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Teacher : Bilel Faleh

School :Bou Omran S SchoolLesson6

The Brain Drain

Level : 4thForms

I / Pre- Reading :

1 Match these confusing words with their right definitions :

A B A+B

a/im.gr.te

1/Move from one place to another (indoorsor outdoors)

a+

b/em..g...te

To depart/leave ones country/ homelandto another one.

b+

c/ mgrte

To enter a new country in which youreconsidered as a stranger in order to livethere.

c+

2 Complete the table with the right word form :

Verb To migrate To emigrate To immigrate

Noun .. ..

Personal noun .. ..

3 Fill in the blanks with words from the box :

immigration involuntary with within native encouraging migration incentives

Emigration is the act of leaving ones country or region to settle in another !t is the same as but from the perspective of the country of origin "umanmovement before the establishment of political boundaries or one state# istermed . $ven though definitions may be vague and vary somewhat#emigration % immigration % migration should not be confused with the phenomenon ofmigration# such as instances of population transfer or ethnic cleansingMotives to migrate can be either attracting people away# known aspullfactors # or circumstances a person to leave# known aspush factors.

4 "ere are some reasons why people might choose to emigrate &ut them under the

appropriate headings :

1. &eople leave their home countries in search of a better 'uality of life for themselves and their

families

2. (o ensure better living conditions for their children

3. (o flee% escape% run awayunbearable family situations

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4. (o flee poverty% misery% hardship% starvation

5. (o escape prosecution %trial) in a court * and persecution% discrimination

6. (o flee political turmoil % chaos% disorder% trouble% agitation% unrest% strict laws

7. (o flee religious persecution # religious intolerance # oppression% tyranny

8. (o look for the freedom to practise one s faith% belief

9. &eople run away from wars# revolutions # disasters) (hey are called refugees*

10. (o seek adventure

11. (o search for economic# educational and scientific opportunities : to pursue ones specialities % to

study

12. they are tempted% attractedby more attractive career opportunities

Push Factors Pull Factors

5 loo at the pictures and develop these notes to get a definition of The Brain Drain :

(he brain drain % movement % highly % skill % 'ualify % people % developing % nation % developedcountries % they can % to earn more money

II / Reading :

Text A :1. Complete the table with the right information :

Phenomenon onse!uences Possible solutions

2. Lexical "ocus : +o tasks , and - page ./0

3. $xpress the following sentence differently 1egin as given :

$fforts to reduce skill shortage may be largely futile ) unsuccessful * unless measures aretaken to offset ) balance* existing incentives for highly educated people to migrate

2 !fmeasures are taken to offset existing incentives for highly educated people to migrate

Text B :1. Complete the table with the right information :

Phenomenon #a$or %easons Bene"its "or thesen&ing countries Bene"its "or thereceiving countries

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2. Correct the following false statement with the right information from the text :

3ccording to the 4orld 1ank# reducing human migration is avoidable 2

3.Focus on the following sentence and say what the underlined part expresses :

+eveloped and developing nations improve their cooperation on the issue sothat developingnations are not unnecessary hurt by a brain drain of skilled workers )"*

4. +o task 0 page ./5

Text :

1. Complete the table with the right information :

Phenomenon %easons Bene"its "or the home

countr'

2( $xpress the following sentence differently 1egin as given :

1oth sending nations and host countries can benefit from brain drain if they play their cards

right

" #nlessthey play their cards right #

3( Lexical Focus : +o tasks . and 0 page ./5

III / Post - Reading :Order these scrambled paragraphs in order to get a coherent writing on the brain drain.(.)Indeed, investment in higher education is lost when a trained individual leaves

and does not return. Also, whatever social capital the individual has been a part o isreduced b! his or her departure. Brain drain can occur either when individuals who stud!abroad and complete their education do not return to their home countr!, or whenindividuals educated in their home countr! emigrate or higher wages or better

opportunities.(.)"owever, the second orm is arguabl! worse, because it drains more resourcesrom the home countr!.

#his phenomenon is perhaps most problematic or developing nations, where it iswidespread. In these countries, higher education and proessional certi$cation are otenviewed as the surest wa! to escape rom a troubled econom! or di%cult politicalsituation.(.)A brain drain or human capital &ight is an emigration o trained and talentedindividuals ('human capital') to other nations due to con&icts, lac o opportunit!, healthhaards where the! are living or other reasons. It parallels the term 'capital &ight' whichreers to $nancial capital that is no longer invested in the countr! where its owner livedand earned it

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(.)#o conclude, I believe that brain drain is a ma*or problem that our continent hasto ace up to. It is obvious that developing countries such as orocco are even losingmore human capital than developed countries(.)ven though little has been discussed about the e-ects o brain drain in Arica, itis believed to be one o the biggest issues to the developing nations. ach !ear millions oAricans escape to urope and the states thereore, the continent is using lot o itshuman capital