Espertise - multimedia.3m.com€¦ · on implant abutments (see page 12, abstract 0310, CED 2009) ... technology and 3M™ ESPE™ Clinpro™ XT Durable Fluoride-Releasing Coating

Espertise™

Scientific Facts

88th General Session & Exhibition of the IADR

5th General Session of the Pan European Region of the IADR

39th Annual Meeting of the AADR

34rd Annual Meeting of the CADR

2010

Indirect Restorative Impression Materials Imprint™ 3 Quick Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Impregum™ Penta™ Soft and Impregum Soft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Impregum™ Soft Light Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Impregum™ L DuoSoft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Express™ XT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Express™ 2 Light Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Temporization Materials Protemp™ 4 Temporization Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 3M™ ESPE™ Stainless Steel Crowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Cements RelyX™ Fiber Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 RelyX™ UnicemCement/RelyX™ Fiber Post . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 RelyX™ Unicem Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 RelyX™ U100 Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 RelyX™ ARC Adhesive Resin Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Laboratory Products Lava™ Zirconia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Lava™ Chairside Oral Scanner C .O .S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Lava™ Ceram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Lava™ DVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Milling Blocks Paradigm™ C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Paradigm™ MZ100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

References Indirect Restoratives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Direct Restorative Adhesives Adper™ Easy Bond Adhesive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Adper™ Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Glass Ionomer, Restoratives and Liners Vitrebond™ Liner /Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Ketac™ Nano Light-Curing Glass Ionomer Restorative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Ketac™ Molar Easymix Glass Ionomer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Restorative Products and Accessories Filtek™ Silorane Low Shrink Posterior Restorative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Filtek™ Supreme Ultra Universal Restorative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

References Direct Restoratives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Preventive Products Vanish™ 5% NaF White Varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Vanish™ XT Extended Contact Varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Clinpro™ 5000 Toothpaste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Clinpro™ Prophy Powder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Table of Contents

GO EAST

3M ESPE Dental Products LITERATURE NO PROJECT NO PAGE(S) SIZE INK(S)

2010 3M ESPE Espertise Scientific Facts Booklet

n/a 64872 104 8.25'' x 11.625'' 4-color process CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK

WelcomeIt is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2010 General Session of the IADR. After being named the most innovative dental company by Dental Industry Review for five consecutive years, we are more determined than ever to collaborate with you, demonstrate our products (current and upcoming) and provide you with scientific and educational resources. This year, 3M ESPE R&D staff will present 15 scientific posters and give four oral presentations.

This issue of Espertise™ Scientific Facts summarizes current abstracts so you can efficiently scan through the latest research presented on 3M ESPE products. This collection includes abstracts which have been published as originally submitted by the author, as well as additional graphics and “Aim of the Study” and “Results of the Study” summaries prepared by 3M to help the reader visualize and summarize the results. At our 3M ESPE Hospitality Center you will also find refreshments, tables for resting and networking and computers for Internet access. You are invited to interact with our research staff to discuss any questions you might have.

Of particular interest at this year’s IADR meeting is a 3M ESPE-sponsored restorative symposium led by Dr. Rolf Halvorson titled “Novel Filler Systems via Nanotechnology: From Design to Clinical Use.” The symposium is open to all IADR attendees and will be held Friday, July 16 from 3:00–5:00 p.m. in CCIB–Room 117. Dr. Halvorson will explore the esthetic qualities and durability of new resin technologies and how those properties relate to the composition of the filler system. In addition to Dr. Halvorson, this special symposium will also feature Dr. Brad Craig, 3M ESPE, describing the development of composite filler systems with a focus on those derived from nanotechnology. His presentation is titled: “The Evolution of Filler Technology in Restorative Dental Composites — from Ground Rocks to Nanotechnology” Dr. Will Palin, from the University of Birmingham School of Dentistry in the United Kingdom, will describe the mechanical characterization of dental nanocomposites and Dr. Paul Lambrechts from BIOMAT Research Center in Leuven, Belgium, will answer the question, “Is a nanofilled composite bio-tribocorrosion proof?”

We will also be previewing the newest generation of RelyX Unicem cement at the IADR. 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Self-Adhesive Resin Cement, scheduled for introduction later this year, offers an improved resin cement formulation and provides outstanding performance. RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix will be available in the convenient automix syringe and multi-dose delivery systems.

3M ESPE is in the unique position to leverage more than 40 corporate technology platforms and more than 6,500 corporate R&D staff to deliver high quality, innovative products. We’re confident our breadth of technology will be of interest to you as you interact with 3M ESPE staff and review literature published for this event.

In the sections below, please find an update on each of our major product categories. We hope you will enjoy the information, engage our product developers in lively discussion and develop a better understanding of our technologies, products and innovative culture.

Cements and Provisional Products

3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement was the first self-adhesive resin cement and has enjoyed seven years of commercial and clinical success. Given the depth and breadth of studies supporting RelyX Unicem cement, it is now “the most clinically proven self-adhesive resin cement.” The abstracts presented in the coming pages reflect our success, being only a small sampling of the data presented over the last year. We’ve featured clinical investigations and added reports on performance and sealing of margins and in the root canal. Those results are complemented with several studies showing the excellent performance of 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Fiber Posts.

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3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement — the next generation self- adhesive resin cement — is featured with 10 contributions in this Scientific Facts collection and with a dedicated Espertise™ Scientific Facts Booklet. This RelyX Unicem 2 Automix Scientific Facts collection is available to you at our 3M ESPE Hospitality Center. You will also find numerous publications in this book featuring other trusted 3M ESPE cementation materials including 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ ARC Adhesive Resin Cement, 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Luting Plus/2 Cement and 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Veneer Cement.

We have also highlighted our provisional materials, specifically, our 3M™ ESPE™ Protemp™ 4/ Plus Temporization Material which is a bis-acrylic temporary crown and bridge material. This new composite-based temporary material demonstrates the highest fracture resistance available in its category as well as outstanding esthetics including a low discoloration potential. It is indicated for use on implant abutments (see page 12, abstract 0310, CED 2009). 3M™ ESPE™ Stainless Steel Crowns have a longstanding record of clinical success as a preferred treatment option for caries in deciduous teeth or for hypomineralisation which is confirmed in studies herein.

Direct Restorative Products Our portfolio of direct filling materials is featured in many clinical and laboratory investigations. 3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ Silorane Low Shrink Posterior Restorative continues to perform favorably in laboratory investigations measuring polymerization shrinkage stress. Favorable reports also describe its clinical performance up to two years compared to several traditional composite restoratives. The next generation Supreme restorative, 3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ Supreme XTE Universal Restorative, is the focus of both laboratory and clinical investigations. Advances in our nanofiller technology continue to raise the bar of esthetic performance of direct composite filling materials as shown in these studies. In the category of glass ionomer materials, the benefits of a novel, paste/paste unit-dose delivery is described with 3M™ ESPE™ Ketac™ Nano Light-Curing Glass Ionomer Restorative while the atraumatic restorative treatment is investigated using 3M™ ESPE™ Ketac™ Molar and 3M™ ESPE™ Ketac™ Molar Easymix Glass Ionomer Restoratives.

You will also find several in vivo and in vitro reports which study the performance of our 3M ESPE adhesive portfolio. The clinical documentation covers both our total-etch and self-etch adhesives. Of particular interest is the abundance of new studies on the single component 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive. Numerous studies highlight the excellent performance of this adhesive. Additionally, a dedicated new Espertise™ Scientific Facts Booklet is now available that highlights the extensive research that has been conducted for the Adper Easy Bond self-etch adhesive (copies available at the 3M ESPE Hospitality Center).

Impression Materials and Digital Impressions As the worldwide market leader in impression solutions, we provide excellent materials with customer defined handling properties for both our polyether and addition silicone impression materials. We also offer automatic delivery from our new 3M™ ESPE™ Pentamix™ 3 Automatic Mixing Unit which offers reliable, high quality, homogenous mixing. Studies of interest featured in this Espertise™ Scientific Facts Booklet highlight 3M™ ESPE™ Impregum™ Soft Polyether Impression Materials which have been proven to provide a better and more stable flow (even when compared to addition silicones) throughout the material’s working time. These flow characteristics are just one of the reasons for the continued popularity of polyether impression materials. The other notable property is the high initial hydrophilicity

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of unset Impregum Soft which is highlighted in several of this year’s abstracts. Initial hydrophilicity is of utmost importance for precise detail reproduction and accuracy in impression materials. For the addition silicone category, 3M™ ESPE™ Imprint™ 3 and 3M™ ESPE™ Express™ Impression Materials have been shown to have very high tear resistance which is critical in the “thin” areas of an impression, especially in the hard-to-reach sulcus.

Given all of our experience in the impression material we are pleased to publish additional scientific data for the 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Chairside Oral Scanner C.O.S. While digital impressions are still fairly new to the market, more in vivo and in vitro studies are now available to validate anecdotal comments regarding the exceptional fit of restorations made from digital impressions.

Lab and Digital Products 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia has now been commercially available for nearly 10 years. Millions of Lava restorations are produced in over 40 countries worldwide. The excellent clinical performance of Lava Zirconia is proven in more than 10 clinical studies (over 1,500 restorations) with recall rates of up to six years. Lava Zirconia is one of the best investigated ceramic materials and continues to be in the focus of science. In this Scientific Facts issue, you will find data on the excellent translucency and fit of Lava Zirconia as well as a deep dive on veneering of Lava Zirconia including abstracts on our new 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Digital Veneering System DVS. From our chairside CAD/CAM material portfolio both 3M™ ESPE™ Paradigm™ C Glass Ceramic and 3M™ ESPE™ Paradigm™ MZ100 — the unique millable polymer for permanent restorations — are featured. Paradigm C onlays showed very good clinical performance after one year. MZ100 crowns showed superior fatigue resistance compared to glass-ceramic restorations.

Preventive Products 3M ESPE Preventive Care provides dental professional and their patients with innovative and differentiated solutions to help prevent oral disease and improve overall oral health. At this meeting you will find research on our market-leading 3M™ ESPE™ Vanish™ 5% Naf White Varnish and 3M™ ESPE™ Clinpro™ Sealant with color-change technology to help visualize placement. You will also see research on recent innovations such as 3M™ ESPE™ Clinpro™ Tooth Crème and 3M™ ESPE™ Clinpro™ 5000 Anti-Cavity Toothpastes, the only toothpastes to contain the innovative tri-calcium phosphate technology and 3M™ ESPE™ Clinpro™ XT Durable Fluoride-Releasing Coating. Clinpro XT is a versatile, site-specific, durable protective coating that relieves sensitivity due to exposed root surfaces and serves as a site-specific protective coating that protects at-risk tooth surfaces, including white-spot lesions, against decay. Again, you will find research on all of these products at this 2010 IADR meeting. Our goal is to provide practical and ingenious solutions that help you succeed.

At this point, we want to thank and congratulate the renowned universities and scientific institutions for their excellent work which is contained in the abstracts herein.

Sincerely,

Dr. Bettina Richter Head of Global Scientific Marketing Seefeld, Germany

0239AADR 2010

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Imprint™ 3 Quick StepTear Strengths of Dental Impression Elastomers P . MONAGHAN, Sherman Dental Associates of Evanston, LTD, Evanston, IL, M . MILLER, Reality Publishing Company, Houston, TX, and A . BOGHOSIAN, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL .

Marginal tearing of an elastomer reduces the accuracy of the impression.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the tear strength of commonly used elastomeric impression materials.

Methods: Seven materials were tested, Affinis Precious Light Body (Coltene/Whaledent), Aquasil Ultra XLV Fast Set (Caulk), Exafast NDS Injection Fast Set, Exa’lence Extra Light Body Fast Set (GC), Imprint 3 Quick Step Light Body, Impregum Soft Quick Step Light Body (3M ESPE), and Take one Advanced LB Wash Super Fast Set (Kerr). For each material, five axial notch specimens, measuring 4” × 0.75” × 0.0090,” were made in a proprietary stainless steel injection mold. The mold was filled with impression material, sealed, and immediately placed in a water bath at 35°C. At the recommended mouth removal time, the specimens were demolded. The specimens were gripped providing 2” of gage length and then continuously loaded in tension in an Instron testing machine at a crosshead speed of 10”/min until failure. Tear stress data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer HSD tests (p≤0.001).

Results: Tear stress values are given in the following table. Letters (a–e) denote significant statistical differences between the materials.

Impression Material Tear Strength (Psi)

Affinis Precious Light 617 .90±17 .89 a

Aquasil Ultra XLV Fast Set 603 .16±56 .85 a

Imprint 3 Quick Step Light 577 .31±39 .45 a

Exa’lence Extra Light Body Fast Set 478 .78±16 .70 b

Take 1 Advanced LB Super Fast 345 .85±43 .75 c

Exafast NDS Injection Fast Set 240 .52±21 .28 d

Impregum Soft Quick Step Light 183 .73±16 .19 e

Conclusion: Highest tear strengths were found for Affinis Precious Light, Aquasil Ultra XLV Fast Set and Imprint 3 Quick Step Light. Clinical Relevance: Resistance to marginal tearing may be affected by tear strength of elastomeric impression materials.

This research was supported in part by Reality Publishing Company.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To determine the tear strength of commonly used elastomeric impression materials.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Imprint™ 3 Quick Step Light Body Impression Material showed highest tear strengths together with Affinis® Precious Light and Aquasil Ultra XLV Fast Set. Clinical Relevance: Resistance to marginal tearing may be related to the tear strength of elastomeric impression materials.

Text and graphics above refer to branded products offered by various companies . For trademark information, see the back page of this brochure .

Reprinted with permission from the Journal of Dental Research, Vol . 88, Special Issue A, 2009, http://iadr .confex .com/iadr/2009Miami/techprogram/index .html .

Results found in abstracts for Imprint™ 3 Quick Step also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Express™ 2 VPS Impression Material and Express™ XT VPS Impression Material .

Affinis Precious Light

Aquasil Ultra XLV Fast Set

Exa'lence Extra Light Body Fast Set

Take 1 Advanced LV Super Fast

Exafast NDS Injection Fast Set

Impregum Soft Quick Step Light

Imprint 3 Quick Step Light

700600500400300200100

0

Tear Strength

[Psi

]


Reprinted with permission from the Journal of Dental Research, Vol . 88, Special Issue A, 2009, http://iadr .confex .com/iadr/2009Miami/techprogram/index .html .

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0246 AADR 2010

Impregum™ Penta™ Soft and Impregum™Soft Physical and Mechanical Properties of Elastomeric Impression Materials J .M . POWERS, Dental Consultants, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, and R . YAPP, Dental Consultants, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI

Objective: The project evaluated properties of five elastomeric impression materials.

Methods: The elastomeric impression materials tested were: addition silicone (Aquasil Ultra Xtra Medium, AUXM), polyether (Impregum Penta Medium, IPM; Impregum Soft, IS) and silicone-polyether elastomeric (EXA’lence Monophase, EM; Identium Medium-Soft, IMS) regular-setting impression materials. The Shark Fin test (3M ESPE) was measured at 24°C at 25 sec after start of mixing and at the end of the working time. Elastic recovery and strain in compression were determined by ISO 4823. Pants tear energy was determined by methodology of Webber and Ryge. Toughness was determined by ISO 53504. Specimens were tested on an Instron 5866 at crosshead speed of 20 mm/min at 5 min after the start of mixing. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher’s PLSD test at 0.05 level of significance.

Results: Means (n=5) and standard deviations are listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Properties of Impression Materials

Property IPM IS AUXM EM IMS

Shark Finat 25 sec, mm

11 .4(0 .1)* 14 .3(0 .1)a 12 .6(0 .4)b 12 .6(0 .4)b 14 .0(0 .4)a

Shark Finat WT, mm

9 .9(0 .1) 7 .9(0 .4) 2 .1(0 .1)a 2 .1(0 .1)a 6 .0(0 .4)

Strain inCompression, %

2 .7(0 .1) 2 .4(0 .1)a 2 .9(0 .1) 2 .3(0 .1)a 3 .3(0 .1)

ElasticRecovery, %

98 .2(0 .1) 99 .0(0 .1) 99 .5(0 .1) 97 .5(0 .1) 99 .3(0 .1)

Tear Energy,J/m2

1240(80)a 1720(100) 1200(40)a 820(50)b 730(90)b

Toughness,Nmm/mm3

4 .6(0 .5)a 5 .0(0 .5)a 2 .8(0 .4)b 2 .6(0 .2)b 1 .9(0 .6)

*Means (n=5) with standard deviations in parentheses . Means with the same superscripted letters are not different statistically (p=0 .05) .

Conclusions: Shark fin height measured between 25 sec and the end of the working time decreased 13% for IPM, 45% for IS and 57% for IMS, and 83% for AUXM and EM. Strain in compression ranged from 2.3% to 3.3%. Elastic recovery ranged from 97.5% to 99.5%. Tear energy ranged from 730 to 1720 J/m2. Toughness ranged from 1.9 to 5.0 Nmm/mm3.

Acknowledgment: Supported in part by 3M ESPE.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare clinically relevant properties of precision impression materials like flow as a function of working time, tear energy and toughness. The study compares polyether, A-silicone and hybrid precision impression materials.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Impregum™ Penta™ Soft and 3M™ Impregum™ Soft Polyether Impression Materials had high flow initially and highest flow at the end of the working time, high tear energy and highest toughness compared to the addition silicone and silicone-polyether elastomeric impression materials tested.

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Abstracts reprinted with permission from the Journal of Dental Research, Vol . 89, Special Issue B, 2010, http://iadr .confex .com/iadr/2010barce/webprogram/

1236AADR 2010

Impregum™ Soft Light BodyContact Angle Measurement of Seven Unset Impression Materials S . SINGHAL1, G . NATARAJARATHINAM1, P . BECK1, L .C . RAMP1, D . CAKIR2, and J . BURGESS1, 1University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 2University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL

Impression materials’ hydrophilic properties are important to duplicate the details accurately for a better final restoration.

Objective: To measure and compare the contact angle of seven elastomeric impression materials at six time intervals.

Methods: Five elastomeric regular-set and two fast-set impression materials were examined (n=5). Materials were dispensed with an impression gun on a glass-slide (75 × 25 × 1 mm). A standard 2 mm thickness was maintained by sliding a PTFE mold (25 × 22 × 3 mm) on the slide and unset impression material. A drop of artificial saliva (5µl) was dispensed with a micropipette 30 sec (T0) after mixing impression material, from a height of 2 mm from specimen surface. A 2 min video-recording was used to measure contact angles with 10 sec intervals (T1–T5) after T0, using a digital microscope (Keyence/VHX600). Data were analysed using ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey post hoc test (p=0.05).

Results: (Mean contact angle±SD)

Time Take 1 Advance Regular Set/ Kerr

Impregum™ Garant™ Soft Light Body/3M ESPE

Imprint™ 3 Light Body/3M ESPE

EXA’lence™ Extra Light Body Regular Set/GC

Aquasil Ultra XLV Fast Set

Aquasil Ultra Xtra Smart Wetting, Wash Material

Aquasil Ultra Xtra Smart Wetting

DENTSPLY Caulk

T0 102 .7 ±0 .8 65 .0±6 .4 101 .3±1 .3 108 .8±4 .9 107 .3±6 .8 94 .7±1 .9 91 .8±1 .8

T1 44 .8 ±0 .5 6 .0 ±0 .5 6 .8±0 .4 25 .6±1 .0 24 .7±0 .4 49 .2±0 .4 23 .4±0 .5

T2 41 .7 ±0 .7 4 .1±0 .5 5 .6±0 .6 22 .0±0 .9 20 .9±0 .8 47 .4±0 .4 20 .4±0 .3

T3 39 .8 ±0 .1 3 .4 ±0 .5 5 .1±0 .8 20 .0±1 .7 19 .3±0 .7 45 .2±0 .6 18 .6±0 .9

T4 38 .8 ±0 .6 3 .1±0 .3 4 .7±0 .8 18 .5±1 .2 18 .5±0 .7 43 .8±0 .7 17 .7±0 .6

T5 37 .6±0 .6 2 .6±0 .3 4 .3±0 .5 16 .6±1 .0 17 .3±0 .8 42 .4±0 .7 16 .9±0 .6

Significant differences were found between the materials for all time periods (p<.0001). Polyether showed best wetting properties, followed by Hybrid and Addition Impression materials.

Conclusion: While hydrophilicity is an important factor for successful impression materials, other factors including handling properties, flow, tear strength and detail reproduction are also significant and should be considered in material selection.

Supported in part by a grant from GC.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To measure and compare the contact angle of seven elastomeric impression materials (polyethers, A-silicones, and hybrids) in the unset stage at six time intervals using artificial saliva.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Impregum™ Soft Light Body Polyether Impression Material was most hydrophilic at all the time intervals tested. Impregum™ Soft Light Body was the only impression material that showed hydrophilicity (contact angle<90°) at initial contact with the artificial saliva.



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1237AADR 2010

Impregum™ L DuoSoftComparing Initial Hydrophilicity of Four Impression Materials Prior to Setting A . SAMAD-ZADEH, C . DEFURIA, R . PERRY, M . FINKELMAN, and G . KUGEL, Tufts University, Boston, MA

Objective: Examine the initial water contact angles of four unset impression materials to compare their hydrophilic behavior.

Methods: Drop Shape Analysis System DSA10 (Krüss GmbH, Hamburg) was employed to measure the initial contact angles (G. Kugel, JProstodont 2007) of the following impression materials at room temperature at 15 (I), 25 (II), and 45 (III) sec after mixing each product (N=5). Time point I is important; it is the most realistic from a practical standpoint to obtain an impression in a clinical setting, since it is applied directly to the prepared tooth in the oral cavity in a timely fashion.

Impression Material Type

AQAquasil Ultra Xtra Wash

PVSDentsply, #0812191

XLEXA’lence Light Body Regular Set

Hybrid (Vinyl Polyether Silicone -VPES)GC, #081016

IDIdentium Light

Hybrid (Vinylsiloxanether) Kettenbach, #80011

IMImpregum Garant L DuoSoft

Polyether3M ESPE, #369144

After a water drop was placed on the material, the initial contact angle was calculated by video analysis and circle fitting method. In principle, materials with lower contact angles show more hydrophilicity.

Results: Contact angles were statistically analyzed by ONE-WAY ANOVA (p<0.05).

Mean Contact Angle±Std Dev[°]

I II III

AQ 100 .7±5 .7b 99 .0±9 .3bc 95 .7±6 .2c

XL 105 .8±4 .1b 103 .8±1 .8c 108 .9±5 .9d

ID 98 .9±7 .6b 89 .4±9 .5b 27 .8±2 .2a

IM 68 .1±2 .9a 65 .6±1 .7a 68 .3±1 .8b

a, b, c, d indicate ranking based on significant differences of values in each column .(a) has the lowest value . Note: In column II, (bc) is not statistically different from either (b) or (c) .

Conclusions: At time point I, IM showed more hydrophilicity compared to all other materials. Hybrid materials showed as similar hydrophobic characteristics like PVS at time point I. AQ, IM and XL showed relatively constant contact angles at time points I, II and III; however, hydrophilicity of ID increased significantly at time point III. Sponsored in part by 3M ESPE.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To examine the initial water contact angles of four unset impression materials to compare their hydrophilic behavior. A polyether, two hybrids and one A-silicone were investigated.

Results of the study: Fifteen seconds after the start of mix, 3M™ ESPE™ Impregum™ L DuoSoft Polyether Impressive Material was more hydrophilic than all other materials tested. Hybrid materials showed hydrophobic characteristics similar to A-silicones. Aquasil Ultra Xtra wash, Impregum™ L DuoSoft, and EXA’lence™ Light Body Regular Set showed relatively constant contact angles at time points 15, 25 and 45 seconds; however, hydrophilicity of Identium® Light increased significantly at 45 seconds.

.

9



1238AADR 2010

Impregum™ L DuoSoftComparison of Flow Behaviour of Four Impression Materials A . SAMAD-ZADEH, C . DEFURIA, R .D . PERRY, and G . KUGEL, Tufts University, Boston, MA

Objective: To compare the flow behaviour of four impression materials by measuring the flow at the Initial (25 sec) time point and at the manufacturer’s suggested End Working Time (EWT).

Methods: The flow of the following impression materials were measured using a 2 mm slit shark-fin device.

Impression Material Type

AQ Aquasil Ultra Xtra Wash (Dentsply, #0812191) PVS

XL EXA’lence Light Body Regular Set (GC, #081016) Hybrid (Vinyl Polyether Silicone-VPES)

ID Identium Light (Kettenbach, #80011) Hybrid (Vinylsiloxanether)

IM Impregum Garant L DuoSoft (3M ESPE, #369144) Polyether

A standard force due to the inherent weight (148±3g) of the apparatus was applied at 25 sec. Measurements were also done at the end of the EWT to determine the flow of the four different materials (N=5). After thoroughly mixing the material and resting for approximately 10 min, the device was disassembled and the height of the shark fin was measured.

Results: The heights of the shark fins were statistically analysed by ONE-WAY ANOVA with Tukey test (p<0.05).

Initial (25 sec) EWT Percentage

Height±Std Dev[mm] Height±Std Dev[mm] (EWT/25 sec × 100) [%]

AQ 24 .3 ±0 .8a 1 .1±0 .2c 4 .5

XL 11 .5± 0 .6c 1 .8±0 .3c 15 .7

ID 20 .3±1 .6b 11 .3±0 .8b 55 .7

IM 24 .8±0 .7a 19 .8±1 .4a 79 .9

a,b,c Indicate ranking of the materials based on the significant differences of the shark fin heights .

Conclusions: Measurements of the shark-fin heights, 25 analyse sec after mixing were similar for AQ and IM, but XL and ID were significantly lower. The measurements of the heights for the EWT indicated similar values for AQ and XL, but ID and IM had significantly higher values. In addition, polyether retained its flow characteristic to a much better extent compared to those of PVS and Hybrid materials.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the flow behavior of four impression materials by measuring the initial flow at 25 seconds and at the manufacturer’s suggested end of working time. A polyether, two hybrids and one A-silicone were investigated.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Impregum™ L DuoSoft Polyether Impression Material and Aquasil Ultra Xtra Wash showed very high initial flow. At the end of the working time Impregum™ L DuoSoft showed the highest flow. Compared to the orther A-silicone and hybrids tested, Impregum™ L DuoSoft retained its flow characteristic to a much higher extent throughout the working time.



10

1440IADR 2010

Express™ XTTear Strength of Elastomeric Impression MaterialsC .E . SABROSA1, L . MIRAGAYA2, I . GUIMARAES3, L . VASCONCELOS1, and M .F .D . GOES3, 1Universidade Do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

Tearing in the impression usually causes defects on the final restoration. Therefore, it is necessary for impression materials to have maximum tear strength at the time of removal.

Objectives: To measure and to compare the tear strength of different elastomeric impression materials.

Methods: Tear strength specimens were prepared of six condensation silicone (C-silicone) materials: (1) Clonage-DFL; (2) Speedex-Vigodent; (3) Perfil-Vigodent; (4) Oranwash-Zhermack; (5) Xantopren VL-HeraeusKulzer; (6) Coltex-Vigodent; and six addition silicone(VPS) materials: (7) AquasilLV-Dentsply; (8) AquasilXLV-Dentsply; (9) Express-3M ESPE; (10) Express XT-3M ESPE; (11) FuturaAD-DFL; (12) EliteHD-Zhermack using a hourglass mold (100 × 4 × 2 mm). Ten specimens were made for each material tested by dispensing impression material into the mold. The specimens were fabricated at 24°C and immediately placed into a water bath at 35±2°C for the manufacturer’s set time. After setting, the mold was removed from the water, and the specimen was removed from the mold, trimming the excess material from the edges. The specimens were then loaded in tension until failure using an Instron testing device with a crosshead speed of 200 mm/min. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p≤0.05).

Results: Mean MPa (S.D): 1-0.85(0.1); 2-1.88(0.22); 3-1.67(0.32); 4-0.85(0.09); 5-1.35(0.17); 6-0.69(0.05); 7-4.59(0.18); 8-3.14(0.22); 9-1.35(0.15); 10-3.56(0.29); 11-1.65(0.05); 12-1.51(0.13). Between the C-silicones, groups 2 and 3 presented the statistically (p<0.05) higher results. Comparing these two groups to VPS, there was no statistical difference from them to the groups 9, 11 and 12, which presented the lower data from VPS. The groups 7, 8 and 10 presented the higher results of the experiment.

Conclusions: There is a huge variation on the tear resistance even between the same classes of material. Therefore, although the best results have been obtained by AquasilLV, AquasilXLV and Express XT we can’t assert that VPS materials are always more resistant to tear then than others.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To determine the tear strength of commonly used elastomeric impression materials.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Express™ XT showed highest tear strength together with Aquasil Ultra LV and Aquasil Ultra XLV. Clinical Relevance: Resistance to marginal tearing may be related to the tear strength of elastomeric impression materials.

Aquasil LV Aquasil XLV Clonage Speedex Perfil Oranwash Xantopren VL Coltex Express Futura AD Elite HD Express XT

5

4

3

2

1

0

[MPa

]

Tear Strength

11



0305CED 2009

Express™ 2 Light BodyToughness of Impression Materials P . OSSWALD, H . HOFFMANN, J . ZECH, and T . KLETTKE, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: High toughness (tear energy) of an impression material during mouth removal is advantageous in order to withstand tearing in thin interproximal areas and in the depth of the gingival sulcus, thus, being a clinical success factor. The parameter toughness is directly related to the tensile force and elongation. The goal of this study was to compare the toughness of different Wash impression materials in a tensile-test experiment.

Methods: The following materials were compared: Affinis Precious Light (AF, Coltene), Colorise LB Fast Set (CL, Zhermack), Flexitime Correct Flow (FC, Heraeus Kulzer), Identium Light (IL, Kettenbach), Panasil Initial Contact light (PIC, Kettenbach) and Express 2 Light Body Standard (EX, 3M ESPE). To determine the tear parameters N I-shaped specimens with a central unit of 20 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm were produced for each material. After setting at 35°C in a water bath according to the manufacturer’s instruction for use, the data were evaluated using a Zwick Z020 machine and TestXpert 8.1 software.

Results: Mean values and standard deviations are given below. One-way ANOVA (p<0,05) and Tukey tests confirmed significant differences except for groups indicated by asterisks.

Material AF CL FC IL PIC EX

N 11 11 10 10 10 10

Tensile Strength [MPa] 3 .16 (0 .25) 1,56 (0 .09) 2,33 (0 .27)* 1 .87 (0 .15) 2,55 (0 .13)* 4,82 (0 .27)

Elongation at break [%] 340 (19) 233 (25)* ** 402 (53) 264 (38)* 216 (13)** 269 (38)*

Toughness[mJ] 970 (130)** 450 (80)* 970 (250)** 610 (140)* 560 (70)* 1180 (130)

Conclusion: EX showed significantly higher toughness at mouth removal than all other impression materials investigated in this study.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To determine the toughness (tear energy) of an impression material during mouth removal. High toughness is an important clinical success factor because it is an indicator that a material is able to withstand tearing in thin interproximal areas and in the depth of the gingival sulcus.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Express™ 2 Light Body Impression Material showed significantly higher toughness at mouth removal than all other impression materials investigated in this study.


Colorise LB Fast Set

Flexitime Correct Flow

Identium Light

Panasil Initial Contact Light

Express 2 Light Body Standard

6

4

2

0

Tensile Strength




Identium Light



140012001000800600200

0

Toughness




Identium Light



500

400

300

200

100

0

Elongation at Break

[MPa

]

[mJ]

[%]



12

Results found in abstracts for Protemp™ 4 Temporization Material also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Protemp™ Plus Temporization Material .

0310CED 2009

Protemp™ 4 Temporization MaterialFracture Resistance of Temporary Restorations on Tooth/Implants S . PALECZEK, M . ROSENTRITT, R . LANG, and G . HANDEL, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of combined tooth-implant or implant-implant supported three-unit provisional restorations in vitro in a two-year simulation.

Methods: Two situations were simulated: a) tooth-implant: molars were embedded in a PMMA resin (Palapress Vario, Kulzer, Wehrheim, G) and fixed at a distance of 10 mm to dental exercise implants (ITI-Straumann,Titanium), simulating a combined three-unit tooth-implant supported oral situation with one missing molar tooth. The roots of the teeth were covered with a 1 mm thick layer of a polyether impression material (Impregum, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, G) to simulate the function of the periodontium. Implants were fixed rigidly without polyether. b) implant-implant: two implants were fixed rigidly in a distance of 10 mm without polyether.

Identical three-unit FPDs (n=8) of provisional fixed partial denture materials (VITA CAD-Temp (VITA) and Protemp™ 4 (3M ESPE) were fabricated and luted with the temporary luting cement RelyX Temp NE (3M ESPE). The restorations were stored for 14 days in distilled water, thermally cycled and mechanically loaded (TCML) in an artificial oral environment (TC:5°/55°C, 1200X), ML:240000 × 50N/1.6Hz). After TCML, the FPDs were loaded to fracture at the center of each pontic (steel ball, d=12.5 mm, v=1 mm/min; Zwick 1446, Ulm, G). The fracture pattern was characterized and medians (25/75%) were calculated (Mann-Whitney-U-Test; a=0.05).

Results: In group a) two FPDs of Protemp™ 4 failed during TCML. Median Fracture resistance of surviving bridges (1308N) was not significantly different from VITA CAD-Temp (1539N). In group b) three VITA CAD-Temp FPDs failed during TCML. The remaining FPDs provided significantly lower (958N) fracture resistance values compared to Protemp™ 4 (1766N, p=0.019).

Conclusion: After TCML both tested materials showed fracture resistance higher than 960 N. Both materials could be sufficient for a short to medium-term clinical application for implants with some limitations, due to the appearing fractures.

This study was supported by 3M ESPE.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate whether 3M™ ESPE™ Protemp™ 4 Temporization Material is suitable for placement in implant restorations in an in vitro mastication simulation model.

Results of the study: In this in vitro test, which included three unit bridges undergoing chewing simulation for a simulated period of one year, Protemp™ 4 Temporization Material had fewer fractures than the benchmark product VITA CAD Temp. Median remaining fracture forces after the chewing simulation were 1308 N for the implant-tooth construction and 1766 N for the implant-implant construction. These results are encouraging when considering the clinical application of Protemp™ 4 Temporization Material on implant abutments.

13



1062AADR 2009

3M™ ESPE™ Stainless Steel CrownsComparative Anatomy of Stainless Steel Crowns R . DELONG1, M . PINTADO2, A . FOK1, and W . DOUGLAS1, 1University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 2Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomat & Biomechanics, Minneapolis, MN

3D imaging changed comparative anatomy to a quantitative science. Crown vertical walls are important in food shedding, contact point location, and gingival health. These controlling anatomic factors can be measured and compared using 3D imaging.

Objective: Identify functional differences between sets of preformed stainless steel crowns.

Methods: Eight stainless steel crown forms from two manufacturers: 3M ESPE (Set 1) and Acero (Set 2), were lightly sandblasted, digitally scanned, and aligned using the crown occlusal surfaces and Cumulus software (University of Minnesota). The following comparisons were made: crown width to margin width ratio (CWMWR); height of contour location relative to margin (HC); horizontal distance from margin crest/cusp tip to height of contour (HD); and angles from height of contour to marginal ridge/cusp tip (AHC) or the crown margin (ACM). Differences tested statistically using paired t-tests.

Results: Mean values over the eight forms±standard deviations are provided in the table. Set 1 HC values were 0.5 mm higher above the crown margin and closer to the marginal ridge crest. Set 2 Mesial-distal HD values were 0.2 mm larger; buccal-lingual values were not significantly different. Set 1 buccal-lingual ACM angles were significantly larger; mesial-distal values were not significantly different. Only mesial AHC angles were significantly different.

Parameter Set 1 Set 2

Buccal Lingual Mesial Distal Buccal Lingual Mesial Distal

CWMWR 1 .07±0 .01 1 .04±0 .02 1 .03±0 .02* 1 .04±0 .02

HC (mm) 1 .3±0 .4 2 .0±0 .4 2 .0±0 .3 1 .9±0 .5 0 .9±0 .6* 1 .4±0 .5** 1 .2±0 .4*** 1 .6±0 .5*

HD (mm) 2 .3±0 .5 2 .0±0 .6 1 .0±0 .1 1 .2±0 .4 2 .3±0 .4 1 .9±0 .6 1 .2±0 .1*** 1 .4±0 .4*

AHC (degrees) 29±3 32±7 27±4 28±8 28±3 29±5 24±3* 29±5

ACM (degrees) 10±6 10±2 5±2 5±2 4±4** 6±4* 7±2 7±3

*p<0 .05; **p<0 .01; ***p<0 .001

Conclusions: Functional parameters of the 3M ESPE and Acero crown sets were significantly different at the same anatomical locations across the eight crown forms.

Supported by the Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To determine the differences in anatomical contours of three different stainless steel crowns for children (Acero, Shinhung, 3M ESPE) and relate those differences to crown fit and function

Note: The analysis of Kids crown by Shinhung was added and performed after submission of the abstract . Therefore the results on Kids crown are included in the presented poster and the summary, but not in the abstract .

Results of the study: For the eight crown shapes tested in this study, it can be stated that;

1. Upper “d” Kids crown had a distinctly different shape than corresponding 3M™ ESPE™ Stainless Steel Crowns and Acero crowns

2. Significant differences in anatomy between the sets of crowns were found that could affect the function like food shedding and fit:

a) 3M ESPE crowns have a greater curvature on the buccal and lingual surfaces than Acero and Kids Crowns

b) Interproximal contacts of the 3M crowns were about 0.5 mm higher than those of Acero crowns.Both the greater curvature (bellshape) and the higher interproximal contact points of 3M ESPE stainless steel crowns contribute to good fit (“snap on”) and reduced food shedding.



14

4732IADR 2010

3M™ ESPE™ Stainless Steel CrownsTherapeutic Alternatives in Children With Molar Incisor Hipomineralisation A .M . BIONDI, S . CORTESE, and A . ORTOLANI, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Objective: To compare therapeutic needs and chosen alternative options of dental treatments in children with and without Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH).

Methods: The design was a cross-sectional retrospective study, performed in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the School of Dentistry of the University of Buenos Aires in the period between 2007 and 2009. The sample comprised 93 children with MIH, (54.83% female, average age: 9.7 years DS: 1.5), and as control group, 93 children without MIH of matching age and gender, coming from the same service. Both groups received an educational/preventive approach. Treatments options chosen by three calibrated operators were: sealant fissures; 2.26% sodium fluoride varnish; triple curing resin-modified glass ionomers, composite resins (single bottle system with previous enamel conditioning), and stainless steel crowns restorations; pulp treatments and extractions. Data from dental records were entered into a database for their analysis using Odds Ratio (95% CI), confidence bands and Fisher Exact Test (p<0.05).

Results: In MIH Group 68.01% of molars were affected, 28.85% showed hypersensitivity and 76.28% required professional intervention. In the control group, only 18.52% were treated. OR: 14.12 (9.56–20.86). (See treatments chosen by the operators in Table).

Conclusions: MIH appears to be a risk factor in increasing molar treatment needs in patients with preventive measures, including extractions at an early age, being stainless steel crowns the restorative treatment of election.

MIH Group Without MIH Group p=

Sealants 26 .9%21 .5–32 .8

11 .38 .25–15 0 .000

Steel crowns 17 .813 .3–23 .1

0 .5%0 .06–1 .9 0 .000

Composite resins 12 .25%8 .5–17

6 .72%4 .4–9 .8 0 .0255

FNa varnish 9 .5%6 .2–13 .8

Resin-modified glass ionomers

8 .3%5 .2–12 .4

Extractions 1 .58%0 .4–4

Pulp Treatments 1 .2%0 .2–3 .4

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the needs and clinical treatment options for children with and without Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH).

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Stainless Steel Crowns are the preferred treatment option for children with MIH.

15



0103CED 2009

RelyX™ Fiber PostInfluence of Lengths on the Retention of Fiber Posts D . KLEIN, T . GALOSI, F . BEUER, and D . EDELHOFF, Department of Prosthodontics, Ludwig Maximilian University, München, Germany

Objectives: This in vitro study was conducted to ascertain which anchorage length of glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts (Rely X Fiberpost (3M ESPE)) creates the optimum post retention.

Methods: Thirty extracted human maxillary canines were selected according to defined inclusion criteria and were randomly allocated into three groups (n=10). Clinical crowns of the canines were removed with a diamond saw and remaining roots received root canal fillings. Post preparations were conducted with different lengths according to group A (6 mm), group B (8 mm) and group C (10 mm) utilizing correspondent bur system. FRC-posts (size 2) were adhesively placed with Rely X UniCem (3M ESPE) following manufacture’s guidelines. Finally specimens were embedded in epoxy resin. Retention forces (N) were determined by a pull-out-test conducted by a universal testing machine (Zwick Z007, Ulm, Germany).

Results: Given in [N] as mean, maximum and minimum, values (SD): Predominantly adhesive failures were detected at the cement/post interface. ANOVA showed significant (p<0.05) differences among the pull-out-values depending on post length. Post-Hoc-Test indicated statistic differences between group A and C, as well as group B and C.

GROUP/ post length mean (SD) max min

A/ 6 mm 123 (35) 193 83

B/ 8 mm 163 (58) 245 84

C/ 10 mm 254 (44) 311 177

Conclusion: Anchorage length plays an important role for FRC-post retention, even associated with adhesive placement. Increase of retention forces was almost proportional to the length of the post.

This study was supported by 3M ESPE (Seefeld, Germany).

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the influence of insertion depth into the root canal of an adhesively bonded fiber post on retention.

Results of the study: The retention force increased with insertion depth (from 6 mm to 10 mm) for the 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Fiber Post. Therefore, care should be taken in clinical settings to ensure sufficient insertion depth when placing and cementing fiber reinforced composite posts.



16

3927IADR 2010

RelyX™ Fiber PostPush-Out Bond Strengths of Fiber-Reinforced Posts Luted Different Adhesive Strategies U . ERDEMIR1, E . MUMCU2, F . TOPCU3, E . YILDIZ1, K . YAMANEL4, and M . AKYOL5, 1University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey, 2Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, 3Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey, 4Baskent University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey, 5Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey

Objectives: To evaluate the push-out bond strengths of carbon and glass fiber posts adhesively luted with Panavia F 2.0 and RelyX Unicem luting cements, as well as a modified application procedure using RelyX Unicem cement in combination with a single-bottle total-etch adhesive in three segments of teeth.

Methods: Sixty single-rooted human maxillary central incisor and canine teeth were sectioned below the cemento-enamel junction, and the roots were endodontically treated. Following standardized post space preparations, the roots were divided into two fiber-post groups (RelyX Fiber Post and Carbopost), and further divided into three subgroups of 10 specimens each for the adhesive strategies; self-etching luting cement (Panavia F 2.0; [PAN]) and self-adhesive luting cement (RelyX Unicem; [RU]). For self-adhesive luting cement, modified application procedure in combination with a single-bottle total-etch adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2; [SB]) was also tested. Bonded specimens were cut (1-mm-thick sections) and push-out tests were performed (crosshead-speed, 0.5 mm/min). The data were analyzed with multi-variate ANOVA (á=0.05). Fracture modes were evaluated using a stereomicroscope at original magnification 40X. The morphology of interface between different adhesive strategies from the cervical sections were analyzed with SEM.

Results: In all root sections, the push-out strength values of glass fiber posts were significantly higher than that of carbon fiber posts (p<0.05). The highest bond strength values were found in the cervical third and the lowest in the apical third. Moreover, the bond strength values were higher for PAN and RU luting cements, and lower for the modified application procedure (SB+RU) in all root sections. Adhesive failure between dentin and cement were the most frequent type of failure.

Conclusions: In all root segments, the glass fiber-reinforced posts provided significantly increased post retention than the carbon fiber-reinforced posts, regardless of the luting strategy used.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Fiber Post (glass fiber reinforced composite post) to a carbon fiber post when cemented into the root canal with either a traditional multi-step resin cement or 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement.

Results of the study: RelyX Fiber Post provided significantly increased retention compared to the carbon fiber post. The adhesion of RelyX Unicem cement was not increased when a bonding agent was added to the root canal (which is not recommended by the manufacturer).



17

Results found in abstracts for RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement also apply to products registered under the following name(s): RelyX™ U100 Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement .

0094CED 2009

RelyX™ Unicem Cement RelyX™ Fiber PostSurvival of Self-Adhesively Placed Glass-Fibre Posts: Preliminary Results M . NAUMANN1, A . FRANKE1, and G . STERZENBACH2, 1University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, 2Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Objective: To evaluate the clinical survival rate of glass fibre reinforced endodontic posts. All posts were adhesively placed with the respective self-adhesive resin cement recommended by the manufacturer.

Methods: After informed consent, 40 patients (25 male; 15 female; age: 55 yr; SD 15 yr) meeting the selection criteria with a treatment need of postendodontic restoration received glass fibre posts (RelyX FiberPosts, 3M ESPE). Only teeth with two or less remaining cavity walls were included. All posts had a diameter of 1.2 mm and a minimum length within the root canal of 8 mm. Posts were cemented with self-adhesive universal resin cement (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE). Composite core build-ups (Clearfil Core, Kuraray) were placed. A circumferential ferrule of 2 mm was always prepared. In 15 cases a surgical crown lengthening procedure was performed. Patients were observed at 3, 6, 12 mos after post placement. For some patients the two-year recall could be performed.

Results: The mean time of observation was 13.2 mo (5.3 mo). Thirteen front teeth (33%), 24 premolars (60%) and three molars (7%) were treated. In most cases (n=23; 58%) teeth were abutments in a complete dental arch with two proximal contact points. Only two teeth were single standing abutment teeth (5%). More than half of all restored teeth received single cast crowns (n=25, 63%), while in 11 (27%) fixed partial dentures and four (10%) combined fixed-removable partial dentures were placed. In six patients (15%) there were no signs or symptoms of abrasion recorded. Twenty patients (50%) showed a degree I, 11 (28%) and 3 (7%) a degree of II and III, respectively. Two teeth showed recurrent periapical lesions. One patient was lost to follow-up.

Conclusion: The evaluated self-adhesively luted glass fibre posts may have similarly low failure rates as other glass fibe post systems if a 2 mm ferrule is provided.

3M Summary

Aim of the study: To assess the clinical performance of 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Fiber Post adhesively cemented into root canals using 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement and the product’s specialized endodontic elongation tip.

Results of the study: After more than a year of clinical service (mean observation time) the authors observed no cement or post-related failures and expect state-of-the-art clinical performance in the future.

Clinical example of single-crown restoration of premolar (#24) with one remaining cavity wall within study .



18


1339AADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem CementOne Year in Vivo Marginal Quality of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement C . AZEVEDO, State University of Campinas - Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil, and M . DE GOES, University of Campinas State - Piracicaba, Piracicaba SP, Brazil

Objectives: The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the effect of enamel etching on the marginal quality of indirect composite resin restorations using the self-adhesive cement RelyX Unicem clicker.

Methods: Forty-two posterior teeth were selected from 25 patients that presented one or two teeth with large restorations in need of replacement. The teeth were prepared for indirect restorations, molded with polyvinylsiloxane and protected with interim restorations. The composite resin restorations were built over plaster casts using the incremental technique. After one week, patients returned so that indirect restorations could be cemented. Teeth were isolated with rubber dams and the restorations were luted according to one of the following protocols: Etched group-selective enamel-etching+self-adhesive cement; Non-etched group-self-adhesive cement alone. The restorations were kept under finger-pressure for two minutes while removing excess cement. Each face was then light-cured for 60 sec. Recalls occurred after one week (baseline) and 12 months when the teeth were photographed and molded. Epoxy resin replicas were examined by SEM at X18 to X200. The marginal quality characters investigated were: continuity, overfilling, underfilling, marginal opening, restoration margin fracture and enamel margin fracture. Both enamel/cement and restoration/cement interfaces were analyzed separately. The results were expressed as percentage of the total observable marginal length for each parameter. Data were submited to non-parametric tests, Mann-Whitney for comparing groups and Wilcoxon for time (p<0.05).

Results: No statistical difference was found between groups with an exception for the ‘restoration margin fracture’ quality for the non-etched group. Time degraded somewhat the restorations margins with underfilling being the more frequent find.

Conclusions: We concluded that enamel-etching had no clinical relevance on marginal quality for indirect composite resin restorations luted with RelyX Unicem clicker cement during 12 months.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: This in vivo study compared the clinical performance of 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement when used as recommended by the manufacturer or when using a selective enamel etching step, for luting indirect composite restorations.

Results of the study: After one year of clinical service the authors observed good performance and no clinically relevant effect of the additional enamel etching.

19




3723IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem CementPost-Operative Sensitivity of Bridges When Cemented With Self-Adhesive Resin Cements D .E .-D . SAAD1, O . ATTA1, and O . EL-MOWAFY2, 1Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, 2University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Objective: This study determined post-cementation sensitivity of self-adhesive resin cements used to cement fixed partial dentures (FPDs) and compared it with that of resin cement that used total-etch.

Methods: Twenty patients who needed posterior porcelain-fused-to-metal FPDs were recruited. Caries- and restoration-free abutments were prepared following standard techniques. Fifty abutments were prepared in all patients by one operator. Impression-taking followed and prostheses were fabricated in one laboratory. Eleven FPDs with 22 retainers were cemented with Breeze cement (BRZ) (self-adhesive resin cement), nine with 18 retainers with Rely-X Unicem (RXU) (self-adhesive resin cement) and six with 12 retainers with Rely-X ARC (ARC) (etch-and-rinse resin cement). Sensitivity to cold (air and water) and biting was measured pre-operatively and post-operatively at 24 hrs, 2, 6 and 12 wks using a continuous visual analogue scale (VAS). Data were statistically-analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test P<.05.

Results: For cold tests (air and water) highest postoperative sensitivity was found 24 hrs post-cementation. ARC had VAS values that were significantly higher that those found with BRZ and RXU (p<001) at all test intervals. BRZ and RXU had VAS values to cold that were not significantly different (p>.05). For all cements, sensitivity to cold decreased significantly after 2 to 6 wks, however, with ARC VAS values stayed above 30% even after 12 wks. ARC had sensitivity to biting that was significantly higher than BRZ and RXU (p<.001) and remained above 20% level even after 12 wks. BRZ had no sensitivity to biting while RXU had value less than 5% at 24 hrs only.

Conclusions: The use of two self-adhesive resin cements (BRZ, RXU) with FPDs resulted in post-operative sensitivity that was significantly lower than that obtained with an etch-and-rinse cement (ARC). With BRZ and RXU post-operative sensitivity disappeared after 2 to 6 wks while it remained with ARC even after 12 wks.

Acknowledgments: 3M/ESPE, Synca.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the incidence of post-operative sensitivity for restorations cemented with 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement and one traditional etch-and-rinse resin cement.

Results of the study: The use of RelyX Unicem cement and Breeze® self-adhesive resin cements resulted in significantly lower levels of post-operative sensitivity.



20


1302IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem CementEvaluation of Procera Alumina Bridge in Anterior Regions: Preliminary Report M . FRADEANI, Studio di Odontoiatria Specialistica, Pesaro, Italy, and G . FABBRI, Studio Odontoiatrico Specialistico, Cattolica, Italy

Objective: The aim of this prospective clinical study was to investigate the clinical performance of Procera Alumina three (3-UB) and four (4-UB) unit bridges, placed in the frontal-lateral areas of the mouth on both natural and implant abutments.

Method: Between 2005 and 2010, 12 Procera Alumina bridges were placed in 12 adult patients with good periodontal conditions. Seven supported by natural abutment and five by Zirconia abutment. Two restorations (a, 3-UB and a, 4-UB) were placed in the mandible and 10 restorations (three, 4-UBs and seven, 3-UBs) were placed in the maxilla. The opposing dentition consisted of natural teeth or ceramic material. Panavia 21 TC (Kuraray) Unicem (3M/ESPE) and Multilink Automix (Ivoclar, Vivadent) were used for the cementation. The internal surfaces were air-abraded with 50 µm aluminum oxide particles or silica coated with the Rocatec system (3M/ESPE), and silanated (Ceramic Primer, 3M/ESPE) prior to cementation. All patients were evaluated 3, 6 and 12 mo after the cementation. Additionally, patients were recalled in 2010 for a clinical assessment: color match, porcelain surface, marginal discoloration, and marginal integrity were clinically examined following modified CDA/Ryge criteria. The survival rate was calculated using Kaplan-Meier life table analysis, taking into account any complications that required a remake of the bridge.

Results: The survival rate was 100% at one year. The longest period of observation was four years and no complications were observed. During the observation period chipping occurred on two bridges after six months. These restorations were smoothed, finished and not considered failed.

Conclusion: Although limited by the number of patients treated and the short follow up these one- year results encourage the use of Procera AllCeram bridges as a reliable solution for treatment of the anterior areas.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: This practice-based clinical observation evaluated the self-adhesive resin cement 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem and two traditional multi-step resin cements when adhesively luting Procera® alumina bridges.

Results of the study: According to modified Ryge criteria, 100% survival was observed at the one-year recall. After up to four years, no cement-related complications were observed.

21




2909IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem CementAdhesion of Loaded Indirect Restorations Luted With Self-Adhesive Cements T . INUKAI1, T . ABE1, Y . ITO1, R . WILSON2, P . PILECKI2, T .F . WATSON2, and R .M . FOXTON2, 1Aichigakuin University, Nagoya, Japan, 2King’s College London, London, England, United Kingdom

Objectives: To investigate the effect of loading on the microtensile bond strength and microleakage of MOD indirect composite restorations bonded with self-adhesive and adhesive resin cements with or without acid-etching of the proximal enamel margins.

Methods: Class II MOD cavities were prepared in dentine in 48 molar teeth and divided into three groups of 16 teeth. Impressions were taken and indirect composite inlays fabricated (Estenia, Kuraray). Enamel margins of the proximal boxes of half the specimens were phosphoric acid-etched. Inlays were cemented with one of three cements (Panavia 2.0, SA Cement or RelyX Unicem). After luting, eight teeth in each cement group were mechanically loaded at 2.5 cycles/second for 250,000 cycles. Unloaded teeth acted as controls. Teeth were stored in rhodamine solution for 24 hrs, sectioned bucco-lingually at the proximal boxes to examine microleakage using confocal microscopy and further sectioned for microtensile bond strength testing of the resin-dentine interface. ANOVA was performed to assess the effect of loading and acid-etching on microleakage and bond strength.

Results: Acid-etching had no effect on microleakage. No significant difference in dentine bond strengths between the three cements existed after loading. Panavia exhibited a significant reduction in bond strength. With regard to microleakage at the proximal boxes, loading had no effect on microleakage at the cavity floor. However, at the axial walls, loading had a significant deleterious effect on Panavia. No difference in microleakage existed between the three cements at both sites before and after loading.

Conclusion: The two tested self-adhesive cements exhibited similar bond strengths and microleakage to the tested adhesive resin cement. Prior acid-etching of the enamel margins is not indicated.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement, a second self-adhesive cement and a traditional multi-step adhesive resin cement (Panavia™ F2.0) when luting indirect composite MOD restorations.

Results of the study: Dye penetration (microleakage) and microtensile analysis showed that after artificial aging all materials showed comparable results.



22


0687IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem CementClinical Evaluation of CAD/CAM-Generated Ceramic Onlays D . FASBINDER, J . DENNISON, and D . HEYS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Objective: This randomized, longitudinal clinical trial studied the clinical performance of a leucite-reinforced porcelain (Paradigm C; 3M/ESPE) and a feldspathic porcelain (Vita Mark II; Vident) for chair-side CAD/CAM-generated onlays cemented with a self-etching, self-adhesive resin cement.

Methods: One clinician placed 62 onlays (31 Paradigm C=PC and 31 Vita Mark II=VM) in 39 molars and 23 bicuspids for 43 patients. The onlay preparation extended at least one-half the intercuspal distance and at least one cusp was not covered with the onlay. The preparation had a minimum of 1.5 mm occlusal reduction, 1.2 mm axial reduction, and rounded shoulder margins. A CEREC three unit (Sirona Dental) was used to fabricate the CAD/CAM onlays chair-side. The onlays were etched internally with 4.9% HF acid, silanated, and then cemented with a self-etching, self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem; 3M/ESPE).

Results: Tooth sensitivity was evaluated by report to cold stimulus (number of teeth): one week: PC (1), VM (1); two weeks: PC (0), VM (1) with no sensitivity reported in either group after three weeks through one year. The crowns were evaluated by two examiners using a modified USPHS rating. The percentage alpha scores (baseline, 6 mo, 1 yr) were: margin adaptation - PC (100, 100, 97), VM (100, 100, 100); margin discoloration - PC (100, 100, 100), VM (100, 97, 97). The percentage of alpha scores for color match, anatomic form, surface finish, cusp/tooth fracture, caries, and onlay fracture were 100% for both materials at all recall intervals. Two-year recall results will be presented as well. One PC onlay debonded at 6 mo and another PC onlay required endodontic treatment at 18 mo.

Conclusions: The leucite-reinforced and feldspathic onlays have performed similarly well with a self-etching, self-adhesive cement at one year.

This study was supported by a grant from 3M/ESPE.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical performance of 3M™ ESPE™ Paradigm™ C Ceramic Block and Vita Mark 2 ceramic onlays adhesively cemented with the self-adhesive resin cement 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement.

Results of the study: According to modified USPHS criteria, the self-adhesive resin cement performed well with only two transient cases of sensitivity and a 97% success rate.

23




3932IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem CementBond Strength of Fiber Posts After Thermo-Mechanical Loading K . BITTER1, J . PERDIGAO2, M . EXNER1, K . NEUMANN3, and A .M . KIELBASSA1, 1Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CharitéCentrum3, Dept . of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Berlin, Germany, 2University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 3Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CharitéCentrum 4, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany

Objectives: The aim was to investigate the effect of thermo-mechanical loading (TML) on bond strength of glass fiber posts luted with three different resin cements.

Methods: Sixty extracted human anterior teeth were endodontically-treated, sectioned at the cemento-enamel junction, and restored with fiber posts (RelyX Fiber Posts; 3M ESPE) using three commercially available resin cements as well as three corresponding core build-up materials (n=20): Panavia F 2.0/Clearfil DC Core Automix (Kuraray), Variolink II/Multicore Flow (Ivoclar Vivadent), or RelyX Unicem/Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE). Ten specimens of each group received all-ceramic crowns, and were subjected to TML for 1.2 million masticatory (force 50 N) and 5.000 thermal cycles (5°C/55°C; 2 min each cycle), while the other 10 specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 24 hrs to allow for complete polymerization. The roots were sectioned into four slices (1 mm thick), and bond strength was measured using push-out tests.

Results: Bond strength of fiber posts was significantly affected by the type of resin cement (p<0.0005), and by TML (p<0.0005; 2-way ANOVA). TML significantly reduced mean bond strength (SD) for all materials [6.0 (6.2) MPa] compared to bond strength before TML [14.9 (10.4) MPa]. RelyX Unicem revealed significantly higher bond strength before [18.3 (10.3) MPa] and after TML [9.8 (7.5) MPa] compared to Panavia F before [13.2 (9.5) MPa] and after TML [3.5 (2.8) MPa] as well as Variolink II before [13.2 (10.6) MPa] and after TML [4.8 (5.5) MPa] (p<0.0005; Tukey HSD).

Conclusion: The decrease in bond strength after TML indicates that retention of fiber posts inside the root canal may be reduced after clinical function. Therefore, endodontically treated teeth that are restored using fiber posts should be stabilized by the coronal restoration (i. e. ferrule preparation or adhesive restoration).

Bond Strength Before and After TML

3M EPSE Summary

Aim of the study: The authors investigated the performance of 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement and two traditional multi-step resins when luting a fiber post (3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Fiber Post) under a full clinical build-up including ceramic crown.

Results of the study: RelyX Unicem cement showed the highest bond strength both before and after artificial aging when compared to Variolink® II and Panavia™ F 2.0 systems.

30

20

10

0

[MPa

]

before TMLafter TML

Panavia F2.0 Variolink II RelyX Unicem



24

Results found in abstracts for RelyX™ U100 Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement also apply to products registered under the following names(s): RelyX™ Unicem Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement .

4486IADR 2010

RelyX™ U100 CementOperator and Cementation System Affect Bond Strength of Fiber Posts G .M . GOMES1, O .M .M . GOMES2, J .C . GOMES1, G .C . MARTINS1, A . REIS2, A . LOGUERCIO2, F .A . SANTOS2, and A .L . CALIXTO2, 1Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil, 2Universidade Estadual De Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of the operator skill and resin cement system on the bond strength (BS) of fiber post to radicular dentin.

Methods: The roots of 48 extracted human upper central incisors were treated endodontically. After one week, standardized post space cavities were prepared and the roots randomly divided into two groups (n=24), according to the operator skill: professional (CD) vs. academic (AC). The roots were subdivided into three subgroups (n=8) according to the cementation system: CD1 and AC1 (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose [SBMP] + RelyX ARC [ARC]), CD2 and AC2 (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB] + ARC) and CD3 and AC3 (RelyX U100 [U100]). The glass fiber post (Tenax Fiber Trans Esthetic Post System) was cemented following the manufacturer’s instructions of each cementation system. After water storage at 37°C for one week, each root was sectioned transversely into six 1-mm thick discs and the push-out test carried out at 0.5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (5%).

Results: The mean BS values and standard deviations (MPa) of each subgroup were: CD1: 12.83±7.26; CD2: 11.46±4.22; CD3: 14.27±6.59; AC1: 9.70±4.37; AC2: 8.02±5.25 and AC3: 13.40±4.93. The BS of the CD and AC groups were 12.85±6.18 and 10.37±5.30, respectively. The mean and SD for the cementation systems were: SBMP + ARC: 11.27±6.13; SB + ARC: 9.74±5.03 and U100: 13.83±5.77. The highest BS means were obtained for CD group (p=0.004); no significant differences were detected among the three cementation systems for CD group (p=0.294); U100 cement reached statistically higher BS than the other cementation systems for AC group (p=0.001). The resin cement U100 was statistically higher than the other materials (p=0.0010) regardless the operator skill.

Conclusion: The bond strength to the root canal is significantly affected by the operator skill and cementation system.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the influence of operator skill on the adhesion of fiber posts cemented with either a conventional resin cement (etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesive) or when used with 3M ESPE™ RelyX™ U100 Self-Adhesive Universal Resin Cement which requires no pretreatment of the tooth.

Results of the study: RelyX U100 cement provided the highest and most constant adhesive strength independent of the degree of operator experience.

SBMP + ARC SB + ARC U100 SBMP + ARC SB + ARC U100

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

MPa

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

MPa

professional (CD)

academic (AC)Bond Strength for Cementation System

Bond Strength for Subgroups



25

3037IADR 2010

RelyX™ ARC Adhesive Resin CementDegree of Conversion of Self-Etching/Adhesive Compared to Dual-Cure Conventional Resin-Cements A .P . PEDREIRA1, T .B .C . CHIMELI1, J .L . MACEDO1, L . WANG2, L .M . PAULA1, and F .C .P . GARCIA1, 1University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil, 2Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil

Objectives: There are different categories of resin cements regarding polymerization setting reaction. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the degree of cure (%DC) of one self-etching/adhesive resin cement and three dual-cure conventional resin cements.

Methods: The self-etching/adhesive resin cement RelyX U100/3M ESPE (RU) was compared to conventional cements RelyX ARC/3M ESPE (RX), All Cem/FGM (AC) and Enforce/Dentsply (E). Before polymerization, %DC was assessed as baseline. Five specimens (10 × 0.1 mm) of each tested material were prepared following the manufacturers’ instructions. A halogen light curing unit with an output of 400mW/cm2 was used. New assessments were made immediately and after 24 hrs. T-test was applied to compare immediate and 24-hr assessments for each material and one-way ANOVA to compare the values among all immediate and final materials, with α=0.05.

Results: Means and standard deviations of %DC were RU- 52.80(9.28), RX-72.00(0.71), AC- 35.00(7.84) and E- 52.2(4.44) for immediate assessments and RU-55.00(9.62), RX-76.60(0.54), AC-42.20(5.76) and E-59.8(4.09) for final assessments. All the resin cements showed greater %DC after 24 hrs (p<0.05) except for RU. Both in immediate and final times, RX was found to have the highest %DC and AC the lowest values, with statistical differences between them and to RU and E, which were not statistically different between them (p>0.05).

Conclusions: The self-etching/adhesive resin cement was the only material that had showed the same %DC after 24 hrs. Conventional resin cements were prone to show increase of %DC after the same time.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the degree of polymerization (cured with a 400 mW/cm2 unit) of one self-adhesive and three multi-step adhesive resin cements. The degree of cure was measured immediately and after 24 hours.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ ARC Adhesive Resin Cement showed the highest degree of conversion/polymerization both immediately and after 24 hours. AllCem (FGM) was the lowest.



26

0306IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem 2 AutomixBond Strength Between Self-Adhesive Cementing Agents and Hard Dental Tissues A . PIWOWARCZYK, J . W . Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany, J . SCHEUBLE, Dental Practice, Hamburg, Germany, and H .C . LAUER, J .W . Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany

Objectives: This in vitro study examined the bond strength of five paste/paste automixed self-adhesive cementing agents to human dentin and enamel.

Methods: Two hundred forty extracted non-carious permanent and not root-filled human molars were ground flat to expose enamel and superficial dentin surface. Following cementing agents were examined: 1a) Maxcem Elite (Kerr) auto-polymerized (AP), 1b) Maxcem Elite light-polymerized (LP); 2a) Clearfil SA (Kuraray) (AP), 2b) Clearfil SA (LP); 3a) Bifix SE (Voco) (AP), 3b) Bifix SE (LP); 4a) G-Cem Automix (GC) (AP), 4b) G-Cem Automix (LP); 5a) Experimental self-adhesive resin cement (3M ESPE) (AP), 5b) Experimental self-adhesive resin cement (LP). One subgroup (n=12) was tested after 24 hours water storage at 37°C (time t1), the other subgroup (n=12) was stored 14 days and subsequently thermally cycled (1,000X, 5–55°C) (time t2). All bonded specimens were stressed in shear at a constant crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure. Statistical analysis was performed by multifactorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) taking interactions between effects into account (α=0.05).

Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.0001) between cementing agents. Experimental self-adhesive resin cement (dentin: 10.0±2.6 MPa; enamel: 11.1±2.7 MPa) and Bifix SE (dentin: 10.0±2.5 MPa; enamel: 10.5±2.3 MPa) reached the highest values, G-Cem Automix (dentin: 7.2±2.2 MPa; enamel: 8.0±2.3 MPa) the lowest, independent of time and polymerization method. Bond strengths were significantly (p<0.0001) lower at t1 (7.6±1.6 MPa) than at t2 (11.0±2.7 MPa). Dual polymerization with light activation achieved significant (p=0.0367) higher values than without light activation (mean difference 0.5 MPa, 95% CI 0.03–0.87).

Conclusion: The selection of self-adhesive cementing agents as well as the method of polymerization has an influence on the bond to hard dental tissues. Independent of time, polymerization method and surface, experimental self-adhesive resin cement showed the highest overall bond strength, followed by Bifix SE.

Bond Strength to Dentin and Enamel

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To analyze the bond strength of a new self-adhesive resin cement to enamel and superficial dentin after 24 hours and after mild artificial aging.

Results of the study: Independent of time, polymerization method, and surface, 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement showed the highest overall bond strength, followed by Bifix SE. G-CEM Automix values were lowest.

dentinenamel

Bifix SE Clearfil SA Maxcem Elite G-Cem RelyX Unicem 2 Automix

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

MPa

27



0392IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem 2 AutomixBonding Effectiveness of Self-Adhesive Composite Cements to Dentin Y . SUYAMA1, M . CARDOSO1, A . MINE1, M . HANABUSA1, J . DE MUNCK1, T . YAMADA2, and B . VAN MEERBEEK1, 1Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 2Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Objectives: To assess the influence of smear-layer interposition on the micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) of self-adhesive composite cements (SACs) to dentin.

Methods: Seven SACs (BisCem, Bisco; exp. SFCem-44, 3M ESPE; G-CEM Automix, GC; seT, SDI; SmartCEM 2, Dentsply; SpeedCEM, Ivoclar Vivadent; Unicem, 3M ESPE) and one etch-and-rinse multi-step composite cement (Nexus 3, Kerr) were used to lute feldspathic ceramic blocks (Vita Mark II, Vita) to 80 flat mid-coronal dentin surfaces, which were ground using either a medium-grit (100 µm) diamond bur or 600-grit SiC-paper to produce a thick/compact or thin smear layer, respectively. After seven days of storage in water (37°C), the specimens were prepared for µTBS testing. Failure patterns were evaluated with a stereomicroscope, and afterwards imaged using Feg-SEM. Two additional specimens per group were processed for TEM.

Results:

µTBS to dentin (MPa) Nexus 3 G-CEM SpeedCEM Unicem

600# SiC-paper 27 .5±8 .5AB 26 .6±7 .3AB 22 .6±6 .1ABC 20 .2±5 .2BCD

Diamond bur 29 .8±5 .4A 12 .7±6 .1EF 12 .9±4 .2EF 10 .8±4 .2F

SmartCEM 2 RelyX Unicem 2 Automix BisCem seT

600# SiC-paper 17 .8±6 .4CDE 16 .8±5DE 3 .6±3 .1G 3 .0±4 .3G

Diamond bur 12 .4±4 .1F 14 .8±4EF 1 .0±2 .0G 2 .1±4 .1G

Same superscripts indicate absence of significant difference (Kruskal-wallis, p<0 .05)

Except Nexus 3, all cements showed higher bond strength values when bonded to dentin prepared with SiC-paper. No statistically significant difference was found among Nexus 3, G-CEM Automix, SpeedCEM and Unicem when applied on dentin covered by the thinner smear layer (p>0.05). On the other hand, no SACs performed as well as Nexus 3 when applied on bur-cut dentin (p<0.05). SEM and TEM showed numerous micro-bubbles entrapped at the dentin-cement interfaces of SACs.

Conclusion: The bonding effectiveness of SACs is adversely affected by the presence of a thick smear layer, although some SACs are able to perform as effective as multi-step composite cements provided that a thinner smear layer is prepared on dentin.

Microtensile Bond Strength to Dentin

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: Several self-adhesive cements including a new product, 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement, were analyzed for their adhesive characteristics to dentin.

Results of the study: The bond strength of RelyX Unicem 2 Automix to bur-cut dentin was only exceeded by the etch-and-rinse system Nexus 3.

600# SiC-paperDiamond bur

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

[MPa

]

Nexus 3 G-CEM SpeedCEM RelyX Unicem SmartCEM 2 BisCem seT RelyX Unicem 2 Automix



28

2949IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem 2 AutomixMicroscopical Evaluation of an Experimental Luting Material After Thermocycling F . BASSI1, N . BALZANELLI1, F . CERUTTI2, N . BARABANTI3, and A . CERUTTI1, 1University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, 2University of Brescia, Pisogne, Italy, 3University of Brescia, Coccaglio, Italy

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesive interface of a new self-adhesive material used for fiber post cementation, studying the macrostructural aspect of adhesive interface after thermocycling

Methods: Ten single-rooted teeth were endodontically treated and sectioned at CEJ, then the post space was prepared and in each tooth a RelyX Fiber Post size 2 (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) was luted by means of the new experimental composite SF Cem-44 applied by means of the dedicated elongation tip. Each root was cut into four slices at increasing distance from CEJ (1–3–5–7 mm), then analyzed after thermocycling (ISO/TS11405:2003) and immersion in a 2% methylene-blue (24 hr). The null-hypothesis is an absence of dye infiltration or voids after thermocycling. After the image steromicroscope acquisition (13X), the macrostructural analysis exploited a digital automated software (Jmicrovision), in order to assess the extent of the dye of infiltration, presence of guttapercha, micro or macrovoids.

Results: No voids or micro-bubbles were assessed, since the self-mixing application system and the endo-tip ensure no air bubbles within the material. We observed no dye infiltration in every slice.

Conclusions: The new experimental material seems to be an acceptable and fast luting agent for post cementation, if used correctly.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To analyze the sealing ability of a new self-adhesive resin cement in root canals.

Results of the study: Using 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement together with the RelyX Unicem 2 Automix dispensing tip for endodontic procedures, results in high retentive strength values when cementing fiber posts in root canals. No dye penetration was detected in any of the samples.

29



0394IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem 2 AutomixRetentive Strength of Zirconium-Oxide Crowns to Self-Adhering Cements C .P . ERNST, G . KAMPF, I . BUSEMANN, E . STENDER, and B . WILLERSHAUSEN, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

Objectives: The retentive strength of one experimental self-adhering cement (SFCem44/3M ESPE), six self adhering cements (RelyX Unicem Aplicap, RelyX Unicem Clicker/3M ESPE, iCEM/Heraeus, Maxcem Elite/sds Kerr, Bifix SE/VOCO, SpeedCEM/Ivoclar), two self-adhesive cements with self-etch primers (Panavia 21/Kuraray, Secure/Sun Medical) one glass ionomer-cement (Ketac Cem Aplicap/ 3M ESPE), one resin-modified glass ionomer-cement (Meron Plus/VOCO), and a zinc-phosphate cement (Harvard) were examined for luting zircon-oxide ceramic crowns (LAVA, 3M ESPE) on extracted human teeth after thermocycling.

Method: One hundred twenty extracted teeth (n=10) were prepared in a standardized manner (10,° h=3 mm). The resin cements and the adhesive system were used according to manufacturers’ recommendations; in dual-curing systems, only the self-curing approach was conducted. The crowns’ inner surfaces were sandblasted (Rocatec Pre). After thermocycling (5000X, 5–55°C) and one year of water storage, the cemented ceramic crowns (Rocatec-pretreatment at the outer surface; connected over a low shrinkage epoxy resin to a resin block, made of Paladur denture base material) were removed along the path of insertion using a Zwick universal testing device. The retention surface was determined individually for each tooth (Dahl & Oilo, Dent Mater 2, 1986). Statistical analysis was made using SPSS 11.0 (Wilcoxon rank test, Bonferroni-adjustment).

Results: The retentive strength values [N/mm2] were (Min/Q1/Median/Q3/Max): SFCem44: 2.6/2.8/3.8/3.8/4.4, RelyX Unicem Aplicap: 1.2/2.6/3.1/4.9/6.4, RelyX Unicem Clicker: 3.2/3.9/4.1/4.4/5.9, iCEM: 0.8/2.2/2.3/3.0/3.3, Maxcem Elite:1.4/2.5/3.0/3.6/4.5, Bifix SE: 1.3/1.5/1.7/2.1/2.4, SpeedCEM: 0.1/1.2/1.3/1.7/2.8, Panavia 21: 0.2/0.6/1.7/2.1/4.4, Secure: 1.1/2.2/3.0/3.6/4.4, Ketac Cem: 0.4/1.0/1.4/1.8/3.2, Meron Plus: 1.2/3.0/3.1/3.4/5.4, Harvard: 0.2/1.0/1.1/1.4/2.0

Conclusion: The performance of the different self-adhering cements varied significantly within this group. A significantly higher retentive strength can be obtained compared to glass ionomer or zinc phosphate cement.

This study was supported by 3M ESPE, Heraeus, Ivoclar Vivadent, VOCO, and Sun Medical.

Highest Retentive Strength for Zirconia Crowns (median values)

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the adhesive performance of a new self-adhesive and several adhesive, self-adhesive and conventional cements to 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia crowns.

Results of the study: None of the materials tested exceed the median bond strength of the 3M™ ESPE™ self-adhesive resin cements, 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem Clicker™ and 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix.

5

4

3

2

1

0

N/m

m2

Meron Plus Secure Maxcem iCEM Bifix SE SpeedCEM Panavia 21 Ketac Cem Harvard RelyX RelyX RelyX Elite Unicem 2 Unicem Unicem Automix Clicker Aplicap



30

3976IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Marginal Adaptation of Self-Adhesive Cementation of All-Ceramic MOD Inlays C . ASCHENBRENNER1, M . ROSENTRITT2, G . HANDEL3, and M . BEHR3, 1Regensburg University Medical Center, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Regensburg, Germany, 2University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, 3University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro marginal adaptation of all-ceramic inlays which were luted with five different self-adhesive resin cements.

Methods: The marginal integrity of 40 all-ceramic class II (MOD) inlays was determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM Stereoscan 240, Cambridge Inst., D, magnification up to 800X) and dye penetration tests (0.5% Fuchsine, 16 hrs 37°C). The marginal integrity of each tooth was evaluated at dentin and enamel margins at the interface between tooth and cement. The inlays were luted on human molars with five resin-based cements (Clearfil SA (CSA), Kuraray, J; Icem (ICE), Heraues Kuzer, D; Bifix SE (BSE), Voco, D; Set (SET), SDI, AU; experimental cement (EXP), 3M ESPE, D) in accordance with the manufactures recommendations in light curing mode. All tests were performed after 90 day storage (water, 37°C) and subsequent thermal cycling with mechanical loading (TCML, 1.2 × 106 × 50N, 6000 × 5°/55,° 1.6 Hz). Statistics: ANOVA, Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results:

CSA ICE BSE SET EXP

Dye penetration enamel 4 .6+/-21 .1 3 .9+/-17 .9 8 .1+/-19 .9 3 .2+/-10 .4 3 .3+/-13 .0

Dye penetration dentin 22 .1+/-40 .4 15 .0+/-27 .8 15 .2+/-26 .4 12 .1+/-16 .4 1 .6+/-18 .0

Dye penetration values were between 1.6% and 22.1% (dentin margin) and 3.2% and 8.1% (enamel margin). Marginal adaptation (percentage of perfect margin) after aging varied between 83.9+/-8.9% and 95.2+/-4.6% (enamel) and 80.1+/-9.4% and 91.6+/-3.3% (dentin). Only SET showed significantly higher marginal integrity than ICE at the enamel interface. Aging deteriorates the marginal adaptation of ICE at the enamel interface significantly (p=0.014).

Conclusions: The investigated self-adhesive luting cements seem to bond sufficiently to dentin as well as enamel cavities. All cements, with the exception of the experimental material, showed higher dye penetration in dentin.

Dye Penetration at Cement Margin

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the marginal sealing of a new self-adhesive resin cement after five years of simulated clinical stress.

Results of the study: In this study, 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement showed the least dye penetration and excellent marginal sealing compared to Clearfil™ SA Cement, iCEM,® Bifix SE and SeT.

Clearfil SA Icem Bifix SE SeT RelyX Unicem 2 Automix

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

[%]

Dye penetration enamelDye penetration detin

31



0393IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem 2 AutomixWear Resistance of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements R . HECHT, E . WANEK, R . GUGGENBERGER, G . RAIA, M . LUDSTECK, and C .A . WIEDIG, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to compare wear properties of different self-adhesive resin cements and a composite filling material in the ACTA abrasion test.

Methods: Self-adhesive resin cements tested were Maxcem™ Elite (MAX,Kerr), iCEM™ (ICM, Heraeus Kulzer), Clearfil™ SA Cement (CSA, Kuraray), G-CEM Automix (GCM, GC), RelyX™ Unicem Clicker™ (RXU, 3M ESPE) and self-adhesive experimental resin cement (EXP, 3M ESPE). Filling composite included in the study was Spectrum TPH (TPH, Dentsply).

Wear resistance was determined by the ACTA abrasion test following the ACTA protocol in a millet seed slurry for 200,000 cycles. Self-adhesive resin cements were examined in the light-curing (lc) and the self-curing (sc) mode, while Spectrum TPH was only light cured. Materials were cured following the manufacturers’ instructions and finally stored for 14 days at 36°C in deionized water before running the test.

Data obtained were analyzed using Multiple Range Test (Fisher’s LSD; p<0.05).

Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the tested materials (see table). Values in one row with different superscript characters are statistically different.

TPH GCM CSA MAX ICM RXU EXP

Wear lc [µm] 49 .9±6 .3b 56 .6±3 .8c 71 .8±2 .7d 71 .4±2,0d 85 .1±2 .8e 58 .3±1 .7c 45 .9±2 .5a

Wear sc [µm] n .a . 59 .5±1 .8g 78 .3±2 .0i 77 .6±3 .2i 106 .4±2 .2j 65 .5±3 .0h 56 .7±1 .0f

Conclusion: The self-adhesive experimental resin cement showed significantly lower wear in both curing modes compared to all other tested self-adhesive resin cements and the filling composite Spectrum TPH.

Lowest Abrasion

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the wear resistance of a new self-adhesive resin cement using the ACTA abrasion test.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement showed the lowest wear of all materials tested (one composite and five self-adhesive cements) in both curing modes.

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

[µm

]

Spectrum TPH G-Cem Automix Clearfil SA Maxcem Elite CEM RelyX Unicem RelyX Clicker Unicem 2 Automix

Wear lcWear sc



32

Maxcem SpeedCEM G-CEM seT SmartCEM 2 Clearfil Bifix SE iCEM RXU Clicker RelyX Elite Automix SA Cement Unicem 2 Automix

20

10

0

[MPa

] SBS Dentin lc

SBS Dentin sc


30

20

10

0

[MPa

]

SBS Enamel lc

SBS Enamel sc

0618IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Shear-Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements to Enamel and Dentin R . GUGGENBERGER, R . HECHT, M . LUDSTECK, G . RAIA, H . RENNSCHMID, and C .A . WIEDIG, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to compare shear bond strength (SBS) of different self-adhesive resin cements to bovine enamel and dentin in the light- and the self-cure mode.

Methods: Materials tested were Maxcem™ Elite (Kerr), SmartCEM™ 2 (Dentsply), iCEM® (Heraeus Kulzer), Clearfil™ SA Cement (Kuraray), G-CEM Automix (GC), Bifix SE (Voco), seT (SDI), SpeedCEM (Ivoclar-Vivadent), RelyX™ Unicem Clicker™ and self-adhesive experimental resin cement (both 3M ESPE).

Bovine teeth were ground flat to expose enamel or dentin, polished (600-grit sandpaper), water-rinsed and gently air dried. Stainless steel rods were cemented under pressure (20 g/mm2) onto the teeth. After light curing (lc) or self curing (sc) following the manufacturers’ instructions, specimens were stored for 24 hrs at 36°C and 100% relative humidity. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine (Zwick Z010, crosshead speed: 0.75 mm/min). Data obtained were analyzed using Multiple Range Test (Fisher’s LSD; p<0.05).

Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the tested self-adhesive resin cements depending on tooth surface and curing mode (see table).

Conclusion: The self-adhesive experimental resin cement showed best adhesion performance under all testing conditions.

Best Shear-Bond Strength to Dentin

Excellent Shear-Bond Strength to Enamel

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the bond strength of a new self-adhesive resin cement to dentin and enamel.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement showed the highest adhesion values to dentin and enamel both when light- and self-cured.


20

10

0

[MPa

] SBS Dentin lc

SBS Dentin sc


30

20

10

0

[MPa

]

SBS Enamel lc

SBS Enamel sc

33



SBS Zirconia (24 hr) SBS Zirconia 5,000X TC SBS Alumina (24 hr) SBS Alumina 5,000X TC

50

40

90

20

10

0

[MPa

]

Clearfil Esthetic C/Ceramic PrimerMultilink Automix/Monobond PlusMaxcem EliteRelyX Unicem 2 Automix

RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cements to High Strength Ceramics C .A . WIEDIG, R . HECHT, M . LUDSTECK, H . RENNSCHMID, G . RAIA, and E . WANEK, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: High-strength oxide ceramics are increasingly popular for esthetic restorations while their adhesive cementation is still perceived difficult. This study investigated bond strength to zirconia and alumina of two self-adhesive and two conventional resin cements.

Methods: Materials tested were Maxcem™ Elite (Kerr), Multilink® Automix/Monobond Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Clearfil™ Esthetic Cement/Clearfil Ceramic Primer (Kuraray) and new universal self-adhesive automix resin cement (3M ESPE).

For shear bond strength (SBS) testing, zirconia (Lava, 3M ESPE;15 × 15 × 3.5 mm) and alumina blocks (15 × 15 × 2 mm) were pre-treated as recommended by manufacturers. Stainless steel rods were cemented under pressure (20 g/mm2) onto ceramic discs. After light curing following the manufacturers’ instructions, specimens were stored for 24 hrs at 36°C and 100% relative humidity. Half of the specimen were artificially aged (5,000 thermocycles, 5°C–55°C, 30 sec dwell time). SBS was measured using a universal testing machine (Zwick Z010, crosshead speed: 0.75 mm/min).

Data obtained were analyzed using Multiple Range Test (Fisher’s LSD; p<0.05).

Results: See table. Values in one column marked with the same superscript characters are not statistically different

Material

SBS Zirconia 1 day [MPa]

SBS Zirconia TC 5.000x [MPa]

SBS Alumina 1 day [MPa]

SBS Alumina TC 5.000x [MPa]

Maxcem Elite 24 .3±12 .2a 15 .9±3 .5c 20 .1±5 .8g 15 .8±6 .2i

Multilink Automix/Monobond Plus 26 .4±3 .0a 19 .5±1 .1d 32 .3±2 .9h 36 .2±3 .4j

Clearfil Esthetic Cement/Ceramic Primer 25 .1±6 .0a 24 .5±2 .6e 34 .5±3 .3h 42 .2±4 .1k

Experimental Material 37 .6±1 .9b 34 .0±3 .6f 33 .4±5 .3h 34 .5±2 .2j

Conclusion: Without the need of a dedicated primer, experimental self-adhesive resin cement showed significantly higher bond strength to sandblasted zirconia than all other tested materials.

On alumina, bond strength of experimental self-adhesive resin cement was comparable to conventional multi-step resin cements with their primers and significantly higher than Maxcem Elite.

Excellent Bond Strength to Oxide Ceramics with No Extra Primer

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: A new self-adhesive resin cement was analyzed for adhesion to oxide ceramics.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement showed the highest adhesion to sandblasted zirconia (3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia) and bond strengths to sandblasted alumina comparable to conventional resin cements (which require an additional priming steps for oxide ceramics).

0680IADR 2010



34

0395IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Cements to Enamel, Dentin and Ceramic S . SINGHAL1, J . BURGESS1, D . CAKIR1, S . SHAH1, B . BALADHANDAYUTHAM1, L .C . RAMP1, and C .A . WIEDIG2, 1University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 23M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objective: To measure and compare in vitro shear bond strength of one experimental and two commercially available self-adhesive cements to enamel, dentin, zirconia (Cercon), IPS e.max CAD and Paradigm C.

Methods: Ceramic blocks were wet ground with 320-grit SiC paper for 4 min (rotating the sample 900/min) and wet-finished with 0.5μ alumina slurry. IPSe.max was polished after the preheating treatment. Enamel and dentin surfaces were flattened and wet ground with 320-grit paper. Ceramic surface treatments before cementation were:

Zirconia IPS e.max CAD Paradigm C

Air abrasion with 30μm CoJet sand/10mmdistance/15 sec

(KAVO)

Preheated in furnace with Program1 for one complete cycle (IvoclarVivadent Programat CS)

Etched (6% HF/20sec/Versa-Link/Sultan)

Etched (6% HF/90sec/Versa-Link/Sultan)

Silane (3M ESPE) Ultrasonic cleaner/15seconds

Precured composite (Z100) rods (d=2.30 mm) were abraded with 30 μm CoJet sand (10 mm distance/ 10 sec), Single Bond was applied and light cured (10 sec) (all 3M ESPE). Rods were cemented to ceramic blocks with SFCEM 44/3M ESPE, GCEM Automix/GC and Maxcem Elite/Kerr, following manufacturers’ instructions with constant weight of 110 g. Cements were light cured from two opposite sides (Elipar S10/3M ESPE, 1020mW/cm2) after excess cement removal. Cement margins were covered with Glycerol gel for SFCem and light cured. Samples were incubated (370°C/24 hrs), thermocycled (6–600°C/15 sec dwell time/1,000/cycles) and debonded using a universal testing machine (Instron 5565) crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Fisher LSD tests (p=0.05).

Results: Different superscripts=statistically significantly different within one column.

Mean±SD [MPa] Enamel Dentin Zirconia IPS e.maxCAD Paradigm C

RelyX Unicem 2 Automix 16 .1±6 .4 13 .4±1 .7a 36 .9±5 .8d 41 .7±5 .8g 40 .1±7 .9i

Maxcem Elite 14 .2±3 .6 5 .7±1 .9c 10 .3±3 .0f 32 .1±6 .1h 22 .8±4 .2k

GCem Automix 14 .6±1 .8 9 .5±2 .3b 30 .8±5 .3e 30 .4±5 .2h 34 .0±7 .3k

Conclusions: Experimental material showed significantly higher bond strength to dentin, zirconia, e.max and Paradigm C than all other cements (p<0.05). On enamel, all cements tested performed comparably. Supported in part by a grant from 3M ESPE.

Bond Strength

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the bond strength of a new self-adhesive resin cement to enamel and ceramic materials.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement showed the highest bond strength to etched ceramics, zirconia and dentin compared to Maxcem Elite™ and G-CEM Automix. All materials performed comparably on enamel.

GCem Automix Maxcem Elite RelyX Unicem 2 Automix

EnamelDentin

GCem Automix Maxcem Elite RelyX Unicem 2 Automix

5040302010

0

302010

0

ZirconiaIPS e.maxCADParadigm C

[MPa

]

[MPa

]

35



0621 IADR 2010

RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Interfacial Strength and Morphology of New Self-Adhesive Resin Cements A . CANTORO1, C . GORACCI1, A . MAZZONI2, L . BRESCHI3, and M . FERRARI1, 1University of Siena, Siena, Italy, 2University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 3University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

Objective: The study was aimed at assessing by means of “thin-slice” push-out test, light and scanning electron microscopy, the interfacial strength and sealing ability of new self-adhesive resin cements when used to lute fiber posts into endodontically treated teeth.

Methods: SFCem44 (3M ESPE, SFC), Maxcem Elite (Kerr, ME) and sET (SDI, S) were utilized in combination with RelyX Fiber Posts (3M ESPE). In each group five posted roots were used for push-out testing and five were processed for observations of interfacial morphology and nanoleakage under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Five to six slices were obtained from each posted root. Between-group differences in push-out strengths were statistically assessed using One-Way Analysis of Variance and Tukey test for post hoc comparisons (p<0.05).

Results: The interfacial strength achieved by SFC (9.3±2.6 MPa) was significantly higher than that of ME (6.7±2.7 MPa) and that of S (5.4±3.1 MPa), which were comparable to each other. Specimens luted with SFC showed lower interfacial nanoleakage than ME and S.

Conclusions: SFC exhibited a significantly greater post retentive ability and provided a better marginal seal than the other new self-adhesive resin cements.

Best Bonding of RelyX FiberPosts to Root Canal Dentin

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the retentive strength and sealing ability of a new self-adhesive resin cement.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ RelyX™ Unicem 2 Automix Self-Adhesive Resin Cement showed lower interfacial nanoleakage and higher bond strength than the other self-adhesive cements tested.

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0

MPa

Maxcem Elite sET RelyX Unicem 2 Automix



36

0016CED 2009

Lava™ ZirconiaStress-Induced Phase Transformation on Zirconia Surfaces M . JAHNS1, A . SCHMALZL1, G . FOKAS2, J . GEIS-GERSTORFER2, and G . SCHECHNER1, 13M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany, 2Centre of Dentistry Tübingen, Medical Materials and Technology, Tübingen, Germany

Objective: The effect of surface-treatment on the crystal phase composition of Y-TZP and its reversal by application of sufficient heat is to be examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Methods: Disc-shaped samples of LAVA zirconia (Y-TZP, 3M ESPE) were surface-treated by either sandblasting or grinding. Sandblasting was carried out by blasting the samples with alumina (particle size 50 µm) at 2 bar. For grinding, a diamond coated instrument (Rotring) from Komet was used at 20.000 rpm with water cooling. Firing of the samples after surface-treatment was carried out at 1,000°C. X-ray measurements were performed with a Bruker D8 Discover in Bragg-Brentano geometry. Quantitative phase analysis was done by the Rietveld method (TOPAS software, Bruker). Given the high electron density of zirconium, the X-ray beam penetrates the samples no more than 5 µm.

Results: The control group of untreated zirconia material (AF) displayed mainly a tetragonal (t) crystal structure and, to a minor extend, cubic (c) phase zirconia. It was found that stress applied to the surface lead to a phase transformation towards monoclinic (m) and distorted cubic (c2) phase on the treated surface. Interestingly, the character of the surface treatment had an influence on which new crystalline phase was preferred. Sandblasting (SB) lead to the formation of a higher fraction of monoclinic phase, while grinding (GD) yielded more distorted cubic phase (Table 1). Firing of the surface-treated samples could almost completely restore the original phase composition of the control group, leaving only a slightly increased amount of cubic phase (Table 1).

Conclusion: It could be shown that different types of surface-treatment of tetragonal zirconia induce different ways of phase transformation to monoclinic and distorted cubic on the sample surface. Firing of those samples could reverse this transformation and yield a phase composition close to that of untreated zirconia.

Phase Transformation on Zirconia Surfaces

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the effect of surface treatment (sandblasting and grinding) on the crystal phase composition of Y-TZP and its reversal by application of sufficient heat. The samples were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Results of the study: Different surface treatments for 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia result in different phase transformations. Sandblasting led to a higher fraction of monoclinic phase; grinding led to a more distorted cubic phase. However, firing of the surface-treated samples almost completely restores the original phase composition of the control group.

AF SB GD AF SB GD untreated sandblasted grinded untreated sandblasted grinded fired at fired at fired at 1000°C 1000°C 1000°C

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

distorted cubic phase [wt.%]

monoclinic [wt. %]

cubic phase zirconia [wt. %]

tetragonal crystal structure [wt. %]

zirconia samples

37



0073CED 2009

Lava™ ZirconiaComparison of Fit of 3-Axis and 5-Axis Milled Zirconia Abutments WAIZENEGGER, G . HERTLEIN, and T . MEURER, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia abutments offer custom design for each individual patient and improved esthetics and have become an attractive solution for implant cases. Fully machined abutments increase the productivity because there are less manual steps necessary than using prefabricated abutments. In order to mill angulated abutments with a CAD/CAM-system, a 4- or 5-axis milling machine is necessary. Otherwise the abutments need manual finishing afterwards. However, due to higher requirements of kinematics and accuracy, 5-axis machining is more challenging as compared to 3-axis. The purpose of this study was to investigate, whether angulated abutments using 5-axis milling (ANG5X) can be manufactured by a dental CAD/CAM system with the same precision like straight abutments using 3-axis milling (STR3X).

Methods: ANG5X and STR3X for titanium-bases Camlog_43 and Neoss_RP were milled five times on the Lava™ CNC500 (3M ESPE). After manufacturing, the fit on the titanium-bases was assessed by two dental technicians with a ranking scale from 1 (poor) to 5 (perfect fit) resulting in 20 data points each. In addition the inner diameter at the bottom side of the Neoss_RP-Abutments was measured using an Inductive Dial Comparator (Mahr GmbH).

Results: The following table lists the means and standard deviations (in brackets) of the ranking and of the measured diameters:

Method Ranking Diameter Neoss_RP [mm]

3X 4 .88 (±0 .22) 3 .699 (±0 .020)

5X 4 .73 (±0 .38) 3 .715 (±0 .022)

There is no significant difference between the 3-axis and the 5-axis versions (Mann-Whitney Test, p>0.05).

Conclusions: Customized angulated abutments produced with the Lava™ System with 5-axis milling have the same fit like straight abutments produced with 3-axis milling.

Comparision of Fit of 3-Axis and 5-Axis Milled Zirconia Abutments

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the precision of straight abutments processed by a 3-axis milling machine to angulated abutments processed by the 5-axis 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ CNC 500 Milling Machine.

Results of the study: Customized angulated abutments produced with the 5-axis 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ CNC 500 had the same fit as straight abutments produced with 3-axis milling.

3-axis milling5-axis milling (Lava™ CNC 500)

Ranking (1–5)

5.2

5

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

4

3.8

(Ran

king

: 1–5

) / (D

iam

eter

: mm

)



38

2253IADR 2010

Lava™ ZirconiaLight Transmission of Different Dental Zirconia Framework Materials R . DITTMANN, E . MECHER, H . HAUPTMANN, R . SCHNAGL, D . RANFTL, and T . KURETZKY, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objective: Translucency is, besides color, one of the most important parameters to describe the aesthetic appearance of dental materials. Aim of this study was to quantify the light transmission of various dental grade zirconia ceramics.

Methods: The transmission of seven CAD/CAM zirconia core materials and a new experimental zirconia were tested in a spectrometer (S2,000, Ocean Optics, USA) with a tungsten halogen light source (HL-2000 Mikropack, Germany) and an integrating Ulbricht sphere. Plane-parallel samples of 1.0 mm thickness (+-0.02 mm) were prepared by surface grinding and final polishing with 1 µm diamond suspension. The transmission coefficients (t [%]) for light wavelengths (l [nm]) from 380 to 800 nm were measured and a physiological weighted overall transmission value (T) was calculated by integration ∫380-800 t(l) dl.

Results: The results of the overall transmission values are given in the table below:

Zirconia Type

3M ESPE Experimental Zirconia

3M ESPE Lava Frame

Ivoclar ZirCAD

Sirona inCorisZI

Vita In-Ceram YZ-55

Kavo Everest

Wieland ZENO

DeguDent Cercon

Mean Value of T

3197 3034 2775 2748 2734 2725 2511 1837

Standard Deviation

4 3 23 5 6 5 20 4

Conclusion: One-way ANOVA revealed significant (p<0.05) differences between the overall transmission values depending on zirconia ceramic type in the reproducibility tests (n=5). The experimental zirconia has shown a significant higher (p<0.05) transmission compared to all other tested materials with Fishers least significant difference (LSD) method. Lava Frame was significant higher (p<0.05) compared to the other commercial CAD / CAM zirconia materials tested with Fishers LSD method.

Light Transmission of Different Dental Zirconia Framework Materials

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To measure the light transmission of an experimental zirconia compared to seven different commercially available zirconia ceramics.

Results of the study: The experimental zirconia showed significantly higher light transmission compared to all other materials tested. The light transmission of the 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia was significantly higher than the other commercially available CAD/CAM zirconia materials.

Ivoclar Sirona Vita In- Kavo Wieland DeguDent 3M ESPE 3M ESPE ZirCAD inCorisZI Ceram YZ-55 Everest ZENO Cercon Lava Frame Experimental Zirconia

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2115IADR 2010

Lava™ ZirconiaPerformance of Zirconia-Based Crowns and FPDs in Prosthodontic Practice D . NATHANSON1, S . CHU2, H . YAMAMOTO1, and C . STAPPERT2, 1Boston University, Boston, MA, 2New York University, New York, NY

As porcelain veneered zirconia crowns and FPDs are gaining in popularity, there are reports of high incidence of related porcelain fractures, varying from 10% to 30% over a period of 2–3 years.

Objectives: To record failure statistics of zirconia-supported porcelain restorations and contributing factors in a combined retrospective clinical review from four prosthodontic practices.

Methods: The combined clinical experience with zirconia based restorations of four US prosthodontists (the authors) was tabulated using the following parameters: Patient gender, position of restored teeth, single crowns or FPDs, type of abutment (natural or core), natural or restored opposing teeth. Over a preceding period of up to five years, a total of 702 zirconia-based units were placed in 207 patients (143 females, 64 males). Ninety-two percent of units were made with the Katana (Noritake) zirconia with either CZR (Noritake) or Heraceram (Heraeus) Porcelain, 6% with the Lava (3M-ESPE) system, and 2% with other. FPDs accounted for 14% of all units.

Results: The combined total failure rate over the study period was 2.8% (20 units–15 Katana, 3 Everest/Creation, 2 Lava, 2 Procera/Rondo) with following breakdown: 14 porcelain chips (2%); four porcelain fractures (0.5%); two core fractures (0.2%). Only 60% of the observed failures (12 restorations) necessitated replacement. Thirty-five percent of failures occurred in posterior teeth and 65% in anterior teeth. Over 70% of the failures occurred after 3–5 years of service. Due to the relatively low failure percentage no correlation could be established with other variables except for recorded bruxism or accidental impact.

Conclusions: The porcelain/zirconia restorative systems monitored in this retrospective study exhibited a combined failure rate of 2.8%. Of all failures, only 60% necessitated replacements. The recorded failure rate was significantly lower than previously reported and within range of published PFM performance statistics.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate the failure rate of zirconia-based restorations and compare them to published PFM performance statistics.

Results of the study: The porcelain/zirconia restorative systems monitored in this retrospective study exhibited a combined failure rate of 2.8%. The recorded failure rate was significantly lower than previously reported and within range of published PFM performance statistics.



40

0015CED 2009

Lava™ ZirconiaCrystal Structure of Dental Zirconia: Surface and Bulk Phases G . SCHECHNER, A . SCHMALZL, and M . JAHNS, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: The structural details Y-TZP especially regarding the surface phases still raise confusion. A sound combination of advanced X-ray-diffraction (XRD) measurement and evaluation techniques should yield a fundamental description of the structure of the bulk material and of the surface phases obtained after mechanical treatment.

Methods: Two platelet samples, LAVA zirconia (3M ESPE) as fired (AF) and surface grinded with diamond tool (GD) were subjected to a Bragg-Brentano geometry XRD measurement (BB-XRD, penetration depth 5µm). For GD also a Grazing Incidence measurement was applied (GI-XRD, incidence angle 3°, penetration depth). All experiments were performed on a Bruker D8 diffractometer using Cu-K-alpha radiation and a “Lynxeye” semiconductor detector. Structure refinement and quantitative phase analysis were carried out by the Rietveld fit method (Topas software, Bruker).

Results: BB-XRD of AF yields tetragonal (t) and cubic (c) phase in a ratio of ca. t/c 80/20 w/w, for GD in addition the monoclinic (m) and a second cubic phase (c2) become apparent. However, GI-XRD of GD reveals that m and c2 phases are located within the outermost surface layer <1µm. So, for GD the bulk composition remains unchanged, whereas for the surface layer c2/m 90/10 w/w is calculated. For t and c crystallite sizes of 80 respectively 50 nm are determined (not identical to grain sizes!) which is well line with nanostructure investigations by Matsui et al. (J.Am.Ceram.Soc. 86 (2003) 1401-1408). Unlike for the other phases, for c2 a significant distortion of the crystal lattice (strain) has to be assumed to explain the experimental pattern.

Conclusion: An overall structural description of Y-TZP including bulk phase and surface phases due to mechanical treatment is obtained. Particularly, a detailed explanation of the c2 surface phase is given. This work is a mandatory basis for further studies on surface phases of dental zirconia.

Table 1 . Quantitative Phase Analysis .

Bulk Surfaces ca<1μm

Sample Phase t c c2 m t c C2 m

AF vol . % 80 20 0 0 80 20 0 0

GD vol . % 80 20 0 0 0 0 90 10

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To determine a fundamental description of the bulk structure and surface phase of 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia after mechanical treatment.

Results of the study: An overall structural description of Y-TZP including bulk phase and surface phases (which are due to mechanical treatment) were obtained.

41



0021CED 2009

Lava™ ZirconiaLight Transmission Through Different Types of Zirconia – Ceramic FrameworksD . EDELHOFF, Department of Prosthodontics Ludiwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, München, Germany, R . MARX, Medical Technical Center University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany, F . JUNGWIRTH, Department of Material Sciences University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany, J . SCHWEIGER, Department of Prosthodontics, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany, and F . BEUER, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Department of Prosthodontics, Munich, Germany

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify the light transmission of different zirconia-ceramic framework materials.

Methods: Disk shaped specimens were fabricated in three clinical relevant thicknesses (0.3, 0.5, 1.0 mm) of various types of zirconia-ceramics with comparable color: ZPS): TZP-A porously sintered (Lava, 3M ESPE), ZHIP): TZP-A BioHIP (Metoxit), ZNAN): Nano Zr, ZACF): Zirluna (ACF). Light transmission through specimens (3/group) was determined in a spectrophotometer with an integrating Ulbricht sphere (Lamda35, UV-VIS, PerkinElmer) by measuring the transmission coefficient (tc) [%] for wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm. Overall tc was calculated by evaluating the integral ∫400–700 tc (l) dl [10–5].

Results: Given as mean values of overall tc (SD):

Thickness[mm] ZPS ZHIP ZNAN ZACF

0 .3 2897 (330) 2671 (42) 132 (17) 2618 (135)

0 .5 2326 (307) 1979 (91) 99 (10) 2566 (65)

1 .0 1515 (231) 643 (20) 6 (1) 1728 (275)

ANOVA showed significant (p<0.05) differences among overall tc values depending on zirconia-ceramic type (p<0.001) and thickness (p<0.001). Post-hoc test indicated statistic differences between the three different thicknesses (Student-Newman-Keuls). Statistic differences were detected between ZNAN, ZHIP and ZACF/ZPS (Student-Newman-Keuls).

Conclusion: Especially Nano-Zirconia showed significantly lower translucency. Given to the high masking power ZNAN should be preferred in cases with severely discolored abutments.

This study was partially supported by 3M ESPE.

Light Transmission Through Different Zirconia-Ceramic Frameworks

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To determine the light transmission of different zirconia-ceramic framework materials using samples thicknesses which were clinically relevant.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia showed the highest light transmission values at a thickness of 0.3 mm.

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42

0356 CED 2009

Lava™ ZirconiaComparison of Marginal Fit of Four Zirconia Systems Ö . KARATASLI, P . KURSOGLU, and E . KAZAZOGLU, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey

Objective: In the present research the marginal gap of four different zirconia-based frameworks were compared.

Methods: Two of the zirconia groups were prepared by the MAD/CAM system (Celay and Zr-Zahn) , whereas the remaining two groups were prepared by the CAD/CAM system (LAVA and DC-Zirkon). The metal frameworks were used as a control group. Ten specimens from each group were prepared. Overall, 50 specimens were used. AstraTech implant abutment were used to prepare the copings. The 16 points which were previously established were marked and the measurements were done with the light microscopy at 150X magnification. The marginal congruity of all the samples were evaluated by taking the measurements of the avarage of the 16 points. The four zirconia groups were compared with each other in terms of mean marginal gap values and with the metal control group and the statistical evaluations performed.

Results: At the end of the research, the best values of the marginal fit were observed in the LAVA frameworks. The highest marginal gaps were determined with the metal frameworks. According to the results, the groups can be summarized as follows in terms of marginal gap, from the lowest to highest: LAVA (24,57±14,03µm)<Celay (64,89±25,20µm)< DC-Zirkon (110,18±36,47µm )<Zr-Zahn (112,11±22,61µm)<Metal (120,14±33,27µm)

Conclusion: Since the values are lower than 120 µm (control group) in all the zirconia groups, the results indicated that all four zirconia systems that were included in the research provided clinically acceptable and consistent marginal gap precision. When the mean marginal gaps of the LAVA and Celay groups were compared with the metal control group, The differences were statistically significant (p=0,001, p=0,001).The mean marginal gap of LAVA and Celay groups were determined as significantly lower than metal control group.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare marginal gap values of four different zirconia-based frameworks (3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia, Celay, DC-Zirkon, Zr-Zahn) and including one metal framework as a control.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia frameworks showed the best results for marginal fit. The marginal gaps were significantly lower for Lava Zirconia compared to those measured for other zirconia frameworks and for the control.

Metal Celay DC-Zirkon Zr-Zahn LAVA

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1396IADR 2010

Lava™ ZirconiaMarginal Fit of Zirconia Crown-CopingsF . CERUTTI1, D . RE2, D . AUGUSTI2, G . AUGUSTI2, and G . RASPERINI2, 1University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, 2University of Milano, Milano, Italy

Objective: Marginal fit is valuated as one of the most important criteria for the clinical quality and success of all-ceramic crowns. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the marginal fit of Lava™ Zirconia crown-copings on chamfer and shoulder preparations.

Methods: Two acrylic model teeth were selected to simulate the clinical preparations: one molar was prepared with a chamfer finish line (C) and one premolar was prepared with a rounded shoulder finish line (RS). Each resin model was duplicated 10 times using silicon-based impression material and poured in type IV dental stone for the fabrication of working dies. A total of 20 copings were divided into two groups (n=10 for each finish line). Fifty measuring locations were chosen randomly along the margin on the dies and the gap width was measured under a light microscope with a magnification of 100X. Measurements were made without cementation. The mean marginal gap widths and standard deviations were calculated and a one-way ANOVA was conducted for different types of preparations in order to detect differences (α=0.05).

Results: The mean marginal gap was 30±3 μm for the C group and 28±4 μm for RS group. The one-way ANOVA showed no statistical significant difference between the two groups (P=0.23).

Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the marginal discrepancies were all within the clinical acceptable standard set at 120 μm. Chamfer and shoulder preparations didn’t show differences regarding the gap dimension.

Marginal Fit of Lava™ Zirconia Crown-Copings

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the marginal fit of 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia crown-copings on chamfer and shoulder preparations.

Results of the study: There were no significant differences between the gap dimensions of chamfer (30±3 μm) and shoulder (28±4 μm) preparations.



44

1404IADR 2010

Lava™ ZirconiaComparison of Fit of Library-Based and Directly-Scanned Zirconia Abutments J . WAIZENEGGER, E . MECHER, J . BRODESSER, and T . MEURER, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objective: CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia-abutments offer custom design and improved aesthetics for implant cases. Such CAD/CAM zirconia-abutments consist of a titanium-base and a zirconia-sleeve. A common way to produce these abutments is to use a scan-body to detect the position of the implant and then match a library-geometry to this position (A1). A different way is to scan the titanium-base directly and to design the abutments using this scanned geometry (A2). With A2 it is possible to produce zirconia-abutments for a wide range of titanium-bases without the necessity of scan-bodies or implant-libraries. The aim of this study was to compare the fit of abutments produced with these two different ways.

Methods: A1 and A2 for titanium-base Neoss-Aesthetic-RP were fabricated eight times with a designed cement-gap of 30µm on the Lava™ CAD/CAM-System (3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany). The fabrication-steps comprised scanning, designing, milling and sintering. Finally the fit onto the titanium-base was assessed by two dental technicians with a ranking scale from 1 (poor) to 5 (perfect fit) resulting in 16 data points each. In addition, the inner diameter at the bottom side of the abutment was measured with an Inductive-Dial-Comparator to calculate the cement-gap.

Results: The following table lists the means and standard deviations (in brackets) of the ranking and of the calculated cement gap:

Method Ranking Cement-gap [µm]

A1 4 .94 (±0 .18) 32 .7 (±3 .1)

A2 4 .75 (±0 .27) 42 .0 (±3 .4)

There is no significant difference between A1 and A2 for the ranking (Mann-Whitney-Test, p>0.05). The difference regarding the cement-gap results from the use of a scan-spray for A2 and might be compensated by designing a smaller cement-gap.

Conclusions: Customized abutments produced with the Lava™ System by directly scanning the titanium-base have the same fit like abutments using a geometry-library. The use of a scan-spray has to be taken into account when defining the cement-gap.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the fit of library-based and directly-scanned 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia abutments.

Results of the study: Customized abutments produced by directly scanning the titanium-base when using the 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ CAD/CAM System have the same fit as abutments made using a geometry library.



45

1058AADR 2010

Lava™ Chairside Oral Scanner C.O.S. Margin Characteristics of PFM Crown Copings Fabricated on Stereolithography ModelsW . MOORE

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, P . DUNNE2, E . DOHERTY1, M . NELSON2, M . FINKELMAN1, and G . KUGEL1, 1Tufts University, Boston, MA, 23M ESPE, Lexington, MA

Objectives: To determine to what extent micro layer steps resulting from the manufacturing process of stereolithography (SLA) dental models are transferred to the margins of copings used in porcelain fused to metal crowns (PFM).

Methods: Nine chrome cobalt cast prepared teeth were scanned using the 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Chairside Oral Scanner (COS). SLA models were created and metal copings manufactured. Four locations per coping were randomly selected and microscopic photographs were taken of the SLA model and coping interface, and the chrome cobalt prepared teeth and coping interface at those locations. The margins of the chrome cobalt teeth preparations, SLA models, and copings were digitally traced on the micrographs. The tracings were superimposed on each other to develop a graphical representation of the margins.

Results: Out of 36 margin locations, 25 showed no steps in the SLA model, with no transfer of steps to the coping. Eleven locations showed distinct steps in the SLA model. At three of those locations the steps were transferred to the metal coping resulting in a stepped appearance of the coping margin. Two locations showed moderate transfer of the steps to the coping with some areas having a stepped appearance and other areas having a rounded wave-like appearance. The remaining six locations showed slight transfer to the copings with a rounded wave-like appearance.

Conclusions: Copings manufactured from SLA dental models have the potential to be imprinted with micro layer steps during manufacturing. However, most locations showed no steps and those with steps were generally rounded in appearance. There is only a very slight correlation (approximately 8%) between the micro layers on the SLA models and marginal characteristics and in cases where strong correlation was observed the resultant feature had a maximum delta of 50um.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: Steriolithography is used in many different industries with great success. The additive process used in stereolithography (SLA), while considered more accurate than deduction or subtractive, was believed to have the potential to interfere with prepared margins.

Results of the study: The results demonstrate that even when “stair steps” occur at the margins of a prepared tooth, they are rounded and the resultant feature had a maximum delta of 50 μm. The image above demonstrates that it is possible to produce superior marginal fit using SLA models.

Figure 1: Micrograph of steps resulting from the deposition of polymer resin micro-layers during the manufacture of stereolithography dental models .



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1060AADR 2010

Lava™ Chairside Oral Scanner C.O.S.Accuracy of 3M-Brontes Stereolithography Models Compared to Plaster Models M . OGLEDZKI

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, K . WENZEL2, E . DOHERTY

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, and G . KUGEL1, 1Tufts University, Boston, MA, 23M ESPE, Lexington, MA

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of full-arch dental models from a digital intra-oral scanning system, the Lava Chairside Oral Scanner (COS.) to those produced using traditional 3M VPS impression materials cast in type III plaster, Heraeus Kulzer labstone.

Methods: Using a LAVA COS., three chrome-cobalt metal full upper arch models A, B, and C, were each scanned three times to produce nine stereolithography (SLA) models. The same three metal full upper arch models were impressed with 3M ESPE Imprint light body and regular body VPS impression material and poured using a type III plaster, three times each. The resulting nine SLA and nine stone models were scanned using the LAVA desktop model scanner to produce digital image representations of the 18 casts. Geomagic Studio, graphical analysis software, compared the digital images of the 18 casts to digital reference images provided by an independent agent who conducted a laser scan of the original three metal models.

Results: The results are reported in microns below in Table A. The comparison was based on the average positive and average negative deviations from the reference models in microns.

Table A . Accuracy study results reported in average microns .

Model Mean (+) Deviation Mean (-) Deviation Standard Deviation

Stone Average 34 .50 -51 .69 67 .43

SLA Average 36 .43 -49 .42 56 .66

Conclusion: The scanning data shows no significant difference in models produced using either the intra-oral scanning system or traditional VPS materials.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: As digital technologies are introduced into the field of dentistry there is a need to determine if they are equal to or better than traditional (or analog) techniques. Therefore, this study compares the accuracy of plaster (analog impressions) full-arch dental models and those created using the process of stereolithography (digital impressions).

Results of the study: The “heat” maps generated using graphical analysis software demonstrate that SLA models are equal to, or in some instances, superior to the traditional methods of model fabrication. Overall, there was no significant difference found in the accuracy of SLA models when compared to plaster.

A1 SLA A2 C2 SLA C2



47

0696IADR 2010

Lava™ Chairside Oral Scanner C.O.S.Clinical Evaluation of the Lava™ COS Intraoral Scanning SystemA . SYREK1, G . REICH2, D . RANFTL1, J . BRODESSER1, B . CERNY1, and C . KLEIN1, 13M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany, 2Private Dental Practice, Munich, Germany

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the fit of all-ceramic crowns fabricated from Lava COS impressions with the fit of all-ceramic crowns fabricated from silicone impressions.

Methods: Twenty patients agreed to take part in the study to receive two Lava crowns each for the same preparation. One crown was fabricated from intraoral scans, and the other crown from a two-step silicone impression. Prior to cementation, the marginal, occlusal and interproximal fit of both crowns was clinically evaluated by two calibrated and blinded examiners; the marginal fit was also scored from replicas. Data from the replica scores were analysed by Anderson-Darling test, Levene’s test and Mann-Whitney test. All tests were performed with α-level of 0.05.

Results: Mean marginal gap in the conventional impression group was 78 µm±8.9, median 70.5 µm; in the digital impression group 53 µm±4.9, median 49.0 µm. Mann-Whitney test revealed a significant difference between the groups (p<0.05). With regard to tooth surfaces, the mean marginal gaps in the conventional group were: mesial 69 µm±9, distal 102 µm±30, buccal 78 µm±12 and lingual 62 µm±12. The corresponding gaps for the digital group were: mesial 52 µm± 8, distal 64 µm±12, buccal 43 µm±8 and lingual 53 µm±10. No differences were found regarding the occlusion. There was a trend for better interproximal fit for the digitally fabricated crowns.

Conclusions:

1. Crowns from Lava COS impressions revealed significantly better marginal fit than crowns from silicone impressions.

2. Marginal discrepancies in both groups were clinically acceptable.

3. Crowns from intraoral scans tended to show better interproximal contact area quality.

4. Crowns from both groups performed equally well as regards occlusion.

Supported by 3M ESPE.



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1230AADR 2010

Lava™ CeramMechanical Properties of Y-TZP/ Porcelain Interface With Multiple Surface Treatments A . ARREJAIE, R . GIORDANO, and R . POBER, Boston University, Boston, MA

Objectives: Evaluate the bond strength of different conventional veneering porcelains to Y-TZP materials with various surface treatments.

Evaluate the effect of revising the firing chart of Lava Ceram (3M ESPE) on the bond strength to Y-TZP.

Methods: 200 Y-TZP discs (Lava 3M ESPE) were randomly divided into 20 groups with four different surface treatments.

1. As sintered.

2. Grinding using a 120-grit resin bonded diamond disc (Struers) with a 0.0008 kg/mm2 load.

3. Grinding followed by heat treatment of 1,000°C for 15 min

4. Sandblasting using 50 micron alumina oxide. The pressure was adjusted to 80 Psi (six bars), and the powder rate was adjusted to 4.2 gram/min. The distance from the nozzle of the handpiece to the specimens was 20 mm with a speed of 30 mm/min.

Discs were veneered with five conventional veneering porcelains: VM9 (Vita). Noritake CZR cerebian (Noritake), NobelRondo Zirconia (Nobel biocare), Lava Ceram, and revised Lava Ceram firing chart.

The powder water slurry mix was condensed into a mold to form a button with a diameter of 4 mm and height of 3 mm. All specimens were subjected to a shear bond test using a 4 mm notched blade on universal testing machine (Instron) with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.

Results:

VM9 Noritake Nobel Rondo LavaCeram (regular firing)

LavaCeram (custom firing)

As sintered 33 .1±5 .3 24 .7±4 .9 43 .8±6 .8 32 .2±6 .8 46 .92±6 .2

Grinding 59 .22±6 .87 47 .8±6 .8 64 .64±6 .66 54 .9±6 .62 72 .05±5 .7

Grinding + Heat treatment 83 .13±13 .1 65 .1±5 .03 88 .7±11 .3 65 .53±9 .2 94 .6±7

Sandblasting 48 .28±8 .3 43 .31±6 .8 60 .5±11 .09 45 .06±6 .2 66 .48±9 .63

Conclusions: Surface treatments have a significant effect on the bond strength of multiple conventional veneering porcelains to Lava zirconia. Increasing the firing temperature of Lava Ceram significantly increased the bond strength to Lava zirconia.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the bond strength of different conventional veneering porcelains to 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia when using a variety of surface treatments. The study also compares the existing firing protocol with a new firing protocol for Lava™ Zironia and 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Ceram porcelain.

Results of the study: Surface treatments have a significant effect on the bond strength of multiple conventional veneering porcelains to Lava Zirconia. Custom firing significantly increases the bond strength of Lava Ceram to Lava Zirconia.

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4002IADR 2010

Lava™ CeramThermal Compatibility of Different Y-TZP Core and Veneering Ceramics S . KARAKOCA NEMLI, H . YILMAZ, C . AYDIN, and B . TURHAN BAL, Gazi Universitesi, Ankara, Turkey

Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to assess thermal compatibility of different Y-TZP core material and veneering ceramics designed for zirconia by measuring the thermal expansion coefficients (TEC).

Methods: The materials selected for this study are 5 Y-TZP zirconia core material and seven veneering ceramics. Cercon base (CC), Lava All-Ceramic (LC), Zirkonzahn (ZC), Vita In-Ceram 2,000 YZ Cubes (VC) and Procera Bridge Zirconia (PC) were core materials. Veneering porcelains used in the study were Lava Ceram Veneer (LV), Cerabien ZR (CrbV), IPS e.max (IPSV), Vintage ZR (VnV), Vita VM9 (VtV), Zirox (ZV), and Cercon Ceram Kiss (CrcV). Three disk shaped specimens (9 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness) for each material were prepared. The specimens were heated from room temperature to 500°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min using a thermal dilatometer. Mean values of three specimens were calculated for the TEC.

Results: Coefficients of thermal expansion during heating from 25°C to 500°C varied with the ceramics tested ranged from 10.3 × 10–6°C to 11.1 × 10–6/°C for the Y-TZP core materials and 8.6 × 10–6/°C to 10.2 × 10–6/°C for veneering ceramics.

Conclusions: The findings of present study indicate that LV, CrcV, and IPSV showed low TEC differences with all core materials. As ZV and VntV showed acceptable compatibility with all core materials, other veneering ceramics revealed high TEC differences with some of the core materials.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To assess the compatibility of the thermal expansion coefficients of five different Y-TZP core materials and seven different veneering ceramics.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Ceram Overlay Porcelain showed low thermal expansion coefficient differences with all core materials tested.



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0650IADR 2010

Lava™ CeramInfluence of Cooling Rate on Flexural Strength of Veneering Ceramic S . BRODAM, C . SCHILLE, and J . GEIS-GERSTORFER, University of Tuebingen, Dental School, Section Medical Materials & Technology, Tuebingen, Germany

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate whether heat treatment with an elongated cooling rate has an influence on flexural strength of the veneering ceramic Lava™ Ceram (3M ESPE, Seefeld).

Methods: Specimens (n=20) were manufactured according to the company’s recommendation and grind into dimensions of 3 mm × 4 mm × 35 mm. Before final heat treatment, the specimens were divided into two groups. One group was heat treated with the conventional cooling rate (control group), the other with an elongated cooling rate. Half of each group was next loaded in a chewing simulator (Version 3.1.29, Willytech, Munich) to create a defined surface roughness (simulation of bruxism).

Flexural strength was evaluated in a four-point bending test on a universal testing machine according to DIN EN 843-1. The flexural strength values were analysed statistically by post hoc comparisons using Tukey-test. The roughness value Pt was taken as a criterion for judging the influence of roughness on the strength.

Results: Specimens without surface damage procedure showed lower values regarding mean flexural strength when manufactured with an elongated cooling rate. After loading procedure specimens manufactured with conventional cooling rate showed a significant decrease of flexural strength values (p<0.05) while specimens with elongated cooling rate constitute a homogeneous group even after treatment in chewing simulator (p>0.05).

The mean flexural strength and standard deviation [MPa] is given in the table.

without surface damage with surface damage

Conventional cooling 98 .0 ± 14 .7 72 .4 ± 17 .2

Elongated cooling 93 .6 ± 11 .6 78 .1 ± 15 .3

Conclusions: As a trend, the final heat treatment revealed an influence on the flexural strength of the veneering ceramic Lava™ Ceram when it is scheduled with an elongated cooling rate.

Supported by 3M ESPE.

Influence of Cooling Rate on Flexural Strength of Lava™ Ceram

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the influence of an elongated cooling rate on the flexural strength of 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Ceram Overlay Porcelain using a four-point bending test.

Results of the study: After loading, specimens with conventional cooling rates showed a significant decrease in flexural strength. Whereas specimens with elongated cooling rates constituted a homogeneous group, even after chewing simulation. A final heat treatment with elongated cooling rates had a positive influence on the flexural strength of Lava Ceram Overlay Porcelain. As a trend, the final heat treatment revealed an influence on the flexural strength of the veneering ceramic Lava Ceram when it is scheduled with an elongated cooling rate.

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0660IADR 2010

Lava™ CeramBond Strength Values Between Zirconia Cores and Various Veneering Ceramics P . KOSYFAKI, W . ATT, S . WITKOWSKI, and J .R . STRUB, University Hospital of Freiburg, Dental School, Freiburg, Germany

For esthetic restorations, zirconia cores are being veneered with veneering ceramics. Due to different physical properties, the bond strength value (BSV) between veneering ceramic and zirconia core can be influenced by the type of ceramic used.

Objectives: To evaluate the BSV between zirconia cores and different veneering ceramics before and after thermocycling.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-eight zirconia cores were divided into seven groups and veneered with different veneering ceramics (n=34): Lava Ceram (Group I), Nobel Rondo Zirconia (Group II), Cercon Ceram KISS (Group III), GC Initial Zr-FS (Group IV), Creation ZI (Group V), IPS e-max Ceram (Group VI) and Vita VM 9 (Group VII, Control group). Half of the specimens of each group (n=17) were subjected to thermocycling. Subsequently, all specimens underwent a three point bending test (DIN EN ISO 9693:2,000). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effect of veneering ceramic and thermocycling on BSV. Least-square means (LSMEANS) and pairwise differences of LSMEANS were calculated and p-values were adjusted by the method of Tukey-Kramer.

Results: The mean BSV (MPa(±s.d.)) before and after thermocycling were, respectively: Group I: 23.45(±3.93)-26.51(±5.84), Group II: 24.73(±4.26)-27.94(±6.06), Group III: 24.16(±2.77)-25.23(±4.81), Group IV: 26.24(±5.21)-27.49(±4.48), Group V: 23.70(±4.06)-25.89(±3.1), Group VI: 24.32(±3.56)-26.36(±5.12), and Control group: 31.50(±3.61)-28.95(±4.95). No statistically significant differences were found between the BSV between and within different groups (p>0.05). Thermocycling showed no significant effect on the BSV of different groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The BSV between zirconia core and veneering ceramics seems not to be influenced by the type of the veneering ceramic.

Bond Strength Between Zirconia and Veneering Ceramics

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the bond strength values between zirconia cores and various veneering ceramics before and after thermocycling.

Results of the study: Differences in ceramic brands and thermocycling had no statistically significant effect on the bond strength between the zirconia cores and various veneering materials.

Vita VM 9 IPS GC Initial Nobel Rondo Creation ZI Cercon Ceram Lava Ceram (control) e-max Zr-FS Zirconia KISS Ceram

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Bond

Stre

ngth

(MPa

)

Bond strength value (MPa) before thermocycling

Bond strength value (MPa) after thermocycling



52

4003IADR 2010

Lava™ CeramAdhesion Mechanisms at the Interface Between Lava™ Zirconia and Lava™ Ceram C . MONACO1, P . CARDELLI1, R . SCOTTI1, A . TUCCI2, and L . ESPOSITO2, 1University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 2Centro Ceramico, Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism acting at the interfaces between Y-TZP LAVA and veneering ceramics LAVA Ceram.

Method: Ten specimens of pre-sintered zirconia material were obtained by cutting two standard blocks (LAVA) using a low-speed diamond disc (MDS100, Norton, USA) in a special device. After sinterization of a LAVA block, LAVA Ceram was sintered on the zirconia material. The microstructure of the surface and the interfaces between the two ceramics was analysed by using a scanning electron microscope (Zeiss EVO 40; Karl Zeiss Corp, Germany) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray analyser (EDS, Inca; Oxford Instruments, United Kingdom), after gold sputtering.

Results: Different punctual micro-analysis was conducted in the contact area zirconia-veneering ceramics. The EDS spectrum corresponding to the interface area presents large amount of zirconia and the elements, characteristics of the veneering materials.

Conclusion: It’s possible assume that after sinterization of veneering ceramic on the zirconia a small “hybrid layer” is presented at the interface between the two ceramic materials.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the adhesion mechanisms at the interfaces between 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia and 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Ceram Overlay Porcelain by means of different punctual micro-analysis.

Results of the study: The result of the study revealed the presence of a small “hybrid layer” at the interface between Lava Zirconia and Lava Ceram.

53



0220AADR 2010

Lava™ DVSInitial Strength of CAD/CAM Veneered All-Ceramic Posterior Restorations A . HERRMANN, G . SCHECHNER, and G . KINDLER, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: Lava™ DVS (3M ESPE) is the first commercially available CAD/CAM veneering for zirconia restorations. The aim was to evaluate the initial strength of Lava™ DVS posterior crowns, compared to conventionally manufactured all-ceramic crowns.

Methods: Five different all-ceramic restorations were tested: an anatomical designed Lava™ zirconia coping veneered with Lava™ DVS (DVS), an anatomical designed Lava™ coping veneered with IPS e.max® ZirPress (Ivoclar) (ZP-A), a non anatomical designed Lava™ coping (uniform thickness of 0.5mm) veneered with IPS e.max® ZirPress (ZP-NA), and a monolithic IPS e.max® CAD (Ivoclar) crown (CA-1.2). All these crowns were designed with a minimum occlusion thickness of 1.2 mm and an identical outer shape. IPS e.max® CAD crowns were also fabricated with a minimum occlusion thickness of 1.5 mm to maintain the manufacturer instructions (CA-1.5). For each group, 10 samples were fabricated according the manufacturers instructions. All crowns were cemented with Ketac™ Cem (3M ESPE) and loaded in a universal testing machine (Instron 5566) with a 10 mm steel ball with a traverse speed of 0.5 mm/min. The measurements were stopped if a decrease of force or a cracking noise occurred. The maximum fracture force was measured.

Results: Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test at a significance level of 5%. DVS (F=3715±623N) shows a high initial fracture force. There is no statistical difference between DVS and ZP-A: (F=3368 ± 676N). To all other groups DVS shows a statistical higher fracture force (ZP-NA: F=2808 ± 690N; CA-1.2: F=1373±250N and CA-1.5: F=3147±364N).

Conclusion: The results show that Lava™ DVS is expected to have a better mechanical performance compared to non anatomical designed zirconia restorations or lower strength framework crowns with the same crown thickness.

Fracture Force

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the initial strength of 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Digital Veneering System DVS posterior crowns compared to conventionally manufactured all-ceramic crowns with anatomically and non-anatomically designed 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Zirconia copings and with monolithic glass-ceramic crowns.

Results of the study: The Lava DVS posterior crowns showed a significantly higher fracture force compared to non-anatomical designed zirconia restorations and to lower strength framework crowns with the same crown thickness.

IPS e.max® CAD IPS e.max® CAD Lava™ Zirconia, non anatomical Lava™ Zirconia Lava™ Zirconia IPS e.max® ZirPress anatomical anatomical IPS e.max® ZirPress Lava™ DVS 1.5 mm (CA-1.5) 1.2 mm (CA-1.2) 1.2 mm (ZP-NA) 1.2 mm (ZP-A) 1.2 mm (DVS)

500045004000350030002500200015001000

5000

Initi

al F

ract

ure

Forc

e (N

)



54

1406IADR 2010

Lava™ DVSEconomic Manufacturing of High-Quality Full-Ceramic Crowns SCHECHNER, G . KINDLER, T . HIEBEL, and J .C . FARR, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: The full digital support of prosthodontic workflows, ranging from direct oral scanning to a complete CAD/CAM manufacturing of restorations, promises improved clinical performance and economics. For today’s gold standard for full ceramic restorations—veneered zirconia frameworks —particularly the veneering part still is produced by manual techniques (hand layering, overpress). The newly commercialized Lava Digital Veneering System (DVS, 3M ESPE) now allows applying the veneering porcelain controlled by CAD/CAM. The manufacturing efficacy of DVS is quantified in relation especially to the apparently most efficient conventional technique, overpress veneering.

Methods: Six real case zirconia frame crowns (three anterior, one cuspid, one premolar, one molar, Lava frame, 3M ESPE) were veneered with DVS and overpress porcelain (Zirpress, Ivoclar, OPV). Each case was repeated five times by overall four randomly deployed technicians. All CAD/CAM steps were done on a Lava system (Scanner, Software release 5.0 full contour with reduction, Lava CNC 500, 3M ESPE). Durations of all working steps and process steps directly were recorded. Further processing to the final restoration was done according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Results: DVS (42–52 min) takes significantly less working time (dental lab-technician time needed to produce complete crown) compared to OPV (110–126 min); while taking parallelization into account both groups show a decrease (see table), however, the reduction remains about half for DVS compared to OPV. The reduction of the complete process time (all machining and labour steps from scanning the model to the final crown) is even more pronounced (DVS 8:35–9:01, OPV 14:50–15:06 hr).

Conclusion: Full ceramic crowns can be produced more economically with DVS compared to conventional techniques. Especially the possibility of a one shift manufacturing of a complete crown seems valuable. With this advancement high quality crowns can get a broader distribution resulting in a positive impact for public health.

Parallelization: number of simultaneously manufactured crowns

DVS (Lava DVS)

OPV (Zirpress on Lava frame)

Overpress with CAD CAM wax up

1 47 118 90

2 44 105 77

3 43 101 73

4 43 99 71

5 43 98 70

Economic Manufacturing of Full Ceramic Crowns

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the manufacturing efficacy of the 3M™ ESPE™ Lava™ Digital Veneering System DVS compared to conventional overpress veneering.

Results of the study: Less time was required by a dental technician to produce a complete crown when working with Lava DVS as compared to the overpress technique.

1 2 3 4 5

140120100

80604020

0Wor

king

Tim

e in

Min

. (m

ean) DVS (Lava DVS)

Overpress with CAD/CAM wax upOPV (Zirpress on Lava frame)

Number of Simultaneously Manufactured Crowns

55



0129CED 2009

Paradigm™ CFlexural Resistance of CAD/CAM Blocks for CEREC A . VICHI, F . DEL SIENA, M . SEDDA, G . CORCIOLANI, and M . FERRARI, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

Objective: To compare the flexural strength of marketed CAD/CAM block using the three-point bending test on the basis of the recent ISO Standard 4872:2008(E).

Methods: Eight different types of ceramic blocks available for CEREC CAD/CAM system were tested for flexural resistance with three-point bending test. The sample and the experimental configuration were set-up following the new ISO 4872 (9-2008) specification in which sample preparation and testing for CAD/CAM Blocks is first-time standardized. Samples were prepared in rectangular cross section of the following dimensions: 15 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm. For each material, 15 samples were prepared to allow Weibull statistical analysis according to ISO standard. After being cut from the blocks with an Isomet-low speed-saw, the specimens were finished and polished with a sequence of 180-1200-grit paper. After polishing, the samples were positioned in a flexural test fixture fabricated following ISO specification, with a distance between rollers of 13 mm. The tests were performed in a universal testing machine (Controls, Milano, Italy) at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Flexural strength was calculated in MPa. Weibull Modulus and Weibull Characteristic Strength were calculated according with ISO specification.

Results:

Manufacturer Ceramic Block Strength (MPa) Weibull Modulus Weibull Characteristic Strength

VITA Vita Mark II 102 .77 ± 3 .60 33 .80 104 .42

VITA Vita Triluxe 101 .95 ± 7 .28 16 .35 105 .25

VITA Vita Triluxe Forte 105 .06 ± 4 .93 25 .55 107 .25

SIRONA Cerec Blocs 112 .68 ± 7 .97 16 .83 116 .24

SIRONA Cerec Blocs PC 105 .40 ± 5 .39 22 .45 107 .93

IVOCLAR Empress CAD LT 125 .10 ± 13 .05 11 .55 130 .34

IVOCLAR Empress CAD Multi 100 .86 ± 15 .82 7 .52 107 .38

3M Paradigm C 109 .14 ± 10 .10 12 .69 113 .58

Conclusion: All the materials tested fulfilled the flexural strength minimum requirement for Class 2 ceramic materials (aesthetic ceramic adhesively cemented for single-unit anterior or posterior prostheses), as for of the new ISO Standard 4872:2008(E) for CAD/CAM Blocks.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the flexural strength of different CAD/CAM blocks according to ISO 4872:2008(E).

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Paradigm™ C Blocks for CEREC® System fully meet the requirements for flexural strength values in a three-point bending test according to the new ISO standard for CAD/CAM blocks.



56

0687IADR 2010

Paradigm™ CClinical Evaluation of CAD/CAM-Generated Ceramic Onlays D . FASBINDER, J . DENNISON, and D . HEYS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Objective: This randomized, longitudinal clinical trial studied the clinical performance of a leucite-reinforced porcelain (Paradigm C; 3M/ESPE) and a feldspathic porcelain (Vita Mark II; Vident) for chair-side CAD/CAM-generated onlays cemented with a self-etching, self-adhesive resin cement.

Methods: One clinician placed 62 onlays (31 Paradigm C=PC and 31 Vita Mark II=VM) in 39 molars and 23 bicuspids for 43 patients. The onlay preparation extended at least one-half the intercuspal distance and at least one cusp was not covered with the onlay. The preparation had a minimum of 1.5 mm occlusal reduction, 1.2 mm axial reduction, and rounded shoulder margins. A CEREC three unit (Sirona Dental) was used to fabricate the CAD/CAM onlays chair-side. The onlays were etched internally with 4.9% HF acid, silanated, and then cemented with a self-etching, self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem; 3M/ESPE).

Results: Tooth sensitivity was evaluated by report to cold stimulus (number of teeth): one week: PC (1), VM (1); two weeks: PC (0), VM (1) with no sensitivity reported in either group after three weeks through one year. The crowns were evaluated by two examiners using a modified USPHS rating. The percentage alpha scores (baseline, six months, one year) were: margin adaptation - PC (100, 100, 97), VM (100, 100, 100); margin discoloration - PC (100, 100, 100), VM (100, 97, 97). The percentage of alpha scores for color match, anatomic form, surface finish, cusp/tooth fracture, caries, and onlay fracture were 100% for both materials at all recall intervals. Two-year recall results will be presented as well. One PC onlay debonded at six months and another PC onlay required endodontic treatment at 18 months.

Conclusions: The leucite-reinforced and feldspathic onlays have performed similarly well with a self-etching, self-adhesive cement at one year.

This study was supported by a grant from 3M/ESPE.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: The aim of this randomized, longitudinal clinical study was to evaluate the clinical performance of 3M™ ESPE™ Paradigm™ C Blocks for CEREC® System and Vita™ Mark II ceramic onlays manufactured with a chair-side CAD/CAM-System.

Results of the study: Both materials (leucite-reinforced porcelain and feldspathic porcelain) performed equally similarly well after one year.

57



1297IADR 2010

Paradigm™ MZ100 Fatigue-Resistance and Microleakage of CAD/CAM Ceramic and Composite Molar Crowns A . KASSEM1, O . ATTA1, and O . EL-MOWAFY2, 1Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, 2University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Objective: Aim of this study was to determine effect of compressive cyclic-loading on fatigue-resistance and microleakage of monolithic molar ceramic and composite crowns fabricated using CEREC-3D and cemented with two adhesive resin cements.

Methods: Thirty-two extracted molars were prepared to receive CEREC crowns according to manufacturer’s guidelines using special paralleling device (Parallel-A-Prep, Dentatus) for standardized angle of convergence. Sixteen feldspathic all-ceramic crowns (Vita Mark-II, VITA Zahnfabrik) and 16 resin composite crowns (Paradigm-MZ100 blocks, 3M ESPE) were made using CEREC-3D machine (Sirona Dental Systems). Eight crowns of each group were cemented to their respective teeth using self-etching resin cement (Panavia F-2.0, Kuraray) and eight crowns were cemented using self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem Clicker, 3M ESPE). Following storage for one week in water, crowns were subjected to uniaxial compressive cyclic-loading in a universal testing machine (Instron) at 12 Htz for 1,000,000 cycles. Load applied at cental fossa and cycle range was 60-600N. Specimens were then subjected to microleakage testing. Data were statistically-analyzed using factorial ANOVA and Post Hoc (Tukey HSD) tests at a significance level of P<.05.

Results: All composite crowns survived the compressive cyclic-loading while three ceramic crowns (37.5%) from the group cemented with RelyX Unicem Clicker developed surface cracks at center of occlusal surfaces and extended laterally. Microleakage scores of the ceramic crowns cemented with Panavia F-2.0 were significantly lower than those of the other three groups (p<05).

Conclusions: After one million cycles of compressive cyclic loading Paradigm MZ100 composite molar crowns were more fatigue-resistant than Vita MarkII ceramic ones with none of 16 crowns undergoing any signs of breakdown. Microleakage scores of ceramic crowns cemented with Panavia F-2.0 were significantly lower than those of ceramic crowns cemented with RelyX Unicem Clicker and those of all composite crowns.

Acknowledgements: Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education, 3M/ESPE, Vita Zahnfabrik, Kuraray, Sirona.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the fatigue-resistance and microleakage of composite crowns made of 3M™ ESPE™ Paradigm™ MZ100 Block for CEREC® System and all-ceramic crowns made of Vita™ Mark II blocks.

Results of the study: After one million cycles of compressive cyclic loading, Paradigm MZ100 block composite molar crowns were more fatigue-resistant than Vita Mark II ceramic. All Paradigm MZ100 block crowns survived the compressive cyclic loading.

58

Indirect Restorative References

0039 CED 2009

Tear Strength of New Elastomeric Impression MaterialsD . NATHANSON, Y . TAKAHAMA, R . LHERAULT, and M . ATTAR, Boston University, Boston, MA

0108 CED 2009

Clinically Relevant Application Times of Impression MaterialsO . SAKER, F . RUPP, J . GEIS-GERSTORFER, and E . ENGEL, Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Prosthodontics and Medical Materials, Tübingen, Germany

0238 CED 2009

The Flowability and Viscoelasticity of Medium-Bodied Elastomeric Impression MaterialsM . TSUNOOKA, S . FUKUSHIMA, H . KAMOHARA, T . SAKUMA, and S . AKAHANE, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

0297 CED 2009

Flow of Dental Impression MaterialsT . KLETTKE, B . KUPPERMANN, D . RANFTL, and J . ZECH, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

0245 AADR 2010

Clinical Comparison of Two Impression Materials-Effectiveness for Inexperienced OperatorsD . CAKIR1, M . ANABTAWI2, S . O’NEAL2, L . MITCHELL2, L .C . RAMP2, and J . BURGESS2, 1University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 2University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL

0240 AADR 2010

Impression Material Tear Strength Before and After Recommended Setting TimeN . LAWSON1, L .C . RAMP1, D . CAKIR2, P . BECK1, and J . BURGESS1, 1University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 2University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL

0238 AADR 2010

Flow Ability on Different Working Time of Polyether and VPSC .E . SABROSA1, L . MIRAGAYA1, R . NASCIMENTO1, R . ANDREIUOLO1, L . VASCONCELOS1, L . ALVES1, and M .F . DE GOES2, 1Universidade Do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

0241 AADR 2010

Contact Angle Measurement of a ROMP Impression MaterialC . LUU, D . XIE, and D . TOBIA, Kerr Corporation, Orange, CA

0242 AADR 2010

Wetting Ability and Chemical Compatibility of Precision Impression MaterialsT . KLETTKE, B . KUPPERMANN, R . DIETER, and Z . JOACHIM, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany

0244 AADR 2010

Time Dependant Hydrophilicity of Quick Setting Monophase Impression MaterialsJ . ZECH, E . DECHENT, D . RANFTL, and T . KLETTKE, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

0535 AADR 2010

Impact of Implant System on Transfer Accuracy in Implant ImpressionsK . WEGNER, K . WESKOTT, M . BALKENHOL, P . REHMANN, and B . WÖSTMANN, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

0541 AADR 2010

Impression Technique, Material and Inter-Implant Span Effect on AccuracyZ . BAGHERI1, Z . JACOBSON2, and D . NATHANSON2, 1Boston University, Quincy, MA, 2Boston University, Boston, MA

1235 AADR 2010

Comparison of Shark Fin to Custom DeviceE . KAMINSKY, R .D . PERRY, M . FINKELMAN, and G . KUGEL, Tufts University, Boston, MA

1238 AADR 2010

Comparison of Flow Behaviour of Four Impression MaterialsA . SAMAD-ZADEH, C . DEFURIA, R .D . PERRY, and G . KUGEL, Tufts University, Boston, MA

1370 AADR 2010

Digital vs . Plaster Models Using Alginate and Alginate Substitute Materials C .H . KAU, J .D . ENGLISH, A .M . SALAS LOPEZ, H .I . BUSSA, R .K . ELLIS, J .A . CORBETT, and G . TOROSSIAN, University of Texas Houston/Health Science Center, Houston, TX

2866 IADR 2010

Accuracy of Plastic Tray vs . Metal Tray for Implant-Supported ProsthesisL .A .P . PINELLI, M .A . DEL’ACQUA, A .L .C . AMARAL, R .G . BATITUCCI, J .A . VASCONCELOS, and F .A . MOLLO JUNIOR, Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, Araraquara, Brazil

1490 IADR 2010

Influence of a New Syringe on Impression Materials PropertiesP . OSSWALD, H . HOFFMANN, A . BOEHM, M . PEUKER, J . ZECH, and T . KLETTKE, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

3364 IADR 2010

Effect of Mixing Technique on Bacterial Attachment to Impression MaterialU . GULER, Y . BUDAK, Y . OCAL, E . RUH, S . CANAY, and Y . AKYON, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

2338 IADR 2010

Bacterial Test System for Root Canal Filling Methods and MaterialsR . POLLAK1, T . BENSEL1, M . DUERR1, M . BORNEFF-LIPP1, and C .R . GERNHARDT2, 1Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Insitute of Hygiene, Halle, Germany, 2Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Halle, Germany

0486 IADR 2010

Dental Impressions: To Lubricate or Not, That is the QuestionP . KANDA, B . CHEHROUDI, and N .D . RUSE, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

2875 IADR 2010

Transfer Accuracy of Implant Impressions: Influencing FactorsK . WEGNER, I . KNOCHE, M . BALKENHOL, P . REHMANN, and B . WÖSTMANN, Department of Prosthodontics, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany

2882 IADR 2010

Rheological Properties of Impression Materials and Shark-Fin-Test: A Correlation AnalysisM . ZENGINEL, U . HEUN, J . STELZIG, M . BALKENHOL, and B . WÖSTMANN, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany

3883 IADR 2010

Flow Properties of 12 Impression Materials Using Shark-Fin TestG . BONCI, E . COCCIA, G . MASSARIA, and G . RAPPELLI, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy

1436 IADR 2010

Dimensional Changes of Elastomers in Simultaneous Molding/Occlusal Registration TechniqueT .J .D .A . PAES-JUNIOR1, E .T . KIMPARA2, A .L .S . BORGES1, S .C .M . CAVALCANTI1, F .R . PINTO1, and B .R .P . DE ALMEIDA1, 1Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, São José dos Campos, Brazil, 2Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, São José dos Campos, Brazil

59

Indirect Restorative References (continued)

0477 IADR 2010

Wetting Behaviour of Polyvinylsiloxane-Polyethers in a Semiclinical ModelB . WÖSTMANN1, M . ZENGINEL1, P . REHMANN2, and M . BALKENHOL1, 1Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany, 2Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany

2885 IADR 2010

Effects of Immersion Disinfection on Polyethers and Silicone Impression MaterialsF . FAHID, M . NESBIT, C .J . TREDWIN, and A . PETRIE, Unit of Prosthodontics, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom

2887 IADR 2010

Dimensional Accuracy of the New Vinylsiloxanether Impression Material with DisinfectionT . STOBER1, G . JOHNSON2, M . SCHMITTER1, and P . RAMMELSBERG1, 1Department of Prosthodontics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany, 2University of Washington, Seattle, WA

2889 IADR 2010

Scanning Accuracy, Impression Materials vs . Plaster CastsS . RUES, D . MÜLLER, P . RAMMELSBERG, and M . SCHMITTER, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

3892 IADR 2010

Evaluation of Synthetic Materials for an In Vitro Mandibular Edentulous ModelN . AL-KAISY1, N . MARTIN2, C . MILLER1, and A . JOHNSON1, 1School of Clinical Dentistry, The university of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, 2University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom

2890 IADR 2010

Effect of Disinfectants on the Accuracy of Implant Impression TechniquesM .M . EL-SHEIKH, T . MOSTAFA, and A . EL-GENDY, University of Tanta Faculty of Dentistry Prosthodontic Department, Tanta, Egypt

3923 IADR 2010

Three-Dimensional Precision of CAD/CAM Manufactured vs . Cast Implant FrameworksS . HOLST1, E .R . TAWDROUS1, H . GEISELHÖRINGER2, M . WICHMANN1, and M . KARL1, 1University Clinic Erlangen—Dental Clinic 2Prosthodontics, Erlangen, Germany, 2Nobel Biocare AG, Zurich, Switzerland

1429 IADR 2010

Mixing Quality of Different Dynamic Mixers for Impression MaterialsT . KLETTKE, K . SCHEPKE, and J . GRAMANN, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

0237 AADR 2010

Physical Properties of Four Provisional Restorative Materials M . SALARI, C . GARCIA-GODOY, J . ROTHROCK, R . SMITH, and J . THOMPSON, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL

1442 IADR 2010

In Vitro Wear of Provisional Restorative Resins S . SUZUKI1, S . MURAHARA2, D . CAKIR1, H . MINAMI2, K . SAKOGUCHI2, Y . MINESAKI2, T . TANAKA2, and J .O . BURGESS1, 1University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 2Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan

2280 IADR 2010

Biocompatibility of New CAD/CAM-Machinable Materials for Provisional Long-Term Restorations F .M . JAKOB1, G . JUNGBAUER1, J . SCHNEIDER2, Y . MALYK1, D . EDELHOFF2, R . HICKEL1, and K . HUTH1, 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology & Pedodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany, 2Department of Prosthodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

4467 IADR 2010

A New Pontic Design for Inlay-Retained Fiber-Reinforced Fixed Partial Dentures R . SESEOGULLARI DIRIHAN1, I .H . TACIR1, P .K . VALLITTU2, and L .V .J . LASSILA2, 1Dicle Univresitesi, Diyarbakir, Turkey, 2University of Turku, Turku, Finland

1126 AADR 2010

Dental Status Among Children With and Without Special Needs R . KAROLL, M . HEIMA, S . NELSON, and G . FERRETTI, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH

1325 AADR 2010

Bonding Orthodontic Brackets to Stainless Steel Crowns D . STEWART, E . TUFEKCI, P . MOON, and S .J . LINDAUER, Virginia Commonwealth University - VCU/MCV, Richmond, VA

0100 CED 2009

Stability, Adaptation and Wear of Different Pediatric Crowns R . LANG, M . ROSENTRITT, and G . HANDEL, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

0620 IADR 2010

Microtensile Bond Strength of Self-adhesive Resin Cements After Thermal Aging N . ESCRIBANO, M .V . FUENTES, B . BARACCO, M . ROMERO, Á . GONZÁLEZ, and L . CEBALLOS, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain

2910 IADR 2010

Effect of Composite Surface Treatment on mTBS of Resin Cements M .V . FUENTES, N . ESCRIBANO, B . BARACCO, A . GONZALEZ, M . ROMERO, and L . CEBALLOS, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain

3930 IADR 2010

Aging Affects Bond Strength on Root Dentin M . COUTINHO, Universidade Federal Mato Grosso Do Sul, Campo Grande, YT, Brazil, A . LEME, Piracicaba Dental School - University of Campinas, Campo Grande, Brazil, L . OLIVEIRA NETO, Dentistry School - University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil, J .R . ZORZATTO, Computer Faculty - University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil, and L .A .M .S . PAULILLO, Piracicaba Dental School - University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil

4475 IADR 2010

Long-Term Bond Strength and Nanoleakage of Self-Adhesive and Multi-Step Cements A .F . REIS, A .C . KASAZ, R .S . DE ALEXANDRE, C .E . PENA, R .G . VIOTTI, and C .A .G . ARRAIS, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil

4526 IADR 2010

Influence of Y-TZP Ceramic Treatment on Bond Strength to Dentin H .L . CASTRO, Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, São José dos Campos, Brazil, M . BOTTINO, Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, São José dos Campos/SP, Brazil, and A . DELLA BONA, Univ . of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil

2292 IADR 2010

Resin Cement Properties and Stress Effects with Different Polymerization Methods C .J . SOARES1, A . VERSLUIS2, D . TANTBIROJN2, P .B . SOARES1, and A . FERNANDES NETO1, 1Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil, 2University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

0622 IADR 2010

Influence of Cavity Configuration on μ-TBS of Two Resin Cements B . BARACCO, E . CABRERA, M .V . FUENTES, N . ESCRIBANO, I . GIRALDEZ, and L . CEBALLOS, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain

60


0674 IADR 2010

Microtensile Bond Strengths of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements to a Ceramic W . KUPHASUK, L . TADMALEE, and P . SENAWONGSE, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

4485 IADR 2010

Influence of Relining on Push-Out Bond Strength of Fibre Posts R .A .D .C . NUNES1, P .C . CARDOSO2, R . GONDO1, S .C . CABRAL3, M .B . OLIVEIRA3, G . LOPES4, and L .C .C . VIEIRA1, 1Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, 2EAP Goiás-Funorte, Goias, Brazil, 3EAPGoiás-Funorte, Goiania, Brazil, 4Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Lagoa da Conceicao Florianopolis SC, Brazil

4484 IADR 2010

Fiber Posts Bond with Modified Resin Cement: Aging, Restoration Influence P . MAURÍCIO1, J . REIS1, L . PROENÇA1, and S . GONZÁLEZ-LÓPEZ2, 1Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal, 2University of Granada, Spain, Granada, Spain

4483 IADR 2010

Bonding of FRC-Posts-Influence of Luting Systems After Aging S .M . BINUS1, T . EBERT1, A .T .A . KOCH1, A . PETSCHELT1, J .M . POWERS2, and C . BERTHOLD1, 1Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Dental Clinic1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Erlangen, Germany, 2University of Texas - Houston/Health Science Center, Houston, TX

4482 IADR 2010

Bonding of FRC-Posts-Influence of Luting Systems and Post Design T . EBERT1, A .T .A . KOCH1, S .M . BINUS1, J .M . POWERS2, A . PETSCHELT1, and C . BERTHOLD1, 1Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Dental Clinic1, Erlangen, Germany, 2University of Texas - Houston/Health Science Center, Houston, TX

0307 IADR 2010

Bond Strength of New and Old Self-Etching Resin Cement D . LAFUENTE, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica

0672 IADR 2010

Shear Bond Strength of a Self-Adhesive Resin Cement to Zirconia J .R . MEDINA-VALDIVIA, Sr ., G .B . FRANCISCONI, A .C . FRANCISCHONE, R .F .L . MONDELLI, and C .E . FRANCISCHONE, FOB-USP, Bauru, SP, Brazil

4509 IADR 2010

Degradation of Dual-Cure Resin Cements and Pre-Treated CAD/CAM Ceramics Bonds R .C . OYAGÜE1, M . TOLEDANO2, F . MONTICELLI3, A . ROMEO4, E . OSORIO2, and R . OSORIO2, 1Complutense University of Madrid, UCM, Madrid, Spain, 2University of Granada, Granada, Spain, 3University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain, 4Unversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

3038 IADR 2010

Contraction Stress and Micro-Hardness Analysis of Self-Adhesive and Dual-Cured Cements A . FRASSETTO, G . MARCHESI, B . CODAN, R . DI LENARDA, L . BRESCHI, and M . CADENARO, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

0310 IADR 2010

Dentin Adhesion of Fiber Posts Combined With Various Self-adhesive Resins M . DIMITROULI, W . GEURTSEN, and A .-K . LÜHRS, Hannover Medical School, Clinic of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover, Germany

4493 IADR 2010

Fiber Post Bonding Using Self-Etching and Resin Cements S . PALLOTTINI, A . LLUKACEJ, C . MONACO, and P . BALDISSARA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

1386 IADR 2010

Effect of Surface Treatment on Bonding to Ytria-Stabilized Zirconia Ceramic L . MIRAGAYA1, C .E . SABROSA2, L . MAIA3, M .F . DE GOES4, and E .M . SILVA1, 1Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2Universidade Do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janiero, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 4Dental School of Piracicaba, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, Brazil

4479 IADR 2010

Effect of Chlorhexidine Pre-Treatment on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts V . ANGELONI1, G . MARCHESI1, A . MAZZONI2, M . CADENARO1, E . DE STEFANO DORIGO1, and L . BRESCHI1, 1University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy, 2University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

0617 IADR 2010

Bonding Efficiency of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements to Enamel V .V .B . FERNANDES JR, P . BENETTI, C . PAGANI, and C .R . GOMES TORRES, Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, São José dos Campos, Brazil

2901 IADR 2010

Comparison of Two Bond Strength Tests of Zirconia/Composite Interface MIRMOHAMMADI1, M . ABOUSHELIB1, A .J . FEILZER2, and C . KLEVERLAAN1, 1ACTA - Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2ACTA, Amsterdam, Netherlands

3045 IADR 2010

Degree of Conversion With Storage Time Periods of Luting Resins N . THAMRONGANANSKUL, and T . SRIAMPORN, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry,Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

0640 IADR 2010

Influence of Dynamic Loading and Different Adhesive Systems on Microleakage E . OZDEMIR1, S . ERKUT1, K . GÜLSAHI1, H . ORUCOGLU2, and T . YAVUZ3, 1Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey, 2Selcuk University Faculty of Dentistry Endodontics, Konya, Turkey, 3Selcuk Universitesi, Konya, Turkey

4569 IADR 2010

Curing Effectiveness of Two Dual Cure Post Lutting Materials F . CHASQUEIRA1, J . PORTUGAL2, L .P . LOPES1, and S . ARANTES OLIVEIRA3, 1University of Lisbon- Faculty of Dentistry, Lisbon, Portugal, 2University of Lisbon Dental School, Lisbon, Portugal, 3School of Dentistry, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal

3949 IADR 2010

A Novel Method for Dental Cements Shear Bond Strength Measurement K . OBRADOVIC-DJURICIC1, M . ZRILIC2, D . GAVRILOV1, I . BALAC3, V . MEDIC1, D . JANACKOVIC2, and P .S . USKOKOVIC2, 1Clinic for Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 2Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 3Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro

0678 IADR 2010

Shear Bond Strength of a Resin Cement to Zirconium-Oxide Ceramic N .K . SUNG, J .J . RYU, and J-K . KANG, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea

4488 IADR 2010

Retention of FRC-Posts Depending on Adhesive Cement and Aging C . KOENN, RWTH Aachen, Düsseldorf, Germany, D . EDELHOFF, RWTH Aachen, München, Germany, and R . MARX, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

61


4000 IADR 2010

Influence of Post-Cured Time on Self-Adhesive Resin Cements Microhardness E . BAENA1, L . CEBALLOS1, M .V . FUENTES1, M .A . GARRIDO2, and J . RODRIGUEZ2, 1Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain, 2Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain

1374 IADR 2010

Microtensile Bond-Strength of Self-Adhesive Luting Cements to Chlorhexidine Pre-Treated Dentin V . DI HIPOLITO1, R . ALONSO1, P . D’ALPINO1, M . CARRILHO2, F .P . RODRIGUES1, C . ANAUATE-NETTO1, and M .F .D . GOES3, 1Bandeirante University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 2Bandeirante University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 3Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

4562 IADR 2010

Microhardness of Different Cement Shades Inside the Root Canal V . VIGNOLO, L . CEBALLOS, M .V . FUENTES, M .A . GARRIDO, and J . RODRIGUEZ, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain

3999 IADR 2010

Light Curing Through Opaque Ceramic S . WIESBAUER1, K .-A . HILLER1, K .-H . FRIEDL2, and G . SCHMALZ1, 1University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, 2University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

3042 IADR 2010

Influence of Setting Circumstances on Microtensile Strength of Dual-Cure Cements L . JONGSMA1, C . KLEVERLAAN2, and A . FEILZER1, 1ACTA, Academic Centre for Dentristy Amsterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2ACTA - Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands

4477 IADR 2010

Fibre Post Bond Strength Related to Different Bonding Techniques G . STERZENBACH1, G . KARAJOULI1, R . TUNJAN1, M . NAUMANN2, and W .B . FREESMEYER1, 1Charite- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Berlin, Germany, 2Ulm University, Center of Dentistry, Ulm, Germany

3980 IADR 2010

Influence of Root-Canal Sealer and Luting-Cement on Fibre-Post Adhesion M . DULLA, A . LUSSI, and B . ZIMMERLI, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

3927 IADR 2010

Push-Out Bond Strengths of Fiber-Reinforced Posts Luted Different Adhesive Strategies U . ERDEMIR1, E . MUMCU2, F . TOPCU3, E . YILDIZ1, K . YAMANEL4, and M . AKYOL5, 1University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey, 2Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey, 3Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey, 4Baskent University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey, 5Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 1328 AADR 2010 Ankara, Turkey

3037 IADR 2010

Degree of Conversion of Self-Etching/Adhesive Compared to Dual-Cure Conventional Resin-Cements A .P . PEDREIRA1, T .B .C . CHIMELI1, J .L . MACEDO1, L . WANG2, L .M . PAULA1, and F .C .P . GARCIA1, 1University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil, 2Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil

0671 IADR 2010

Self-Adhesive and Conventional Cements: Bond-Strength on Y-TZP L .F . VALANDRO1, S . PASSOS2, D . BARBA3, L . MAY1, M . ÖZCAN4, and M .A . BOTTINO3, 1Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil, 2University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada, 3São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil, 4University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

0382 IADR 2010

Effect of Ceramic Surface Treatments on Bond Strength to Cements L . CUNHA1, F . GOYATA1, R . ALONSO2, L .R . SILVA-CONCILIO1, A .C . NEVES1, and S . RODE1, 1University of Taubate, Taubate, Brazil, 2Universidade Bandeirante, São Paulo, Brazil

3937 IADR 2010

Resin Cement and Thermocycling on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts O .M .M . GOMES, G .M . GOMES, L .A . ARANA, G .C . MARTINS, M .D . MICHEL, and J .C . GOMES, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil

1334 AADR 2010

Self vs . Light Cure Composite Cement Bonding to Core Composite A . AKHTAR, A . WOJCIK, M . PRAGER, and M .S . WOLFF, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY

1328 AADR 2010

Shear Bond Strength of Different Resin Cements to Zirconia C . DEFURIA, A . SAMAD-ZADEH, R . PERRY, and G . KUGEL, Tufts University, Boston, MA

0780 AADR 2010

Effectiveness of Self-Adhesive Cements G . GREITZER, None, Tarrytown, NY, J . KANCA, None, Middlebury, CT, and E . KRAUSE, None, Waterbury, CT

0437 AADR 2010

Effect of Dentin-Cleaning Techniques on the Bond Strength to Dentin H . BAPOO, A .S . RIZKALLA, G .C . SANTOS, Jr ., and M .J .M .C . SANTOS, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

0434 AADR 2010

Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive and Conventional Resin Cements to Dentin T . AGUIAR1, C . ANDRÉ1, G . AMBROSANO1, L . CORRER-SOBRINHO2, and M . GIANNINI3, 1State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil, 2State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 3University of Campinas - Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

0253 AADR 2010

Comparative Study on Radiopacity of Fiber Posts and Resin Cements K . MCCLENDON, A . RIPPS, and Y . FAN, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA

0235 AADR 2010

Interaction of a Resin Luting Cement with Two Aqueous Media N .K . SARKAR1, J . BENNETT1, J . CHEUK1, and A . FALSTER2, 1Louisiana State University School of Dentistry, New Orleans, LA, 2University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA

0230 AADR 2010

Indirect Composite Bonded With Self-Adhesive Cement A . ANTUNES, M .F . DE GOES, G .M .D . DE SOUZA, and M .A .C . SINHORETI, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil

0229 AADR 2010

Bonding Between Primed Zirconia and Composite Using Self-Adhesive Resin Cement K . YOSHIDA1, K . KAMADA2, and T . SAWASE2, 1Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan, 2Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

0228 AADR 2010

Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Cements to Pressed Ceramics T . MAGNUSZEWSKI, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, and C . MUÑOZ, State University of New York - Buffalo, Buffalo, NY

62


0223 AADR 2010

Margin Assessment and Fracture Resistance of Adhesively Luted Ceramic Crowns J . EL GUINDY, D . MOSTAFA, and M . EL-AGROUDI, Cairo University in Egypt, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo, Egypt

1018 AADR 2010

Primer Effect on Bond Strength of Resin Cements to Zirconia G . MILLAN, M . RAAD, M . ATTAR, and D . NATHANSON, Boston University, Boston, MA

1332 AADR 2010

Bond Strength Between ProCAD and Two Commercial Composite Resin Cements E . ALAKHRAS, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, and R . SEGHI, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

0436 AADR 2010

Bond Strength of Luting Cements to Silorane-Based Composite Surfaces M .F . DE GOES1, C .H .M . ARITA2, and M .A .C . SINHORETI1, 1Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, Brazil, 2Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil

1223 AADR 2010

Dentin Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Using Different Cements M . LATTA, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, and T . BOSS, Creighton University, Omaha, NE

0097 CED 2009

Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Cements to Different Treated Indirect Composites L . CEBALLOS1, M .V . FUENTES1, and S . GONZÁLEZ-LÓPEZ2, 1Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain, 2University of Granada, Granada, Spain

0119 CED 2009

Early Hardness of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements Cured Under Indirect Composites I . GIRALDEZ1, L . CEBALLOS1, and J . RODRIGUEZ2, 1Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain, 2Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain

0023 CED 2009

Mechanical and Physical Properties of Resin-Cements Polymerized with Different Methods I . CEKIC-NAGAS, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, and G . ERGUN, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

0030 CED 2009

Influence of Dentin Preparation on the Bonding of Self-Adhesive Cements M .V . CARDOSO, A . MINE, A .A . NEVES, E . COUTINHO, K . VAN LANDUYT, J . DE MUNCK, and B . VAN MEERBEEK, Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

0051 CED 2009

Shear Bond Strength of ZrO2 Ceramic Material and Luting Cements K. OBRADOVIć-ĐURIčIć1, D. GAVRILOV1, M. ZRILIć2, and V. MEDIć1, 1Belgrade University, Faculty of Dentistry, Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 2Belgrade University, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro

0055 CED 2009

Influence of Luting Agents on the Microleakage of Fiber-Reinforced Posts E . OZDEMIR1, K . GULSAHI2, Y . KORKMAZ2, and S . ERKUT3, 1Baskent University Faculty of Dentsitry Department of Prosthodontics, Ankara, Turkey, 2Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey, 3Baskent University School Of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey

0110 CED 2009

Wear Gap Formation of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements: A CLSM Evaluation R . BELLI, A . PETSCHELT, M . PELKA, and U . LOHBAUER, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen Bavaria, Germany

0132 CED 2009

Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resins to Lithia-Disilicate Ceramic D. GAVRILOV1, K. OBRADOVIć-ĐURIčIć1, M. ZRILIÆ2, and B. JOKIć2, 1Belgrade University, Faculty of Dentistry, Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 2Belgrade University, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro

0320 CED 2009

Linear Expansion of Different Luting Cements After Water Storage C .A . WIEDIG, M . LUDSTECK, R . HECHT, and G . RAIA, 3M ESPE, Germany, Seefeld, Germany

0329 CED 2009

The Effect of Thermocycling on Bonding Effectiveness of Luting Agents I . YONDEM, Selcuk Universitesi, Konya, Turkey, O . TAK, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey, and A . USUMEZ, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey

0395 CED 2009

Human and Bovine Pulp-Derived Cell Reactions to Resin Cements H .E . ULKER1, K .A . HILLER2, G . SCHMALZ2, and H . SCHWEIKL3, 1Selcuk Universitesi, Konya, Turkey, 2University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, 3University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

0126 CED 2009

Self-Adhesive Cements Bonding: Influence of Dispensing Methods and Dentin Hydration C . MAZZITELLI1, F . MONTICELLI2, F . PAPACCHINI1, and M . FERRARI1, 1University of Siena, Siena, Italy, 2University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain

0126 CED 2009

Self-Adhesive Cements Bonding: Influence of Dispensing Methods and Dentin Hydration C . MAZZITELLI1, F . MONTICELLI2, F . PAPACCHINI1, and M . FERRARI1, 1University of Siena, Siena, Italy, 2University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain

3930 IADR 2010

Bonding of FRC-Posts to Bovine Teeth-Influence of Luting Systems A .T .A . KOCH1, S .M . BINUS1, T . EBERT1, A . PETSCHELT1, J .M . POWERS2, and C . BERTHOLD1, 1Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen, Dental Clinic1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Erlangen, Germany, 2University of Texas - Houston/Health Science Center, Houston, TX

0006 CED 2009

Performance Profile of Different Self-Adhesive Resin Cements R . HECHT, G . RAIA, M . LUDSTECK, H . RENNSCHMID, and C .A . WIEDIG, 3M ESPE, Germany, Seefeld, Germany

0046 CED 2009

Influence of Surface Pretreatment of Fiber Posts on Cement Delamination L .A . JONGSMA, C .J . KLEVERLAAN, and A .J . FEILZER, ACTA - Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands

0054 CED 2009

Evaluation of the Radiopacity of Luting Cements by Digital Radiography S .H . ALTINTAS1, T . YILDIRIM1, S . KAYIPMAZ1, and A . USUMEZ2, 1Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, 2University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey

2269 IADR 2010

Clinical Evaluation of Four Luting Cements: A Split-Mouth Study L . VAN ZEGHBROECK, University of Ghent, Gent, Belgium, and E . BOONS, CORBrussels, Brussels, Belgium

63


0581 IADR 2010

Do Desensitizers Affect the Retention of Questionable Preparations J . EL GUINDY, Assistant Professor, Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry,Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, D . MOSTAFA, Assistant Professor, Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry,Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, and R . SHERIF, Lecturer, Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

3766 IADR 2010

Addition of Chlorhexidine into Glass Ionomer Cements for Band Cementation M . FARRET, E .M . DE LIMA, E .G . MOTA, H .S . OSHIMA, and S .D . DE OLIVEIRA, Pontificia Un Catolica Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre - RS, Brazil

2972 IADR 2010

Evaluation of Fluoride Penetration From Adhesive Luting Cements to Tooth E . ÇÖMLEKOGLU, C . ARTUNÇ, P . BINGOL, M . SONUGELEN, and G . AKSOY, Ege Universitesi, Izmir, Turkey

3049 IADR 2010

Water Sorption and Solubility of Five Different Orthodontic Cements S . AKSAKALLI1, M .A . MALKOC2, B . COREKCI3, and S . MALKOC2, 1Selcuk Universitesi, Konya, Turkey, 2Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey, 3Selcuk University Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey

0424 AADR 2010

Retention of Zirconia Crowns With Different Cements and Artificial Aging R . SHAHIN, and M . KERN, Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

2917 IADR 2010

Efficacy of Surface Treatments at Titanium/Resin Cement Interface R .G . FONSECA, I .G . HANEDA, A .A . AMEIDA-JUNIOR, S .P . LEANDRIN, F .O . ABI-RACHED, and G .L . ADABO, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - Univ . Estadual Paulista, Araraquara - São Paulo, Brazil

3035 IADR 2010

Potential of Cure of Resin Cements Mixed With Bonding Agents T . AGUIAR1, M . OLIVEIRA2, L . CORRER-SOBRINHO1, C . ARRAIS2, and M . GIANNINI1, 1State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 2Univ . de Guarulhos, Guarulhos, Brazil

4043 IADR 2010

Resin Cement Hardness and Conversion Degree: Light-Curing Delay Time Effect R . TANGO1, P .C .D .P . KOMORI2, T .J .D .A . PAES-JUNIOR3, L .H .D . SILVA4, A .L .S . BORGES2, G .D .S .F .A . SAAVEDRA2, and L . CORRER-SOBRINHO5, 1Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, São José dos Campos, Brazil, 2State University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil, 3Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, São José dos Campos, Brazil, 4Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio Mesquita Filho”, São José dos Campos, Brazil, 5Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil

2259 IADR 2010

Evaluation of New Silicate Surface Modification Methods for Zirconia Ceramic K . TAKEUCHI, A . FUJISHIMA, A . MANABE, S . KURIYAMA, T . MIYAZAKI, and H . HISAMITSU, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan

4489 IADR 2010

Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts Comparing Adhesive Systems Protocols P .S . JARDIM1, A .S . MASOTTI1, T . PEREIRA CENCI1, F .M . COLLARES2, and S .W . SAMUEL2, 1Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil, 2Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil

4490 IADR 2010

Fiber Post Bond Strength: Influence of Cement Application Technique A .S . MASOTTI1, P .S . JARDIM1, F .M . COLLARES2, S .W . SAMUEL2, M .S . CENCI3, and F .F . DEMARCO4, 1Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil, 2Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 3School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil, 4Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas RS, Brazil

2914 IADR 2010

Mechanical-Cycling of Premolars With Composite-Inlay-Restoration: Effect on MTBS M . AMARAL, E . PROCHNOW, C .D . BERGOLI, T .B . SILVA, and L .F . VALANDRO, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil

4486 IADR 2010

Operator and Cementation System Affect Bond Strength of Fiber Posts G .M . GOMES1, O .M .M . GOMES2, J .C . GOMES1, G .C . MARTINS1, A . REIS2, A . LOGUERCIO2, F .A . SANTOS2, and A .L . CALIXTO2, 1Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil, 2Universidade Estadual De Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil

3723 IADR 2010

Post-Operative Sensitivity of Bridges When Cemented With Self-Adhesive Resin Cements D .E .-D . SAAD1, O . ATTA1, and O . EL-MOWAFY2, 1Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, 2University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

2180 IADR 2010

Tensile Resistance of Carbon-Fiber Post Cemented With Different Luting Agents S .M . PAULINO1, A .R . GIOVANI1, C .B . SOUZA FILHO2, F . MAGALHÃES2, Y . SILVA-SOUSA3, M . SOUSA-NETO4, A .M . CRUZ FILHO5, and L .P . VANSAN1, 1University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil - UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo, Brazil, 2University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil – UNAERP, Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo, Brazil, 3University of Ribeir„o Preto, Ribeir„o Preto, Brazil, 4University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil, 5University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo, Brazil

1232 AADR 2010

Accelerated Aging of Dual-Cure Cements: Conversion, Working and Setting Times M .M . MUTLUAY, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, and F . RUEGGEBERG, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA

1225 AADR 2010

Bond Strength of Adhesive Luting Cements to Dentin Y . KORKMAZ1, F .Y . CAKIR2, S . AK2, Z .B . KUTUKCU2, S . GURGAN2, and D . NATHANSON3, 1Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey, 2Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, 3Boston University, Boston, MA

0141 AADR 2010

Long-Term Bonding Efficacy of Immediate Dentin Sealing Techniques DUARTE1, J .-H . PHARK1, A .C . BOTTA2, A . AVISHAI1, A . HERNANDEZ1, and A . SADAN3, 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 2Case Western Reserve University and São Paulo State University, Cleveland, OH, 3University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA

0201 AADR 2010

Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements to Dentin W . NAUGHTON, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, and M . LATTA, Creighton University, Omaha, NE

140453 IADR 2010

Interfacial Strength and Morphology of New Self-Adhesive Resin Cements A . CANTORO1, C . GORACCI1, A . MAZZONI2, L . BRESCHI3, and M . FERRARI1, 1University of Siena, Siena, Italy, 2University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 3University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

3932 IADR 2010

Bond Strength of Fiber Posts After Thermo-mechanical Loading K . BITTER1, J . PERDIGAO2, M . EXNER1, K . NEUMANN3, and A .M . KIELBASSA1, 1Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CharitéCentrum3, Dept . of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Berlin, Germany, 2University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 3Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CharitéCentrum4, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany

64


1349 AADR 2010

Flexural Strength of Fiber Posts A . BUFFINGTON1, A . GARCIA-GODOY1, F . GARCIA-GODOY1, and M . FERRARI2, 1University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, 2University of Siena, Siena, Italy

0359 CED 2009

Effect of Sterilization on Fiber Posts Fracture Strength G . IORIZZO, S . BETAZZONI, L . CIOCCA, and P . BALDISSARA, University of Bologna, Bologna, Ital

0805 IADR 2010

Change of Shade by Light Polymerization in Resin Cements M . BULBUL, A . SECILMIS, and A . USUMEZ, Gaziantep Universitesi, Gaziantep, Turkey

2224 IADR 2010

SEM Study of Enamel Morphology and Resin-Enamel Interface After Bleaching M . HARIEDY1, O .M . FAHMY2, D . EL-KASSAS3, A . SHABKA1, and O . EL-MOWAFY4, 1Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, 2Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt, 3Cairo University and Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt, 4University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

0673 IADR 2010

The Impact of Resin-Cement Constraint on the Ceramic Reinforcement Conferred O . ADDISON1, S . AUSTIN1, and G .J .P . FLEMING2, 1University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2Dublin Dental School & Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

4001 IADR 2010

Micromechanical Properties of Veneer Luting Resins After Curing Through Ceramics E . OZTURK, Hacettepe University School of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey, R . HICKEL, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology at the Ludwigs-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany, S . BOLAY, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, and N . ILIE, Universitatsklinik fur Zahn-, Mund-und Kieferheilkunde, München, Germany

4097 IADR 2010

Resin Cements Effects on Colour of Relatively Thin Ceramic Veneers N . ALGHAZALI, F .D . JARAD, P .W . SMITH, and A .J . PRESTON, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

0798 AADR 2010

Color Match of Five Resin Veneer Cements and Try-In Pastes KIM-PUSATERI, C . PUSATERI, M . CAMPILLO-FUNOLLET, and C . MUÑOZ, State University of New York - Buffalo, Buffalo, NY

0666 IADR 2010

Effect of Media on Shear Punch Strength of Resin Cements R . BAGHERI, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran, M . BURROW, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and A . MESE, 1Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Dicle, Diyarbakýr, Turkey

2966 IADR 2010

Changes in Microhardness Over Time of Several Glass Ionomers A . GARCÍA, I . SÁNCHEZ, R . TRIANA, I . SOLER, J . ELLAKURIA, J . GOIRIENA, and P . CEARRA, The University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain

0781 AADR 2010

Shear Bond Strength Evaluation of Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Cements PAPPAS, M .T . PULIDO, and S .S . AZER, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

65



Results found in abstracts for Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Adper™ Easy One Self- Etch Adhesive .

1341IADR 2010

Adper™ Easy Bond AdhesiveEffect of Preliminary Dentin Etching on One-Step Self-Etch Adhesives M . TASCHNER1, F . NATO2, A . MAZZONI2, A . COVA2, R . FRANKENBERGER3, A . PETSCHELT4, and L . BRESCHI5, 1University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany, 2University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 3University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, 4Friedrich-Alecander University Erlangen, Dental Clinic1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Erlangen, Germany, 5University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

Objectives: Preliminary etching of the dentin substrate before the application of self-etch adhesives is controversial. Aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the effect of additional phosphoric acid etching on dentin before the application of two simplified self-etch adhesive systems.

Methods: Adper Easy Bond (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) and iBond (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) were selected for the study. Recently extracted human sound molars were flattened and adhesives were applied either with an etch-and-rinse (phosphoric acid etching for 15 sec followed by extensive water rinsing) or with a self-etch approach (i.e. in accordance with manufactures’ instructions). Treatment groups were (1) Adper Easy Bond on etched dentin; (2) Adper Easy Bond (control); (3) iBond (on etched dentin); (4) iBond (control). Resin-dentin bonded specimens were sectioned after 24 hr in accordance with the non-trimming technique for microtensile bond strength analysis and were immediately pulled to failure. Additional teeth were prepared for interfacial nanoleakage evaluation under light microscopy and TEM.

Results: Adper Easy Bond used on etched dentin (group 1) showed higher microtensile bond strength compared to all other groups (Table 1; Mann-Whitney U-test, p<0.05). Under light microscopy and TEM less nanoleakage was found for group 1 compared to all other groups.

Conclusions: These preliminary results support the use of Adper Easy Bond on etched dentin since increased immediate bond strength and reduced nanoleakage was found if compared to its application on smear-layer covered dentin (i.e. self-etch approach in accordance with manufactures’ instructions). Further in vivo studies should confirm this hypothesis.

Table 1: Values are mean bond strengths ± standard deviation in MPa.

Etched dentin Control

Adper Easy Bond 35 .8a ±5 .7MPa 26 .9b ±6 .2 MPa

iBond 24 .3b, c ±7 .9 MPa 17 .6c ±4 .3 MPa

Groups with different superscripts are statistically significant different (p<0.05). Premature failures due to preparation procedures were not included in the statistics.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: Preliminary etching of the dentin substrate before the application of self-etch adhesives is controversial. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the effect of additional phosphoric acid etching on dentin before the application of two simplified self-etch adhesive systems.

Results of the study: These preliminary results support the use of 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive on etched dentin since increased immediate bond strength and reduced nanoleakage was found if compared to its application on smear-layer covered dentin (i.e. self-etch approach in accordance with manufacturers’ instructions).



66

Results found in abstracts forAdper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive .

0144AADR 2010

Adper™ Easy Bond AdhesiveMicrotensile Dentin Adhesion of Adper™ Easy Bond in Total-Etch ModeN . KARIM1, B . SHUKLA1, C . THALACKER2, and S . VELAMAKANNI1, 13M ESPE Dental, St . Paul, MN, 23M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: This study investigated the bonding efficacy of Adper™ Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE), a seventh-generation adhesive, when used in total-etch (fifth generation) mode on either moist (EB-TE-moist) or dry (EB-TE-dry) superficial bovine dentin. The moist or dry condition of the tooth is after etching. The dry condition represents a product-misuse scenario.

Methods: A microtensile method was used to measure the tensile bond strengths (TBS) to dentin (composite: Filtek™ Z250 A2, 3M ESPE). EB in standard self-etch mode and the fifth-generation adhesive Adper™ Single Bond Plus (SB+, 3M ESPE) were tested as controls. Bonded specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 24 hr and then tested.

Results: Mean (std dev) TBS in MPa and p-values (two-sample t-tests, p<0.05) are listed in the table.

EB (control) EB-TE-moist EB-TE-dry SB+ (control)

TBS 52 .9 (15 .8) 58 .9 (13 .2) 45 .5 (7 .3) 53 .0 (13 .5)

n 28 28 27 28

p-value vs. EB (control) NA 0 .126 0 .031 0 .978

p-value vs. EB-TE-moist 0 .126 NA 0 .000 0 .102

p-value vs. EB-TE-dry 0 .031 0 .000 NA 0 .013

p-value vs. SB+ (control) 0 .978 0 .102 0 .013 NA

Conclusions: B-TE-moist was statistically equivalent to both Single Bond Plus and to Easy Bond in standard self-etch mode. EB-TE-dry (product-misuse scenario) yielded statistically lower results but maintained greater than 85% of the performance level of the controls.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the bonding efficacy of 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Easy Bond, a seventh-generation adhesive, when used in total-etch (fifth generation) mode on either moist (EB-TE-moist) or dry (EB-TE-dry) superficial bovine dentin after etching. The dry condition represents a misuse scenario for the product.

Results of the study: When used in total-etch mode on moist superficial bovine dentin, Adper Easy Bond adhesive was statistically equivalent to 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Single Bond Plus Adhesive moist and to Adper Easy Bond adhesive in standard self-etch mode. The total etch dry (product misuse scenario) for Adper Easy Bond adhesive yielded statistically lower results but maintained greater than 85% of the performance level of the controls.

Adper™ Easy Bond Self Adper™ Easy Bond Acid Adper™ Easy Bond Acid Adper™ Single Bond Plus Etch Control Etched -Moist Etched - Dry Etched - Moist

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Results found in abstracts for Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive .

0213AADR 2010

Adper™ Easy Bond AdhesiveBonding Durability of All-in-One Adhesive Systems Under Thermo-Mechanical Repeated Stress Y . NARA1, M . HARA1, T . YAMADA1, S . OGAWA1, T . MASEKI1, T . KIMISHIMA1, and I .L . DOGON2, 1Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, 2Harvard University, Boston, MA

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the bonding durability of three recent all-in-one adhesive systems; Tokuyama Bond Force (BF, TOKUYAMA), Adper Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE) and Clearfil Tri-S Bond (TS, KURARAY), as compared with that of a popular self-etching primer adhesive system; Clearfil SE Bond (SE, control, KURARAY).

Methods: Standardized V-shaped cavity was prepared in the cervical region of 80 extracted human premolars. The cavities were pretreated with the four systems (20 each) and then restored clinically according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A half of the restored specimens (10 each system) were subjected to thermo-mechanical repeated stress condition simulating oral environment; thermocycling (4ºC/60ºC × 1,250 sets) and simultaneous repeated-load (12kgf ×105 times). Another half of specimens were supplied as non-stress control group. Micro-tensile bond strengths (µ-TBS) to the gingival dentin wall of the specimens with and without the stress load were measured. The data of µ-TBS were examined using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s q-test.

Results: The mean µ-TBS(s.d.) in MPa of the specimens with/without the stress load were BF;11.4 (3.5)/22.2 (4.1), EB; 26.7 (8.7)/27.4 (4.9), TS; 13.7 (2.1)/20.3 (4.7), SE;15.4 (6.1)/25.1 (5.4). The difference in system and the mode of stress influenced significantly the µ-TBS. The µ-TBS of BF and SE under the stress condition were statistically smaller than the values under non-stress condition at p<0.01. However the µ-TBS of EB and TS did not vary with the mode of stress. There was no significant difference in the µ-TBS under non-stress condition among the four systems. Under the stress condition, the value of EB was significantly greater than those of the other systems at p<0.01.

Conclusion: The bonding durability, based on the µ-TBS, of the three all-in-one adhesive systems was similar to or superior to that of SE. The thermo-mechanical repeated stress decreased significantly the µ-TBS of BF and SE. However EB demonstrated excellent bonding durability that could maintain the µ-TBS over 25 MPa under the stress condition.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To examine the bonding durability of three recent all-in-one adhesive systems; Tokuyama Bond Force (BF, TOKUYAMA), 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive (EB, 3M ESPE) and Clearfil Tri-S Bond (TS, KURARAY), as compared with that of a popular self-etching primer adhesive system; Clearfil SE Bond (SE, control, KURARAY)

Results of the study: The bonding durability, based on the μ-TBS, of the three all-in-one adhesive systems was similar or superior to that of Clearfil SE Bond. The thermo-mechanical repeated stress decreased significantly the μ-TBS of Bond Force and Clearfil SE. However, Adper Easy Bond adhesive demonstrated excellent bonding durability that could maintain the μ-TBS over 25 MPa under the stress condition.

Adper™ Easy Bond Bond Force Clearfil™ 3S Bond Clearfil™ SE Bond

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0609IADR 2010

Adper™ Easy Bond AdhesiveBonding Stability of All-in-One Adhesive Systems With/Without Thermo-Mechanical Cyclic Stress Y . NARA1, M . HARA1, T . YAMADA1, S . OGAWA1, T . KIMISHIMA1, T . MASEKI1, and I .L . DOGON2, 1Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, 2Harvard University, Boston, MA

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the bonding stability of recent three all-in-one adhesive systems; Tokuyama Bond Force (BF, TOKUYAMA), Adper Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE) and Clearfil Tri-S Bond (TS, KURARAY), as compared with that of a popular 2-step self-etch adhesive system; Clearfil SE Bond (SE, control, KURARAY).

Methods: Standardized V-shaped cavity was prepared in the cervical region of 80 extracted human premolars. The cavities were pretreated with the four systems (20 each) and then restored clinically according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Half of the restored specimens were subjected to thermo-mechanical cyclic stress condition simulating oral environment; thermocycling(4ºC/60ºC × 1,250 sets) and simultaneous repeated-load (12kgf × 105 times). The other half of specimens were supplied as non-stress control group. Micro-tensile bond strengths (µ-TBS) to the gingival dentin wall of the specimens with and without the stress were measured. The data of µ-TBS (n=20) were examined using ANOVA, Tukey’s q-test and Weibull analysis.

Results: Mean µ-TBS(s.d.) in MPa and [Weibull modulus value; Wm] of the specimens with/without the stress were BF;11.4(4.2)[2.8]/22.2(6.4)[3.8], EB;26.7(10.9)[2.4]/27.4(6.4)[4.5], TS;13.7(3.1)[4.5]/20.3(5.8)[4.2], SE;15.4(7.4)[2.5]/25.1(9.3)[2.7]. There was no significant difference in the µ-TBS without the stress among the four systems, but the µ-TBS with the stress of EB was greater than the values of the other systems at p<0.01. Wm of the all-in-one systems were statistically similar to or greater than Wm of SE regardless of the stress conditions. Furthermore Wm of TS and SE did not vary with the stress conditions, although Wm of BF and EB with the stress were smaller than the values without the stress at p<0.01.

Conclusion: The bonding stability of the three all-in-one systems depended on the stress conditions and the systems. However, the bond strengths to cavity wall and the bonding reliabilities of the systems were similar to or superior to those of SE even under a severe stress condition simulating oral environment.

Microtensile Bond Strength (Mpa)

Non-Stressed Group Thermo-Mechanically Stressed Group

Adper Easy Bond 26 .7 (10 .9) 27 .4 (6 .4)

Clearfil SE Bond 15 .4 (7 .4) 25 .1 (9 .3)

Clearfil S3 Bond 13 .7 (3 .1) 20 .3 (5 .8)

Bond Force 11 .4 (4 .2) 22 .2 (6 .4)

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To examine the bonding stability of three recent all-in-one adhesive systems: Tokuyama Bond Force (BF, TOKUYAMA), 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive (EB, 3M ESPE) and Clearfil Tri-S Bond (TS, KURARAY), as compared with that of a popular 2-step self-etch adhesive system: Clearfil SE Bond (SE, control, KURARAY).

Results of the study: There was no significant difference in the µ-TBS without the stress among the four systems, but the µ-TBS with the stress of Adper Easy Bond adhesive was greater than the values of the other systems at p<0.01. The bonding stability of the three all-in-one systems depended on the stress conditions and the systems. However, the bond strengths to cavity wall and the bonding reliabilities of the systems were similar to or superior to those of Clearfil SE even under a severe stress condition simulating oral environment.

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0011IADR 2010

Adper™ Easy Bond AdhesiveDentin Permeability After Thermocycling of a Seventh-Generation Adhesive With Total-Etch B . SHUKLA1, R . RUSIN1, S . VELAMAKANNI1, C . SUMMERS1, and C . THALACKER2, 13M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN, 23M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: This study investigated the dentin permeability of Adper™ Easy Bond, (EB, 3M ESPE) in standard self-etch mode (EBSED) versus two experimental modes: total-etch on desiccated (EBTED) or moist (EBTEM) dentin. Also tested were clinically established sixth-generation (Adper™ Prompt™ L-Pop™, PLP, 3M ESPE) and fifth-generation (Adper™ Single Bond Plus, SBP, 3M ESPE) adhesives.

Methods: Extracted maxillary third molar crown segments were cemented onto polycarbonate plates with steel tube for filling the pulp chamber with aqueous 1% chloramine-T under 140 cm (H

2O)

pressure. The dentin was etched with 35% H3PO4 for 15 sec for measurement of maximum permeability with a Flodec™ apparatus (DeMarco Engineering). For the self-etch groups, a smear layer was created with 320-grit SiC sandpaper. After adhesive application, permeability was measured after seven-day storage at RT and again after thermocycling [5C–55C/30 sec/4900cycles]. Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s T-test (p<0.05).

Results: Permeability reduction is shown below as mean (SD). Groups in each column with the same superscript letter are not significantly different (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Permeability reduction after adhesive application was statistically not different among all five groups. Permeability reduction after thermocycling of EBTED was statistically higher than SBP; all other groups were not statistically different. EB used in total-etch mode on either desiccated or moist dentin sealed as well as its self-etch mode, and also as well as clinically established adhesives PLP and SBP.

Material n % Reduction in permeability post-adhesive, mean(SD)

% Reduction in permeability after thermocycling, mean(SD)

EBSED 10 99 .1(1 .0)a 93 .6(15 .6)ab

EBTEM 10 92 .2(18 .8)a 94 .9(11 .9)ab

EBTED 10 98 .2(2 .1)a 97 .3(5 .7)a

PLP 8 99 .0(1 .3)a 97 .5(3 .7)ab

SBP 10 97 .5(2 .4)a 75 .4(30 .7)b

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the dentin permeability of 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive, (EB, 3M ESPE) in standard self-etch mode (EBSED) versus two experimental modes: total etch on desiccated (EBTED) or moist (EBTEM) dentin. Also tested were clinically established sixth-generation (Adper™ Prompt™ L-Pop™ Adhesive, PLP, 3M ESPE) and fifth-generation (Adper™ Single Bond Plus, SBP, 3M ESPE) adhesives.

Results of the study: Permeability reduction after adhesive application was statistically not different among all five groups. Permeability reduction after thermocycling of Adper Easy Bond adhesive (EBTED) was statistically higher than 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Single Bond Plus Adhesive; all other groups were not statistically different. Adper Easy Bond adhesive used in total-etch mode on either desiccated or moist dentin sealed as well as in its self-etch mode and as well as clinically established adhesives such as 3M™ ESPE™ Prompt™ L-Pop™ Self-Etch Adhesive and Adper Single Bond Plus adhesive.



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2212IADR 2010

Adper™ Easy Bond Adhesive18-Month Bond Strength Evolution of All-in-One Adhesives D . KRUEGER, E . WANEK, A . SYREK, I . RICHTER, H . LOLL, and C . THALACKER, 3M ESPE, St . Paul, MN

Objectives: Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term storage on the shear bond strengths (SBS) of all-in-one (seventh-generation) adhesives to bovine enamel and dentin.

Methods: Bovine incisors were embedded in cold-cure acrylic resin. The labial surface of each tooth was ground to expose enamel or dentin. A cylindrical button of Filtek™ Z250 (4.67 mm diameter, 2 mm height) was cured on the tooth surfaces treated with Adper Easy Bond (AEB, 3M ESPE), iBond SE (IBSE, Heraeus Kulzer), Xeno V (XV, Dentsply), AdheSE One (AO, Ivoclar-Vivadent) according to the instructions for use (n=5). After storage intervals of 24 hrs (baseline t=0) and 18 months (t=18) in water at 37°C, the specimens were tested in shear mode using a Zwick Z010 universal testing machine (crosshead speed 2 mm/min).

Results: The table shows the SBS in MPa. The standard deviations (SD) are given in parentheses. All data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparisons using Fisher’s LSD procedure (p<0.05). Means with the same letters are statistically the same.

Material Enamel (t=0) Enamel (t=18) Dentin (t=0) Dentin (t=18)

AEB 20 .6(0 .9)bc 26 .4(1 .0)ab 28 .8(4 .0)a 20 .3(5 .9)bc

IBSE 12 .5(2 .4)e 20 .4(2 .9)bc 13 .1(6 .2)de 14 .3(1 .8)cde

XV 19 .3(3 .0)cd 16 .2(6 .2)cde 15 .1(10 .8)cde 11 .0(5 .0)e

AO 20 .3(3 .1)bc 17 .4(5 .0)cde 16 .9(10 .3)cde 14 .0(3 .7)cde

Conclusion: Multiple statistically significant differences were found. Overall AEB showed the highest SBS at baseline and 18 months.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of long-term storage on the shear bond strengths (SBS) of all-in-one (seventh-generation) adhesives to bovine enamel and dentin.

Results of the study: Overall, 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive showed the highest SBS at baseline and 18 months. Multiple statistically significant differences were found.

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Results found in abstracts for Adper™ Scotchbond™ SE Self-Etch Adhesive also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Adper™ SE Plus Self-Etch Adhesive .


Results found in abstracts for Adper™ Single Bond Plus Adhesive also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Adper™ Single Bond 1 XT Adhesive and Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive .

0028AADR 2010

Adper™ AdhesivesClinical Evaluation of Three Adhesive Systems in Class V Restorations R . SADID ZADEH1, J .O . BURGESS2, M . ANABTAWI1, D . GIVAN1, B . WALDO1, and L . RAMP1, 1University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 2University of Alabama School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL

Restoration of non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) is used to evaluate adhesive effectiveness.

Objective: The purpose of this clinical trial is to compare the clinical performance of two new self-etching dental adhesives in the restoration of NCCL to Single Bond Plus, a traditional one bottle total-etch dental adhesive.

Methods: Fifty adult patients 19 years or older were recruited after obtaining informed consent. Each had at least three NCCLs with minimum depth of 1.5 mm, no chronic periodontal disease, and normal salivary function. The teeth were restored randomly with Single Bond Plus, Easy Bond or Scotchbond SE dental adhesives and Filtek Supreme Plus (3M ESPE) composite resin. All restorations were isolated with a rubber dam and cleaned with flour of pumice. A short enamel bevel was made with an OS 2 bur (Brassler, GA) and high speed hand piece (NSK, Japan). One of the adhesives was applied following manufacturer’s directions. Application time was measured with a stop watch. The proper composite shade was selected, placed in 2 mm increments and cured using G Light (GC America, Chicago, IL). Output was measured daily (> 700mW/cm2). Finishing was completed using finishing burs (7901 and OS 2 Brassler). Polishing was completed with Sof-Lex and Enhance/PoGo polishing systems. Digital images were made before and after preparation, at baseline and at each recall. Patients were evaluated at base line (after 2 weeks) and six months for anatomic form, margin adaptation, staining, retention, surface roughness, color match, post-operative cold sensitivity and secondary caries. The results were evaluated with McNemars test.

Results: Of all placed restorations evaluated at six-month recall, one restoration failed.

Conclusion: Within the limits of this short term evaluation, there is no significant clinical difference between adhesives (p<0.05).

Adper Easy Bond Adper Scotchbond SE Adper Single Bond Plus

Retention 100 98 96

Anatomic Form 94 96 92

Color Match 94 92 94

Margin Integrity 100 94 92

Margin Discoloration 100 98 96

Surface Roughness 94 94 98

Secondary Caries 96 94 98

Staining 100 98 98

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the clinical performance of two new self-etching dental adhesives: 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive and 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Scotchbond™ SE Self-Etch Adhesive when restoring non-carious cervical lesions to that of 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Single Bond Plus Adhesive (a traditional one bottle total-etch dental adhesive).

Results of the study: Within the limits of this short-term evaluation, there is no significant clinical difference between adhesives (p<0.05).



72

Results found in abstracts for Adper™ Scotchbond™ SE Self-Etch Adhesive also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Adper™ SE Plus Self-Etch Adhesive .


Results found in abstracts for Adper™ Single Bond Plus Adhesive also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Adper™ Single Bond 1 XT Adhesive and Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive .

2201IADR 2010

Adper™ AdhesivesInfluence of Simulated Pulpal Pressure on Dentin Bond After One YearR . BELLI1, N . SARTORI2, L . DALMAGRO PERUCHI1, E . ARAÚJO1, S . MONTEIRO1, L . BARATIERI3, and U . LOHBAUER4, 1Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil, 2Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianopolis/SC, Brazil, 3Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, 4University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany

Objectives: To evaluate the dentin bond durability of simplified adhesives after one year under simulated pulpal pressure.

Methods: Class-I cavities were prepared in 60 human third molars with the pulpal wall located in mid-coronal dentin. The roots were cut off to expose the pulpal chamber, and the teeth were assembled in a pulpal pressure simulator device. One 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Single-Bond (SB), 3MESPE), one 2-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil-SE-Bond (CSE), Kuraray) and three all-in-one adhesives (Adper-SE-Bond (ASE), 3M ESPE; Adper-Easy-Bond (EB), 3M ESPE; Clearfil-S3-Bond (S3), Kuraray; Adhese_One (AO), Ivoclar) were applied according to manufacturer’s instructions. No enamel pre-etching was used for the self-etch systems. The cavities were filled with a composite (Z250, 3M ESPE) in four to five horizontal increments and individually cured. Immediately after final cure the pulpal pressure was set to 20 mm H

2O. After 24 hrs and 1 yr under simulate pulpal pressure the teeth were cut following

a ‘nontrimming’ microtensile test technique (n=30) and tested in tension. To the pre-test failure (ptf) specimens half of the lowest value was attributed. Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc multiple comparisons were used at α=0.05.

Results: Means±S.D. are given in MPa (ptf): SB24h 44.1±19.9 (0)a, SB1y 43.7±20.0 (0)a; CSE24h 27.3±15.6 (0)b, CSE1y 31.7±22.6 (4)ab; EB24h 22.3±10.0 (0)b, EB1y 22.9±13.6 (0)b; ASE24h 10.4±9.4 (10)c, ASE1y 8.0±9.8 (23)c; S324h 10.1±6.5 (6)c, S31y 8.4±6.2 (14)c; AO24h 5.7±3.1 (26)c, AO1y 5.1±9.4 (23)c. Means with same letters in columns are not statistically different (p<0.05). Comparing the 24-hr results with the bond strength data after 1 yr, no significant differences can be observed regardless of the adhesive used.

Conclusions: One year of simulated pulpal pressure did not accelerated dentin bond degradation with simplified adhesives.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the dentin bond durability of simplified adhesives after one year of simulated pulpal pressure.

Results of the study: One year of simulated pulpal pressure did not accelerate dentin bond degradation with simplified adhesives. 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Easy Bond Self-Etch Adhesive and 3M™ ESPE™ Adper™ Single Bond Plus Adhesive showed no decrease in bond strength.

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

24 Hour

1 Year

Adper Single Bond Plus Clearfil SE Bond Adper Easy Bond Adper SE Plus Clearfil S3 Bond Adhese One

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1355IADR 2010

Vitrebond™ Liner/BaseEffect of Glass Ionomer Liner on Interface Dentin/Resin, After Thermocycling M .T . ATTA1, P . SAMPAIO1, L .C . CASAS-APAYCO2, L . WANG1, L . FRANCISCONI1, and A . ALMEIDA, Jr .3, 1Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil, 2Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru -SP, Brazil, 3Araraquara School of Dentistry, University of the State of São Paulo, Araraquara, Brazil

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of glass-ionomer cement liner on the adhesive interface dentin/resin of lateral walls of oclusal restorations after thermocycling aging.

Methods: Sixty humans molars were divided into six groups: 1 and 4 - no liner; 2 and 5 - glass-ionomer cement – (Ketac Molar EasyMix – 3M/ESPE) and 3 and 6 - resin-modified-glass-ionomer cement –(Vitrebond – 3M ESPE). Resin composite Filtek Z250 and adhesive system Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) were placed. Adhesive system was mixed with fluorescent reagent (Rhodamine B) to allow confocal microscope analysis. Specimens of groups 4, 5, 6 were thermocycled into 2 baths (5ºC–55ºC) of 30 sec each in 5,000 cycles and then sectioned in 0.8 × 0.8mm slices. One slice of each tooth was randomly selected for confocal microscopy analysis to determine gap size. The other ones were sectioned in 0.8 mm × 0.8 mm sticks and submitted to microtensile test. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (bond strength) and Kruskal-Wallis (gap size).

Results: No statistical difference (<0.05) on adhesive strength was verified among groups (G1 – 19.28±9.30 MPa, G2 – 16.29±6.22 MPa, G3 – 15.95±7.26 MPa, G4 – 19.74±9.99 MPa, G5 – 16.58±8.61 and G6 – 16.01±6.95 MPA). Gap size at the interface were: G1 – 1.40 µm, G2 – 2.88 µm, G3 – 4.63 µm, G4 – 4.20 µm, G5 – 12.50 µm e G6 – 5.40µm. Confocal Microscopy analysis showed statistical higher gaps size in G5. RMGIC liner groups showed the lowest percentage of marginal gap.

Conclusions: Lining with resin-modified-glass-ionomer cement allowed less gap formation on dentin/resin interface after artificial aging. RMGIC or GIC liners did not influence microtensile bond strength of adhesive system/resin composite to dentin.

Grant from FAPESP # 08/02747-8.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To analyze the effect of glass-ionomer cement liners on the adhesive/composite interface to dentin on the lateral walls of occlusal restorations after thermocycling aging.

Results of the study: Lining with resin-modified-glass-ionomer allowed less gap formation on the dentin/resin interface after artificial aging. The use of resin modified glass ionomer vs. glass ionomer liners did not influence the microtensile bond strength of the adhesive system/resin composite to dentin.



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2937IADR 2010

Vitrebond™ Liner/BaseInfluence of Vitrebond™ Copolymer on Bonding to Dry Etched Dentin C . THALACKER, R . GUGGENBERGER, A . SYREK, H . LOLL, and D . KRUEGER, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Objectives: Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Vitrebond™ Copolymer (VBCP), a methacrylate functionalized polyalkenoic acid, on the bond strength of experimental adhesives to dry etched dentin.

Methods: Bovine incisors were embedded in cold-cure acrylic resin. The labial surface of each tooth was ground to expose dentin. The dentin surface was etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 sec, rinsed with water and aggressively dried with pressurized air for 15 sec. Experimental adhesive formulations containing varying amounts of VBCP were applied to the dentin for 20 sec, air thinned for 5 sec and light cured for 10 sec (Freelight 2, 3M ESPE). Then a cylindrical button of FiltekTM Z250 (4.67 mm diameter, 2 mm height, 3M ESPE) was cured on the adhesive surface (n=5). After storage in water at 37°C for 24 hrs, the specimens were tested in shear mode using a Zwick Z010 universal testing machine (crosshead speed 2 mm/min).

Results: The table shows the SBS in MPa. The standard deviations (SD) are given in parentheses. All data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparisons using Fisher’s LSD procedure (p<0.05). Means with the same letters are statistically the same.

%VBCP 0 0.5 1.0 2.0

SBS 10 .1(5 .9)a 17 .6(5 .1)b 29 .6(3 .1)c 28 .9(2 .4)c

Conclusion: The addition of VBCP significantly increased shear bond strength to dry etched dentin. This could potentially enhance tolerance toward variation in the application procedure, and lower the risk of post-operative sensitivities.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To investigate the effect of 3M™ ESPE™ Vitrebond™ Liner/Base (VBCP), a methacrylate functionalized polyalkenoic acid, on the bond strength of experimental adhesives to dry etched dentin.

Results of the study: The addition of Vitrebond Liner/Base significantly increased shear bond strength to dry etched dentin. This could potentially enhance tolerance toward variation in the application procedure and lower the risk of post-operative sensitivity.



75

Results found in abstracts for Ketac™ Nano Light-Curing Glass Ionomer Restorative also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Ketac™ N100 Light Curing Nano-Ionomer Restorative .

2971IADR 2010

Ketac™ Nano Light-Curing Glass Ionomer RestorativeTime Savings With Novel Static Mixing Capsule for RMGI MaterialsM . PEUKER1, A . BOEHM1, B . BROYLES2, A . FALSAFI2, V . MADSEN2, and J . OXMAN2, 13M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany, 23M Dental Products, St . Paul, MN

During clinical procedures, short preparation times of dental materials are desired to reduce the risk of tooth contamination and the overall treatment time. Dental material companies have developed paste/paste formulations to improve the ease, speed and quality of delivery. This requires new delivery devices for the mixing and application of these materials. With the novel 3M ESPE Quick Mix Capsule (QMC), delivering the RMGI restorative Ketac™ N100/Nano, reduced air voids, as shown in another study (Broyles et al AADR 2010) and handling benefits concerning ease and speed of preparation are offered.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to quantify the time savings using the QMC over triturated capsules, that where qualitatively indicated in an earlier clinical trial with 120 dentists.

Methods: Dental assistants (n=19) were timed while preparing their currently used powder liquid capsule (i.e. Fuji II LC™ or 3M ESPE Photac Fil™). A stopwatch recorded the time from initial activation of the capsule until the bleeding of a small amount of paste. The group repeated the experiment using the QMC.

Results: Mean preparation time for the triturated capsules was 37 sec±5.8 sec. Anderson Darling test showed normal distributed sample (p=0.05). The mean preparation time with the QMC was 12.5 sec±4.2 sec. Again, the Anderson Darling test showed a normal distribution (p=0.2). T-Test showed a preparation time difference between the triturated capsules and the QMC of 24.6 sec with 95% confidence interval (27.9 sec-21.2 sec). This difference was significant with t=14.9 and p=0.001.

Conclusion: The novel Quick Mix Capsule is significantly faster to prepare then the current triturated type capsules. These qualitative results are in line with the already promising quantitative results of the earlier clinical trial.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To quantify the time savings of 3M™ ESPE™ Quick Mix Capsule for the delivery of a paste/paste resin-modified glass ionomer compared to RMGI delivered from triturated capsules.

Results of the study: The new Quick Mix Capsule from 3M ESPE is significantly faster to prepare than traditional triturated capsules.



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0093AADR 2010

Ketac™ Nano Light-Curing Glass Ionomer RestorativeComparative Properties of RMGI Nanoionomer Restorative Delivered via Novel Automix-Capsule A . BOEHM1, B . BROYLES2, A . FALSAFI2, V .J . MADSEN2, S .B . MITRA2, J .D . OXMAN2, M . PEUKER1, and T . TON2, 13M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany, 23M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the mechanical and fluoride release properties of Ketac Nano (KN) nano-ionomeric resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) when paste/paste composition was mixed by hand spatulation on pad (HMX) vs. direct delivery from Quick Mix Capsule (QMC). Properties measured were flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), 2 mm bottom Barber-Coleman Hardness (BH2), and fluoride release (FR).

Method: For HMX samples, paste/paste composition was dispensed from Clicker system and subsequently mixed and cured per manufacturer’s recommendation. For QMC samples, mixed composition was directly used. Multiple specimens for FS and FM tests were made according to ISO 9917-2 guidelines. BH2 samples were made in stainless steel molds of 7 mm diameter and 2 mm height, sandwiched between polyester films and cured halogen light. Impressor GYZJ-935 was used to test and measure hardness of bottom surface. FR rates were measured by preparing three discs of materials (20 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) which were light cured and subsequently conditioned for 1 hr in 37C/95% RH chamber. Following the weight measurements for each disc, they were immersed in deionized water and F-concentration in the solution was measured after 1, 7, 14 and 28 days using fluoride selective electrode and TISAB buffer solution.

Results: Mean values including standard deviations in parentheses are summarized in following table.

Conclusions: ANOVA with Tukey’s comparison was performed at p<0.05. Ketac Nano paste/paste nano-ionomeric restorative showed statistically equivalent performance in mechanical and fluoride release properties delivered via either hand-mixed Clicker or auto-mixed Quick Mix Capsule.

System Delivery Format Flexural Strength, MPa

Flexural Modulus, MPa

Bottom Barcol Hardness number

28-day Cumulative Fluoride Release, micro-g F-/g sample

Ketac Nano Clicker

(KN-HMX)

Hand-Mixed

Multi-Dose Clicker

62(4) 3951(78) 89(1) 649(20)

Ketac Nano Quick Mix Capsule (KN-QMC)

Auto-Mixed

Unit-Dose Capsule

61(2) 3957(129) 87(2) 679(54)

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the mechanical and fluoride release properties of 3M™ ESPE™ Ketac™ Nano Light-Cured Glass Ionomer Restorative mixed by hand spatulation vs. auto-mix capsule delivery.

Results of the study: Ketac Nano restorative showed statistically equivalent performance in mechanical and fluoride release properties delivered via either hand-mixed or auto-mixed capsule.



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0094AADR 2010

Ketac™ Nano Light-Curing Glass Ionomer RestorativeMixing-System-Induced Air Voids in Glass Ionomer Filling MaterialsB . BROYLES1, A . FALSAFI1, A . BOEHM2, M . PEUKER2, V .J . MADSEN1, J .D . OXMAN1, T . TON1, M . HUGHES3, and M . BROSTROM4, 13M ESPE Dental Products, Saint Paul, MN, 23M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany, 33M Health Care, St . Paul, MN, 43M Co . - Corporate Research Analytical Laboratory, St . Paul, MN

Objective: The goal was to compare the quantity of voids in conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer (RM-GI) filling materials introduced by the method of mixing of these two-component systems. Specifically, the study compared triturated powder/liquid capsule systems, a hand-mixed powder/liquid system, a hand-mixed paste/paste system dispensed from Clicker multi-dose syringe, and an auto-mixed paste/paste system delivered via novel 3M ESPE Quick Mix unit-dose capsule.

Method: Specimens of each filling material were cast between microscope slides to a thickness of 0.005” after mixed per manufacturer’s instructions. Light cured samples were digitally photographed under high magnification. The two-dimensional void area fraction was quantified using Image-Pro Plus 6.3 image analysis software. A minimum of three images/sample were analyzed.

Results: Visual comparison of the images showed considerably more voids in the triturated and hand mixed samples compared to novel auto-mixed capsule samples. Mean porosity values and standard deviations are summarized below: .

Surface Void Fraction, %

Material Format Mix type Chemistry Company Avg. SD

Fuji II LC Capsule Powder/Liquid Triturate RMGI GC 11.1 0.6

Fuji II LC Powder/Liquid Hand-Mix RMGI GC 11.0 2.9

Fuji IX GP EXTRA Capsule Powder/Liquid Triturate GI GC 8.2 1.5

Ionofil Molar Quick AC Cap . Powder/Liquid Triturate GI VOCO 13.1 3.7

Ketac Nano Clicker Paste/Paste Hand-Mix RMGI 3M ESPE 6.4 2.5

Ketac Nano Quick Mix Cap . Paste/Paste Auto-Mix RMGI 3M ESPE 0.7 0.5

Three-dimensional pictures using X-Ray Micro-Scan Tomography will be presented .

Conclusions: ANOVA with Tukey’s comparison was performed at p<0.05. Ketac™ Nano paste/paste nano-ionomeric restorative dispensed via Quick Mix auto-mix capsule contained significantly lower void content (an order of magnitude) than other brands/dispensers when prepared per protocol above. This correlates well with clinical data that showed 60% of Fuji II LC and Fuji IX capsule users noticed less voids with Ketac Nano Quick Mix capsule.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the quantity of voids in conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer (RM-GI) filling materials when using different mixing systems.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Ketac™ Nano Light-Cured Glass Ionomer Restorative dispensed via 3M™ ESPE™ Quick Mix Capsule contained significantly fewer voids than other brands of glass ionomers dispensed via triturated capsules.



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0398IADR 2010

Ketac™ Nano Light-Curing Glass Ionomer RestorativeVoid-Content and Customer-Satisfaction of Glass-Ionomers: Novel Automix vs . Triturated Capsules A . BOEHM1, M . BROSTROM2, B . BROYLES3, A . FALSAFI3, V . MADSEN3, S .B . MITRA3, J . OXMAN3, M . PEUKER1, and T . TON3, 13M ESPE Dental Products, Seefeld, Germany, 23M Corporate Analytical Laboratory, St . Paul, MN, 33M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN

Objective: The goals of this study were to compare the clinical acceptance and physical properties of unit-dose Glass Ionomer (GI) filling restoratives. Materials were Ketac Nano (KN) nano-ionomeric resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI), a paste/paste composition which was directly delivered from Quick Mix Capsule (QMC), Fuji II LC (FIILC, GC) and Fuji IX (FIX, GC) triturated capsules.

Method: Polish, esthetics, as well as void content of mixed pastes were clinically evaluated by a large group of dentists (n=120) in a global field trial. Satisfaction with polish and esthetics were compared to currently used GI capsule on a scale of 1–5 where 1=poor, 3=same, and 5=excellent. Porosity of mixed pastes were also quantified using X-Ray Micro-Scan Tomography, a 3D-imaging technique, where multiple samples were prepared by dispensing the mixed paste directly into plastic tubes, and curing them per IFU followed by immediate void measurements.

Results: Mean values of porosity including standard deviations in parentheses, along with scores of clinical evaluation are summarized in following tables:

Material Code Format Capsule Chemistry 3D Porosity, %

Fuji II LC Capsule FIILC Powder/Liquid Triturated RMGI 0 .83 (0 .26)

Fuji IX GP EXTRA Capsule FIX Powder/Liquid Triturated GI 0 .54 (0 .23)

Ketac Nano Quick Mix Capsule KN-QMC Paste /Paste Auto-Mixed RMGI 0 .03 (0 .02)

Customer Customer satisfaction index for KN-QMC paste versus currently used capsule1=poor 5=excellent

% of customers rating KN-QMC as having less void

Polish Esthetics

FIILC users 4 .1 4 .0 61 .6

FIX users 3 .8 4 .2 66 .7

Conclusions: ANOVA with Tukey’s comparison was performed at p<0.05. Ketac Nano paste/paste nano-ionomeric restorative delivered via auto-mixed Quick Mix Capsule (KN-QMC) contained significantly lower void content compared to FIILC and FIX triturated capsules. This is consistent with the evaluation of dentists who used the above capsules in their practice. The dentists also expressed higher satisfaction with polish and esthetics of KN-QMC.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the clinical acceptance and physical properties of Glass Ionomer (GI) restoratives with different unit-dose dispensing systems.

Results of the study: 3M™ ESPE™ Ketac™ Nano Light-Curing Glass Ionomer Restorative delivered via auto-mixed 3M™ ESPE™ Quick Mix Capsule contained significantly lower void content compared to Fuji™ IILC and Fuji IX™ triturated capsules. These findings are consistent with other practice- based evaluations.



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2523IADR 2010

Ketac™ Molar Easymix Glass IonomerAtraumatic Restorative Treatment-ART in Babies: Four-Year Randomized Clinical Trial D . FAUSTINO-SILVA, Sr .1, M .C . FIGUEIREDO2, C .A .D .D .G . GUARIENTI2, and M .S .S . SALDANHA SAMPAIO2, 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Objectives: To evaluate the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) effectiveness in babies affected by Early Childhood Caries (ECC) after a 4-yr period, and to compare the clinical properties of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment of two different Glass Ionomer Cement (GICs): Ketac Molar Easy Mix® (3M ESPE) and Vitro Molar®(DFL).

Methods: Cohort of a randomized clinical trial, double-blind, split mouth. The initial sample was composed by 100 deciduous molars with oclusal caries of 25 children with ages between 18 and 36 mo who were treated with ART of two different GICs. The clinical evaluations were made by a trained, blinded and calibrated examiner in 1, 2 and 4-yrs (ART and USPHS criteria). To realize the analyses of the general clinical parameters of ARTs, using the percentage of success between the different GICs, it was used the Chi-Square test. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the individual clinical parameter between the materials, observing the statistic significance of p <0.05.

Results: In the evaluation of a 4-yr period, the sample was constituted by 76 ARTs and 19 children, and 94.7% of them got inactive caries and low Visible Plaque Index and Gingival Bleeding. The total percentage of success of ARTs was 94.8%, 87.9% and 82.3% in 1, 2 and 4-yr period, respectively. Between the GICs studied, Vitro Molar® (DFL) got a better clinical result in the three evaluations, but there is no significant statistic difference.

Conclusions: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment was effective in the management of early childhood caries, with a very promising clinical result of the ART restorations, with both GICs, after the 4-yr period.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the effectiveness of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in babies affected by Early Childhood Caries (ECC) after a 4-year period and to compare the clinical properties of two different Glass Ionomer Cements: 3M™ ESPE™ Ketac™ Molar Easymix and Vitro Molar® (DFL).

Results of the study: After 4 years, the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment was found to be effective in the management of early childhood caries, using either glass ionomer material tested.



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2274IADR 2010

Ketac™ Molar Easymix Glass IonomerProximal ART Restorations Using Two Layers Insertion of GIC: Pilot Study D . HESSE1, C . BONIFACIO2, D .P . RAGGIO3, F . MENDES3, M . BÖNECKER4, and W .E . VAN AMERONGEN2, 1Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 2ACTA - Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 3Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 4Faculdade de Odontologia - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Objectives: The aim of this pilot in vivo study was to verify the survival rate of proximal ART restorations using a flowable layer of glass ionomer cement (GIC) as a liner (two layers technique).

Methods: Fifty-one primary molars with proximal caries lesions were selected in children aged between five and eight yrs. After caries removal with hand instruments, the teeth were restored with two layers GIC technique (Ketac Molar Easy Mix – 3M/ESPE). The first layer had a flowable consistency (powder/liquid ratio 1:2) aiming better adaptation to tooth structures. The second layer was mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and applied before the final setting of the first layer. The restorations were evaluated after six mo according to Roeleveld et al. (2006) criteria. Poisson Logistic Regression was performed (p<0.05) in Stata 8.0 software, to evaluate the association between failure and: first restoration or re-restoration; first or second primary molar; right or left side; superior or inferior tooth; presence or absence of antagonist and adjacent tooth; mesial or distal surfaces.

Results: There was a dropout of 13.7%. The survival rate was 79.5%. There was no association between restoration failure and the evaluated conditions. For first restoration or re-restoration the Odds Ratio and 95% confidence interval; OR, 95% CI=0.71, 0.22-2.31); for first or second primary molar (OR, 95% CI=0.5, 0.14-1.77); for right or left side (OR, 95%CI=1.14, 0.34-3.74); for superior or inferior teeth (OR, 95% CI=0.5, 0.14-1.77); presence of antagonist tooth (OR, 95%CI=1.26, 0.18-8.56); presence of adjacent tooth (OR, 95% CI=2.05, 0.28-14.72); mesial or distal surfaces (OR, 95% CI=2.98, 0.93-9.48).

Conclusion: The insertion of a flowable GIC layer in proximal cavities before the insertion of a regular GIC layer can be an alternative for ART proximal restorations in primary teeth.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To verify the survival rate of proximal ART restorations using a flowable layer of theglass ionomer cement (3M™ ESPE™ Ketac™ Molar Easymix) as a liner in a two-layer technique.

Results of the study: The insertion of a flowable GIC layer in proximal cavities before the insertion of a regular GIC layer can be an alternative for ART proximal restorations in primary teeth.



81

Results found in abstracts for Fitlek™ Silorane Low Shrink Posterior Restorative System also apply to Filtek™ P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative and Filtek™ LS Low Shrink Posterior Restorative System .

0029AADR 2010

Filtek™ Silorane Low Shrink Posterior RestorativePractice-Based One Year Clinical Performance of Low-Shrinkage Resin Composite RestorationsF .J .T . BURKE, and R . CRISP, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Objective: To evaluate the clinical performance of load-bearing restorations formed in Filtek Silorane (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) resin composite, in patients attending five UK dental practices.

Methods: Five members of the PREP Panel - a practice-based research group of general dental practitioners in the UK and Ireland, were selected. Each was asked to place 25 class I or II restorations formed in Filtek Silorane (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) resin composite, where indicated on posterior teeth. The restorations were reviewed by one independent examiner and the practitioner who placed the restorations at one year +/- 3 mo. Modified USPHS criteria were used.

Results: One hundred twenty-two restorations (29 Class I and 93 Class II), of mean age 12.8 mo, in 72 patients (43 Female and 29 Male), of mean age 48.2 yrs, were examined. No secondary caries was detected and all restorations were intact, with 90% being rated optimal for marginal integrity and none unacceptable. Ninety-six percent of the restorations were rated optimal for marginal discoloration and none were scored unacceptable. Ninety-nine percent of the restorations were rated optimal for color match and no surface staining was recorded. Ninety-five percent of the restorations were rated optimal for surface quality and 100% were rated for anatomic form.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Class I and Class II restorations of Filtek Silorane, placed in patients attending five UK general dental practices, are performing satisfactorily after 12 mo.

Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank the participating practitioners and their patients and acknowledge financial support from 3M ESPE .

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical performance of 3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ Silorane Low Shrink Posterior Restorative in load-bearing restorations.

Results of the study: The results of this study indicate that Class I and Class II restorations of Filtek Silorane restorative, placed in patients in five UK dental practices, are performing satisfactorily after 12 months.



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3001IADR 2010

Filtek™ Silorane Low Shrink Posterior RestorativeSix-Month Clinical Performance of Different Types of Restorative Resins A .R . YAZICI, I . CEYLAN, G . OZGUNALTAY, and B . DAYANGAC, Hacettepe University, School of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the 6 mo clinical performance of a nanofilled composite, a packable composite resin and silorane restorations in Class I occlusal cavities.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with at least three similar sized occlusal lesions in molar teeth participated in the study. A total of 84 Class I occlusal restorations were placed; 28 with nanofilled composite (Filtek Supreme, 3M), 28 with packable composite resin (P60, 3M) and 28 with silorane (Filtek Silorane, 3M). Filtek Supreme and P60 was used with their respective etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M) and Filtek Silorane was used with its respective adhesive (Filtek Silorane Adhesive, 3M). All restorations were placed by one operator. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and 6 mo according to modified USPHS criteria by two calibrated examiners who were unaware of which restorative resin had been used. The differences in the ratings of the three restorative materials after six mo were tested with Fisher Exact test.

Results: At the end of 6 mo, 84 restorations were evaluated in 28 patients with a recall rate of 100%. The retention rate was 100% for all restorative resins. One restoration from P60, and one from Filtek Supreme and two restorations from Filtek Silorane group rated Bravo for marginal discoloration. For marginal adaptation, one P60, two Filtek Supreme and four Filtek Silorane restorations rated Bravo. The color match of all restorations was rated as Alfa at 6 mo. None of the restorations showed postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries or loss of anatomic form. No statistically significant differences were found between the restorative materials for any of the evaluation criteria tested (p>0.05).

Conclusion: All restorative resins perform equally well in clinic during 6 mo evaluation and no significant differences were found among them.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the 6-month clinical performance of a nanofilled composite (3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ Supreme Universal Restorative), a packable composite resin (3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ P60 Posterior Restorative) and a silorane composite (Filtek™ Silorane Low Shrink Posterior Restorative) in Class I occlusal cavities.

Results of the study: All of the restorative materials tested performed equally well during the 6-month evaluation and no significant differences were found among them.



83


2999IADR 2010

Filtek™ Silorane Low Shrink Posterior RestorativeTwo-Year Evaluation of a Silorane Restorative in Class II Cavities A . SCHATTENBERG, S . STORCK, I . BUSEMANN, B . WILLERSHAUSEN, and C .P . ERNST, Department of Operative Dentistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of two different resin composites (Filtek Silorane/3M ESPE, Grandio/VOCO) in class II restorations.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients (40.6±13.1a) received at least one pair of restorations resulting in a total of 102 class II restorations. Each of the two comparable cavities were filled with either a low-shrinkage composite (Filtek Silorane/Silorane adhesive 3M ESPE) or a universal nanohybrid composite (Grandio/Futurabond NR, VOCO) according to manufacturers’ instructions. The cavities were randomly assigned to the two different composites. The clinical situation and each restoration was evaluated according to the new evaluation criteria of Hickel et al. (Clin Oral Investig 2007; 11:5–33) establishing a new score-range of 1–5 (1=excellent, 2=good, 3=acceptable, 4=unsatisfactory, 5=poor). In addition, enamel cracks were recorded. After 2 yrs, 92% of the Silorane and 94% of the Grandio restorations were available for the follow-up investigation.

Results: Scores (1/2/3/4/5) [%] were: Surface luster: Silorane (36/57/6/0/0), Grandio (17/77/6/0/0), Surface staining: Silorane (64/26/11/0/0), Grandio (77/21/0/2/0), Color stability: Silorane (64/26/11/0/0), Grandio (77/21/0/2/0), Anatomical form: Silorane (55/32/9/2/2), Grandio (52/48/0/0/0), Fractures and retention: Silorane (81/2/2/13/2), Grandio (98/2/0/0/0), Marginal adaptation: Silorane (34/51/4/9/2), Grandio (52/44/4/0/0), Wear: Silorane (43/51/6/0/0), Grandio (33/63/4/0/0), Contact point: Silorane (70/2/23/2/2), Grandio (81/19/0/0/0), Patients’s view: Silorane (89/6/4/0/0), Grandio (92/6/2/0/0), Postoperative sensitivity: Silorane (79/11/11/0/0), Grandio (81/6/13/0/0), Tooth integrity: Silorane (47/45/9/0/0), Grandio (42/52/6/0/0), Periodontal response: Silorane (60/19/21/0/0), Grandio (46/21/33/0/0), Mucosa: Silorane (98/2/0/0/0), Grandio (98/0/2/0/0), Oral health: Silorane (83/13/4/0/0), Grandio (83/13/4/0/0). One spot of recurrent caries was detected at the margin of one Silorane restoration. The enamel crack index was added up to 0.06 for the Silorane group and 0.07 for the Grandio group.

Conclusion: After 1 yr, both resin composite materials showed mainly good and clinically acceptable results.

This study was supported by 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the clinical performance of two different resin composites (3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ Silorane Low Shrink Posterior Restorative and Grandio/VOCO) in class II restorations.

Results of the study: After one year, both resin composite materials showed mostly good, clinically acceptable results.



84

Results found in abstracts for Fitlek™ Supreme Ultra Universal Restorative also apply to Fitlek™ Supreme™ XTE, Filtek™ Ultimate, and Filtek™ Z350 XT .

3000IADR 2010

Filtek™ Supreme Ultra Universal RestorativePilot Evaluation of Next-Generation Filtek™ Supreme Universal Restorative Material V . KOLB, 3M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN, B . FREDRICKSON, Chalet Dental, St . Paul, MN, A . SYREK, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany, and R . RANDALL, 3M ESPE Dental, St . Paul, MN

Objective: To assess the early clinical performance of a new universal composite filling material, Filtek™ Supreme Ultra (3M™ ESPE,™ St. Paul, MN, USA), in anterior and posterior restorations.

Methods: Seven adult volunteers requiring at least two qualifying, similar restorations were enrolled into this IRB-approved pilot study. A single operator placed paired restorations in randomized order with Product A) Filtek Supreme Ultra, and Product B) control material Filtek Supreme Plus (3M ESPE). Following conventional preparation procedures, teeth were etched, bonded with Adper™ Single Bond Plus (3M ESPE), restored, and polished following manufacturer’s instructions. Restoration retention (R), stain resistance (SR), polish retention (PR), color match (CM), anatomical form (AF), and marginal integrity (MI) were assessed by the operator using modified USPHS grading. Assessments were performed at baseline and 6 mo post-placement.

Results: A total of 18 restorations (12 Class I, 4 Class II, 2 Class V) were placed in 11 molars, five premolars, and two canines. All 18 restorations were assessed at baseline; 12 were assessed at 6 mo recall due to scheduling conflicts. The following scores were assigned:

Time Score R (%) SR (%) PR (%) CM (%) AF (%) MI (%)

Prod A Prod B Prod A Prod B Prod A Prod B Prod A Prod B Prod A Prod B Prod A Prod B

BLA Alpha 100 100 100 100 100 100 78 56 100 100 100 100

Bravo 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 44 0 0 0 0

Charlie 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 moB Alpha 100 100 100 100 100 33 100 100 100 100 100 100

Bravo 0 0 0 0 0 67 0 0 0 0 0 0

Charlie 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

A Immediately post-placement; n=9 per group; B6(±2) mo post-placement; n=6 per group

No statistically significant differences were observed between treatment groups at baseline or 6 mo post-placement (Test of Two Proportions, p>0.05). At baseline, 100% of restorations were scored as optimal for retention, staining, polish retention, anatomical form, and marginal integrity. At the 6 mo recall, 100% of restorations were scored as optimal for retention, staining, color match, anatomical form, and marginal integrity. No restorations were scored as clinically unacceptable.

Conclusions: Both restorative materials demonstrated satisfactory clinical performance. Although not statistically significantly different, Filtek Supreme Ultra showed a tendency for better polish retention at 6 mo than Filtek Supreme Plus. Additional assessments are necessary to further evaluate clinical performance. Study conducted by 3M ESPE.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of study: To assess the early clinical performance of 3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ Supreme Ultra Universal Restorative in comparison to its predecessor in anterior and posterior restorations.

Results of study: Both restorative materials demonstrated satisfactory clinical performance. Although not statistically significantly different, Filtek Supreme Ultra restorative showed a tendency for better polish retention at 6 months as compared to 3M™ ESPE™ Filtek™ Supreme Plus Universal Restorative.

85

Direct Restorative References

2313 IADR 2010

Surface Roughness of Two Composites After Etching With Various Acids B . LOOMANS1, M . CARDOSO2, N . OPDAM1, J . ROETERS1, J . DE MUNCK2, M .-C . HUYSMANS1, and B . VAN MEERBEEK2, 1Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

4048 IADR 2010

Polishing Effect on Color and Roughness Stability of Composite Resins V .L . SCHIMITT, R .M . PUPPIN-RONTANI, F .S . NAUFEL, J .K . UEDA, M .A .C . SINHORETI, and L . CORRER-SOBRINHO, Piracicaba Dental School/State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil

4047 IADR 2010

Compressive Strength of Nanofilled Composite Polymerized With Different Light Tips F . TAKATSUI, M .R . GALVÃO, S .G .F .R . CALDAS, F .F . JASSÉ, A .N .S . RASTELLI, and M .F . ANDRADE, Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, Araraquara - SP, Brazil

0737 IADR 2010

Influence of Bleaching on Surface Roughness of Restorative Materials H . YURDAGÜVEN, E . CAN SAY, Ö . MALKONDU, M . SOYMAN, and E . KAZAZOGLU, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey

4094 IADR 2010

Polishing Procedures on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Composites F . NAUFEL1, R .M . PUPPIN-RONTANI2, V .L . SCHMITT3, W . BASEGGIO4, and F .P .S . NAHSAN4, 1UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Brazil, 2Piracicaba Dental School/State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil, 3Paraná West State University, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil, Cascavel, Brazil, 4Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil

0739 IADR 2010

In-Situ Evaluation of Restorative Materials Submitted to Erosive Challenges A .P .A . GUEDES, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Aracatuba, Brazil, S . PAVAN, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, Aracatuba, Brazil, A .L .F . BRISO, Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, Birigui, Brazil, R .H . SUNDFELD, Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil, and P .H . DOS SANTOS, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Aracatuba SP, Brazil

2891 IADR 2010

Composite Microshear Bond Strength to Bleached Intact and Ground Enamel M . HARIEDY1, O .M . FAHMY1, D . EL-KASSAS1, A . SHABKA1, and O . EL-MOWAFY2, 1Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, 2University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

2224 IADR 2010

SEM Study of Enamel Morphology and Resin-Enamel Interface After Bleaching M . HARIEDY1, O .M . FAHMY2, D . EL-KASSAS3, A . SHABKA1, and O . EL-MOWAFY4, 1Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, 2Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt, 3Cairo University and Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt, 4University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

0807 IADR 2010

Color Stability of Composite Resins . Effect of Composition, Photocure, Aging R .M . CESNIK1, M .S . CIOFFI1, F .L . ESTEBAN FLOREZ, Sr .1, V .S . BAGNATO2, and O .B . OLIVEIRA JUNIOR1, 1Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, Araraquara, Brazil, 2Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil

0787 IADR 2010

Role of Dentin-Shade in Layering of Resin Composite Restoration T . IKEDA, S . INOUE, T . TANAKA, H . KOMATSU, and H . SANO, University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan

1459 IADR 2010

In Vitro Three-Body Wear of Five Composites and Amalgam S . SHAH1, D . CAKIR1, L .C . RAMP1, P . BECK1, and J . BURGESS2, 1University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 2University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL

2293 IADR 2010

An Evaluation of Biaxial-Flexural Strength of Flowable Composites D . THOME, J . ROTHROCK, P . HARDIGAN, J . LARUMBE, and C . GARCIA-GODOY, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL

0799 IADR 2010

Optical Properties of Nano-Hybrids After Curing and Aging S . DIAMANTOPOULOU, S . PAPAZOGLOU, M . LOUKIDIS, and A . KAKABOURA, University of Athens (EKPA), Athens, Greece

4086 IADR 2010

Relationship Between Color and Translucency of Multi-Shaded Dental Composites H . NAEIMI AKBAR1, K . MOHARAMZADEH2, D . WOOD2, and R . VAN NOORT2, 1DentCare Center International, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

0731 IADR 2010

Laser-Assisted Curing Method to Increase Resin Composite Surface Microhardness Y . LI, R .S . KURTI, M . MEHARRY, and C . PERRY, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA

0733 IADR 2010

Effect of Bleaching on Surface Microhardness of Composites V . MORTAZAVI, Operative Dentistry Dep .and Torabineja Dental Resarch Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, M . FATHI, Biomaterials Group,Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, F . SHIRBAN, School of Dentistry,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, M . SHIRBAN, Operative Dentistry Dep . and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and F . ARBABZADEH ZAVAREH, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

1978 IADR 2010

Effect of Bleaching on Hardness and Color of Restorative Materials A . DELLA BONA, C .T .R . LAGO, P .H . CORAZZA, and B . CARLINI, Jr ., University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil

3061 IADR 2010

Effect of Composite Type and Light Intensity on Cuspal-Deflection S . JAFAR-POUR1, W . EL-BADRAWY2, E . ELDWAKHLY3, and D . MCCOMB2, 1University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 3Lecturer, Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry,Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

4087 IADR 2010

Evaluation of Composites Using a Novel Finishing and Polishing System N . SILIKAS1, M . ALAZRAQI2, N . WAHEEB2, and D .C . WATTS2, 1The University of Manchester, School of Dentistry, Manchester, England, United Kingdom, 2University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

0466 IADR 2010

An Innovative Curing Method to Reduce Resin Composite Curing Stress R .S . KURTI, M . MEHARRY, and Y . LI, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA

0795 IADR 2010

Color Stability of Current Light-Activated Resin-Composite Restorative Materials After Polymerization C . SABATINI, J . AREF, and C . MUNOZ, State University of New York - Buffalo, Buffalo, NY

86

Direct Restorative References (continued)

1448 IADR 2010

Wear of Different Resin Composites After Thermocycling and Sonic Brushing O . BARAKAT1, A . HAFEZ2, and A . ABO EL NAGA1, 1Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

3656 IADR 2010

Surface Gloss Stability of Contemporary Composite Resin Materials S . HEINTZE, M . FORJANIC, and J . F . ROULET, R&D, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein, Schaan, Liechtenstein

4095 IADR 2010

Composites Surface Roughness: Profilometer Roughness Analysis D . FARIAS, and G . LOPES, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil

4104 IADR 2010

Evaluation of Translucency of Resin Composites R . PARAVINA, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX, and J . ONTIVEROS, University of Texas - Houston/Health Science Center, Houston, TX

3659 IADR 2010

Visual and Instrumental Evaluation of Color Adjustment Potential of Composites R . PARAVINA, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX, and W .M . JOHNSTON, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

4102 IADR 2010

Influence of Illuminant on Color and Translucency of Composite Resins L . PIZZOLOTTO, and E . ARAUJO, Jr ., Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

4098 IADR 2010

Translucency of Various Composite-Resins O .H . KWON, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

2323 IADR 2010

Different Surface Sealants Roughness Applied to a Nanofiller Resin Composite N . VALARINI1, A . GONINI, Jr .1, S .K . MOURA1, L . WANG2, F .M .O . GRACIANO1, S . CONSANI3, and M .B . LOPES1, 1University North of Parana, Londrina - PR, Brazil, 2University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil, 3University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba - SP, Brazil

2317 IADR 2010

Topography and Microhardness of Composites Submitted the Two Polishing Techniques F . GOYATA1, P . MARQUES2, L . CUNHA3, L .R . SILVA-CONCILIO2, A .C . NEVES2, and S . RODE3, 1Universidade de Taubate, Taubaté, Brazil, 2Universidade de Taubate, Taubate, Brazil, 3University of Taubate, Taubate, Brazil

3068 IADR 2010

Cuspal Movement Associated to Different Polymerization Protocols J .M .C . BOAVENTURA1, E .A . CAMPOS1, G .M . CORRER2, F . BARATTO-FILHO2, O .B . OLIVEIRA JUNIOR1, and M .F . ANDRADE1, 1Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, Araraquara-SP, Brazil, 2Positivo University, Curitiba/PR, Brazil

1433 IADR 2010

S . Mutans Biofilm Formation on Composite Surface After Different Polishing Techniques M . DO REGO1, E . ESKELSEN2, V . CAVALLI1, P . LIPORONI1, C .A . PEREIRA3, and A .O . JORGE3, 1Universidade de Taubate, São José dos Campos, Brazil, 2Universidade de Taubate, Taubaté, Brazil, 3Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, São José dos Campos, Brazil

2318 IADR 2010

Effect of Polishing Systems on Surface Loss of Composite Resins R . RAMIREZ1, A . KAPLAN2, N . ORELLANA1, and V . SETIÉN1, 1Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela, 2School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina

3003 IADR 2010

Clinical Performance of Giomer Restorative System F .C . TIAN, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China, X .Y . WANG, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China, and X .-J . GAO, Peking University, Beijing, China

0735 IADR 2010

Characterization of Nanofilled Composite-Resin Treated with Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Mouthwashes L .E .S . SOARES, A .M .D . ESPIRITO SANTO, and A .A . MARTIN, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba - UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, Brazil

0790 IADR 2010

Shade Differences Among Nanofilled Composite Resins I . FERRETO, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, and D . LAFUENTE, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica

2311 IADR 2010

Effects of Shade, Curing Method and Time on Nanocomposite Microhardness N . LUDDIN, and N . IBRAHIM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia

0736 IADR 2010

Effect of Bleaching Gels on Different Composite Resins Surface Roughness L .F . FRANCISCONI, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru - SP, Brazil, J .R . SANTOS, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil, A . GONINI, University of North Parana, Parana, Brazil, K .B . FERNANDES, University North of Paraná, Londrina, Brazil, S .K . ISHIKIRIAMA, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil, M .T . ATTA, Bauru Dental School - University of São Paulo, Bauru -SP, Brazil, J .C . PEREIRA, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil, and L . WANG, Bauru School of Dentistry-USP, Bauru-SP, Brazil

4046 IADR 2010

Effect of Heat Post-Curing in Degree of Conversion of Composites B . SILVA, L . BOARO, R . BRAGA, and L . RODRIGUES FILHO, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

2319 IADR 2010

One-Month Storage-Time Evaluation of Resin-Based Materials Using Vickers Microhardness TestF .F . JASSÉ, C .H .B . BORGES, A .N .S . RASTELLI, J .R .C . SAAD, A .R . ROBERTO, M .R . GALVÃO, and F . TAKATSUI, Universidade Est . Paulista Julio Mesquita, Araraquara - SP, Brazil

1458 IADR 2010

Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Hardness and Direct Transmittance A .N .S . RASTELLI1, D .P . JACOMASSI2, J .T . TRIBIOLI2, M .I . BASSO BERNARDI2, V . SALVADOR BAGNATO2, and A .C . HERNANDES2, 1Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho-UNESP, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil, 2Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil

0802 IADR 2010

Optical Characterization of Nanocomposites Compared to Universal Dental Composites L . UGARTE-ALVÁN1, R . GHINEA1, R . PARAVINA2, and M .M . PÉREZ1, 1Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, 2University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX

0319 IADR 2010

Degree of Conversion and Post-Gel Shrinkage of Low-Shrinkage Composites L . BOARO1, A . VERSLUIS2, and R . BRAGA1, 1Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 2University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

87


2294 IADR 2010

Characterization of Commercial Universal Resin-Based Composites S . RODRIGUES JUNIOR, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, Brazil, J . FERRACANE, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, and A . DELLA BONA, Univ . de Passo

0759 IADR 2010

3D Optical Analysis of Surface Roughness for Composite Resins A . DAUD1, G . GRAY1, and M . AZIZ2, 1University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom

0798 IADR 2010

Fluorescence Properties of Tooth-Colored Filling Materials C . KLEIN, C . MELLER, and T . CONNERT, Zentrum für Zahn, Mund - und Kieferheilkunde, Tübingen, Germany

2057 IADR 2010

Anomalies of Exposure Reciprocity Law in Photocured Resin Composites W . PALIN1, M . HADIS1, J . LEPRINCE2, J . DEVAUX2, and G . LELOUP2, 1University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 2Universite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

4048 IADR 2010

Effect of Light Irradiation on Mechanical Strengths of Flowable Composites M . YAMASE, T . MASEKI, T . NITTA, T . KIMISHIMA, and Y . NARA, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

0730 IADR 2010

Effect of Drinks on Flexural Strength of Flowable Resins H . ISHIZAKI1, L . HAN2, T . OKIJI2, and M . FUKUSHIMA2, 1Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan, 2Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan

0821 IADR 2010

Assessment of Dental Structures and Composite Resin Gray Levels L .F .R . GRAZIOTTIN1, P .H . COUTO SOUZA2, N .P . DA COSTA1, E .B . VEECK1, S .A . BERTI COUTO1, I .S . GOMES-FILHO3, M .I .B . ROCKENBACH1, and A .R .C . MOROSOLLI1, 1Pontificia Un Catolica Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 2Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, 3Univer Estadual De Feira De Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil

3058 IADR 2010

Contraction Stress of Resin-Composites Assessed by Low- and High-Compliance Systems G . MARCHESI, B . CODAN, R . DI LENARDA, L . BRESCHI, and M . CADENARO, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

4039 IADR 2010

Effect of Pre-Curing Heating on Relative Hardness of Light-Cured Composites K . NADA, M . ZAHRAN, and O . EL-MOWAFY, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

0794 IADR 2010

Change Color Composite Resin Subjected to Artificial Accelerated Aging A .C .D . REIS1, L .J . SILVA1, J .A .M . AGNELLI2, and A .B .C .E .B . CATIRSE3, 1Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, 2Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil, 3USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

3028 IADR 2010

Effect of Preheating on the Monomer Leaching of Composite Resin S . ALTINTAS1, E . SIRIN KARAARSLAN2, M . BULBUL2, N . HAMDEMIRCI2, and A . USUMEZ2, 1Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Dentistry, Trabzon, Turkey, 2Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey

0624 IADR 2010

The Effect of Photo-Activated Disinfection on Microleakage of Composite Restorations E . KARAARSLAN1, S . ALTINTAS2, A . USUMEZ1, and A . CEBE1, 1University of Gaziantep, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep, Turkey, 2Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Dentistry, Trabzon, Turkey

2995 IADR 2010

Clinical Evaluation of Class II Direct - Indirect Posterior Composite Restorations E . SIRIN KARAARSLAN, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey, E . ERTAS, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey, and B . BULUCU, Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey

0318 IADR 2010

Determination of Polymerization Shrinkage Stress in Low-Shrinkage Resin Composites I . BUSEMANN, M . MARX, D . KAPETANOVIC, B . WILLERSHAUSEN, and C . P . ERNST, Department of Operative Dentistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany

3071 IADR 2010

Initial Radial Pressures Generated by Variable Shrinkage Composite Resins M . IBRAHIM, M . MEHTA, J . WHITWORTH, and J . MCCABE, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

2953 IADR 2010

Study on New Low-Shrinkage Resin Composite Y . HATSUOKA, H . TANIMOTO, O . TAKEUCHI, and K . YAMAMOTO, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan

2220 IADR 2010

Repair of Silorane Composite: Influence of Surface Treatments N . HAMANO1, Y .-C . CHIANG2, I . NYAMAA3, S . INO1, M . TOYODA1, R . HICKEL3, and K .-H . KUNZELMANN3, 1Kanagawa Dental College, Kanagawa, Japan, 2National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 3University of Munich, Munchen, Germany

0793 IADR 2010

Color Stability of Silorane vs . Methacrylate Based Resin Composites A . ELKADY1, D . ELKASSAS2, and O . FAHMY1, 1Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt, 2Cairo University & Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt

2943 IADR 2010

Silorane-Based Composite Bond to Primary and Permanent Teeth S . BADR1, M . ATEF/IBRAHIM2, and H . EL-SEOUD1, 1Cairo University, Egypt, Cairo, Egypt, 2Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt

3066 IADR 2010

Cuspal Deformation During Light-Curing of Low-Shrinking Posterior Composite Restorations R .R . CARA1, E . GATIN2, A . DIDILESCU3, R . SFEATCU3, C . NICOLA1, and I . PATRASCU3, 1University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu,” Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 2University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Bucharest, Romania, 3University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania

4022 IADR 2010

Temperature Changes Caused by Light-Curing Units, In Vitro C .D . LYNCH1, K . BAJOGA1, P .J . MILWARD1, A . HANNIGAN2, and A .J . SLOAN1, 1Tissue Engineering & Reparative Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom, 2University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

3055 IADR 2010

Influence of Composite Polymerization Shrinkage on Cuspal Deflection: 3D FEA E . ELDWAKHLY, Lecturer, Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry,Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, S . JAFAR- POUR, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, A . ELRAGI, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt, and W . EL-BADRAWY, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

88


2307 IADR 2010

Water Sorption and Hygroscopic Expansion in New Dental Resin Composites Y . WEI1, N . SILIKAS2, and D .C . WATTS2, 1Capital Medical University, School of Stomatology, Beijing, China, 2University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

2372 IADR 2010

Effect of In-Office Bleaching Agents on the Colour of Composites P . MOUROUZIS1, E . KOULAOUZIDOU2, and M . HELVATJOGLU-ANTONIADES2, 1Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

0738 IADR 2010

Effect of Different Bleaching Methods on Surface Properties of Composites P . YILMAZ, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey, and B . TOPBASI, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey

2216 IADR 2010

Various Repair Regimens for Two Different Aged Resin-Based Restorative Materials G .A . ALIAN, and F . EL-ASKARY, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

2217 IADR 2010

Microtensile Bond-Strengths of Repaired Composite Materials O . STADLER, A . LUSSI, and B . ZIMMERLI, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

3062 IADR 2010

Effect of Shrinkage Strain, Modulus, Instrument Compliance on Polymerization Stress S . H . MIN, B . S . LIM, and I . B . LEE, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

4049 IADR 2010

Influence of Light Irradiation on Polymerization Shrinkage of Resin Composite T . MASEKI1, M . YAMASE1, T . YAMADA1, S . OGAWA1, T . KIMISHIMA1, Y . NARA1, and I .L . DOGON2, 1Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, 2Harvard University, Boston, MA

0542 IADR 2010

Surface Properties and Mutans Streptococci Biofilm Formation on Dental Composites A . IONESCU1, L . FADINI1, E . BRAMBILLA1, R . BÜRGERS2, M . ROSENTRITT2, G . HANDEL2, and S . HAHNEL2, 1University of Milan, Milano, Italy, 2University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

3043 IADR 2010

In Vivo Evaluation Microtensile Bond Strength of Silorane-Based Resin Composite B .C . YAMAN, O . YAZICIOGLU, H . ULUKAPI, and E . OZTAS, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey

0114 IADR 2010

Longevity of Direct Composites in the Focus of Cyclic Fatigue U . LOHBAUER, R . BELLI, and A . PETSCHELT, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany

1322 IADR 2010

Polishability of Silorane-Based Composite Restorative Material H . RAGAB, Misr University for Science & Technology, Cairo, Egypt, H . EL-SHAMY, Nahda University, Bany Sweif, Egypt, and O . EL-MOWAFY, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

4036 IADR 2010

Effect of Photoactivation Mode on Cross-Link Density of Resin Composites A .B . CORRER, A .R . COSTA, R .L .X . CONSANI, L . CORRER-SOBRINHO, and M .A .C . SINHORETI, Piracicaba Dental School/State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil

1451 IADR 2010

Effect of Abrasion on Wear and Roughness of Silorane Composite G .U . OLIVEIRA, M .C . RODRIGUES, E .B . FRANCO, R .F .L . MONDELLI, and S .K . ISHIKIRIAMA, Bauru School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil

2204 IADR 2010

Bond Strength of Low-Shrink Silorane Composite Bonded to Class-I Cavities J . ALMEIDA E SILVA1, J . NUNES ROLLA2, L .N . BARATIERI3, and S . MONTEIRO JR3, 1Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, FlorianÛpolis - SC, Brazil, 2Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 3Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil

1428 IADR 2010

Water Sorption and Solubility of Methacrylate and Silorane-Based Resins C .L . TAKIGAMI1, N . BOTELHO1, A .R . BENETTI1, T .J .E . BARATA1, R .C . PASCOTTO2, S .M . MACIEL1, R .C .P . FREDERICO1, and F .B .A . FERREIRA1, 1University North of Paraná, Londrina, PR, Brazil, 2State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil

2322 IADR 2010

Knoop-Hardness and Polymerization-Depth Evaluation of Silorane-Based and Methacrylate-Based Composite RestorationsP .H .P . D’ALPINO, J . BECHTOLD, P .J . SANTOS, A . ANIDO-ANIDO, V . DI HIPOLITO, R . AMORE, and R .C .B . ALONSO, Bandeirante University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil

2310 IADR 2010

Relative Hardness of a Silorane-Based Composite Restorative With LED Light-Polymerization N . ALSATI, M . ZAHRAN, and O . EL-MOWAFY, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

2939 IADR 2010

Shear Bond Strength of Silorane-Based Composite to Different Dental Substrates H . EL-SHAMY, Nahda University, Bani Sweif, Egypt, H . RAGAB, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt, and O . EL-MOWAFY, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

2299 IADR 2010

Time Dependent Changes in the Flexural Strength of Composite Resins I . SOLER1, J . ELLAKURIA1, A . GARCÍA1, I . SANCHEZ1, P . CEARRA1, J . GOIRIENA1, and G . TRIANA2, 1The University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain, 2University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

3020 IADR 2010

Photoelastic Analysis of Polymerization Shrinkage Stress in Dental Composites K . OLIVEIRA, S . CONSANI, L .S . GONÇALVES, W .C . BRANDT, R .A . CCAHUANA-VÁQUEZ, and M .A .C . SINHORETI, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba - SP, Brazil

4103 IADR 2010

Organic Matrix Influence on Color and Translucency of Dental Composites M .M . PÉREZ1, L . UGARTE-ALVÁN1, R . GHINEA1, O .E . PECHO1, and R . PARAVINA2, 1Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain, 2University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX

1457 IADR 2010

Three-Body Wear Abrasion of Modern Universal Resin Composites R . BELLI1, A . PETSCHELT1, and U . LOHBAUER2, 1University of Erlangen, Dental Clinic1, Erlangen, Germany, 2University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany

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2223 IADR 2010

Resin-Composite Restorations, Can They Be Repaired Using Any Composite System? D . TURANI, Newcastle Dental Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, A . SANTINI, Edinburgh Postgraduate Dental Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, and R . HOLLIDAY, Edinburgh Dental Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

2242 IADR 2010

Detecting Interfacial Debonding in Composite Restorations Using Acoustic Emission H . LI1, X . LIU2, J . LI1, and A . FOK1, 1Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomat & Biomechanics, Minneapolis, MN, 2Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China

2312 IADR 2010

Influence of Storage Media and Power-Toothbrushing on Contemporary Restoratives Surface-Roughnness R . HAFEZ, Nahda University, Bani Sweif City, Egypt, H . RAGAB, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October, Egypt, M . NIAZY, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, and O . EL-MOWAFY, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

2966 IADR 2010

Changes in Microhardness Over Time of Several Glass Ionomers A . GARCÍA, I . SÁNCHEZ, R . TRIANA, I . SOLER, J . ELLAKURIA, J . GOIRIENA, and P . CEARRA, The University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain

2946 IADR 2010

Light-Activation Source Influence in Restorative Materials Microhardness and Secondary-Caries Prevention A . CASSONI1, J .O . FERLA1, P . MACARINI1, A .C .C . ARANHA2, and J . RODRIGUES1, 1Univ . de Guarulhos, Guarulhos, Brazil, 2School of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

1622 IADR 2010

Biofilm Accumulation on Restorations: Gap Width and Secondary Caries Association T . PEREIRA CENCI1, R . PEREIRA DE SOUSA BARBOSA1, F .F . DEMARCO2, and M .S . CENCI3, 1Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil, 2Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas RS, Brazil, 3School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil

2238 IADR 2010

Assessment of Hybrid Layer in Resin Modifiedd Glass Ionomer Restorations C .I . SAVEANU, Sr ., I . DANILA, Sr ., and I . COSTACHE, Sr ., University of Medicine und Pharmacy Gr . T . Popa, Iasi, Romania

0917 IADR 2010

In Vivo Effect of Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy in Dentin Caries I .M .A . DINIZ, P .V . ARAÚJO, R .C . ALBUQUERQUE, M .L .A . MASSARA, M . CORTES, and L .T .A . POLETTO, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

0312 IADR 2010

Antibacterial Activity of New Ca-Based Cement Compared to Other Cements E . VALYI1, N . PLASSE-PRADELLE2, D . DECORET3, P . COLON2, and B . GROSGOGEAT4, 1Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France, 2Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry University of Paris V, Villeurbanne, France, 3Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, UFR d’odontologie, Lyon, France, 4Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces (LMI), UFR d’Odontologie UMR CNRS 5615, Lyon, France

2987 IADR 2010

The Effect of Coating Glass Ionomers With a Nanofilled Resin C . BONIFACIO, W .E . VAN AMERONGEN, A . WERNER, and C . KLEVERLAAN, ACTA, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands

2944 IADR 2010

In-Situ Caries Development Around Composite Restorations With Self-Etching AdhesivesJ .A . RODRIGUES, C .M . ESTEVES, A .C . JORGE, and A .F . REIS, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil

3024 IADR 2010

Fluoride Ion Release From New Aesthetic Restorative Materials D . DIONYSOPOULOS, M . KOLINIOTOU-KOUBIA, M . HELVATJOGLU-ANTONIADES, N . KOTSANOS, and V . KARAGIANNIS, University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece

1358 IADR 2010

Effect of Light Activation on Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Bonding Mechanism N . LAWSON, L . RAMP, D . CAKIR, P . BECK, and J . BURGESS, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL

2967 IADR 2010

Biomechanical Degradation of the Nano-Filled Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Surface S .B . DE FUCIO1, J . PUPPIN-RONTANI2, A .B . DE PAULA1, F .G . CARVALHO1, V .P . FEITOSA1, G .M . AMBROSANO1, and R .M . PUPPIN-RONTANI1, 1Piracicaba Dental School/State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil, 2FOAr/UNESP, Piracicaba, Brazil

3973 IADR 2010

Preventive Effect of Three Groups of Materials in Primary Dentition D . NEGOVETIC VRANIC, K . GORSETA, D . GLAVINA, and I . SKRINJARIC, University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

2252 IADR 2010

Radiopacity of Linning Glass Ionomer Cements A .A . LIMA1, D .L .M . BORGES1, L .C .G . PEREIRA1, and M .T . ATTA2, 1UniEVANGÉLICA - Anápolis Dental School, Anapolis-GO, Brazil, 2Bauru Dental School - University of São Paulo, Bauru -SP, Brazil

2969 IADR 2010

The Effect of Resin Coating on Shear Strength of Glass-Ionomers R . PILO1, A . BARNEA2, and A . BEN-AMAR2, 1Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

1354 IADR 2010

Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cements to Caries-Affected Dentin F .T .B . ALVES1, A . REIS2, A . LOGUERCIO2, C . THIAGO S1, and D . RAGGIO1, 1Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 2Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa - Parana, Brazil

0457 AADR 2010

Characteristics in Polymerization Shrinkage of Latest Low-Shrinkage Resin Composite Restoratives,T . MASEKI T . NITTA, M . YAMASE, T . YAMADA, S . OGAWA, T . KIMISHIMA, Y . NARA, and I .L . DOGON, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Harvard University, Boston, MA

0468 AADR 2010

Physical Properties Assessment of a Silorane Composite P . WAIKASETKORN, P . YAMAN, J . DENNISON, G . NEIVA, and A . HERRERO, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

1033 AADR 2010

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Low-Shrink Monomers A .S . ABUELYAMAN, S .B . MITRA, R .J . CARUFEL, A .P . YANG, F .M . ZAIN, M .B . ALI, S .E . LANGER, and W .Y .-S . CHENG, 3M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN, 3M Materials Resource Div, St . Paul, MN, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

0458 AADR 2010

Setting Shrinkage Performance of Resin Composites M . IRIE, Y . TAMADA, Y . MARUO, G . NISHIGAWA, M . OKA, S . MINAGI, K . SUZUKI, and D .C . WATTS, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

90


1051 AADR 2010

Gloss, Surface-Roughness, Color Stability and Wear of Composite Resins G . NATARAJARATHINAM, I .S . MUGISA, C . MICHELSON, P . BECK, L .C . RAMP, D . CAKIR, and J . BURGESS, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL

0035 AADR 2010

Mechanical Properties of Universal Composites and a New Nanofilled CompositeB . CRAIG, G .A . KOBUSSEN, S .B . MITRA, M .C . DORUFF, R .H . HALVORSON, and W .S . BIGHAM, 3M ESPE, St . Paul, MN

0726 AADR 2010

Influence of Photoinitiator Type and Concentration on Translucency of Composites J . LEADFORD, J . BOULDEN, K . ESQUIBEL, B . LEIGHTON, K . IDA, A . DOCKTOR, Z . SHELTON, M . TRUJILLO-LEMON, and C . BRACHO-TROCONIS, Septodont, Confi Dental Division, Louisville, CO

1052 AADR 2010

Influence of Tooth Brushing on Surface Roughness of Restorative MaterialsJ .-H . PHARK, I . HUH, A .C . BOTTA, S . DUARTE, and A . SADAN, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, Case Western Reserve University and São Paulo State University, Cleveland, OH, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA

0464 AADR 2010

Mechanical Properties of Various Latest Resin Composite Restoratives M . YAMASE, T . MASEKI, T . NITTA, T . KIMISHIMA, and Y . NARA, Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

0977 AADR 2010

Aging of Composite Materials: Surface Propterties and Streptococcal Adhesion S . HAHNEL, M . ROSENTRITT, A . HENRICH, G . HANDEL, and R . BÜRGERS, University Medical Center Regensburg, Department of Prosthodontics, Regensburg, Germany

0251 AADR 2010

Staining-Dependent Changes in Color of Resin Composites, S . PATEL, F . FALCAO, J . BARROS, J .M . POWERS, and R . PARAVINA, University of Texas - Houston/Health Science Center, Houston, TX, University of Texas at Houston Dental Branch, Houston, TX, Dental Consultants, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX

0421 AADR 2010

Volumetric Shrinkage of a Newly Developed Low-Shrinkage Composite T . TAKAMIZAWA, T . WATANABE, A . TSUJIMOTO, S . ANDO, and M . MIYAZAKI, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan

0455 AADR 2010

Does Hygroscopic Expansion Compensate Polymerization Shrinkage? A . VERSLUIS, D . TANTBIROJN, and R . DELONG, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

0785 AADR 2010

Evaluation of Bond Strength of Composites and Adhesives on Enamel T . WALKER, J . HEATON, P . STARK, and G . KUGEL, Tufts University, Boston, MA

1342 AADR 2010

Microleakage of Class V Restorations Placed with Different Restorative Techniques S . PASSOS, G .C . IORGOVAN, M .J .M .C . SANTOS, G .C . SANTOS, Jr ., and A .S . RIZKALLA, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

1334 AADR 2010

Self vs . Light Cure Composite Cement Bonding to Core Composite A . AKHTAR, A . WOJCIK, M . PRAGER, and M .S . WOLFF, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY

0250 AADR 2010

Staining-Dependent Changes in Translucency of Resin Composites F . FALCAO, S . PATEL, J .M . POWERS, and R . PARAVINA, University of Texas - Houston/Health Science Center, Houston, TX, Dental Consultants, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX

0249 AADR 2010

Specular Component as Predictor of Gloss of Resin Composites M . ELDIWANY, M .S . ELDIWANY, J . ONTIVEROS, J .M . POWERS, and R . PARAVINA, University of Texas - Houston/Health Science Center, Houston, TX, University of Texas Dental Branch, Houston, TX, Dental Consultants, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX

0823 AADR 2010

Radiopacity of Five Flowable Composites J . THOMPSON1, J . DENNISON2, P . YAMAN2, and J . VIVAS2, 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

0727 AADR 2010

Staining Resistance and Surface Topography of Novel Esthetic Materials S . NAORUNGROJ, C .-C . KO, and T . DONOVAN, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC

1041 AADR 2010

Effect of Finishing Time on Polishability of Resin-Based Composites J . YAMAGAWA, S . ARMSTRONG, F . QIAN, S . GERALDELI, and K . HIRATA, Tokuyama Dental Corporation, Tsukuba, Japan, 2University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

0728 AADR 2010

Effectiveness of a Two-step Polishing System for Composite Restorations H . POCATERRA, P . YAMAN, J . DENNISON, and G . NEIVA, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

1044 AADR 2010

Surface Roughness of Resin Composites After Staining and Polishing F . SALAMA, O . BAWAZIR, N . AL HAMAD, and F . ABDELMEGID, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE

0465 AADR 2010

Effects of One-Year Water-Aging on Mechanical Properties of Dental Nanocomposites E . LEVINE1, H .H .K . XU2, and J . MOREAU2, 1University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 2University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD

0819 AADR 2010

In Vitro Three-Body Wear of Five Flowable Composite Resins T . GHUMAN, D . CAKIR, P . BECK, L . RAMP, and J . BURGESS, UAB School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL

0081 AADR 2010

Composite Fluorescence When Excited By Visible Light at 400 nm S .F . THORSTEINSON, L .T . SMITH, D . METTENBERG, and F . RUEGGEBERG, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA

1047 AADR 2010

The Effect of Various Dentifrices on Surface Gloss of Composites A . ADAMS-BELUSKO, and J . DA COSTA, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR

91


1043 AADR 2010

Smoothness and Gloss of Polished and Glazed Composites After Brushing J . DA COSTA, OHSU School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, and J . FERRACANE, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR

0248 AADR 2010

Effect of Surface-Glazing Sealants on Color Stability of Composite Resins L .G . SENSI, and H . STRASSLER, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD

1042 AADR 2010

Color Stability of a New Silorane-Based Restorative Material J . BREWSTER, and K . VANDEWALLE, USAF, Lackland AFB, TX

0836 AADR 2010

Effect of Different Shades of Toothpaste on Composite Color Stability K . RILEY, and J . DA COSTA, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR

0033 AADR 2010

Generalized Wear Simulation of Resin Composites W . BARKMEIER, M . LATTA, and R . ERICKSON, Creighton University, Omaha, NE

0462 AADR 2010

Properties of a Composite Resin with New Monomer Technology W . LIEN, and K . VANDEWALLE, USAF, Lackland AFB, TX

0436 AADR 2010

Bond Strength of Luting Cements to Silorane-Based Composite Surfaces M .F . DE GOES1, C .H .M . ARITA2, and M .A .C . SINHORETI1, 1Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, Brazil, 2Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil

1501 AADR 2010

Real-Time Tomographic Monitoring of Composite Restoration Placement Using SS-OCT A . SADR1, J . MAYORAL MOLINA2, Y . SHIMADA3, T .A . BAKHSH3, E . CHO3, and J . TAGAMI4, 1Global COE, International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, 2Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, 3Tokyo Medical & Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, 4Cariology and Operative Department, GCOE Program at TMDU, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

0460 AADR 2010

Effects of Irradiance on the Microhardness of a Silorane-Based Composite D . STEFAN-DOGAR, and K . VANDEWALLE, USAF, Lackland AFB, TX

0203 AADR 2010

Delayed Microtensile-Bond Strength of a Silorane-based Composite Resin Bonding Agent M . GIACOBBI, and K . VANDEWALLE, USAF, Lackland AFB, TX

0796 AADR 2010

Effect of Resin Coating on the Ultimate Strength of Glass-Ionomers M . SHINOHARA, Amazonas State University and Uninorte - Laureate International Universities, Manaus Amazonas, Brazil, A . ANTUNES, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil, J . PADOVANO, University of Illinois - Chicago, Chicago, IL, and A .K . BEDRAN-RUSSO, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL

0092 AADR 2010

Fluoride-Releasing Materials: pH Effects on Mechanical Properties and Ion Release J .L . MOREAU1, H .H .K . XU1, H .E . STRASSLER1, and L . SUN2, 1University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, 2American Dental Association Health Foundation, Gaithersburg, MD

1346 AADR 2010

Fluoride-Releasing Materials: Mechanical Properties in Long-Term Water Aging J . MOREAU, K . TARABISHY, and H .H .K . XU, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD

0095 AADR 2010

In Vitro Wear of Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials M . LATTA, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, W . BARKMEIER, Creighton University, Elkhorn, NE, and T . WILWERDING, Creighton University, Omaha, NE

1211 AADR 2010

Micro-CT Assessment of Longitudinal Demineralization R . GUPTE, W . DOUGLAS, and A . FOK, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

0656 AADR 2010

Dentin Permeability of a Seventh Generation-Adhesive with Total Etch R . RUSIN1, B . SHUKLA2, S . VELAMAKANNI1, C . SUMMERS1, and C . THALACKER3, 13M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN, 23M ESPE Dental, St . Paul, MN, 33M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

0779 AADR 2010

Immediate Bond Strengths of Total and Self-Etch Adhesives C . RAMSEY1, R . RITTER1, and J .M . POWERS2, 1Private Practice, Jupiter, FL, 2Dental Consultants, Inc, Ann Arbor, MI

0019 AADR 2010

Strength Testing of All-in-One Adhesives on Enamel and Dentin KUGEL, R .D . PERRY, M . FINKELMAN, and R . PERRY, Tufts University, Boston, MA

2202 IADR 2010

Ability of Self-Etch Adhesives to Protect Collagen Fibers N . SARTORI1, L .D . PERUCHI2, S . MONTEIRO2, L . BARATIERI3, M .A . DE ANDRADA2, and R . BELLI2, 1Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianopolis/SC, Brazil, 2Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil, 3Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

0092 IADR 2010

Bonding Performance of Contemporary Self-Etching Adhesives J . FU, K . YASUMOTO, S . HOSHIKA, T . IKEDA, and H . SANO, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

2952 IADR 2010

Sealing Abilities of All-in-One Adhesives Under Thermo-Mechanical Cyclic Stress T . KIMISHIMA1, M . HARA1, T . MASEKI1, Y . NARA1, and I .L . DOGON2, 1Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, 2Harvard University, Boston, MA

0010 IADR 2010

Etching Effect on Marginal Quality of a Self-Etch Adhesive R . FRANKENBERGER1, T . KUNSTMANN2, M . ROGGENDORF1, and U . LOHBAUER2, 1University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany, 2Dental Clinic1, Erlangen, Germany

0717 IADR 2010

Cytotoxicity of Different Generations of Dentin Adhesives J .M .F . DA SILVA1, G . SCHMALZ2, J .R . RODRIGUES3, K .-A . HILLER2, C . SEIDENADER2, and H . SCHWEIKL2, 1São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil, 2University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, 3São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil

92


0007 IADR 2010

The Effect of Decalcified Root Surfaces on Dentinal Bond Strength F . OZER1, M . SHER1, S . KARABEKIROGLU2, L . DANESHMHER1, N . UNLU2, and M .B . BLATZ1, 1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 2Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey

0435 AADR 2010

Dentin Bond Strength, Flexural Strength and Modulus of Bonding Agents A . CARVALHO1, M . CARRILHO2, D . METTENBURG3, G . AMBROSANO1, R . CANTANHEDE DE SÁ1, F . RUEGGEBERG3, and M . GIANNINI1, 1State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil, 2Bandeirante University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 3Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA

0655 AADR 2010

Dentin Permeability of New Dental Adhesives B . SHUKLA1, R . RUSIN2, S . VELAMAKANNI1, and C . SUMMERS1, 13M ESPE Dental, St . Paul, MN, 23M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN

1342 AADR 2010

Microleakage of Class V Restorations Placed With Different Restorative Techniques S . PASSOS, G .C . IORGOVAN, M .J .M .C . SANTOS, G .C . SANTOS, Jr ., and A .S . RIZKALLA, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

0689 IADR 2010

Dentin-Moisture and Active-Application Effects on Bonding Performance: 24-Month Clinical Trial C . ZANDER-GRANDE1, A . LOGUERCIO1, T . COSTA2, S . QUEJI2, and A . REIS3, 1Universidade Estadual De Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa - Paraná, Brazil, 2Universidade Estadual De Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil, 3Universidade Estadual De Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa - Parana, Brazil

3962 IADR 2010

Effect of Hemostatic Agent to Composite-Dentin Bond Strength R . Murathanont, N . Kaewtip, S . Rodloy, and P . Padipatvuthikul, Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand]

2214 IADR 2010

Bond Strength of Adhesives After Two Years of Water Storage A .L . CALIXTO, O .M .M . GOMES, G .C . MARTINS, G .M . GOMES, J .C . GOMES, A . LOGUERCIO, and A . REIS, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Parana, Brazil

2208 IADR 2010

Bonding Efficacy of Self-Etch Adhesives to Hypersensitive Dentin S . DUARTE1, M .M . LOPES2, A .C . BOTTA3, A .L . OLIVEIRA4, and J .-H . PHARK1, 1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 2University of Lisbon - School of Dentistry, Lisboa, Portugal, 3Case Western Reserve University and São Paulo State University, Cleveland Heights, OH, 4São Paulo State University, São Carlos, Brazil

2206 IADR 2010

Microtensile Bond Strength of Four Dentin Adhesives to Primary Dentin R .S . VIEIRA, C . MIRANDA, L .H .M . PRATES, and M .C . CHAIN, Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

1323 AADR 2010

Adhesion of Liners with a New Sixth-Generation Adhesive S .B . MITRA, R .P . RUSIN, and H .T . BUI, 3M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN

2960 IADR 2010

Effects of Coating-Resins and Adhesives Against Demineralization on Root Surfaces A .V . KANESHIRO1, S . IMAZATO2, W . KIBA2, and S . EBISU2, 1Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

2252 IADR 2010

Radiopacity of Linning Glass Ionomer Cements A .A . LIMA1, D .L .M . BORGES1, L .C .G . PEREIRA1, and M .T . ATTA2, 1UniEVANGÉLICA - Anápolis Dental School, Anapolis-GO, Brazil, 2Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil

2967 IADR 2010

Biomechanical Degradation of the Nano-Filled Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer Surface S .B . DE FUCIO1, J . PUPPIN-RONTANI2, A .B . DE PAULA1, F .G . CARVALHO1, V .P . FEITOSA1, G .M . AMBROSANO1, and R .M . PUPPIN-RONTANI1, 1Piracicaba Dental School/State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil, 2FOAr/UNESP, Piracicaba, Brazil

2313 IADR 2010

Surface Roughness of Two Composites After Etching With Various AcidsB . LOOMANS1, M . CARDOSO2, N . OPDAM1, J . ROETERS1, J . DE MUNCK2, M .-C . HUYSMANS1, and B . VAN MEERBEEK2, 1Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 2Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

2298 IADR 2010

Polymerization Shrinkage Kinetics of Silorane-Based Composites Y .C . KWON1, S .H . MIN1, D .G . SEO1, B .H . CHO1, H .H . SON2, B .S . LIM1, and I .B . LEE1, 1Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 2Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea

0320 IADR 2010

Novel 3M Flowables with Reduced Shrinkage while Maintaining Mechanical Properties C . CAO, G . KOBUSSEN, T . DUNBAR, and V .A . RUSSELL, 3M ESPE, St . Paul, MN

4100 IADR 2010

Polish Retention and Fluorescence Assessment of Flowable Composites G . KOBUSSEN, C . CAO, and V .A . RUSSELL, 3M ESPE, St . Paul, MN

4050 IADR 2010

Fracture Properties and Mechanical Strength of a New Nanocomposite B . CRAIG1, S .B . MITRA2, R .H . HALVORSON1, J . HAMER3, and M .C . DORUFF1, 13M ESPE, St . Paul, MN, 23M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN, 33M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN

93



1215AADR 2010

Vanish™ 5% NaF White VarnishNew Varnish Releases Fluoride, Calcium and Phosphorous In VitroP .J . FLANIGAN1, J . FITCH2, and D . AESCHLIMAN2, 13M ESPE, St . Paul, MN, 23M ESPE, St . Paul, MN

Objective: Determine how much calcium, fluoride, and phosphorous are released from the next generation white varnish containing a functionalized calcium ingredient (EXM-736), compared to 3M™ ESPE™ Vanish™ 5% Sodium Fluoride White Varnish (Vanish).

Method: Vanish and EXM-736 varnishes are applied onto frosted glass slides. Each sample is immersed separately into 25 mL DI water at 37°C. After 1, 4, 8, and 24 hrs, the water is collected and replaced with fresh DI water. Fluoride concentrations are measured at each time-point using a fluoride-ion specific electrode after the addition of TISAB-II buffer. Calcium and phosphorous concentrations are measured at each time point by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP). Cumulative mean micrograms of fluoride, calcium, and phosphorous released per area (ug/cm2) are analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s T-test (p<0.05).

Results: Calcium, phosphorous and fluoride are all released from the new EXM-736 varnish formulation, and only fluoride is released from Vanish. The control slide (not coated) had no release. Cumulative release (ug/cm2) after 24 hrs is shown below (n=5). Identical superscript letters indicate released concentrations that are statically not different, p<0.05.

Material n [Ca] @ 24 hr Mean, sd

[P] @ 24 hr Mean, sd

[F-] @ 24 hr Mean, sd

EXM-736 5 0 .8072, 0 .1566a 0 .8215, 0 .2472c 40 .2, 4 .1e

Vanish 5 0 .1331, 0 .0360b 0 .0646, 0 .0224d 36 .8, 1 .8e

Control 5 0 .0000, 0b 0 .0562, 0 .0186d 0 .3, 0 .1f

Conclusion: Calcium, phosphorous, and fluoride are readily available in vitro from the new EXM-736 varnish formulation. The addition of a functionalized calcium ingredient to the new varnish formulation does not inhibit the amount of fluoride that is released, and enables the release of calcium and phosphorous from the varnish in vitro.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To determine how much calcium, fluoride, and phosphorous are released from the next generation white varnish containing a functionalized calcium ingredient (EXM-736), compared to 3M™ ESPE™ Vanish™ 5% NaF White Varnish.

Results of the study: Calcium, phosphorous and fluoride are all released from the new EXM-736 varnish formulation; only fluoride is released from Vanish 5% NaF white varnish.



94

1170AADR 2010

Vanish™ 5% NaF White VarnishIn Vivo Study: Migration and Salivary Fluoride After Varnish ApplicationV .B . KOLB, P .R . KLAIBER, R .E . FARLEE, and A .M . PFARRR, Farlee RE, 3M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure varnish migration and salivary fluoride levels following application of two rosin-based fluoride varnishes.

Methods: Consenting adult volunteers (n=19) with normal salivary flow were enrolled into this IRB-approved clinical study. The study utilized a randomized, singleblind, crossover design where all subjects received both products. Treatments consisted of a thin layer (50 mg) of varnish applied to eight facial tooth surfaces, preceded by >48 hr fluoride-restricted period to clear residual fluoride from the oral cavity. Migration data were captured as subject self assessments. Subjects determined the presence or absence of varnish on tooth surfaces and reported the presence of varnish with the aid of a simple diagram at baseline, 90 sec, 1 hr and 4 hrs post-application. Salivary fluoride samples collected via Salivette® device at baseline, 1 hr, and 4 hrs post application were evaluated using a calibrated ISE. Products compared were: A) Vanish™ 5% NaF White Varnish (3M™ ESPE™), and B) EXM-736 (3M ESPE), Vanish 5% NaF White Varnish with a calcium-based additive.

Results: Approximately 90 sec after application, varnish was reported (mean±SEM) on: A) 9.79±1.67 and B) 9.21±1.42 tooth surfaces, (ANOVA, p=0.79). After 1 hr: A) 20.00±1.43 and B) 19.58±2.80 surfaces (p=0.88). After 4 hrs: A) 16.68±1.53 and B) 17.21±1.90 surfaces (p=0.83). Baseline-adjusted mean salivary fluoride concentrations (ppm F±SEM) after 1 hr: A) 5.84±1.77 and B) 6.65±2.18 (ANOVA, p=0.87). After 4 hrs: A) 1.34±0.33 and B) 1.34±0.32 (p=0.96).

Conclusions: Both varnishes migrated to untreated tooth surfaces after application. The mean number of surfaces on which varnish was reported at 90 sec, 1 hr, and 4 hrs were not significantly different, demonstrating that the addition of the calcium-based additive does not alter Vanish Varnish migration, in vivo. Additionally, mean salivary fluoride concentrations observed at 1 hr and 4 hrs did not differ significantly, demonstrating that the addition of the calcium-based additive to Vanish Varnish does not alter fluoride bioavailability.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To measure varnish migration and salivary fluoride levels following application of two rosin-based fluoride varnishes.

Results of the study: There were no statistically significant differences between test groups.

95



0383IADR 2010

Vanish™ 5% NaF White VarnishRemineralization and Acid Resistance Effects of 5% NaF VarnishesP .J . FLANIGAN, F . VANG, and A . PFARRER, 3M ESPE, St . Paul, MN

Objective: Compare the remineralization and acid resistance effects provided by 3M™ ESPE™ Vanish™ 5% NaF White Varnish (Vanish), a fluoride-free Vanish placebo, an experimental Vanish with a calcium-based additive (EXM-736) and samples without treatment.

Methods: Bovine incisor enamel was cut into 5 × 5 mm blocks, mounted in dental acrylic and polished. Blocks were immersed in a carbopol-lactic acid demineralization solution (pH=5) for 96 hrs at 37°C to form a lesion. Samples were then measured for baseline surface microhardness using a Vickers diamond with 200g load (15 sec). Remineralization was studied by dividing the samples into four treatment groups (n=12) and treating them with materials listed above. Treated and control samples were immersed separately in artificial saliva for 24 hrs at 37°C (pH=7). After soaking in saliva, samples were cleaned of varnish residue, rinsed with deionized water, and measured by microhardness. Then, the samples were placed in demineralization solution for an additional 24 hrs (acid challenge), rinsed, and characterized by microhardness. Mean surface microhardness for each treatment group was calculated and compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s T-test (p<0.05) at each analysis step.

Results: Mean surface microhardness values and stdev are reported in the Table below. Means joined by vertical lines are not different, p<0.05. Baseline microhardness values were not significantly different, demonstrating the treatment groups were balanced at study initiation. Lesions treated with Vanish and EXM-736 exhibited a greater surface microhardness gain than fluoride-free Vanish placebo and no treatment groups. This demonstrates that fluoride helps remineralize the demineralized enamel and confirms model validity. Remineralized lesions treated with EXM-736 and Vanish also exhibited resistance to acid challenge by maintaining microhardness values greater than the baseline level.

VHN (Vickers Hardness Number)

Treatment Group n Baseline Mean VHN, stdev Treatment Mean VHN, stdev Acid Challenge Mean VHN, stdev

EXM-736 12 31 .1 (14 .2) 45 .7 (19 .4) 43 .4 (15 .0)

Vanish™ 12 30 .1 (11 .4) 42 .6 (16 .0) 36 .0 (14 .0)

Vanish™ Placebo 12 30 .2 (10 .1) 31 .5 (10 .1) 25 .7 ( 9 .2)

No Treatment 12 29 .6 (11 .9) 31 .7 (12 .5) 26 .1 (10 .9)

Conclusion: Remineralization of demineralized bovine enamel can be achieved using EXM-736 or Vanish varnish. EXM-736 provides greater resistance to demineralization than Vanish.

Study was supported by 3M ESPE and MDRCBB.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the remineralization and acid resistance effects provided by 3M™ ESPE™ Vanish™ 5% NaF White Varnish (Vanish), a fluoride-free Vanish placebo, an experimental Vanish with a calcium-based additive (EXM-736) and samples without treatment.

Results of the study: Baseline microhardness values were not significantly different, demonstrating the treatment groups were balanced at study initiation. Lesions treated with Vanish 5% NaF white varnish and EXM-736 exhibited a greater surface microhardness gain than fluoride-free Vanish varnish placebo and no treatment groups. This demonstrates that fluoride helps remineralize the demineralized enamel and confirms model validity. Remineralized lesions treated with EXM-736 and Vanish varnish also exhibited resistance to acid challenge by maintaining microhardness values greater than the baseline level.



96

4013IADR 2010

Vanish™ 5% NaF White Varnish In Vivo Study: Fluoride Varnish Migration and Salivary FluorideV .B . KOLB, P .R . KLAIBER, and A .M . PFARRER, 3M ESPE Dental Products, St . Paul, MN

Objective: To measure varnish migration and salivary fluoride concentrations following the application of three fluoride varnishes.

Methods: Consenting adult volunteers (n=20) with normal salivary flow (0.5 to 3.0 mL/min) were enrolled into this IRB-approved study. The study utilized a randomized, single-blind, crossover design; all subjects received all treatments. Treatments consisted of 50 mg of varnish being applied to the facial surfaces of only the eight anterior maxillary teeth by a trained dental professional. Prior to treatment, subjects refrained from fluoride exposure for at least 48 hours. The number of surfaces covered with varnish was determined by subject self assessments and recorded on simple diagrams of the dentition at 3 min, 1 hr, and 4 hrs after application. Fluoride concentration in saliva samples collected prior to varnish application, 1 hr and 4 hrs after varnish application was determined using a calibrated fluoride ISE. Products compared were: (A) EXM-736; an experimental varnish (3M™ ESPE™), (B) Colgate® PreviDent® Varnish, and (C) VarnishAmerica™ White. Tooth surfaces covered and salivary fluoride concentrations were compared at each time point using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05).

Results: Mean number of covered tooth surfaces and salivary fluoride concentrations with corresponding SEM are reported in the Table. Varnish A was observed on a greater number of tooth surfaces than B and C both 1 hr and 4 hrs after application (A>B and A>C). Additionally, varnish A exhibited greater salivary fluoride concentration than B and C after 1 hr (A≥B and A>C); however, at 4 hrs after application, the salivary fluoride concentrations were similar.

TEST PRODUCT Mean # Surfaces where Product was Reported (±SEM, n=20)

3 min 1 hour 4 hours

A 11 .10 ± 1 .94 19 .25 ± 1 .75 17 .05 ± 1 .71

B 13 .20 ± 1 .06 14 .45 ± 1 .21 11 .40 ± 1 .04

C 9 .25 ± 0 .73 10 .15 ± 0 .85 8 .50 ± 0 .56

TEST PRODUCT Mean Salivary Fluoride Concentrations (±SEM, n=20)

Prior to application 1 hour 4 hours

A 0 .20 ± 0 .06 6 .29 ± 1 .01 1 .39 ± 0 .23

B 0 .20 ± 0 .08 5 .02 ± 0 .65 1 .03 ± 0 .17

C 0 .10 ± 0 .01 3 .86 ± 0 .68 1 .18 ± 0 .17

Conclusions: The experimental varnish was observed on a greater number of tooth surfaces following application, demonstrating its ability to migrate across tooth surfaces better than the other varnishes tested. The experimental varnish also exhibited greater salivary fluoride concentrations after application suggesting the unique migration performance provides higher levels of bioavailable fluoride, in vivo.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To measure varnish migration and salivary fluoride concentrations following application of three fluoride varnishes.

Results of the study: Varnish A was observed on a greater number of tooth surfaces than B and C both 1 hour and 4 hours after application (A>B and A>C). Additionally, varnish A exhibited greater salivary fluoride concentration than B and C after 1 hour (A≥B and A>C); however, at 4 hours after application, the salivary fluoride concentrations were similar.



97

Results found in abstracts for Vanish™ XT Extended Contact Varnish also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Clinpro™ XT Varnish .

1335AADR 2010

Vanish™ XT Extended Contact VarnishEnamel Microleakage of a New Protective CoatingP . KLAIBER, R . RUSIN, and N . KUMAR, 3M ESPE Dental Products, St, Paul, MN

Objectives: To compare the in vitro enamel microleakage of a new coating material, 3M ESPE Vanish™ XT Extended Contact Varnish (VXT), to three other coating materials: GC Fuji Triage® Capsule Radiopaque Glass Ionomer (FT); Ultradent UltraSeal XT® plus™ Pit & Fissure Sealant (USXT); Pulpdent® Embrace™ WetBond™ Pit & Fissure Sealant (EWB). VXT is a resin-modified glass ionomer in a paste-liquid delivery.

Methods: The labial surfaces of bovine incisors were pumiced and rinsed thoroughly before applying ~10 mm circular region of sealant per manufacturer’s instructions. The entire remainder of the tooth surface was sealed with impermeable nail polish, leaving a ~1 mm uncoated area bordering the sealant. One group of teeth was thermocycled (5°C/55°C, 30 sec dwell, 2,000 cycles), another conditioned 37°C in DI-water. Teeth were soaked in methylene blue 5 min; rinsed; coated in resin; sectioned with two mesiolabial cuts ~1 mm apart perpendicular to the axis; lightly polished. Measurements of stain penetration at the enamel/sealant interface were made on an optical microscope at the mesial and distal edges of each cut (four measurements per tooth, n=12 measurements for each treatment group). The data were analyzed via Kruskall-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks (p<0.05).

Results: Stain penetration is shown below. All groups were statistically not different. Eighty-seven out of 96 observed margins showed no visible stain penetration.

Material Stain Penetration at Margin 37°C/5 day (mm) Mean ± SD (n)

Stain Penetration at Margin thermocycled (mm) Mean ± SD (n)

VXT 0 .0±0 .0 (12) 0 .05±0 .17 (12)

FT 0 .05±0 .17 (12) 0 .12±0 .41 (12)

EWB 0 .02±0 .06 (12) 0 .04±0 .15 (12)

USXT 0 .0±0 .0 (12) 0 .0±0 .0 (12)

Conclusions: VXT was statistically not different from FT, USXT, and EWB in in vitro enamel microleakage performance.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the in vitro enamel microleakage of a new coating material, 3M™ ESPE™ Vanish™ XT Extended Contact Varnish (VXT), to three other coating materials: GC Fuji Triage® Capsule Radiopaque Glass Ionomer (FT); Ultradent UltraSeal XT® plus™ Pit & Fissure Sealant (USXT); Pulpdent® Embrace™ WetBond™ Pit & Fissure Sealant (EWB). VXT is a resin-modified glass ionomer in a paste-liquid delivery.

Results of the study: Vanish XT varnish was statistically not different from FT, USXT, and EWB in in vitro enamel microleakage performance.



98

Results found in abstracts for Vanish™ XT Extended Contact Varnish also apply to products registered under the following name(s): Clinpro™ XT Varnish .

0811AADR 2010

Vanish™ XT Extended Contact VarnishEffect of a New Desensitization Material on Dentin PermeabilityR . RUSIN, P .R . KLAIBER, and M . GUSTAFSON, 3M ESPE Dental Products Laboratory, St . Paul, MN

Objectives: Compare the convective fluid movements across dentin with open tubules after placement of a new resin-modified glass ionomer desensitization material, 3M™ ESPE™ Vanish™ XT Extended Contact Varnish (VXT), vs. a glutaraldehyde-based material, Heraeus Kulzer™ Gluma™ Desensitizer (GLU).

Methods: Crown segments cut from extracted maxillary third molars were cemented onto polycarbonate plastic slabs penetrated by a stainless steel tube allowing filling of the pulp chamber with aqueous 1% chloramine-T under 140 cm H

2O pressure. These were attached to a device that measured fluid

movement through the dentin. The dentin surface was etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 30 sec to permit measurement of the maximum permeability. GLU or VXT were applied per manufacturer’s instructions. Permeability was measured on the etched and on the coated dentin for each sample. Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s T-test (p<0.05).

Results: Permeability in microliter/min @140 cm H2O is shown below as mean (SD). Groups in each

column with the same superscript letter are not significantly different (p>0.05).

Material n Etched Treated % Reduction

GLU 9 2 .20(0 .04)a 2 .77(0 .03)a -31 .1(19 .4)a

VXT 9 2 .07(0 .04)a 0 .13(0 .37)b 92 .4(21 .1)b

Conclusions: The permeability reduction after treatment with VXT is statistically greater than with GLU; the permeability reduction with GLU is statistically not different from zero. VXT shows potential for reducing dentinal sensitivity.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the convective fluid movements across dentin with open tubules after placement of a new resin-modified glass ionomer desensitization material, 3M™ ESPE™ Vanish™ XT Extended Contact Varnish (VXT), vs. a glutaraldehyde-based material, Heraeus Kulzer™ Gluma™ Desensitizer (GLU).

Results of the study: Permeability in microliter/min @140 cm H2O is shown above as mean (SD).

Groups in each column with the same superscript letter are not significantly different (p>0.05).

99



Results found in abstracts for Clinpro™ 5000/1 .1% Sodium Fluoride Anti-Cavity Toothpaste also apply to products registered under the following name(s) Clinpro™ Tooth Crème 0 .217 . W/W Sodium Flouride Anti-Cavity Paste .

3226IADR 2010

Clinpro™ 5000 ToothpasteFluoride Availability of Professional DentifricesR .P . RUSIN, F . VANG, P .R . KLAIBER, and A .M . PFARRER, 3M ESPE Dental, St . Paul, MN

Objectives: Compare the fluoride availability of two professionally provided 5,000 ppmF dentifrices that have different calcium phosphate additives [CP5, TR] to three dentifrices that do not have calcium phosphate [PVP, PB, FX]. Materials tested are shown in the table.

Methods: Dentifrice was injected into a beaker of HPLC grade deionized water under vigorous stirring (1:10 dentifrice: water). Readings in millivolts were taken with a calibrated fluoride electrode before injection, and 2 min and 6 min after. Five ml of 1,000 ppmF standard was added to a 5 ml aliquot of the slurry; from this known addition, the fluoride concentration at each time was calculated for that sample. The data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA and compared with Tukey’s T-test (p<0.05).

Results: The results are shown in the table. Within each column, superscript letters denote groups that were not statistically different (p>0.05).

Dentifrice n Calcium Phosphate Additive

Available fluoride at 2 min, ppm F/g paste (StDev)

Available fluoride at 6 min, ppm F/g paste (StDev)

Percent of indicated fluoride at 2 min, % (StDev)

Percent of indicated fluoride at 6 min, % (StDev)

3M™ ESPE™ Clinpro™ 5000 1 .1% Sodium Fluoride Anti-Cavity Toothpaste [CP5]

5 TCP-SLS 3978 (171)a

4535 (171)a

79 .6 (3 .4)a

90 .7 (3 .4)a

Colgate™ Prevident™ 5000 Plus (1 .1% Sodium Fluoride) Prescription Strength Toothpaste [PVP]

5 none 4108 (307)a

4344 (225)a

82 .2 (6 .1)a

86 .9 (4 .5)a

Colgate™ Prevident™ 5000 Booster (1 .1% Sodium Fluoride) Prescription Strength Toothpaste [PB]

5 none 4287 (207)a

4496 (202)a

85 .7 (4 .1)a

89 .9 (4 .0)a

Sultan™ Healthcare Topex™ Renew™ Remineralizing & Desensitizing Toothpaste [TR]

5 calcium sodium phosphosilicate

1105 (102)b

1264 (77)b

22 .1 (2 .0)b

25 .3 (1 .5)b

Discus™ Fluoridex™ Daily Defense™ 1 .1% Neutral Sodium Fluoride 5000 ppm Toothpaste [FX]

5 none 3856 (380)a

4222 (145)a

77 .1 (7 .6)a

84 .4 (2 .9)a

Conclusions: The mean available fluoride levels at 2 min and 6 min for the professionally provided 5,000 ppmF dentifrices CP5, PVP, PB, and FX are not statistically different, and higher than that of TR. The available fluoride as a percent of indicated fluoride for CP5, PVP, PB, and FX was statistically significantly higher than that of TR at all times measured. Some calcium phosphate additives might reduce fluoride availability as measured in this test; the new calcium-based additive in CP5 (TCP-SLS) does not appear to inhibit fluoride availability as measured in this test, compared to dentifrices without calcium phosphate. Further studies may be helpful to determine the relative remineralization potential of these professionally provides 5,000 ppmF dentifrices.

This study was supported by 3M ESPE.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the fluoride availability of two professionally provided 5,000 ppmF dentifrices that have different calcium phosphate additives [CP5, TR] to three dentifrices that do not have calcium phosphate [PVP, PB, FX].

Results of the study: The mean available fluoride levels at 2 minutes and 6 minutes for the professionally provided 5,000 ppmF dentifrices CP5, PVP, PB, and FX are not statistically different, and higher than that of TR. The available fluoride as a percent of indicated fluoride for CP5, PVP, PB, and FX was statistically significantly higher than that of TR at all times measured.



100

Results found in abstracts for Clinpro™ 5000/1 .1% Sodium Fluoride Anti-Cavity Toothpaste also apply to products registered under the following name(s) Clinpro™ Tooth Crème 0 .217 . W/W Sodium Flouride Anti-Cavity Paste .

0386IADR 2010

Clinpro™ 5000 ToothpasteInhibition of Demineralization and Promotion of Remineralization by 5,000 ppmF DentifricesJ .D . FEATHERSTONE, M . RAPOZO-HILO, and C . LE, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Objectives: To use a well-established pH-cycling caries simulation model to assess whether 5,000 ppm NaF dentifrices with and without a calcium-based additive inhibit demineralization and/or promote remineralization.

Methods: Sterilized bovine enamel blocks (n=20/group) were prepared with one exposed window (4 × 2 mm) and subjected to nine days of alternating, demineralization (6 hrs, pH 4.6, Ca/P/acetate) and remineralization (17 hrs, pH 7, Ca/P) with dentifrice treatment (1:3 slurry in DDW) 2X daily for one minute each (before and after demineralization). Dentifrices were NaF based and contained: A) 5,000 ppm F; B) 100 ppm F; C) 1,100 ppm F; and D) 5,000 ppm F plus calcium. Enamel blocks were assessed by cross-sectional microhardness. Relative mineral loss was calculated (ΔZ, vol. % min x μm). Mean ΔZ values for each group were compared using ANOVA and Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (p<0.05).

Results: Mean ΔZ (SD, n=20) values were 649 (252); 1083 (430); 1503 (519); 3638 (670) for groups D (Clinpro® 5000), A (Prevident® 5,000 Plus), C (Crest® 1, 100 ppm F) and B (100 ppm F: diluted from Crest 1,100 ppm F) respectively. All groups were statistically significantly different from each other (p<0.05). A clear dose response was observed for the clinically-proven products with mean ΔZ A<C<B. LogF vs ΔZ was linear, r=0.971. The product containing a calcium-based additive (Group D) performed at least as well as the clinically-proven 5,000 ppm F benchmark (ΔZ: D<A).

Conclusions: The clear dose response to fluoride concentration indicates the model is capable of providing meaningful results reflective of clinical studies. The calcium-based additive (Group D) did not interfere with the proven benefits of fluoride and appeared to provide an additional effect in this model. Additional studies may be helpful to determine if this effect translates to clinical performance.

Supported by a grant from 3M ESPE Preventive Care.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To use a well-established pH-cycling caries simulation model to assess whether 5,000 ppm NaF dentifrices with and without a calcium-based additive inhibit demineralization and/or promote remineralization.

Results of the study: All groups were statistically significantly different from each other (p<0.05). A clear dose response was observed for the clinically-proven products with mean ΔZ A<C<B. LogF vs ΔZ was linear, r=0.971. The product containing a calcium-based additive (Group D) performed at least as well as the clinically proven 5,000 ppm F benchmark (ΔZ: D<A).

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Clinpro™ 5000/1 .1% Sodium Fluoride Anti-Cavity Toothpaste also apply to products registered under the following name(s) Clinpro™ Tooth Crème 0 .217 . W/W Sodium Flouride Anti-Cavity Paste .

3230IADR 2010

Clinpro™ 5000 ToothpasteLesion Progression After Use of Fluoride and CaP Containing DentifricesM .M . HOGAN, J .D . HARLESS, and J .S . WEFEL, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the de/remineralization effect on enamel lesions after treatment with fluoride and CaP containing dentifrices using a pH-cycling model in vitro.

Methods: Twelve extracted, intact, non-carious teeth were demineralized to create subsurface enamel lesions. Teeth were sectioned and characterized using polarized-light-microscopy (PLM). One hundred thirty-two sections were divided between six treatment groups: CCPD (Crest Cavity Protection, diluted to a 110 ppm F- control), MIPP (MI Paste Plus, 900 ppm F- with calcium), CPTC (Clinpro Tooth Crème, 950 ppm F- with calcium), CCPP (Crest Cavity Protection 1,100 ppm F-), CP5K (Clinpro 5000, with calcium), and PREV (Prevident 5,000, without calcium). Sections were covered with varnish except for an exposed window on the surface of the enamel lesion. The daily pH-cycling period consisted of a 2 min treatment, demineralization for 3 hrs, artificial saliva for 2 hrs, demineralization for 3 hrs and treatment for 2 min, followed by artificial saliva overnight. After 14 days of cycling, the sections were re-characterized by PLM and the lesions measured for area and depth using a digital image analysis system.

Results: The six groups had similar lesion area and depth prior to treatment and pH cycling. A comparison of % Change revealed that all groups showed lesion progression by an increase in lesion area and lesion depth. The low F- group had the most, while the two 5,000 ppm F- groups showed the least lesion progression and they were significantly different from the rest but not each other (ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer).

Conclusion: The two-minute treatment periods showed an inhibition of lesion progression which correlated with F- concentration. See Table below. No statistically significant synergism was noted by the presence of functionalized Tri-calcium Phosphate (fTCP) while the Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) appeared to negate any F- effect in this model.

Supported in part by 3M ESPE.

Lesion Progression Following Cycling (Polarized Light Microscopy)

Area in H2O Average Lesion Depth in H

2O

Product

[F-] ppm

N

% Change

SD

Rank p<0.05

% Change

SD

Rank p<0.05

PREV 5000 22 23 13 A 23 9 A

CP5K 5000 20 27 11 A 23 10 A

CCPP 1100 22 51 15 B 42 12 B

CPTC 950 22 54 16 BC 46 13 BC

MIPP 900 22 64 20 BC 54 18 C

CCPD 110 22 67 23 C 53 17 BC

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To evaluate the de/remineralization effect on enamel lesions after treatment with fluoride and CaP containing dentifrices using a pH-cycling model in vitro.

Results of the study: The six groups had similar lesion area and depth prior to treatment and pH cycling. A comparison of % Change revealed that all groups showed lesion progression by an increase in lesion area and lesion depth. The low F- group had the most, while the two 5,000 ppm F- groups showed the least lesion progression and they were significantly different from the rest but not each other.



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0116IADR 2010

Clinpro™ Prophy PowderNon-Abrasive Air-Polishing with Clinpro™ Prophy Powder on Composite MaterialsI . HAEBERLEIN, H . STOEGER, M . HAUKE, and B . SCHMID, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Routine use of air polishing as fast, simple and efficient treatment in professional tooth cleaning was limited by substantial abrasiveness of the bicarbonate-based air-polishing powders on composite materials. The novel glycine-based air-polishing powder, Clinpro™ Prophy Powder (3M ESPE), claims to be much less abrasive for composite materials.

Objective: Aim of the study was to compare the abrasiveness of Clinpro™ Prophy Powder and a bicarbonate-based air-polishing powder Air-Flow™ Classic (EMS) on six different composite materials.

Methods: Composite sample disks were light cured in accordance to manufacturer’s instruction for use between glass plates. Air polishing of the respective sample discs (n=12) was accomplished for five sec at a treatment angle of 60,° distance to surface 5 mm. After air-polishing, an impression was taken from the composite surface with Impregum™ Garant™ L DuoSoft™ (3M ESPE). A stereo microscope was used to measure the dimension of the extrusion which represents the defect of the composite surface generated by the respective air-polishing powder. For statistical evaluation a Two-Sample T-Test (p<0.05) was applied.

Results: After 5 sec of air-polishing substantial composite material losses of 0.03 to 0.05 mm3 were observable with the bicarbonate-based powder, whereas almost no abrasion was caused by the glycine-based Clinpro™ Prophy Powder. A material loss of only 0.0001 mm3 had been measured at all investigated composite materials. The observed differences between bicarbonate-based and glycine-based air-polishing powder were statistically significant (p-value <0.05).

Conclusion: Use of traditional bicarbonate-based powder for air-polishing of composite materials is clinically not recommendable due to its too high abrasiveness. The glycine-based Clinpro™ Prophy Powder is much less abrasive and should be preferred for professional cleaning of composite materials.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the abrasiveness of 3M™ ESPE™ Clinpro™ Prophy Powder and a bicarbonate-based air-polishing powder Air-Flow™ Classic (EMS) on six different composite materials

Results of the study: After 5 seconds of air-polishing substantial composite material losses of 0.03 to 0.05 mm3 were observable with the bicarbonate-based powder, whereas almost no abrasion was caused by the glycine-based Clinpro Prophy Powder. A material loss of only 0.0001 mm3 had been measured at all investigated composite materials. The observed differences between bicarbonate-based and glycine-based air-polishing powder were statistically significant (p-value <0.05).

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4092IADR 2010

Clinpro™ Prophy PowderCleaning Efficacy of Air-Polishing of In Vitro Stained Composite MaterialsJ .C . FARR, H . STOEGER, M . HAUKE, B . SCHMID, and I . HAEBERLEIN, 3M ESPE AG, Seefeld, Germany

Routine use of air polishing as fast, simple and efficient treatment in professional tooth cleaning was limited by the substantial abrasiveness of the available bicarbonate-based air-polishing powders on composite materials. Substantial improvement was achieved by the development of glycine-based Clinpro™ Prophy Powder for air polishing which is almost non-abrasive for composite materials.

Objective: Aim of the study was to compare the cleaning efficacy of Clinpro™ Prophy Powder and a bicarbonate-based air-polishing powder Air-Flow™ Classic (EMS) on eight different composite materials.

Methods: Composite sample disks were light cured in accordance to manufacturer’s instruction for use between glass plates. Composite samples were stained with tea solution for 72 hrs at 30°C. Tea solution was changed twice a day. To mimic oral conditions with respect to soaking and air exposure, the samples were fixed on a PTFE-disc which rotated at 2 rpm. Air-polishing of the respective samples (n=4) was accomplished for 5 seconds at a treatment angle of 60°, distance to surface 5 mm. Before staining, after staining and after air polishing the color of the composite materials was measured with a LAB-Scan Device. Measured color vectors (E) were statistically compared by Two-Sample T-Tests (p<0.05).

Results: The cleaning efficacy of Clinpro™ Prophy Powder is equivalent to bicarbonate-based powder. Due to the highly reproducible experimental set-up the standard deviations in color measurements were very small. That is, even tiny differences between the color vector E values (<1.0) reached statistical significance (p<0.05) but these small differences are visually non-detectable.

Conclusion: Although Clinpro™ Prophy Powder is almost non-abrasive for composite materials its cleaning efficacy is nevertheless equivalent to the substantial abrasive traditional bicarbonate-based air-polishing powder.

3M ESPE Summary

Aim of the study: To compare the cleaning efficacy of 3M™ ESPE™ Clinpro™ Prophy Powder and a bicarbonate-based air-polishing powder Air-Flow™ Classic (EMS) on eight different composite materials.

Results of the study: The cleaning efficacy of Clinpro Prophy Powder is equivalent to bicarbonate-based powder. Due to the highly reproducible experimental set-up, the standard deviations in color measurements were very small. That is, even tiny differences between the color vector E values (<1.0) reached statistical significance (p<0.05) but these small differences are visually non-detectable.

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Notes

3M ESPE rejects any responsibility for the content of the abstracts (objectives, methods, results, conclusions) which have been reproduced unchanged in this brochure.

Based on the data contained in the abstracts, 3M ESPE has provided graphics, “Aim of the Study” and “Results of the Study,” to visualize and summarize the results.

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Espertise - multimedia.3m.com€¦ · on implant abutments (see page 12, abstract 0310, CED 2009) ... technology and 3M™ ESPE™ Clinpro™ XT Durable Fluoride-Releasing Coating