“GIS and Remote Sensing applications for the coastal environment quality monitoring and

support of the Romanian ICZM process implementation”

Razvan Mateescu, Alina Spinu N.I.M.R.D. “Grigore Antipa”, Blvd. Mamaia, no.300, Constanta,

code 900581, ROMANIA,

ESRI User Conference 15-17 October 2012, Oslo, Norway

Overview

1. Introduction - General data 2. Main threats on Romanian CZ 3. Research activities for WQ & Erosion control 4. ICZM & MSP activities 5. Support activities for ICZM implementations 6. Conclusions 7. Photo gallery

Abstract • The modern remote sensing tools used in the coastal resource management

will become one of the best alternatives to address the coastal vulnerability issues.

• Approaches encompassed in the present work will present the recent development of an increased understanding over the coastal process on synoptic scale afferent Romanian shore, and will give the possibility of an advised selection of different solutions for protection and conservation of the area.

• The work presents the certain spatial analysis approaches and results, developed in ArcGIS, based on RS and in situ data, towards an erosion control on the Romanian littoral, presently under intense changes at the sea-land interface, and it will be emphasized the result of the implementation of GIS and Remote sensing methods to some specific coastal management actions, including the implementation of the coastal zone delineation criteria in relation with the coastal geomorphologic processes and its driving forces.

Index Terms: coastal zone sustainability, water quality, erosion processes, vulnerable areas, ICZM

BLACK SEA BASIN • - Total area: 4.2 x 105 km2 • - Total water volume: 547,015 km3 • - Maximum depth: 2,212 m • - Drainage basin: > 2 million km2 • - Shoreline length: > 4,100 km • - Population: > 160 million people • - Riparian countries: 6 (Bulgaria,

Georgia, Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey, Ukraine)

NW BLACK SEA BASIN ¡ Romanian Shelf Waters (<200m) ¡ Highly dynamic system ¡ Most productive area of the Black Sea n strongly influenced by the Danube’s discharges n climatic processes

¡ High temporal variability of optimal blooming conditions ¡ Open Waters ¡ Less productive system ¡ Less temporal variability of favorable blooming conditions ¡ Production mainly influenced by climatic processes which govern

stratification, upwelling and water masses circulation1

1. McQUATTERS-GOLLOP, A., MEE, D., L., RAITSOS, D., E., SHAPIRO, D., I., 2008, Non-linearities, regime

shifts and recovery: The recent influence of climate of Black Sea chlorophyll, Journal of Marine Systems, 74, 649-658

ROMANIAN COAST OF THE BLACK SEA

n Over 244 km length (between Musura Branch si Vama Veche). Represent 6% of total length of Black Sea shore

n Geographically is formed by:

l Natural shore (beach and cliffs – circa 84%)

l Artificial shore (ports, coastal structures for protection - circa 16% ).

n The charactheristical zones of the shore are divided in two geomorphological units:

n Northern unit (the Danube Delta and the

Razim-Sinoe lagoon complex), stretching on 170 km, from Ucraina border to Midia and consist on shore with delats, lagoons and levees, been formed of marine-river accretions, recent shells sands, desposed under shapes of beach and litoral belts with relativelow cota, often less than 2m;

n Southern unit (Cap Midia - Vama Veche, at Bulgarian border), with a approximatelly length of 74 km, it is a relative high shore, with cliffs, mostlly active, of maximum high is ircca 35 m., and small beaches at basis

Length OF COASTALINE PER UNIT OF LAND AREA (KM/1000SKM) JAPAN 91.3

USA 2.2

GERMANY 6.8

ENGLAND 51.4

FRANCE 6.2

ITALY 17

CANADA 10

KOREA 24.1

ROMANIA 0.97

MAIN THREATS in the Romanian coastal zone

Coastal erosion / floods Pollution/WQ threatens most at: ØNorthern sector: -Section between Sulina & St. George and south of St. George Southern sector: beaches of the touristic resorts: • Mamaia • Constanta • Eforie Nord • Eforie Sud • Costinesti • Olimp to Mangalia

caused by: • Non-point sources (agriculture) • Point-sources (ind.+ mun. waste water) • Potential water shortage in North of Constanta County

Potential land-use conflicts due to: • increasing land demand due to urban growth. • increasing land demand for tourism development • increasing land demand for industrialization close to urban centers • unplanned settlements

Land use

WQ - Monitoring Program

q Romanian Monitoring (part of BSIMAP) grid - 44 stations Ø21 in coastal waters Ø12 in transitional waters Ø11 in marine waters q inner shelf waters – covered quite well spatially and temporally in the National Monitoring Program q outer shelf and open waters - occasionally covered within the framework of various projects (i.e. SESAME) or the collaboration with other institutes (i.e. JRC, IOBAS, GeoEcoMar)

COASTAL EROSION MONITORING

PROGRAM: SHORELINE CHANGES

A F P 2%

AP4%

AM9%

AS8% SR

6%

ES17%

EM32%

EP11%

EFP11%

A F P AP AM AS SR ES EM EP EFP

AFP

3%AP

7%AM

7%

AS

19%

SR

17%

ES

20%

EM

7%

EP

10%

EFP

10%

AFP AP AM AS SR ES EM EP EFP

AFP-very strong accretion >+325m;

AP-strong accretion +226÷+325;

AM-medium accretion +126÷+225;

AS- low accretion +26÷+125;

SR-dynamic stability +25÷-25;

ES-low erosion -26÷-125;

EM-medium erosion -126÷-225 EP-strong erosion -226÷-325; EFP-very strong erosion <-325.

AFP-very strong accretion >+35m;

AP-strong accretion +35÷+25.1;

AM-medium accretion +25÷+15.1;

AS-low accretion +15÷+5.1;

SR-dynamic stability +5÷-5;

ES-low erosion -5.1÷-15;

EM-medium erosion -15.1÷-25 EP-strong erosion -25.1÷-35; EFP-very strong erosion <-35.

The Northern Unit

The Southern Unit

1962-2003

EROSION = 78%

DYNAMIC STABILITY= 6%

ACCRETION = 22%

1981-2003

EROSION = 42%

DYNAMIC STABILITY = 18%

ACRETIUNE = 40%

EROSION ACCRETION

Shoreline changes 1962-2007Sulina-Vadu

Sulina

Radare

Canal Sonda

Lacul Rosu

Casla Vadanei

Nord Sf Gheorghe

Sf. Gheorghe

Ciotica

Zatonul Mic

Zatonul Mare

Perisor

Periteasca

Nord Gura Portitei

Sud Gura PortiteiFar Portita

Nord PeriboinaPeriboina

Edighiol

Gr Chituc

Graniceri

Gr. Chituc-Vadu

Vadu

-1000.00 -500.00 0.00 500.00

Sect

ions

(1km

)

Erosion/Accretion (m)

Main Causes of Coastal Erosion

The human interventions on Romanian Shore: • - the development of the hydrotehnical works on the

main river courses, having as effect the decreasing of solid discharge of Danube river with more than 50¸70% (Bondar et al, 1992)

• - the extension of the navigation jetties and port breakwaters having as effect the deviation of coastal sediments drift through distancing/separation of their discharging point in the sea;

• - the sequential, superposed, redundant development of the hard coastal protection construction

Danube Sediment Discharge at Vadu Oii hydrographic station - Km.247 (1961-1996)

y = 54.285x - 105108R2 = 0.1492

y = -25.563x + 51386R2 = 0.2977

y = -28.831x + 57755R2 = 0.4908

y = 0.0897x3 - 532.18x2 + 1E+06x - 7E+08R2 = 0.7382

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Sedi

men

t Dis

char

ge R

s (K

g/s)

Iron

Gat

es I

Iron

Gat

es II

Natural sites with high ecological value under the influence of coastal erosion

Natural sites

0 500 5000 2000

Area in hectares

LEGEND

Sea level time series at Constantza(1933 - 2003)

Sea level = 0.17cm/year + 9.2689

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1933 1943 1953 1963 1973 1983 1993 2003

Years

Centi

meter

s

ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL EROSION / VULNERABILITY

§Extension of a Masterplan for coastal protection: JICA 2005, HALCROW 2011

§Shoreline position: aerial photography, historical maps, satellite images, recent GPS measurements: 2005 - 2011

• Beach processes modeling

• beach width/protection solution design

• Distance from infrastructure

§Beach Volume

§ Temporal change: response forecast

• Accretion or erosion

• How long until: Beach width/volume or

•Infrastructure/ecosystem compromised

SHORELINE MAPPING • GPS measurements Sand-belt closing Musura bay:

GPS measurements 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2002

SHORELINE MAPPING - cont Shoreline changes 1962-2007

Sulina-Vadu

Sulina

Radare

Canal Sonda

Lacul Rosu

Casla Vadanei

Nord Sf Gheorghe

Sf. Gheorghe

Ciotica

Zatonul Mic

Zatonul Mare

Perisor

Periteasca

Nord Gura Portitei

Sud Gura PortiteiFar Portita

Nord PeriboinaPeriboina

Edighiol

Gr Chituc

Graniceri

Gr. Chituc-Vadu

Vadu

-1000.00 -500.00 0.00 500.00

Sect

ions

(1km

)

Erosion/Accretion (m)

GIS Support for Experimental research on the wave run-up

COASTAL DELINEATION STUDIES: boundaries issues/setbacks

Black Sea

Sulina Channel

Sulina area

1.Intensive use of resources: over- fishing, pollution, coastal erosion;

2. Population pressure & urbanization: relative high population growth in coastal areas and towns;

3.Envisaged long term impacts of global Climate Change:

- Accelerated Sea Level Rise (+/- 60cm/century),

- Increase of weather turbulence,

- Increase of salt water intrusion. Marine Strategy

Framework Directive: establishes a framework within which: Ø Member States shall take the necessary measures to achieve or maintain good

environmental status in the marine environment by the year 2020 at the latest.

ICZM process implementation

on Romanian CZ Motivation:

Institutional and legislative measures - underlined in Coastal Law

• Specific legislation in course of updating - coastal zone law or development - ICZM Strategy& Action Plan

• Institutional structure: National Committee, Working Groups &Technical Secretariat

Strategic Monitoring & Control

National ICZMStrategy

Territorial and Urban planning

Integrated Water Resources Management

Environmental Management & Nature Protection

NationalCommittee

TechnicalSecretariat

Agric

ultu

re

Tour

ism

Indu

stry

Fish

eries

Healt

h, E

duca

tion,

etc

WorkingGroup

WorkingGroup

WorkingGroup

Natio

nal L

evel

Loca

l & R

egio

nal L

evel

Local sector agencies

Trad

e & C

omm

erce

1. ECOMAGIS: IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPLEX

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATIC SYSTEM FOR ECOSYSTEM-BASED

MANAGEMENT, THROUGH INTEGRATED MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCOENOSIS STATUS AND ITS EVOLUTION TRENDS IN A FAST CHANGING ENVIRONMENT AT THE ROMANIAN COASTAL ZONE OF THE BLACK SEA considered as a continuation at a superior level of the PN2-32164/2008 project IMAGIS ”Complex system for the application of the GIS and remote sensing techniques to support the environmental quality monitoring and ICZM process implementation in the Romanian coastal zone”.

Project Aim The aim of the project is to establish scientific and technological

network for the implementation of an integrated informational system, to support the Integrated Coastal Zone Management activities, for an effective protection, conservation and rehabilitation of coastal the ecosystem of the Romanian Black Sea area.

Specific objectives: 1. operational integrate informational system providing near-real/real

time marine and coastal meteo-hydro-bio-geomorphologic information to increase the control capacity and awareness at regional scale;

2. data and information to support management efforts to monitor and evaluate the marine coastal environment of Romanian waters;

3. assessments and forecasts of the coastal ecological state based on the remote and in situ coastal monitoring and Coastal-Marine Ecosystem-base Management Tools Network;

4. forecasts to relevant bodies and/or coastal stakeholders; web-portal, for environmental bodies.

Support activities for implementation:

On-going national actions/projects

Supporting networking/collaboration, project developments and information access for marine and land use decision within NCCZ

The WEB-GIS component fulfils requirements of presenting relevant information in

the scope of the project and raise awareness of professional partners/public regarding the evolution of marine and coastal environment indicators.

System Functionalities: Spatial Data Access: WMS: Interactive, complex information within simple format Documents and Processes Management: pdf format Support Information System for Analysis and Simulation: connection with other national and European data portal : SDN, BSFS, etc. These functionalities allow achieving the following objectives: 1-GIS •Identify vulnerable and high risk areas •Description of time evolution of monitored areas •Management of protected areas 2- Documents and Processes Management: •Real – time data processing •Data Analysis/ Auditing / Validation / •Redundant information reduction 3- Analysis and simulation system: •Reports/Statistics •Notifications/Alerts

ECOMAGIS – cont.

Conclusions • Romanian coastal area is confronting with a significant issues toward

European WFD/ICZM/MSPD’s Implementation and also: • Implementation of the national coastal law/ICZM rules and regulations Erosion control

• In the near future, the implementation of the conservation-rehabilitation measures outlined by the Masterplan for the erosion control within southern sector:

WQ – monitoring

• Developing a monitoring-modeling-management systems/tools for WQ control q improved data validation Ø extended coverage area for in-situ measurements through common cruises (future

collaboration with other institutions) Ø collect discrete samples (spatial and temporal) – when is possible q better use of GIS&RS products: web application support/WMS Ø better dissemination (more papers based on these data) Ø use data in more national and international projects Ø use data in other research areas (i.e. fisheries marine ecology) Ø assimilation of technology of processing and delivery

Conclusion – cont.

• The new setbacks limits & resettlement have an important role in CZ protection and management but it may create a further population/investment pressure in the Romanian BSCZ

• The CZ’s ecological & physical condition: not optimal for the

ecological integration, and it is crucial to consider the ecosystem based practices for Romanian BSCZ

• Implementation of WEB-GIS to support CZ/ICZM policies has

great socio-economic importance for coastal stakeholders and contributes to the CZ protection and management, as well for the coastal delimitation/delineation policy and also contributes to the sustainable development of the CZ

• Enforcement of the Urbanism Plan for Ro Coastal Zone

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !