ESI Statistical Bulletin 2018 · 2020-07-28 · ESI Statistical Bulletin 2018 Rural Electrification in Namibia 5 The investments requirements to achieve the United Nations’ universal

ESI Statistical Bulletin 2018Rural Electrification in Namibia“ ”

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Rural Electrification in Namibia 1

Copyright © Electricity Control Board (ECB), 2019

All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted, save with written permission. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

Title: ECBPublicationonElectricitySupplyIndustryStatisticalBulletinRuralElectrificationinNamibia2018

Author: Electricity Control Board (ECB)

Publisher: Electricity Control Board (ECB), P. O. Box 2923, Windhoek, Namibia

Year: 2019

ISSN: 2026-8033

Citation: ElectricityControlBoard,2018.Electricity Supply Industry Statistical Bulletin Rural Electrification in Namibia 2018. Electricity Control Board, Windhoek.

Rural Electrification in Namibia2

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VisionTo be a leading regulator for achieving optimum viability and competition in the Namibian energy

industry, whilst upholding the principle of fairness, integrity and transparency.

MissionTo exercise control over and regulate the Namibian energy industry in a sustainable manner, in the

interest of all stakeholders with regards to price, quality, reliability, viability and safety.

ValuesProfessionalism

To conduct every task to a standard of excellence and maintain the highest level of competence and personalintegrity/efficiencysoastoensurethesatisfactionofallstakeholders;

IntegrityTobeatransparent,open,honestandfairinalldealingsandcommunicationwithstakeholders;

AccountabilityTo be accountable and act in accordance with government policy and accept full responsibility for

decisionsandactions;

InnovationTo innovate through continuance learning, knowledge sharing and team work while delivering

excellentservice;

SustainabilityTo ensure the endowment of Namibia’s energy resources are available to present and future

generations by considering our economic, environmental and social responsibility.

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ContentsForeword ........................................................................................................................................................................................5

Editor’sRemarksonRuralElectrificationinNamibia ...................................................................................................................6

Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................................................................8

Conversion Factors .........................................................................................................................................................................9

Terminologies ..............................................................................................................................................................................10

1 AGGREGATED ECONOMIC INDICATORS .................................................................................................................................12

2 SUMMARY STATISTICS FOR ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION SECTOR ...........................................................................................16

2.1 Customer numbers ..............................................................................................................................................16

2.2 ElectricityConsumptionProfiles ..........................................................................................................................19

2.3 Average Annual Consumption per Individual Customer for the different Customer Categories .....................21

2.4 ElectricityTariffsandRevenueProfiles ...............................................................................................................23

3 National Electricity Supply .................................................................................................................................................32

4 Appendix .............................................................................................................................................................................35

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The investments requirements to achieve the United Nations’ universal electricity access goal by 2030 are estimated at 640 billion US Dollars. The assumption underlying this goal is that electrification contributes to poverty alleviation in manyregards. It has long been claimed that rural electrificationgreatly improves the quality of life. Lighting alone brings benefitssuchasincreasedstudytimeandanimprovedstudyenvironment for school children, extended hours for small businesses and greater security. This year’s ESI Statistical Bulletin is themed Rural electrification in Namibia. The publication comes at a time when the World Bank and the

International Energy Agency (IEA) published their Sustainable Energy for All Global Tracking Framework report indicating that globally, electrification rate is at 85.3%. The developedcountriesvariedaround90%,whileinAfrica,especiallyinSub-Saharan Africa by far the most severely challenged, has an accessrateofonly37%.

The Electricity Control Board (ECB) conducted a study and determined that in Namibia electricity access rate is 45%,whileurbanandruralelectrificationratesareat66%and11%respectively.Thesestatisticsshowsthatruralelectrificationlagsbehind and there is a need for all stakeholders involved in the provision of electricity to be more committed to ensure that more Namibians, especially the more vulnerable members of the society have access to electricity.

This is the seventh Issue of the publication. This Statistical Publication is published annually, and is based on data collected by the ECB. The databases are annually updated and validated the following year to ensure the reliability of the publication. The main data sources are the Regional Electricity Distributors (REDs), Local Authorities (LAs), NamPower, Namibia Statistics Agency, Bank of Namibia as well as other external sources. In compiling data for this publication, the Regulator strictly adherestothehighestprinciplesofconfidentialitywithregardto stakeholder information.

We trust that you will find this publication useful. I wouldlike to invite you, the user of this publication, to send us your comments and suggestions on relevance of the type and scope of data, format, and presentation of the bulletin. Your feedback and suggestions will make it even more relevant to your information needs.

Foibe NameneChief Executive Officer

Foreword“It has long been claimed that rural electrification greatly improves the quality of life. Lighting alone brings benefits such as increased study time and an improved study environment for school children, extended hours for small businesses and greater security.”


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Universal access to electricity is one of the most important goals set for the energy sector by governments in both the developed and developing countries. Access to electricity remains an engine for social development and economicgrowth.Thereisampleevidencethataccesstoreliable,efficient,affordable and safe electricity can directly improve productivity, income and health, and can enhance gender equality, education and access to other infrastructure services. Namibia is characterized by low population densities and sparsely distributed household settlements, particularly in rural areas. This makes ensuring an adequate supply of electricity to these rural areas a significantchallenge.

Itisalsoimportanttonotethat,electrificationprojectsinremoteandruralareas are by their very nature expensive and the populations they serve almost exclusively poor to stimulate meaningful consumption. This makes it imperative for the country to devise innovative ways of ensuring electricity access.

Forthepurposeofthisreport,RuralElectrificationisdefinedasproviding a point of connection to electricity to household either through the grid, off-grid or a diesel generator used for lighting, cooking etc. in the

rural or peri-urban areas.RuralelectrificationisanintegralpartoftheGovernment’seconomicdevelopmentpolicyundertheHarambeeProsperityPlan(HPP)of2016/17-2019/20,goal11whichaimstoincreasetheruralelectrificationratefrom34%in2015to50%by2020.ItisalsoinfulfilmentofUnitedNations(UN)SustainableDevelopmentGoal7(SDG7)thataimsto“ensureaccess to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all,” by 2030. Namibia is a signatory to the SDGs, which were adoptedinSeptember2015,andasacountryhascommittedtofulfillingthetargetsoftheSDGswithinitsbordersandassistingthe global community as a whole. This initiative has cascaded further to government ministries and agencies to develop strategies toimplementHPPgoalsforruralelectrification.

TheMinistryofMinesandEnergyisthecustodianoftheruralelectrificationinitiativesinthecountry.

TheElectricityControlBoard(ECB)isanotherimportantroleplayerintheruralelectrificationinitiatives.Thecoremandateofthe ECB is to exercise control over the electricity supply industry with the main responsibility of regulating electricity generation, transmission, distribution, supply, import and export in Namibia through setting tariffs and issuance of licenses and associated license conditions.

National, Urban and Rural Electrification rates in Namibia in 2017

2017 National Electrification Rate 45%

UrbanElectrificationRate 66%

RuralElectrificationRate 19%

Source: Electricity Control Board Database 2018.

Thetableaboveshowsthatoutofthe45%totalhouseholdselectrifiedinNamibia,66%householdsareelectrifiedintheurbanareaswhileonly19%householdsareelectrifiedinruralareas.Thesestatisticsshowsthat81%oftheNamibianruralhouseholdsareyettobeelectrified.

Editor’s Remarks on Rural Electrification in Namibia

“There is ample evidence that access to reliable, efficient, affordable and safe electricity can directly improve productivity, income and health, and can enhance gender equality, education and access to other infrastructure services.”

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Electricity Distributor Licensees Rural Electrification Rates

2017 Rural Electrification Rate (%)70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Elec

trifi

catio

n Ra

te

NORED CENORED OPEERONGO RED CoW

Distributors

11%

27%

45%

58%

62%

27%

FromtheECBregulatedentitiesinthefigureabove,showstheselectedfivedistributorswiththeirruralelectrificationrates.ThelowestruralelectrificationrateisintheNOREDdistributionareawith11%whilethehighestisfoundintheCityofWindhoekwitha62%ruralelectrificationrate.

ImprovingruralelectrificationinNamibiarequiresallstakeholders involvedintheESItoworktogetherfromtheGovernment(Ministry of Mines and Energy) as policy maker and Funder of these initiatives, ECB as a regulator through licensing and enforcing of the license conditions to be adhere to by the industry players, as well as through setting of tariffs that are inclusive of expanding ruralelectrificationsprojectstotheIndustryplayers,suchasthedistributorswhoaredirectlyinvolvedwiththeruralcommunitiestobemoreinnovativetocreatefundingportfoliosandmechanismstoensurethatthefundsareusedfortheruralelectrificationinitiatives.

Please note that an electronic copy of this publication is also available on our website: www.ecb.org.na

For the purpose of improved quality of this publication, user feedback and suggestions are most welcome and should be forwarded to our Statistician Mr Moyo Mathias at [email protected]

Mathias Moyo

Statistician


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BoN Bank of Namibia

CENORED Central Northern Regional Electricity Distribution Company (Pty) Ltd

Central Namibia KhomasandOmahekeRegions,includingCityofWindhoekandOkahandjaMunicipality

CoW City of Windhoek

ECB Electricity Control Board

ERONGO RED Erongo Regional Electricity Distribution Company (Pty) Ltd

ESI Electricity Supply Industry

IPP Independent Power Producer

LAs Local Authorities

LPU Large power user

NamPower DX NamPower Distribution (in Central and Southern Namibia)

NORED Northern Regional Electricity Distribution Company (Pty) Ltd

NP NamPower

NSA Namibia Statistics Agency

OPE Oshakati Premier Electric (Pty) Ltd

REDs Regional Electricity Distributers

Southern Namibia Hardap and //Karas Regions

Acronyms

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Conversion Factors1 000 W = 1 kW

1 000 kW = 1 MW

1 000 MW = 1 GW

1 000 kWh = 1 MWh

1 000 MWh = 1 GWh


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Domestic Means household connections with a single/three phase conventional credit meters, prepaid single/three phase meters

Commercial Means business and light industry connections with a single/three phase conventional credit meters, prepaid single/three phase meters

Large Power Users Means industrial connections with demand meters

Consumer Means an end user of electricity who consumes such electricity

Customer Means a person to whom electricity is delivered by a licensee and includes a consumer

Price/Tariff Means the amount of money expected, required or given in payment for electricity

Average Monthly Bill Means a bill for money owed for electricity used per month

Revenue Means a return or yield made by a company for electricity sales

Electricity Demand Means the amount of electricity that consumer will want to purchase at a given price

Electricity Access Means a household that has access to at least one type of electricity service, as well as clean cooking facilities

Generation Capacity Meansisthemaximumelectricityoutputageneratorcanproduceunderspecificconditions

Licence Meansanofficialdocumentobtained/issuedtoauthorizetogenerate/trade/transmit/supply / distribute / import / export electricity

Licensee Means the holder of a licence

Terminologies


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1. Aggregated Economic IndicatorsFigure 1: Gross Domestic Product at current prices

Gross Domestic Products

120 000

100 000

80 000

60 000

40 000

20 000

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

GD

P (N

$ M

illio

n)

Year

Source: NSA National Accounts 2018

AccordingtoNamibiaStatisticsAgency,thedomesticeconomygrowthfor2018remainsweak,registeringamarginalcontractionin real value added of 0.1 percent compared to a negative performance of 0.9 percent recorded in 2017. The contraction results from weak performance in secondary and tertiary industries that recorded declines of 3.4 percent and 2.4 percent in real value added, respectively.

Figure 2: GDP Growth Rate

GDP Growth Rate8.0%

7.0%

6.0%

5.0%

4.0%

3.0%

2.0%

1.0%

0.0%

-1.0%

-2.0%

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Percentage

Year

7.1%

5.1%

2.6%

0.3%

6.0%

5.1% 5.1%5.6%

6.4% 6.1%

0.7%

-0.9%

-0.1%


Figure 2aboveshowsthattherewasacontractioninthe2018GDPgrowthrateof0.1percent(-0.1%).Thebiggestcontributorto the contraction was the secondary and tertiary industries of which in the secondary industry recorded a decline in real value added of 3.4 percent and in tertiary industry with a decline of 2.4 percent. However, strong performance has been observed in the primary industry recording a growth of 12.9 percent in real added value due to an increase in mining activities.

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Figure 3: Electricity and Water Sector Contribution to GDP

Contribution of Electricity and Water to GDP %3.5%

3.0%

2.5%

2.0%

1.5%

1.0%

0.5%

0.0%

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Percentage

Year

1.9%

2.4%

2.0% 2.0%1.9% 2.0% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9%

1.5%

2.3%

2.5%

2.9%


The utility sector (Electricity and Water) performed relatively well, registering a growth rate of 7.5 percent in real value added in2018tobringitto2.9percentoverallcontributiontotheGDPfroma2.5percentregistredin2017.Growthinthesectorispredominantlydrivenbybothsubsectors;electricityandwaterthatrecoveredthusregisteringpositivegrowths.Theelectricitysubsector recordedagrowthof6.9percent in2018asopposedtoacontractionof1.2percent recorded in thepeviousyear.This recovery is underpinned by a slight decline in imports of electricity, coupled with an accelerated growth in new generation particularly in the renewable energy sub-sector and a slight increase in exports of electricity.

Figure 4: GDP per Capita

GDP per Capita60 000

50 000

40 000

30 000

20 000

10 000

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

GD

P (N

$ M

illio

n)

Year


The GDP per Capita measures a country’s standard of living by using a country’s economic output against its number of citizens. NamibiaisdoingverywellintermsofitsGDPperCapitaduetohersmallpopulationsizeresultinginNamibiabeingclassifiedasan upper-middle income country. Over the years from 2006, Namibia’s GDP per capita have been growing steadily, however, there wasaslowgrowthinNamibia’sGDPperCapitafor2017and2018duetotheeconomiccontraction.


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Figure 5: Consumer Price Index (Inflation)

Inflation

10%

9%

8%

7%

6%

5%

4%

3%

2%

1%

0%

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Percentage(%

)

Year

5.1%

6.7%

9.1%9.5%

4.9% 5.0%

6.7%

5.6%5.4%

3.4%

6.7%

6.1%

4.3%


Theperiodbetween2006and2018haswitnessedtheinflationhoveringbetween9.5percentand3.4percent(Figure 5). The year2009witnessedthehighestinflationof9.5percentwhile2015sawthelowestinflationof3.4percent.

Theaverageinflationfor2018was4.3percentcomparedtotheaverageof6.1percentrecordedin2017.Themaincontributortothelowerinflationratewerethecategoriesoffoodandalcoholicbeverageswith3.2percent,clothingandfootwear-3.7percent,housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels with 3.5 percent, communications 0.1 percent, hotels, cafes and restaurants with 3.8percentandmiscellaneousgoodsandserviceswith3.5percent.


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2.1 Customer numbers

In Namibia, electricity users are divided into three main categories namely domestic (residential), commercial and large power users (industrial). Tariffs in the country are also divided into these categories, making it possible for comparisons. For the purpose ofthispublication,customernumbersaredefinedasactive supply points to a propertyandLargePowerUsers(LPU)aredefinedas customers connected with demand meters. In the charts below, the number of customers in each of these categories is provided, as was recorded since 2006 to date, for the different REDs and LAs operating in the regions indicated.

Figure 6: Total Number of Customers per category

Total Number of Customers

250 000

200 000

150 000

100 000

50 000

0

Tota

l Num

ber

of c

usto

mer

s

Domestic Commercial LPU

Customer Categories

243,381248,142

18,928 19,914

2,441 2,467

2017

2018


Domestic(household/residential)customersinNamibiaasshowninfigure6above,arethehighestintermsofnumbers;thisshowsthatmostoftheelectrificationeffortsinNamibiaaregearedtowardselectrifyingthehouseholds.Domesticcustomersaretheonlycustomercategorythathaverecordedasignificantincreaseinthenumberofcustomers,anincreaseofmorethan4000householdswereelectrifiedduringtheperiodfrom2017to2018.

Further analysis on number of customers in different customer categories per licensee area are illustrated below from figure 7 - 9.

2. Summary Statistics for Electricity Distribution Sector

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Figure 7: Number of Domestic Customers

Domestic Customers

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

90, 000

80, 000

70, 000

60, 000

50, 000

40, 000

30, 000

20, 000

10, 000

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Num

ber

of C

usto

mer

s

Year


TherewasaslightchangeinthenumberofdomesticcustomersinNamibiaintheperiodunderreviewfrom2017to2018.NOREDdomesticcustomersincreasedwithabout5.3%,ErongoREDwitha5%andtherestofthedistributionareasincreasedwithanaverageofabout1.3%from2017to2018.ThetotalnumberofdomesticcustomersinNamibiaincreasedwithapproximately2%from243 000in2017to248000customersin2018.

Figure 8: Number of Commercial Customers

Commercial Customers

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

NamPower DX

90, 000

80, 000

70, 000

60, 000

50, 000

40, 000

30, 000

20, 000

10, 000

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year

Num

ber

of C

usto

mer

s


Commercialcustomernumbers,asshowninFigure8aboveshowthatmostdistributionareasexceptinCentralNamibiahaverecorded below 4 000 customers for the period under review. It is important to note the upward trend in the Central Namibia, anincreaseofabout17%,particularlyinWindhoekwherethereisanincreasednumberofnewelectricityconnectionsfornewbusinessunitsduetoahighgrowingdemandforSMEs in thecity.Therewasaslight increaseof5%in thetotalnumberofcommercialcustomersinNamibiafrom18928in2017to19 914in2018.


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Figure 9: Number of Large Power User Customers

LPU Customers

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

NamPower DX

1,210

1,010

810

610

410

210

10

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year

Num

ber

of C

usto

mer

s


ThemajorityofLPUcustomerswererecordedinCentralNamibiaandtheleastnumberofcustomerswererecordedinOPEfortheperiodunderreview.Asitcanbeseenfromfigure9above,therewaslittletonochangeduringtheperiodfrom2017to2018inmostofthedistributionareasinNamibia.Itmustbenotedthatthesefiguresareforallmaximumdemandbilledcustomersofthelicensees, these are consumers such as shopping malls, factories etc. The total number of Large Power User customers in Namibia grewslightlywitha1percentfrom2441customersin2017to2467in2018.Theslowincreasewaslikelyduetotheeconomicdownturn in the country that is affecting the business fraternity.

Figure 10: Total Number of Customers

Number of Customers300

250

200

150

100

50

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Tota

l Num

ber

of C

usto

mer

s in

Tho

usan

ds

Year

NamPower DX

Southern Namibia

Central Namibia

Erongo RED

CENORED

OPE

NORED


Figure 10above, shows that from2017 to2018, therewasa slowgrowthofelectrificationofgrid connectedconsumers inthecountry.MostofthedistributionareasinNamibiahaveexperiencedslighttonoincreaseintheirelectrificationefforts.ThetotalnumberofelectricitycustomersinNamibiaincreasedslightlywith2percentfrom265 681customersin2017to271 556customersin2018.

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2.2 Electricity Consumption Profiles

Figure 11: Domestic Consumption

Cons

umpt

ion

in M

Wh

Domestic Consumption

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

450, 000

400, 000

350, 000

300, 000

250, 000

200, 000

150, 000

100, 000

50, 000

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year


Domestic consumption per annum in Central Namibia remains the highest in the country and highly concentrated in the City of Windhoek’s distribution area. Windhoek contributes 93 percent of the total consumption per annum in the Central Namibia, this is mainly due to a high population growth coupled with economic activities taking place in the City. The second highest consumption isfoundintheNOREDdistributionareawitha217 000MWhandfollowedbyErongoREDwith182 000MWhfor2018.Therestofthedistributionarea’sdomesticcustomersconsumedbelow100 000MWh.ThetotaldomesticconsumptioninNamibiaincreasedwith1percentfrom974GWhin2017to987GWhin2018.

Figure 12: Commercial Consumption

Cons

umpt

ion

in M

Wh

Commercial Consumption

300, 000

250, 000

200, 000

150, 000

100, 000

50, 000

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

NamPower DX


Commercial consumption per annum for Central Namibia continues to be the highest in the country and the least consumption is found in the OPE distribution area. The high consumption is largely driven by small medium enterprises (SMEs) and light commercial industries particularly in Windhoek. The rest of the distribution areas have been consistently stable for the period underreviewremainingbelow70 000MWh.Thetotalcommercialcustomerconsumptioninthecountryincreasedslightlywithonly0.002percentfrom362GWhin2017to363GWhin2018.


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Figure 13: Large Power User Consumption

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

NamPower DX

Cons

umpt

ion

in M

Wh

LPU Consumption

500,000

450, 000

400, 000

350, 000

300, 000

250, 000

200, 000

150, 000

100, 000

50, 000

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year


Large Power User (LPU) consumption in Central Namibia is the highest compared to other distribution areas (Figure 13), their consumptionhas increasedconsistentlyover theyearsandhavedoubled thefigures recorded inanyotherdistributionarea.ThiscouldbeattributedtotheelectrificationofneworexpandedshoppingmallsinWindhoekwithmaximumdemandmeters.Howeverin2018,ErongoREDrecordedthehighestincreasewith9percentandfollowedby3percentincreaseinNORED.Therestofthedistributionareashavebeenfairlystableintheirconsumptionprofiles.ThetotalLPUcustomerconsumptionhasincreasedwith2.1percentfrom998GWhin2017to1019GWhin2018.

Figure 14: Total Distribution Consumption

Total Consumption

3,000,000

2,500,000

2,000,000

1,500,000

1,000,000

500,000

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Tota

l Con

sum

ptio

n in

MW

h

Year

NamPower DX

Southern Namibia

Central Namibia

Erongo RED

CENORED

OPE

NORED


There has been slow but positive growth in the total consumption of the distribution customers in the country as shown in Figure 14,withanaveragegrowthrateoflessthan4%annually.ThetotalelectricityconsumptioninNamibiagrewwitha1.6percentfromabout2 393GWhin2017to2 433GWhin2018.

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2.3 Average Annual Consumption per Individual Customer for the different Customer Categories

The following analysis deals with electricity consumption (sales) per customer in each customer category.

Figure 15: Domestic Consumption per Customer

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

Cons

umpt

ion

in M

Wh

per

Cust

omer

Domestic Consumption / Customer

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year


Central Namibia had the highest consumption per domestic customer ratio compared to any other distribution areas, during the period under review, (see Figure 15 above). The ratio varies slightly from year to year depending on the circumstances happening inthehouseholds.Therewasnonotablemovementobservedinallthedistributionareasin2018astherewaslittletonochangein their consumption per household. The average domestic consumption per household in Namibia has decreased with 0.5 percent from4.00MWhin2017to3.98MWhin2018.

Figure 16: Commercial Consumption per Customer

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

NamPower DXCons

umpt

ion

in M

Wh

per

Cust

omer

Commercial Consumption / Customer

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year


NamPower Distribution has the highest commercial consumption per customer ratio while OPE has the lowest commercial consumptionratioforperiodunderreview.TheaveragecommercialconsumptionpercustomerinNamibiastoodat18.25MWhpercommercial/businessunitin2018withadecreaseof5percentfrom19.16MWhpercommercial/businessunitin2017.


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Figure 17: Large Power User Consumption per Customer

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

NamPower DXCons

umpt

ion

in M

Wh

per

Cust

omer

LPU Consumption / Customer

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

-


LPU consumption per customer ratio for Erongo RED is the highest with 750 MWh per customer, followed by NamPower Distribution with 664 MWh per customer and the lowest is 190 MWh per customer and 175 MWh per customer in NORED and the Southern Namibiarespectively.Therestofthedistributionareashadafairlyconstantmovementfromyear2017to2018.TheaverageLargePowerUser’sconsumptionperLPUentity(unit)inNamibiahasincreasedwith1.04percentfrom408MWhperentityin2017to413MWhperentityin2018.

The Monthly trend of average consumption at national level per customer category is shown in Figure18 below:

Figure 18: Monthly Average Consumption per customer category

Consumption / Consumer Category40,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

kWh

per

mon

th

Consumption / Consumer Category

2,500

2,000

1,500

1,000

500

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

kWh

per

mon

th

CommercialDomestic Large Power User CommercialDomestic

Year Year


Large Power User consumption per customer category (graph on the left)fluctuatedabove33000kWhonaveragepermonth,while Commercial consumption (graph on the right)fluctuatedabove1500kWhandDomesticconsumption(graphontheright)on average stood below 400 kWh per month during the period under review.

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2.4 Electricity Tariffs and Revenue Profiles

Figure 19: Average Tariff Increases over time

Overall Tariffs

300

250

200

150

100

50

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

N$

Cent

s /

kWh

Year


Figure 19 shows the average overall tariff increases overtime, characterized by gradual price increments over the years. The consistent tariff increases were as a result of, amongst others, the cabinet decision in 2009 that electricity tariffs should be cost reflectiveandshouldremainassuchfrom2010onwards.Cost-reflective tariffisdefinedas“a tariff level that reflect the true cost of supplying electricity and remove any reliance on external subsidies or budget allocations to cover the variance between current tariffs and the true cost of electricity supply.” (RERA Publication on Electricity Tariffs & Selected Performance Indicators for theSADCRegion,2015).TheaverageretailtariffsinNamibiahaveincreasedwith6.6percentfrom238.80NamibiancentsperkWhin2017to254.65NamibiacentsperkWh2018.

Figure 20: SADC Member Countries tariffs in USD

2018 SADC Member Tariffs18.00

16.00

14.00

12.00

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00

Ang

ola

Bots

wan

a

DRC

Esw

atin

i

Leso

tho

Mad

agas

car

Mal

awi

Mau

ritiu

s

Moz

ambi

que

Nam

ibia

Seyc

helle

s

Sout

h A

fric

a

Tanz

ania

Zam

biaa

Zim

babw

e

Tari

ffs

in U

SD C

ents

/ K

Wh

SADC Countries

Source: RERA Database 2018.

Figure 20abovedepictstheaveragetarifflevelsofsomeSADCmembercountries.Mauritiushasthehighesttarifflevelsof16.81US Cents per kWh, followed by Namibia with 16.70 US cents per kWh, while the lowest tariff is in Angola with 2.22 US cents per kWh.EventhoughNamibiahasoneofthehighesttariffs,itistheonlySADCcountryreportedtobecost-reflectivewhileothermembercountriesarestillcommittedinmaintainingtheireffortstoimplementcost-recoverytariffs.Thesenon-cost-reflectivetariffsinmostSADCcountriesaresubsidisedbytherespectivegovernmentshencelowtariffs.Whilecost-reflectivetariffsmaybe


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seen as expensive tariffs, they are important in ensuring long term viability of the sector, in attracting private sector investments such as IPPs, as well as facilitating a self-funding electricity sector that allows governments to fund other services or areas (e.g. Education, Healthcare).

Figure 21: Average Electricity Tariffs for the distribution Areas

Average Tariffs per Licensee

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

NamPower DX

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year


ComparedtootherdistributionareasCENOREDhasthehighestaveragetariffsof322.80centsperkWhfor2018.Thisismainlydue to a high Local Authority Surcharge (LAS) that are added on the CENORED tariffs and collected on behalf of the Local Authority. SecondhighestaveragetariffsareinOPEwith277.39centsperkWhwhilethelowestaveragetariffsfor2018isintheCentralNamibiawith228.71centsperkWh.

Figure 22: Local Authority Surcharge per Licensee

Average Local Authority Surcharge (LAS)

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

N$

Cent

s pe

r kW

h

Year


CENORED’s average Local Authority Surcharge is the highest compared to other Regional Distributors because their LA surcharges are all collected by them on behalf of the Local Authority unlike in Erongo RED where since 2012 they decided to collect half of the LA surcharges and the other half are passed through to customers (Figure 22).

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Figure 23 to Figure 25 provide a portrait of the average tariffs per customer category in their respective distribution areas.

Figure 23: Electricity Tariffs: Domestic Customers

Licensee

Domestic Tariffs - 2018225

220

215

210

205

200

195

Cent

s /

kWh

NORED OPE CENORED ERONGORED

CENTRALNAMIBIA

SOUTHERNNAMIBIA

214

217

215

220

205

219


DomesticcustomersinErongoREDarepayingthehighestelectricitytariffsof220centsperkWhin2018followedbySouthernNamibia with 219 cents per kWh. The lowest electricity domestic tariffs are recorded in Central Namibia with 205 cents per kWh. The2018averagetariffforalldomesticcustomersinNamibiahasincreasedwith6percentfrom200centsperkWhin2017to212centsperkWhin2018.

Figure 24: Electricity Tariffs: Commercial Customers

Licensee

Commercial Tariffs - 2018400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

-

Cent

s /

kWh


CENTRALNAMIBIA

SOUTHERNNAMIBIA

NamPowerDX

356

310333 323

348

257266


The tariffs of electricity for commercial customers in NORED are the highest in the country with 356 cents per kWh, followed by CentralNamibiaandCENOREDwith348and333centsperkWhrespectively.ThelowestelectricitytariffsforcommercialcustomersarerecordedinNamPowerDistributionwith257centsperkWh.The2018averagetariffforallcommercialcustomersinNamibiahasincreasedwith10percentfrom291centsperkWhin2017to32centsperkWhin2018.


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Figure 25: Electricity Tariffs: Large Power User Customers

Licensee

LPU Tariffs - 2018400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

-

Cent

s /

kW

h


CENTRALNAMIBIA

SOUTHERNNAMIBIA

NamPowerDX

339

314 316295

217

257240


The lowest average electricity tariffs paid by LPU customers are in Central Namibia with 217 cents per kWh, followed by Southern Namibia with 240 cents per kWh, while the highest average electricity tariffs paid by LPU customers are recorded in NORED with 339centsperkWhin2018.TheaverageelectricitytariffsforLPUcustomersinNamibiahasincreasedwith6percentfrom246centsperkWhin2017to260centsperkWhin2018.

Figure 26: Average Electricity Tariffs per Customer Category

Average Tariffs per Customer Category

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

N$

Cent

s/kW

h

Domestic Commercial LPU

Customer Category

200212

291320

246260

2017

2018


Commercial customers had the highest tariff increase with 10 percent from 291 cents per kWh in 2017 to 320 cents per kWh in 2018,followedbytheDomesticandLargePowerUsercustomersrecordinganincreaseof6percenteach.

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Figure 27: Average Monthly Bill for Domestic Customers

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year

Average Monthly Bill - Domestic

Am

ount

in N

$


Domestic customers in Central Namibia and Erongo RED have the highest average monthly bill consistently over the years. Thesestatisticsisinfluencedmorebytheloadprofileperconsumerthanbythetarifflevels,althoughthelatteralsoplayapart.CENORED’s customers face amongst the lowest bills, despite their high tariffs, therefore this is partly due to their low consumption level.TheaveragemonthlybillfordomesticcustomersinNamibiahasincreasewith5.2percentfromanaveragebillofN$666-83in2017toN$701-66in2018.

Figure 28: Average Monthly Bill for Commercial Customers

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

7,000

6,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year

Average Monthly Bill - Commercial

Am

ount

in N

$


The average monthly bill for commercial customers in CENORED continue to dominate with high bills compared to other distributionareasforthepastfiveyear.Thisispartlyduetotherelativelyhighaverageconsumptioncombinedwiththeirhightariffs.CommercialCustomersinOPEpaidthelowestaveragebillspermonthofaboutN$3 280.TheaveragemonthlybillforallcommercialcustomersinNamibiahasincreasedwith4.7percentpermonthfromanaveragebillofN$4600in2017toN$4 800in2018.


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Figure 29: Average Monthly Bill for Large Power User Customers

NORED

OPE

CENORED

Erongo RED

Central Namibia

Southern Namibia

200,000

180,000

160,000

140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Year

Average Monthly Bill - LPU

Am

ount

in N

$


Since2011,theaveragemonthlybillsforLPUcustomersinErongoREDhasbeenincreasingexponentiallyamountingtojustaboveN$180000in2018;theseconstantincreasesareduetoastrongindustrialsectorprimarilyinWalvisBay.OPELPUcustomerspaidjustslightlyaboveN$100000in2018andmakingitthesecondhighestbilledLPUcustomersin2018permonth.SouthernNamibiaLPUcustomersremainsthelowestbilledcustomerswithmonthlybillsslightlyaboveN$35 000in2018.TheaveragemonthlybillforLPUcustomersinNamibiahasincreasedwith10percentfromN$210 000in2017toN$231000permonthin2018.

Figure 30: Total Revenue generated from Distribution Customers

Total Revenue from Distribution Consumers

Domestic

Commercial

LPU

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Mill

ions

in N

$

Year


Figure 30 above shows the Total Revenue collected from the Electricity Distribution Industry of Namibia. The revenue generated (collected) within the Electricity Distribution Industry has been growing exponentially every year. LPU customers are the main sourceof revenue in theelectricitydistributionsectorwitha totalofN$6.8Billion in2018, followedbydomestic customerswithN$2.1BillionandcommercialcustomerswithN$1.1Billion.Thetotalrevenuecollectedfor2018fromthedistributionendconsumersinNamibiahasincreasedwith10.3percentfromN$9.2Billionin2017toN$10.1Billionin2018.

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The Figure 31 below indicates revenue generated by each customer category per distribution in Namibia for the year 2017.

Figure 31: Revenue Generated per Distribution Area in Each Customer Category

2018 Domestic Revenue

Southern Namibia 10%

NORED 22%

Central Namibia 40%

OPE 2%

CENORED 7%

Erongo RED 19%

2018 LPU Revenue

NamPower DX 10%

NORED 16%

Southern Namibia 5%

OPE 3%

CENORED 4%

Central Namibia 36%

Erongo RED 26%

2018 Commercial Revenue

Southern Namibia 6%

NamPower DX 14%

NORED 12%

OPE 2%

CENORED 15%

Erongo RED 18%

Central Namibia 33%


CentralNamibiaisthehubforrevenuegenerationinbothDomestic,CommercialandLPUcategoriesin2018accountingfor40%,33%and36%respectively,followedbyNOREDinDomesticwith22%andErongoREDinCommercialwith18%andinLPUwith26%.Therestofthedistributionareascollectedbelow18%acrossallcustomercategoriesfor2018.

Figure 32: Total Revenue Generated per Dx Licensee

Total Revenue 2018

Southern Namibia 6%

NamPower DX 14%

NORED 12%

OPE 2%

CENORED 15%

Erongo RED 18%

Central Namibia 33%



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Central Namibia, particularly in Windhoek, continues to dominate in revenue generation within the entire electricity distribution industryinNamibia,generatingtoabout35%,followedbyErongoREDwith21%andNOREDwith16%.Therestofthedistributionlicenseecollectedbelow10%.

Figure 33: Transmission Revenue Generated from Local End Customers

Local Transmission Revenue

1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

-

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Reve

nue

(Mill

ion

in N

$ )

Year


Figure 33 above shows that the revenue collected from the Transmission Local end customers have been growing steadily with anaverageof18%annually. TransmissionRevenue is revenueexclusivelygenerated from transmission localend consumersexcluding revenue from exports, distribution entities, Scorpion Zinc, Orange River, wheeling and others. The total revenue for Transmissionlocalendcustomershaveincreasedwith23percentfrom1.2Billionin2017to1.5Billionin2018.


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Figure 34: Namibia’s Electricity Supply Sources

Namibia Electricity Sources

Independent Power Producers

Other Regional

Eskom

NamPower Generation

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

0

GW

h

Year

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Source: NamPower Database 2018

Figure 34 above depicts sources of electricity supply for Namibia. During 2018, Namibia’s local sources (NamPower generation) into the system stood at 24%, other regional markets (ZESCO, STEM, and ZPC) made up 32%, IPPs contributed 3% while Eskom contributed the largest share of 41%. NamPower generation into the system decreased with 29.8% from 1660 GWh in 2017 to 1165 GWh in 2018, this was mainly due to the persistent drought that was experienced in the country for the period under review as well as the introduction of the Independent Power Producers in the industry.

Figure 35: Namibian Peak Demand vs Local Installed Generation Capacity

Namibia Peak Demand vs Generation Capacity

Peak Demand MW

Installed GeneratorCapacity

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

MW

Year

Source: NamPower Database 2017

Figure 35 shows the annual peak demand for electricity in Namibia, (excluding Skorpion Mine), and the installed local generation capacityincludingIPPsfortheperiod2006to2018.ThegraphaboveclearlyindicatesthattheinstalledgenerationcapacityhasmetthepeakdemandexcludingSkorpionforthefirsttimesince2006.ThiscanbeattributedtonewIPPsthathaveenteredtheNamibianElectricityGenerationsector.Althoughthepeakdemandshrunkwitha4.0%from631MWin2017to602MWin

3. National Electricity Supply

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2018duetoacombinationoffactorssuchastheimplementationofthenetmeteringconceptbytheindustry,thedemandsidemanagementinitiativesaswellasthecontractionintheeconomyingeneral,theinstalledgenerationcapacitygrewwith4.4%from567MWin2017to594MWto2018.

Figure 36: Renewable Energy Feed-In-Tariffs

NO: interim-REFIT PROJECTS Technology Licensed Installed Capacity COD

1 Alcon Solar PV 5 09/01/2017

2 Osona Solar PV 5 09/01/2016

3 Ombepo Wind 5 08/04/2017

4 Hopsol Solar PV 5 28/06/2017

5 Aloe Solar PV 5 17/07/2018

6 Momentus Solar PV 5 24/08/2018

7 Tandii Solar PV 5 28/09/2019

8 Namibia Carbon Fertilizer Energy Solar PV 5 28/09/2019

9 Camelthorn Solar PV 5 23/10/2017

10 Unisun Solar PV 5 *30/06/2020

11 Sertum Solar PV 5 31/12/2018

12 Ejuva 1 Solar PV 5 19/09/2017

13 Ejuva 2 Solar PV 5 19/09/2017

14 Metdecci Solar PV 5 03/07/2017

* To be commissioned in 2020

Source: Electricity Control Board Database 2018

Figure 36showstheinterimREFiTprojectsinNamibia.Attheendof2018,55MWinstalledcapacitywasadded,theremaining15MW from other IPPs on REFiT will be added in 2019 and 2020 as shown in their respective Commercial Operation Date (COD).

Figure 37: List of Type and Number of Licensees Operational in Namibia

Type of License Total Number of Licenses

Generation 55

Distribution and Supply 48

Supply 2

Transmission 1

Import 1

Export 1

Source: Electricity Control Board Database 2018

Figure 37 above shows a list of all operational types of licenses issued in Namibia. Namibia has reformed her generation and distributionsectorsbyopeningthemarkettoencouragemanyplayerstoenterintothesesectorsasshownabovewith55,48and 2 licenses respectively.

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4. AppendixTable 1: Aggregated Economic Indicators

Aggregated Economic Indicators

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

GDP (in N$) 54028 61582 70110 75214 82599 86804 91198 963189 102437 108671 109892 108938 108857

GDP Growth Rate (%)

7.1 5.1 2.6 0.3 6.0 5.1 5.1 5.6 6.4 6.1 0.7 -0.9 -0.1

Electricity & Water Sector Contribution

to GDP (%)1.9 2.4 2.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.5 2.3 2.6 2.9

GDP per Capita (in Thousand N$)

26 29 33 35 36 39 46 54 61 70 71.5 76.3 79.6

CPI rate (Inflation) %

5.0 6.6 9.1 9.5 4.5 5.0 6.7 5.6 4.9 3.40 6.70 6.1 4.3

Table 2: Number of Customers

Customer Numbers

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Domestic 137,841 148,190 157,377 164,516 173,440 181,419 188,934 202,538 209,046 221,477 231,866 243,381 248,142

Commercial 13,871 14,791 15,115 15,298 18,234 19,865 20,330 19,147 18,349 18,537 19,674 18,928 19,914

Large Power Users

1,861 1,930 1,688 1,620 1,997 2,000 2,000 2,036 2,329 2,325 2,357 2,441 2,467

Total Customers 153,573 164,911 174,180 181,434 193,671 203,284 211,264 223,721 229,724 242,339 253,897 264,750 270,523

Table 3: Number of Domestic Customers by Licensee

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 26,629 29,929 33,229 36,529 39,829 43,129 47,629 56,000 56,000 56,000 57,000 76,000 80,000

OPE 3,151 3,194 3,028 3,013 3,152 3,242 3,396 4,875 5,045 5,869 5,869 7,483 7,855

CENORED 12,178 13,500 15,261 15,761 17,755 21,850 22,287 22,117 22,019 30,149 27,796 27,698 28,230

ERONGO RED 26,456 28,672 31,462 30,462 31,063 31,142 31,117 31,739 33,404 33,404 32,149 35,069 35,069

Central Namibia 53,257 56,119 56,329 59,822 59,381 58,654 60,611 62,023 65,621 67,085 65,842 64,982 66,942

S o u t h e r n Namibia

16,170 16,776 18,068 18,929 22,260 23,402 23,894 25,784 26,943 28,956 29,914 32,146 30,043

Table 4: Number of Commercial Customers by Licensee

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 1,651 1,565 1,620 1,620 1,890 1,890 1,915 1,915 2,309 2,304 2,590 2,382 2,413

OPE 422 602 684 879 940 956 1,009 464 440 488 483 513 521

CENORED 2,190 2,666 2,003 2,124 2,373 2,354 2,380 2,267 2,276 2,582 2,450 2,509 2,533

ERONGO RED 1,433 1,237 1,343 1,343 2,809 2,899 3,018 3,033 3,193 3,193 3,366 3,671 3,762

Central Namibia 4,381 4,331 5,470 5,519 6,191 7,583 7,803 7,310 5,902 5,649 5,463 5,518 6,490

Southern Namibia

1,897 2,043 1,639 1,455 1,643 1,576 1,649 1,672 1,680 1,630 3,723 1,686 1,473

NamPower DX 1,897 2,347 2,357 2,357 2,387 2,607 2,556 2,486 2,549 2,731 2,741 2,649 2,722


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Table 5: Number of Large Power User Customers by Licensee

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 302 311 320 320 355 355 420 420 529 529 695 620 654

OPE 62 64 62 65 65 68 69 55 54 54 58 55 55

CENORED 219 168 63 68 73 75 71 69 71 68 77 80 80

ERONGO RED 331 320 301 301 307 239 241 242 249 263 275 291 310

Central Namibia 778 849 751 696 984 1,000 874 877 1,034 932 870 863 866

Southern Namibia

93 97 100 79 123 159 222 268 281 329 336 365 347

NamPower DX 76 121 91 91 90 104 103 105 111 150 139 167 155

Table 6: Electricity Domestic Consumption by Licensee in MWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 71,642 85,400 88,553 99,974 110,520 116,420 139,275 164,193 175,164 193,925 201, 902 210, 990 217,319

OPE 10,344 9,471 7,310 8,018 11,263 11,676 12,689 19,059 18,378 20,282 23,687 21,794 21,794

CENORED 32,690 34,566 34,737 37,056 39,283 41,885 44,869 47,526 58,797 55,280 58,445 60,277 61,605

ERONGO RED 121,268 147,497 147,292 147,292 149,667 149,749 154,287 162,698 163,251 172,676 177, 352 182,100 182,061

Central Namibia

314,163 326,148 330,232 345,560 349,715 368,242 383,402 385,797 393,129 397,167 404,851 400,239 409,500

Southern Namibia

47,764 51,430 54,370 53,543 56,560 65,222 72,420 71,555 70,057 73,000 88,688 94,049 89,496

Table 7: Electricity Commercial Consumption by Licensee in MWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 24,767 29,300 29,900 30,499 31,926 34,358 33,711 33,711 36,524 31,486 44,567 37,107 38,816

OPE 7,472 9,245 11,819 12,627 9,993 10,432 11,371 6,541 6,569 6,748 7,001 6,612 6,612

CENORED 51,802 51,611 44,606 45,531 44,967 45,310 48,826 52,103 50,277 54,838 54,300 54,648 53,954

ERONGO RED 29,747 24,523 28,858 28,858 56,815 59,234 55,844 58,500 58,215 58,786 57,468 60,161 63,316

Central Namibia

87,040 87,852 106,364 111,972 101,093 93,883 238,987 244,005 129,045 114,776 108,878 108,689 1009,735

Southern Namibia

29,726 29,055 33,148 28,646 27,761 27,909 27,123 27,055 28,379 28,741 38,506 30,841 26,118

NamPower DX 50,612 62,505 61,781 61,781 64,282 72,994 72,354 74,137 74,715 68,026 69,303 64,547 64,870

Table 8: Electricity Large Power User Consumption by Licensee in MWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 52,835 56,857 62,450 63,699 63,699 87,138 102,441 102,441 106,778 121,445 119,631 121,224 124,861

OPE 21,570 23,189 25,013 30,319 28,965 30,413 30,105 24,993 26,030 24,497 21,344 23,119 23,118

CENORED 39,321 40,028 23,075 22,431 22,762 25,727 24,598 25,635 24,835 31,635 34,861 31,794 31,158

ERONGO RED 150,492 130,117 154,934 154,934 169,026 177,716 175,570 174,471 173,835 181,393 189,342 213,786 232,633

Central Namibia

318,286 324,780 330,987 341,404 336,314 390,826 345,041 340,556 376,207 453,295 451,724 443,667 443,997

Southern Namibia

39,200 35,151 34,875 48,444 51,219 50,600 55,512 56,321 57,967 61,807 59,851 62,352 60,838

NamPower DX 69,539 75,442 62,943 62,943 50,987 76,310 88,812 105,740 121,903 106,575 98,707 102,492 103,005

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Table 9: Electricity Domestic Consumption per Customer by Licensee in MWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 2.69 2.85 2.66 2.74 2.77 2.70 2.92 2.93 3.13 3.46 3.61 2.78 2.72

OPE 3.28 2.97 2.41 2.66 3.57 3.60 3.74 3.91 3.64 3.46 40.4 2.91 2.77

CENORED 2.68 2.56 2.28 2.35 2.21 1.92 2.01 2.15 2.67 1.83 2.10 2.18 2.18

ERONGO RED 4.58 5.14 4.68 4.84 4.82 4.81 4.96 5.13 4.89 5.17 5.52 5.19 5.19

Central Namibia 5.90 5.81 5.86 5.78 5.89 6.28 6.33 6.22 5.99 5.92 6.15 6.16 6.12

Southern Namibia

2.95 3.07 3.01 2.83 2.54 2.79 3.03 2.78 2.60 2.52 2.96 2.93 2.98

Table 10: Electricity Commercial Consumption per Customer by Licensee in MWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 15.00 18.72 18.46 18.83 16.89 18.18 17.60 17.60 15.82 13.67 17.21 15.58 16.09

OPE 17.71 15.36 17.28 14.37 10.63 10.91 11.27 14.10 14.93 13.83 14.49 12.89 12.69

CENORED 23.65 19.36 22.27 21.44 18.95 19.25 20.52 22.98 22.09 21.24 22.16 21.78 21.30

ERONGO RED 20.76 19.82 21.49 21.48 20.23 20.43 18.50 19.29 18.23 18.64 17.07 16.39 16.83

Central Namibia 19.87 20.28 19.45 20.29 16.33 12.38 30.63 33.38 21.86 20.32 19.93 19.70 16.91

Southern Namibia

15.67 14.22 20.23 19.68 16.89 17.71 16.45 16.18 16.89 17.64 10.34 18.30 17.73

NamPower DX 26.68 26.63 26.21 26.21 26.93 28.00 28.31 29.82 29.31 24.91 25.28 24.37 23.83

Table 11: Electricity Large Power User Consumption per Customer by Licensee in MWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 174.95 182.82 195.16 199.06 179.43 245.46 243.91 243.91 201.85 229.57 172.13 195.52 190.92

OPE 347.90 362.33 403.43 466.45 445.62 447.25 436.30 454.42 482.04 453.65 368.00 420.35 420.33

CENORED 179.55 238.26 366.27 329.87 311.81 343.03 346.45 371.52 349.79 465.22 452.74 397.43 389.48

ERONGO RED 454.66 406.62 514.73 514.45 550.57 743.58 728.51 720.95 698.13 689.71 688.52 734.66 750.43

Central Namibia 409.11 382.54 440.73 490.52 341.78 390.83 394.78 388.32 363.84 486.37 519.22 514.10 512.70

Southern Namibia

422.79 361.14 348.75 610.90 415.40 318.04 250.62 209.77 205.93 187.66 177.98 170.70 175.33

NamPower DX 914.99 623.49 691.68 691.68 566.52 733.75 862.25 1007.05 1098.23 710.50 710.12 613.72 664.55

Table 12: Average Local Authority Surcharge (LAS) in N$ cents per kWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.2 6.0 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

OPE 2.7 2.7 3.6 6.2 7.6 8.0 8.5 9.6 10.4 10.7 11.7 12.2 12.6

CENORED 16.1 17.0 15.1 15.1 14.9 14.8 14.5 13.5 13.8 14.4 12.8 13.2 13.6

ERONGO RED 15.3 15.4 14.0 14.0 12.6 12.2 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.6 6.3 6.1 6.1

Central Namibia 7.0 6.8 7.2 8.4 13.6 12.4 11.0 10.9 11.9 11.1 10.9 11.1 11.0

Southern Namibia

19.1 19.7 14.4 16.2 16.8 15.6 15.1 16.8 17.6 17.3 16.0 11.1 62.2


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Table 13: Electricity Tariffs for Domestic Customers by Licensee in Namibia Cents per kWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 73 78 92 100 118 122 140 151 161 173 195 203 214

OPE 73 79 92 99 106 124 141 151 164 174 197 207 217

CENORED 96 102 123 140 158 166 175 183 186 188 188 201 215

ERONGO RED 78 91 104 124 152 179 172 180 192 198 200 209 220

Central Namibia 69 77 81 94 111 125 144 149 165 173 184 193 205

Southern Namibia

73 84 95 108 114 138 156 171 179 192 212 202 219

Table 14: Electricity Tariffs for Commercial Customers by Licensee in Namibia Cents per kWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 85 87 106 118 138 155 190 216 239 295 290 337 356

OPE 80 80 92 104 113 137 158 188 206 221 262 293 310

CENORED 83 105 110 131 156 186 205 226 250 251 284 313 333

ERONGO RED 81 108 113 134 146 142 185 207 233 253 283 314 323

Central Namibia 58 69 79 91 143 149 142 152 190 249 278 286 348

Southern Namibia

74 85 91 109 120 147 157 171 181 194 211 249 266

NamPower DX 58 67 78 78 95 120 143 160 186 219 242 251 257

Table 15: Electricity Tariffs for Large Power User Customers by Licensee in Namibia Cents per kWh

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 103 103 113 125 146 147 160 183 233 240 276 302 339

OPE 73 71 89 107 117 149 173 200 234 228 276 295 314

CENORED 79 94 91 119 138 171 187 215 251 249 271 303 316

ERONGO RED 62 72 77 93 112 132 165 184 208 232 258 288 295

Central Namibia 60 68 76 87 96 119 139 151 161 178 204 207 217

Southern Namibia

89 103 109 109 142 141 168 178 195 209 227 219 240

NamPower DX 49 83 76 76 99 104 124 133 132 183 235 250 257

Table 16: Average Monthly Bill for Domestic Customers in N$

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 162.66 186.42 204.31 228.07 271.71 274.43 341.15 368.95 419.66 500.62 584.81 468.63 483.85

OPE 199.75 194.20 184.73 219.58 315.31 372.07 438.54 492.19 498.59 501.18 663.24 502.65 502.21

CENORED 215.61 217.14 233.06 275.19 291.41 265.59 292.97 327.14 413.51 288.01 328.69 364.03 391.21

ERONGO RED 299.71 392.03 406.73 501.12 611.25 715.81 712.35 771.04 782.29 854.72 921.31 903.42 951.73

Central Namibia 339.93 374.01 393.83 454.18 545.76 653.43 757.11 774.64 823.09 855.51 944.64 992.89 1042.60

Southern Namibia

179.21 213.69 237.35 254.24 240.43 320.66 394.13 395.19 388.53 402.34 523.74 491.38 543.90

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Table 17: Average Monthly Bill for Commercial Customers in N$

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 1,067 1,359 1,632 1,852 1,936 2,355 2,789 3,169 3,157 3,364 4,164 4,512 4,766.95

OPE 1,174 1,029 1,321 1,244 1,005 1,246 1,485 2,212 2,564 2,552 3,165 3,444 3,280.49

CENORED 1,633 1,688 2,040 2,345 2,469 2,991 3,505 4,324 4,601 4,448 5,249 5,704 5,902.26

ERONGO RED 1,404 1,782 2,024 2,401 2,458 2,419 2,855 3,323 3,540 3,928 4,026 4,446 4,537.20

Central Namibia 963 1,160 1,278 1,531 1,944 1,537 3,615 4,220 3,462 4,220 4,614 4,033 4,909.64

Southern Namibia

967 1,012 1,527 1,784 1,691 2,167 2,153 2,311 2,554 2,849 1,818 1,925 3,923.79

Table 18: Average Monthly Bill for Large Power User Customers in N$

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 15,041 15,632 18,330 20,815 21,885 30,007 32,503 37,204 39,218 45,857 39,570 46,390 53,878.76

OPE 21,254 21,366 29,788 41,493 43,420 55,554 62,812 75,914 94,075 86,069 84,766 97,971 109,880.24

CENORED 11,839 18,738 27,847 32,723 35,856 48,853 54,080 66,679 73,257 96,410 102,311 109,809 102,676.05

ERONGO RED 23,371 24,380 33,063 40,007 51,516 81,497 99,899 110,317 121,120 133,098 148,306 167,083 184,784.14

Central Namibia

20,303 21,620 27,791 35,400 27,473 38,811 45,615 48,796 48,898 72,082 88,166 96,793 92,687.96

Southern Namibia

31,452 31,111 31,714 55,331 49,288 37,494 35,161 31,046 33,503 32,622 33,624 37,972 35,052.68

Table 19: Electricity Revenue Generated by Domestic Customers per Licensee in Million N$

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 52 67 81 100 130 142 195 248 282 336 393 427 464

OPE 8 7 7 8 12 14 18 29 30 35 47 45 47

CENORED 32 35 43 52 62 70 78 87 109 104 110 121 133

ERONGO RED 95 135 154 183 228 268 266 294 314 343 355 380 401

Central Namibia 217 252 266 326 389 460 551 577 648 689 746 774 838

Southern Namibia

35 43 51 58 64 90 113 122 126 140 188 190 196

Total 438 539 602 727 885 1,044 1,221 1,356 1,509 1,647 1,839 1,948 2,089

Table 20: Electricity Revenue Generated by Commercial Customers per Licensee in Million N$

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 21 26 32 36 44 53 64 73 87 93 129 125 138

OPE 6 7 11 13 11 14 18 12 14 15 18 19 21

CENORED 43 54 49 60 70 84 100 118 126 138 154 171 179

ERONGO RED 24 26 33 39 83 84 103 121 136 149 163 189 205

Central Namibia 51 60 84 101 144 140 339 370 245 286 303 310 382

Southern Namibia

22 25 30 31 33 41 43 46 51 56 81 77 69

NamPower DX 29 42 48 48 61 87 103 119 139 149 168 162 167

Total 196 240 286 328 447 505 770 859 798 885 1,016 1,091 1,161


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Table 21: Electricity Revenue Generated by Large Power User Customers per Licensee in Million N$

Licensee 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NORED 55 58 70 80 93 128 164 188 249 291 330 366 423

OPE 16 16 22 32 34 45 52 50 61 56 59 45 47

CENORED 31 38 21 27 31 44 46 55 62 79 95 121 133

ERONGO RED 93 94 119 145 190 234 289 320 362 420 489 380 401

Central Namibia 190 220 250 296 324 466 478 514 607 806 920 918 963

Southern Namibia

35 36 38 53 73 72 93 100 113 129 136 136 146

NamPower DX 34 63 48 48 50 80 110 140 161 195 232 256 265

Total 453 525 570 680 796 1,068 1,233 1,367 1,615 1,976 2,261 2,457 2,655

Table 22: Namibia’s Electricity Sources in GWh

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

NamPower Generation

1,606 1,576 1,572 1,490 1,305 1,430 1,647 1,331 1,498 1,536 1,421 1,660 1,165

Eskom 1,620 1,733 1,961 1,501 1,429 1,522 1,645 1,718 1,091 982 1,956 2,090 1,991

Other Regional 328 312 186 701 1,033 958 874 1,189 1,795 1,695 816 821 1,546

IPPs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 12 40 125

Table 23: Namibia’s Peak Demand (Excluding Scorpion) vs Local Installed Generation Capacity in MW

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Peak Demand 408 446 449 443 477 498 534 534 554 597 608 631 602

Installed Capacity 393 393 393 393 393 393 508 487 487 491,18 516,22 568,71 593,71

Documents

ESI Statistical Bulletin 2018 · 2020-07-28 · ESI Statistical Bulletin 2018 Rural Electrification in Namibia 5 The investments requirements to achieve the United Nations’ universal