Klassifikation – Behandlungsindikation - Zielwerte

Neu: 2-stufiges Behandlungsziel und Blutdruckrange:

Generelles Blutdruckziel:

Je nach Alter, CoMorbiditäten, Risiko und Verträglichkeit dann spezifische Ziele

OBP 115-120/70 ≈ 115-120/70 24 h-mean ABPM

OBP 130 mmHg ≈ 125 mmHg 24 h-mean ABPM

Page 33: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Cardiovascular benefit vs. adverse drug events & discontinuation

Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A, J Hypertension 2016

Page 34: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Finally, the incremental benefit of BP lowering on events

progressively decreased as the target BP was lowered.

Furthermore, an additional meta-analysis by the same group

found that permanent treatment discontinuation because of

treatment-related adverse effects was significantly higher in

those targeted to lower BP values.

Therefore, advocating more intensive BP-lowering targets for all

has to be viewed in the context of an increased risk of treatment

discontinuation due to adverse events, which might offset, in part

or completely, the limited incremental reduction in CV risk.

Williams et al. 2018 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertension 2018

Page 35: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Therapie-Algorithmus

Page 36: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Wie beginnen – ESH 2013?

Mancia et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertension 2013

Amlodipin 5

Indapamid 1.5Ramipril 5Valsartan 80

Valsartan 160

Valsartan/Amlodipin 160/10Valsartan/HCT 160/25

Valsartan/Amlodipin HCT 160/10/25

Lercanidipin 5Bisoprolol 2.5

Page 37: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Therapie-Algorithmus – Generell

Page 38: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Therapie-Algorithmus – KHK

Page 39: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Device Therapie – Renale Denervation

Page 40: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Changes in 24h BP in Radiance SOLO, SPYRAL HTN OFF und SPYRAL ON

-10

-9

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

RDN SHAM

SOLO

2 Monate

sTagesmittel

N=74 N=72

OFF Med

3 Monate

s24 h Mittel

N=35 N=36

ON Med

6 Monate

s24 h Mittel

N=36 N=36

∆ 6.3 mmHg

P<0.001

∆ 5.0 mmHg

P=0.04

∆ 7.4 mmHg

P=0.0051

Page 41: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Zusammenfassung

Fokus auf out-of-office Blutdruckmessung und korrekte Office-

Blutdruckmessungen

Neue Blutdruckzielbereiche

Vereinfacht:

a) 140/90 mmHg für alle

b) diastolisches Ziel < 80 mmHg

c) bei Patienten <65 Jahren und in Abhängigkeit von Co-Morbiditäten,

kardiovaskulärem Risiko und Verträglichkeit 120-130/70-80 mmHg

Single-Pill Strategie mit einer Kombinationsbehandlung als Regel und

Monotherapie als Ausnahme; eine 4fach Kombination mit RAAS-Inhibitor, Ca

Antagonist, Thiazid(like) und Aldactone lässt sich mit 2 Tabletten umsetzen

Page 42: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Vielen Dank für die Aufmerksamkeit

[email protected]

Page 43: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Additional Slides

Page 44: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Therapie bei Hypertonie und KHK

Page 45: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

OBPM in Guidelines

Guideline Recommended method of BP measurement

American College of Cardiology/American Heart

Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines

2017 [1]

Use an average of ≥2 readings obtained on ≥2 occasions to estimate the individual’s

level of BP.

Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP) 2016

[2]

"(...) at least 2 more readings should be taken during the same visit. If using a non-

AOBP measurement, the first reading should be discarded and the latter readings

averaged."

European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention &

Rehabilitation (EACPR) 2016 [3]

"If feasible, automated recording of multiple BP readings in the office, with the patient

seated in an isolated room, might be considered as a means of improving

reproducibility and matching office BP values closer to those provided by daytime

ambulatory BP monitoring or home BP measurements." No recommendation on

number of non-automated office BP measurements.

Swiss Society of Hypertension (SSH) 2015 [4] At least two measurements, more in case of arrhythmias.

Eight Joint National Committee (JNC8) 2014 [5] No recommendation on number of measurements.

American Society of Hypertension/International Society of

Hypertension (ASH/ISH) 2014 [6]

"It is preferable to take 2 readings, 1 to 2 minutes apart, and use the average of these

measurements"

European Society of Hypertension/European Society of

Cardiology (ESH/ESC) practice guidelines 2013 [7]

"To take at least two BP measurements in the sitting position, spaced 1-2 min apart,

and additional measurements if the first two are quite different. Consider the average

BP if deemed appropriate."

National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)

2011 [8]

No recommendation on number of measurements.

NICE 2011 short version [9] "If blood pressure measured in the clinic is 140/90 mmHg or higher: Take second

measurement during the consultation. If the second measurement is substantially

different, take a third measurement. Record the lower of the 2 last measurements as

the clinic blood pressure."

Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7)

2003 [10]

"At least two measurements should be taken and the average recorded."

Burkard T et al Vischer AS. Heart 2018

Page 46: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

OBPM in Studien

Study Blood pressure measurement method

Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) 2015 [15] A mean of 3 BP measurements at an office visit while the patient was

seated and after 5 minutes of quiet rest.

Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol and doxazosin (PATHWAY-

2) 2015 [16,17]

Three measurements recorded 1 min apart, after 5 min rest and seated,

and the average of the last 2 measurements recorded.

Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial

2010 [18]

3 BP measurements, average of all 3 measurements.

African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension Trial

(AASK) 2010 [19,20]

Three consecutive seated measurements after at least 5 min rest with the

mean of the last 2 readings recorded.

Benazepril plus Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension

in High risk Patients (ACCOMPLISH) trial, 2008 [21]

Average of three readings taken at 2-minute intervals after the patient had

remained in a seated position for 5 minutes.

The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart

Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22]

Average of 2 seated BP measurements.

Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001 [11] Method not clearly stated, probably one measurement per visit.

United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group (UKPDS),

1998/1999 [23,24]

Mean of three BP measurements taken at consecutive clinic visits.

Hypertension Optimization Treatment Study (HOT), 1998 [25] BP measured 3 times after 5 min rest. However, no definition of which of

those measurements was used.

Systolic Hypertension in Europe (SYST-EUR) 1997 [26] Average of six sitting and six standing measurements – two in each position

at three baseline visits, 1 month apart.

Clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure

(DASH) 1997 [27]

The mean of 6 measurements made during 3 visits.

Follow up: 2 measurements (probably also mean but not clearly stated).

Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group (MDRD) 1991 [28] Mean of the last 2 out of 3 measurements after 5 min rest.

Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP), 1991 [29] Average of 4 measurements, 2 at each visit.

Hypertension, Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) study, 1979

[30,31]

Mean of the second and the fourth diastolic BP value measured.

Veterans Administration (VA) Cooperative Studies 1967, 1970, 1972

[12–14]

Average of diastolic BP measured at the last 2 pre-randomization clinic

visits (probably only 1 measurement).

Burkard T et al Vischer AS. Heart 2018

Page 47: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Blutdruck und Risiko für KHK-Mortalität

Lewington et al., Lancet, 2002

Page 48: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Hochnormaler Blutdruck und Risiko für KHK

Vasan et al., NEJM, 2001

(130-139)

(121-129)

(< 120)

mmHg

CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE OF CV EVENTS IN MEN WITHOUT HYPERTENSION

ACCORDING TO BASELINE BLOOD PRESSURE

Page 49: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Prognostische Relevanz verschiedener Messtechniken

• Dublin outcome study – n=5292 mit OBPM und ABPM bei Diagnosestellung

• Mean-follow-up 8.4 Jahre

Dolan E et al, Hypertension 2005

Page 50: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

The lower – the better vs. J-curve

Sim JJ et al. JACC 2014

Outcome Daten von 398’419 behandelten Hypertonikern, mean FU 4 Jahre

«Best outcome»: 137/71 mmHg für Nicht- Diabetiker < 70 Jahre

131/69 mmHg für Diabetiker

140/70 mmHg für Patienten ≥ 70 Jahre

Page 51: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Herr Meier

61 Jahre, beschwerdefrei, gesunder Lebensstil,

regelmässig Sport, BMI 24 kg/m2

Dyslipidämie, Kein Diabetes, Nichtraucher

Praxis-Blutdruck 144/92 mmHg

24h: Mittel 133/83 mmHg (Norm < 130/80 mmHg)

Kein Endorganschaden

Page 52: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001
Page 53: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Behandeln ja/nein? Zielwert?

Keine Behandlung, nur mild erhöht

Behandlung, Ziel < 140/90 mmHg

Behandlung, Ziel < 130/80 mmHg

Behandlung, Ziel < 120/80 mmHg

Page 54: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Guidelines:

JNC 8 Guidelines

Ziel < 150/90

Quelle: www.d-maps.com

ESC Guidelines

Ziel < 140-150/90

<140/90 bei guter Verfassung

NICE und SHG Guidelines

Ziel < 140/90

Page 55: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

http://www.welt.de/gesundheit/article149022658/Beim-Blutdruck-ist-120-das-neue-140.html

Page 56: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

9361 Patienten – randomisiert zu Blutdruckziel < 120 mmHg vs. < 140 mmHg

Einschlusskriterien: >50 Jahre, RR > 130 mmHg syst. und hohes cvRisiko

Ausschlusskriterien: Stroke, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2

Median Follow-up 3.26 Jahre (vorzeitiger Abbruch)

Wright TJ jr et al, NEJM 2015

Page 57: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Baseline 140 ± 16 mmHg

Outcome

121 mmHg

136 mmHg

Wright TJ jr et al, NEJM 2015

Page 58: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Baseline 140 ± 16 mmHg

Outcome

121 mmHg

136 mmHg

Wright TJ jr et al, NEJM 2015

NNT – 61

(Myocardial infarction, ACS, Stroke, Heart failure, death from cardiovascular cause)

ABER:

2.2% mehr schwere Nebenwirkungen

am häufigsten Hypotonie und renale Komplikationen

Patienten > 75 Jahre signifikant mehr Stürze

Page 59: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Wir können enthusiastisch sagen, das ein BP Ziel von ≤120

mmHg, erreicht mit ca. 3 Medikamenten pro Tag über

mindestens 3 Jahre das Herz-Kreislauf-Risiko um rund

25% senkt, während unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen nur

von 2.5% auf 4.7% ansteigen

Messerli FH, Bangalore S, Am J Med 2016

Page 60: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Wir können finster dreinblicken und warnen, das ein BP

Ziel von ≤120 mmHg, erreicht mit ca. 3 Medikamenten pro

Tag über mindestens 3 Jahre, Herz-Kreislaufereignisse von

7 pro 100 Patienten auf 5 pro 100 reduziert, aber das

Risiko für Hypotonien, Synkopen, Elektrolystörungen und

akuten Niereninsuffizienzen um 88% erhöht wird.

Messerli FH, Bangalore S, Am J Med 2016

Page 61: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

SPRINT im Alltag……………………..

Page 62: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001
Page 63: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

«Im Dezember liess ich eine lebende Stute auf den Rücken legen

und festbinden….….Nachdem ich die linke Kruralarterie ca. 3 Zoll

vom Bauch entfernt freigelegt und geöffnet hatte, führte ich ein

Metallrohr in dieselbe ein, das ungefähr 1/6 Inch (4.17 mm)

Durchmesser hatte, an dem ich mit Hilfe eines genau passenden

zweiten Metallrohrs ein Glasrohr von ungefähr demselben

Durchmesser aber 9 Fuss (270 cm) Länge befestigte.

Sobald ich die Ligatur in der Arterie löste, stieg das Blut im Glasrohr

8 Fuss, 3 Inches (ca. 240 cm) hoch» Stephen Hales 1733

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Page 66: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

The great myth of office bloodpressure measurement

Manual office BP in routine

clinical practive provides an

accurate measure of a

patient’s BP status

Myers MG, J Hypertens 2012;30:1894-1898

Page 67: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Praxis Blutdruck….?

Step 1

30 Hausärzte – je 10 Probanden -> Praxisblutdruckmessung wie immer

vs.

2 Studienärzte -> Blutdruckmessung gemäss den Guidelines

Sebo et al, J Hypertension 2013

Page 68: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Wright TJ jr et al, NEJM 2015, Myers MG, J Clin Hypertension 2016

Beckett L, BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2005

SPRINT

«Automated office blood pressure»

REAL-LIFE

«Routine office blood pressure»

Page 69: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Routine office BP

mean (mmHg)

n=481

Automated office BP

mean (mmHg)

n=481

24 h BD Mittelwert Tag

mean (mmHg)

n=481

151/83 mmHg 140/80 mmHg 142/80 mmHg

Wright TJ jr et al, NEJM 2015, Myers MG, J Clin Hypertension 2016

Beckett L, BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2005

Page 70: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Pro/Contra schärfere Blutdruckziele im Alltag……………………..

Page 71: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Schärfere Blutdruckziele – Metaanalyse 2016

10 mmHg Blutdrucksenkung ≈ 20% relative Risikoreduktion

Effekt nachweisbar bis systolischer Blutdruck < 130 mmHg

Ettehad D et. al. Lancet 2016

Page 72: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Cardiovascular benefit vs. adverse drug events & discontinuation

Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A, J Hypertension 2016

Page 73: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

When a physician in front of a hypertensive patient asks

him/herself, not whether to lower BP or not (the answer is

always yes), but how much and how far, the doctor should know

these questions have no fixed answer, good for all patients.

A further decrease in BP or attainment of a lower BP target can

promise further reduction in cardio-vascular outcomes (benefit

that the physician cannot measure in the individual patient), but

can also produce adverse effects and these may lead to

treatment discontinuation with loss of the potential benefits of

the previous treatment.

Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A, J Hypertension 2016

Page 74: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Implikationen für die Praxis bei «hohem» kardiovaskulärem Risiko

Primäres Blutdruckziel bleibt < 140/90 mmHg

Schärfere Einstellung individuell in Abhängigkeit von:

Bisherigem Vertragen der Medikation

Patientenpräferenz - Persönlichkeit des Patienten /

Adherence

Möglichkeiten Follow-up und Therapiemonitoring

Blutdruckziel in Abhängigkeit der verwendeten Messmethode

Korrekte Messungen vorausgesetzt!!

Page 75: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

«Schärfere» Blutdruckziele bei hohem cv Risiko

Routine office BP

(3 Messungen!, Ruhe)

Automated office BP 24 h BD Tages

Mittelwert

Syst. 130 mmHg Syst. 120 mmHg Syst. 120 mmHg

Page 76: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Herr Meier

61 Jahre, beschwerdefrei, gesunder Lebensstil,

regelmässig Sport

Dyslipidämie, Kein Diabetes, Nichtraucher

Praxis-Blutdruck 144/92 mmHg

24h: Mittel 133/83 mmHg (Norm < 130/80 mmHg)

Kein Endorganschaden

AGLA Risiko: 11.6% («mittleres Risiko»)

Page 77: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

12705 Patienten – randomisiert zu Pacebo vs. Candesartan/HCT 16/12.5;

Primärpräventionsstudie, keine vorgegebenen Zielwerte

Einschlusskriterien: Männer > 55 Jahre, Frauen > 65 Jahre, mittleres kardiovaskuläres

Risiko

Medianer Follow-up 5.6 Jahre

Lonn EM, NEJM 2016

Blutdrucksenkung bei mittlerem kardiovaskulärem Risiko

HOPE- 3

Page 78: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Baseline 138 ± 14 mmHg

128 mmHg

134 mmHg

Subanalysen:

Trend zu weniger Schlaganfällen

Benefit bei Patienten mit Blutdruck > 143.5 mmHg

Page 79: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Herr Meier

61 Jahre, beschwerdefrei, gesunder Lebensstil,

regelmässig Sport

Dyslipidämie, Kein Diabetes, Nichtraucher

Praxis-Blutdruck 144/92 mmHg

24h: Mittel 133/83 mmHg (Norm < 130/80 mmHg)

Kein Endorganschaden

AGLA Risiko: 11.6% («mittleres Risiko»)

Behandlung ja

Ziel OBPM < 140/90

24 h Blutdruck bzw. Heimblutdruckmessungen im Normbereich

Page 80: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Herr Meier

66 Jahre, AP CCS I, bekannte Hypertonie

Koronare 3 Asterkrankung, St.n. AKB vor 8 Jahren

Normale LV Funktion

Praxis-Blutdruck 148/57 mmHg

24h: Mittel 136/54 mmHg (Norm < 130/80 mmHg)

Therapie: Perindopril/Amlodipin/Indapamid +

Bisoprolol

Page 81: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

On treatment diastolic blood pressure –Syst-Eur-Trial

Fagard RH et al. Arch Intern Med 2007

Cardiovascular events

Page 82: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Herr Meier

66 Jahre, AP CCS I, bekannte Hypertonie

Koronare 3 Asterkrankung, St.n. AKB vor 8 Jahren

Normale LV Funktion

Praxis-Blutdruck 148/57 mmHg

24h: Mittel 136/54 mmHg (Norm < 130/80 mmHg)

Therapie: Perindopril/Amlodipin/Indapamid +

Bisoprolol

Ziel OBPM < 140/90

CAVE wenn diastolisch < 60 mmHg

Page 83: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Therapie-Zielwerte?!?

Klinische Situation Empfehlungen

Mann 61j, «gesund», raucht, Dyslipidämie,

BD 152/89 mmHg, hohes cv Risiko

• ESH < 140/90 mmHg

• JNC 8 < 150/90 mmHg

• Deutsche Hypertonie Gesellschaft <130 mmHg?

• < 120 mmHg im 24h Tagesmittel oder AOBP?

Frau 86 J, zu Hause, 2 x Spitex, St.n.

Myokardinfarkt, BD 163/71 mmHg

• 140-150/90 mmHg

Mann 74, Pflegeheim, COPD, keine KHK,

mittelschwere Demenz, schwere Osteoporose,

BD 160/73 mmHg

• Blutdruckbehandlung gemäss Einschätzung des

behandelnden Arztes, basierend auf den

klinischen Behandlungseffekten

W 58, Diabetes, Mikroalbuminurie, BD 139/88

mmHg

• <140/85 mmHg

M, 79 Jahre, KHK, BD unter Medikation 138/72

mmHg.

• 60-79 Jahre <140/90 mmHg

• Ab 80 Jahre <150/90 mmHg ABER fortführen,

wenn sie gut vertragen werden

Zielwert?

Zielwert?

Zielwert?

Zielwert?

Wie weiter?

Page 84: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

HYVET – very elderly

Beckett et al, NEJM 2008

Indapamid 1.5 mg +/-

Perindopril 2 or 4 mg

Inclusion criteria:

Age > 80y

BP >160 mmHg

Target < 150/80 mmHg

Page 85: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Therapie-Zielwerte?!?

Klinische Situation Empfehlungen

Mann 61j, «gesund», raucht, Dyslipidämie,

BD 152/89 mmHg, hohes cv Risiko

• ESH < 140/90 mmHg

• JNC 8 < 150/90 mmHg

• Deutsche Hypertonie Gesellschaft <130 mmHg?

• < 120 mmHg im 24h Tagesmittel?

Frau 86 J, zu Hause, 2 x Spitex, St.n.

Myokardinfarkt, BD 163/71 mmHg

• 140-150/90 mmHg

Mann 74, Pflegeheim, COPD, keine KHK,

mittelschwere Demenz, schwere Osteoporose,

BD 160/73 mmHg

• Blutdruckbehandlung gemäss Einschätzung des

behandelnden Arztes, basierend auf den

klinischen Behandlungseffekten

W 58, Diabetes, Mikroalbuminurie, BD 137/82

mmHg

• <140/85 mmHg

M, 79 Jahre, KHK, BD unter Medikation 138/72

mmHg.

• 60-79 Jahre <140/90 mmHg

• Ab 80 Jahre <150/90 mmHg ABER fortführen,

wenn sie gut vertragen werden

Zielwert?

Zielwert?

Zielwert?

Wie weiter?

Page 86: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Kategorie Systolic BP

(mmHg)

Diastolic BP

(mmHg)

Office BP ≥140 ≥90

Automated OBP ≥135 ≥85

24-h Blutdruckmessung

Tag (oder wach) ≥135 ≥85

Nacht (oder Schlaf) ≥120 ≥70

24-h Gesamtdurchschnitt ≥130 ≥80

Heim-Blutdruckmessung ≥135 ≥85

Definition der Hypertonie gemäss Office und ambulanten Blutdruckwerten

Page 87: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Vielen Dank für die Aufmerksamkeit

[email protected]

Page 88: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Häufige Fehler bei der Blutdruckmessung und deren Einfluss

Abweichung vom Standard Abweichung in mmHg

Einmalige Messung mean + 8 mmHg

Arm nicht in Herzhöhe gelagert ca. 1.6 mmHg pro cm Abweichung

Konversation während Messung Bis zu 20% Anstieg systolisch/diastolisch

Liegend, halbliegend ca. 8 mmHg systolisch

Falsche Manschettengrösse Blutdruck wird überschätzt (10-50 mmHg)

Beine gekreuzt mean + 2-8 mmHg systolisch

Holland M and Lewis PS. J Hypertension 2014, Pickering TG, Circulation 2005

Page 89: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Behandlungsalgorithmen Appendix

Page 90: ESC/ESH 2018 Hypertonie Guidelines · 2018. 9. 28. · Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 2002 [22] Average of 2 seated BP measurements. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcome Trial (ASCOT) 2001

Outcome

NNT – primärer Endpunkt: 61 NNT – Tod (any cause): 90

Wright TJ jr et al, NEJM 2015