Essential Question:Essential Question:Describe the Describe the structure and structure and

function of the major function of the major parts in plant and parts in plant and

animal cellsanimal cells

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells•Found only in one-Found only in one-celled organisms celled organisms such as bacteriasuch as bacteria

•Have NO Have NO membrane-bound membrane-bound structurestructure

Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells•Found in protists, Found in protists, fungi, plants, & fungi, plants, & animalsanimals

•They HAVE They HAVE membrane-bound membrane-bound structuresstructures

Cell WallCell WallTough, rigid outer coverings that protect the cell and give it shape.

Cell MembraneCell Membrane•Protective layer around all cellsProtective layer around all cells

•Regulates interactions between Regulates interactions between the cell and the environmentthe cell and the environment

CytoplasmCytoplasm•Gelatin-like Gelatin-like substance that flows substance that flows inside the cell inside the cell membranemembrane

•Important chemical Important chemical reactions occur herereactions occur here

OrganellesOrganelles•Found in eukaryotic Found in eukaryotic cellscells

•Can process energy, Can process energy, manufacture manufacture substances, move substances, move and store material.and store material.

NucleusNucleus•Directs all cell activitiesDirects all cell activities

•Contains hereditary material Contains hereditary material made of DNA.made of DNA.

NucleolusNucleolus• Located in the nucleus, this Located in the nucleus, this

organelle is made up of RNA organelle is made up of RNA and proteinand protein

ChloroplastsChloroplasts•Found only in plant Found only in plant cellscells

•Green organelles Green organelles that capture light that capture light energy used to make energy used to make glucoseglucose

MitochondriaMitochondria•Organelles where energy is Organelles where energy is released from breaking down released from breaking down food into carbon dioxide and food into carbon dioxide and waterwater

RibosomesRibosomes•Make proteins needed in the Make proteins needed in the cell for cell membranes and cell for cell membranes and chemical reactionschemical reactions

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum•A series of folded membranes in A series of folded membranes in which materials can be which materials can be processed and moved around processed and moved around inside the cell.inside the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

•Has no attached Has no attached ribosomes ribosomes

•Processes cellular Processes cellular substances such as substances such as lipids that store energylipids that store energy

Rough Endoplasmic Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

•Has Has attached attached ribosomes ribosomes that make that make proteinsproteins

Golgi BodiesGolgi Bodies•Stacked, flattened membranes that Stacked, flattened membranes that sort proteins and other cellular sort proteins and other cellular substances and package them into substances and package them into membrane-bound structures called membrane-bound structures called vesiclesvesicles

LysosomesLysosomes•Contain digestive chemicals that Contain digestive chemicals that help break down food molecules, help break down food molecules, cell wastes, and worn-out cell cell wastes, and worn-out cell parts.parts.

VacuoleVacuole

•This This expanding and expanding and contracting contracting organelle organelle stores water, stores water, nutrients, and nutrients, and wastewaste

VesicleVesicle•Round structures that contain Round structures that contain materials such as molecules and ions, materials such as molecules and ions, and their job is to transport these and their job is to transport these materials within the cell.materials within the cell.

CentriolesCentrioles•Cylindrical structures that are arranged in a Cylindrical structures that are arranged in a bundle. During cell division (mitosis), the bundle. During cell division (mitosis), the centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. Chromosomes line up along the spindle that line up along the spindle that forms between the centrioles.forms between the centrioles.

ChromosomesChromosomes•Made up of folded and twisted strands of DNA, which contains instructions for making proteins•Only visible when the cell is undergoing cell division (mitosis), where they line up along the center of the cell and are pulled toward the centrioles located at opposite ends of the cell.